An Emerging OS For Mobile Devices: Android

Presented in Open Source Series Workshop 2010
An emerging OS for mobile devices
Android
22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010
Presented in Open Source Series Workshop 2010 ICOSST 2010 Android Presentation
Agenda
What is an android? (Part 1) Inside Android (Components) (Part 2) Writing code for android devices.(Part 3) Demonstration (Part 4)
What is an Android? (Part 1)
About Android (Cont)

The word android literally means a robot. Android is an OS for the mobile devices. Android is more than an OS ,its complete software stack. Mainly developed by Google Product of Open Handset Alliance Based on linux kernel Ranked 1st in sales of smart devices. 100,000 apps freely available for Android. Code written in Java language.
About Android
We can create powerful java applications in android. Android phones are called smart mobile devices. Android has a potential market beyond mobile devices. Some of android code being written for non mobile applications. Android was made freely available under Apache open source license in Oct 2008. Estimated 3 billion users
HTC G1
Features
Connectivity: WIFI, Bluetooth and GPRS, EDGE,
and 3G
Hardware: Support for GPS, accelerometers and Cameras. Graphics: Built in 2D/3D support including OpenGL. Storage: SQLLite Browser: The web browser is based on Webkit Supports modern features like multi touch and multi tasking.
Popular version
Version 1.5 1.6 2.0/2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0/2.4 3x/2x
Name Cupcake (Linux 2.6.27) Donut (Linux 2.6.29) clair (Linux 2.6.29) Froyo (Linux 2.6.32) Gingerbread (Linux 2.6.35.7) Honeycomb (2011) Ice Cream (2011)
OS trends
Android popularity is growing and will soon challenge Symbian in 2014 [Gartner.com]
Inside Android Platform (Part 2)
Application Architecture
Inside Android Platform

Linux Kernel Native Libraries Android Runtime Application Framework
Detailed components
Android Manifest
Every application must provide a file named AndroidManifest.xml Contains the configuration information for correctly installing it. Contains three things 1. Class names 2. Events 3. Permissions
Developing Applications with Android (Part 3)
Tools Needed
To develop android applications we need IDE: Officially Eclipse is used Android SDK Android Developer Tools plug-in for Eclipse
Java Coding in eclipse is very intitutive, provides rich java environment like context sensitive help and code suggestions
Android SDK
Provides tools and APIs to begin developing applications on the Android using JAVA. Used to build, compile, test and debug user applications Can be downloaded for Linux, Windows and MAC. We can add, delete and update components in android SDK. To begin development we need Eclipse IDE with ADT plug-in.
Anatomy of an Android application

Creating and Deploying android application Activity Service Content Provider Processes and Tasks.
Android applications have common structure

Activity is the presentation layer of your app: there will be one per screen, and the Views provide the UI to the activity Intents specify what specific action should be performed
Broadcast receivers can trigger intents that start an application Data storage provide data for your apps, and can be shared between apps database, file, and shared preferences (hash map) used by group of applications
22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010 Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
Services run in the background and have no UI for the user they will update data, and trigger events
Android applications have common structure Views such as lists,

grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack A Notification Manager that enables all apps to display custom alerts in the status bar A Resource Manager, providing access to noncode resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files
Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010
How it works
Write app in Java Compiled in Java
Transformed to Dalvik bytecode
Loaded into Dalvik VM
Linux OS
HelloWorld Android
package com.google.android.helloactivity; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class HelloActivity extends Activity { public HelloActivity() { } @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); setContentView(R.layout.hello_activity); } }
Can assume that most have android 2.1 or 2.2
22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010 http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html
Emulator
Applications can be run on the device or emulator.
There is a common file structure for applications

code
files
Autogenerated resource list
images UI layouts
constants
The AndroidManifest lists application details
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.my_domain.app.helloactivity"> <application android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".HelloActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> </intent-filter> </activity> </application>
Dalvik Virtual Machine

Responsible for running android Java programs. Optimized for low memory. Designed to allow multiple VM instances to run. Relies on OS for process isolation, memory management and threading. Executes Dalvik(DEX) files DEX files are zipped into android package (APK)
Android vs IPhone
Android is open source but iOS is proprietary. iOS can only be used on apple machines like Iphone,Ipad,Ipod Android has a universe of diverse mobile devices manufactured by renowned OEMS.For e.g. HTC,Samsung,LG,Sony Ericsson,Dell e.g Iphone iOS development is restricted while Android is flexible. iOS uses objective C while Android uses wildly adopted Java language.
There are lots of sources of information

The sdk comes with the API references, sample applications and lots of docs Blog http://android-developers.blogspot.com/ which has lots of useful examples, details There is http://www.anddev.org
Demonstration
Questions?

An Emerging OS For Mobile Devices: Android

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Presented in Open Source Series Workshop 2010

An emerging OS for mobile devices

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

What is an Android? (Part 1)

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

About Android (Cont)

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Version 1.5 1.6 2.0/2.1 2.2 2.3 3.0/2.4 3x/2x

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Inside Android Platform (Part 2)

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Inside Android Platform

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Developing Applications with Android (Part 3)

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Anatomy of an Android application

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Android applications have common structure

Android applications have common structure Views such as lists,

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Transformed to Dalvik bytecode

Loaded into Dalvik VM

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010

Can assume that most have android 2.1 or 2.2

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010 http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-versions.html

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010

There is a common file structure for applications

Autogenerated resource list

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010

The AndroidManifest lists application details

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Dalvik Virtual Machine

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

There are lots of sources of information

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen, 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

22-24 December, 2010 ICOSST 2010

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