Tekstil Teknoloji Sayi 15

NDEKLER / CONTENTS
YIL / YEAR: 15 SAYI / ISSUE: 169 KASIM - ARALIK / NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2010
GNDEM NEWS
LC Waikikinin Rusya Ata
DOKUMA RME WEAVING KNITTING

Bir Dmle Hayatlar Deiti
10
Russaian attack of LC Waikiki
Their Whole Life Changed With One Knot
29
GNDEM NEWS
Brezilya Tekstil Endstrisi, Alman Tekstil Makineleri Konferans Baarl Bir ekilde Sona Erdi Successful Conference on German Textile Machinery for the Brezilian Textile Industry
16
ELYAF PLK FIBRE YARN

Suni imen Monofilamentleri Dnya Kupas Sahalarn Glendirdi World Cup Pitches
GNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbentsten Hindistan Ata Technical Absorbents Takes in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, India
34
Artificial Turf Monofilanets Strengthen
19
GNDEM NEWS
IGATEXte lkler Yaand
BOYA BASKI TERBYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING

Tekstil Sanayiinde Spektrofotometrenin
20
First Things Took Place at IGATEX
Kullanm ve nemi Spectrophotometer of use and Importance in Textile Industry
70
REKLAM NDEKS / ADVERTISERS INDEX

AJANS PRESS......................75 AKBA PLASTK..................47 ASYA PASFK................24-25 BENTEKS ......................K.II COLIN. ...............................53 DORNIER ............................13 EFFE END. .....................40-41 ELITEZ.......................5-7-9-11 ESY GROUP........................65 ITMA 2011 TUR...........A.K.II KALORMAK.......................43 LEHWA ..............................17 MATEK...............................61 MONFORTS. ....................A.K. ZDEMR KEE ..................35 PICANOL ............................15 SARTEKS ............................21 SANAYI.BIZ ............................ ANAL PLASTK.............50-51 ENER MAKNA..................27 TEKNK FUARCILIK..............71 TEXMAC ............................31 THIES .................................23 TTNCLER .....................31
Bak / View
mtiyaz Sahibi ve Genel Yayn Mdr / President Publisher Necip GNEY Sorumlu Yaz leri Mdr / Editorial Director mit VURAL
mit VURAL
Yayn Maviri / Editorial Adviser Do. Dr. Hale Canbaz KARAKA Uluslararas likiler / International Relations Murat AVDAR Reklam Mdr / Advertisement Manager Yeim KTK Matbaa Sorumlusu / Printing Responsible enol YALIN Mali ler Mdr / Financial Manager Blent Baki YILDIRIM Yayn Kurulu / Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Mehmet TASMACI - Prof. Dr. Erdem KO Prof. Dr. Mehmet AKALIN - Prof. Dr. Blent ZPEK Do. Dr. zcan ZDEMR - Dr. Vedat BLGN Do. Dr. Filiz KARAOSMANOLU - Do. Dr. Fatma EKEN Yard. Do. Dr. Merih SARIIIK - Do. Dr. Ender BULGUN Dr. Peter HARDT Grafik Servisi / Design and Art Direction Temel EMECAN Abone ve Datm / Subscription and Distribution Furkan GNEY Bask - Cilt / Publishing House Euromat Entegre Matbaaclk Yapm - Ynetim / Publisher Teknik Fuarclk ve Yaynclk Reklamclk Danmanlk Ticaret Limited irketi Merkez / Head Office Yakuplu Merkez Mahallesi Osmanl Caddesi Gney Konaklar A-Blok No: 1 Kat 3 D. 6 34520 - Beylikdz - STANBUL - TURKEY
2010 Ylnn Ardndan
After the Year 2010

leaving 2010 2 010 yln geride brakyoruz. Bu yl W e are When wethe year the sitbehind. evaluate iinde lkemizdeki tekstil ve konfeksiyon sektrnn durumunu genel olarak deerlendirdiimizde, baz iyi gelimelerin yansra gerilemelerin de olduunu grebiliyoruz. rnein, Sanayi Bakanl tarafndan hazrlanan 2010 Yl Pamuk Raporu incelendiinde, 2003-2010 yllar arasnda Trkiyenin pamuk ekim asndan, lkemiz 2004 ylnda dnyada 7. srada yer alrken, 2009 ve 2010 yllarnda ekim alan en ok den lkelerden biri olmu ve 13. sraya gerilemitir. Pamuk verimi asndan incelediimizde, lkemiz dnyada 3. srada yer almtr. retim ve tketim deerleri incelendiinde, 2006 ylna gre 2009-2010 ylnda hem retim, hem de tketim deerleri tm dnyada olduu gibi lkemizde de dmtr. Genel olarak sektrlerdeki durum gzlendiinde, 2010 ylnda geen yln ayn dnemine gre ihracatta art kaydedildii grlmektedir. TKB tarafndan yaynlanan raporlar Ocak-Mays dneminde tekstil ve hammaddeleri ihracatnn % 24.8, hazr giyim ve konfeksiyon ihracatnn ise % 14.9 art kaydettiini belirtmektedir. Sonu olarak, 2010 yln artda kapattmz syleyebiliriz. Krize kar lkemiz salam durmay baarmtr. zellikle Avrupa lkelerinde yaanan kriz bu lkelerdeki almlarn azalmasna sebep olmu ve bu da bizim AB lkelerine yaptmz ihracat olumsuz olarak etkilemitir. Sayglarmla uation of the textile and clothing sector in this year generally, we see that there are regressions as well as improvements. For example, when we examine the 2010 Cotton Report, prepared by Ministry of Industry, with regard to the cotton plantation areas between 2003 and 2010, we see that our country was the 7th in 2004. However, it was tone of the countries with sharpest decrease between 2009 and 2010 and moved back to 13th level. When we consider the situation with regard to cotton productivity, our country is at the 3rd rank in the world. As production and consumption values are considered, we see a decrease in 2009-2010 periods in comparison to 2006, as similar to the other countries in the world. When we observe the sector in general, we see an increase in export in 2010 as compared to the same period of the previous year. The reports published by TKP state that the export of textile and raw materials increased by 24.8% and ready-made garment and clothing export increased by 14.9% in JanuaryMay period. As a result, we can say that we closed 2010 in a positive way. Our country managed to stay stable in spite of the crisis. The crisis in EU countries has especially led to the decrease in buying and this has effected our export to EU countries negatively. However, companies have tried hard and looked for new markets. Best Regards
Tel : +90 (212) 876 75 06 (Pbx) Fax : +90 (212) 876 06 81 internet/Web : http://www.tekstilteknoloji.com.tr E-mail : haberservisi@tekstilteknoloji.com.tr Fiyat : 15 YTL Ayda Bir Yaymlanr. Monthly Published. Bu dergide yaymlanan haber ve fotoraflar, kaynak gsterilmeden kullanlamaz. Yaynlanan tm makalelerdeki fikirlerin sorumluluu yazarlarna, ilanlarnn sorumluluu ise reklamverene aittir.
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GNDEM NEWS
Uster Quantum3 Akll Temizleme Teknolojisini Sunar

Uster Technologies nc nesil Uster Quantum temizleyicisini piyasaya srd.
ster Technologies r aan ve ok satan Uster Quantum temizleme sisteminin nc neslini piyasaya srdn duyurdu. Bu son modern kalite kontrol teknolojisi, tekstil reticilerinin retim etkinliini optimize etmelerini ve maliyeti azaltmalarn salyor ve kalite odakl iplik fabrikalarnn vazgeilmez bir paras oluyor. Akll temizleme teknolojisi Uster Quantum 3 yeni iplik kalitesi dnyasna gidi bileti sunuyor. Uster Quantum 3 lm ve analiz yapyor, ve sarm makinelerindeki ipliin eirme makinesinin kalite ve verim ihtiyalarna en uygun ekilde nasl uyarlanacan sylyor. Uster Quantum 3 gelecek odakl teknolojiye sahip ve Usterin en gelimi temizleyicisi olma zellii tayor. Gl ve yeni kapasiteli optik ve yabanc madde sensrleri Uster Quantum 3n en temel zellikleri arasnda yer alyor. Eski nesil iplik temizleme sistemlerine gre bu sensrler her eyi detayl olarak alglayabiliyor. Gl ileme elektroniiyle birlikte bu sistem ilk defa tm iplik gvdesini gsteriyor (iplik gvdesi, normal iplik ve tolere edilebilen tahmini doal varyasyonlarndan oluur). Yeni yabanc madde sensr birok k kaynana sahip olduundan renkli yabanc elyaflar tespit edebiliyor ve bu renkli elyaflar, byk ounluu rahatszlk vermeyen bitkisel maddelerden ayrt etmeye yardmc oluyor. Uster Quantum 3n gl atk paketi yeni Polipropilen temizleme seeneiyle tamamlanyor. Teknolojik gelimeleri sayesinde Uster Quantum 3, yaplan deneylerde PP tespit orann katlad grlyor. Sistemi bir st seviyeye kartan tek
zellik sensr teknolojisi deil. Uster Quantum 3 14-in dokunmatik ekran ieren, yeni ve merkezi bir temizleme nitesiyle ve daha byk ve hzl bir hafzayla donatlyor. Bu nite gerek zamanl olarak yeni nesil Uster Quantum Uzman Sistemiyle iletiim kurarak herhangi bir sarm makinesinde deitirilmi temizleme ayarlarnn karlatrlmas, benzer iplik lotlarnda senkronizasyon salanmas gibi ilemlerin yaplmasn salyor. Zorlu ortamlar iin gl temizleyiciler Uster Quantum 3 nceki temizleyicilere gre daha byk ve daha gl. Sert grnyle bu yeni tasarm en zorlu fabrika koullarna dayanabiliyor ve uzun bir hizmet mr sunuyor. rnn gelitirilmi zellikleri arasnda kiri ve tozu darda tutan yaltlm temizleyici ekirdei ve titremeyi engelleyen glendirilmi sensrler yer alyor. Bir dier nemli zellik ise ncekilere gre daha geni tasarlanan Yabanc Elyaf sensr. Yeni hava fleme tertibatyla birlikte bu sensr,, iplik ve hava beslemesinde kirin birikmesini nlyor. Akll ve kolay kullanm Uster Quantum 3 ilenen iplik hakknda bilmesi gereken her eyi iki dakika iinde reniyor. Sonrasnda, Uster bilgi ve beceresini kullanarak talep edilen kalite dzeyine ulamak iin gerekli uygun temizlik snrlarn belirliyor. Akll teknolojisi sayesinde Uster Quantum 3 kalite hedeflerine ulamak iin ne kadar kesinti yaplmas gerektiini ngryor. Tahmin edilen kesinti says fabrika sahiplerine tekstil teknoloji 4
kalite ve verim arasnda mkemmel bir denge kurmalarn salayacak en uygun temizleme limitlerini belirlemeleri iin deerli bilgiler veriyor. Kapasitif ve optik sensrler En gelimi kapasitif ve optik sensr teknolojileriyle donatlan Uster Quantum 3 her koul ve uygulama alan iin hazr. Kapasitif teknolojinin avantajlar biliniyor olsa da, Uster Quantum 3n optik sensrleri yeniden tasarland ve nemli lde gelitirildi. Hem kapasitif hem de optik temizleyici tm iplik gvdesini gryor, ve iplik gvdesine gre temizleme limitleri neren ve kesinti tahminleri yapan akll temizlik zellikleri sunuyor. Uster Quantum3, karde iplik, kompakt eirme, hava ya da su balamal ipliklerin temizleme performans konusuna yeni standartlar getiriyor. Uster Technologies Ltd. CEOsu Dr. Geoffrey Scott: r aan Uster Quantum temizleme sisteminin yeni neslini piyasaya srerek Usterin teknoloji liderliini bir kez daha gstermekten byk memnuniyet duyuyoruz. Optik ve kapasitif sensrlerle retilen bu rnn kalite lmne yeni standartlar getireceinden eminiz, dedi
GNDEM NEWS
Uster Quantum 3 featuring Smart Clearing Technology

Uster Technologies launches third generation of Uster Quantum clearer
ster, Switzerland September 28, 2010 Uster Technologies today
new Polypropylene clearing option. Thanks to technological improvements, Uster Quantum 3 has proven in several trials a multifold increase in PP detection rates. Its not only the sensor technology that has progressed to the next level. The Uster Quantum 3 also has a new central clearing unit with 14-inch touchscreen and a bigger and faster memory. This unit can communicate in real-time with the new-generation Uster Quantum Expert System allowing, for example, comparisons of changed clearing settings at any winder, and synchronization across similar yarn lots. Tough clearers for tough environments The Uster Quantum 3 is both larger and more robust than any previous clearer. Tough on the outside, its new design will stand up to the most demanding mill environments and provide a long service life. Improvements include a better sealed clearer core to keep out dirt and dust, as well as reinforced sensors to cope with vibration. Another improvement is the Foreign Fiber sensor, which is wider than before. Along with new air blowing arrangements, this reduces dirt buildup at the sensor from both the yarn and the air supply. Smart and radically simple to use Uster Quantum 3 learns everything it needs to know about the running yarn in just two minutes. Then, drawing on its built-in Uster know-how, it proposes suitable clearing limits to

achieve the required quality level. Smart technology enables the Uster Quantum 3 to forecast exactly how many cuts will need to be made to reach quality goals. The number of estimated cuts gives spinners valuable information to help them define the optimum clearing limit for the perfect balance of quality and productivity. Capacitive or optical sensors With a choice of the most advanced capacitive and optical sensor technologies, Uster Quantum 3 is ready for any application and environment. While the advantages of the capacitive technology are well known, the optical sensor of Uster Quantum 3 has been redesigned and has been substantially enhanced. Both the capacitive and the optical basic clearer see the full yarn body and provide all smart clearing features, which include proposing clearing limits based on the yarn body and providing cut forecasts. Uster Quantum 3 sets a new benchmark for clearing performance, whether for carded yarns, compactspun, air-spliced or water-spliced yarns. Dr Geoffrey Scott, CEO of Uster Technologies Ltd., comments: We are delighted to demonstrate Usters technological leadership with the launch of the ground-breaking new generation of our Uster Quantum clearer. We are confident that this product, available with optical and capacitive sensors, will set new accuracy standards in quality measurement within the industry.
announced the market introduction of the ground-breaking third generation of its best-selling Uster Quantum clearer system. This latest stateof-the-art quality assurance technology allows textile manufacturers to optimize production efficiency and reduce costs, making it an indispensable tool in quality-oriented spinning plants. Smart Clearing Technology The Uster Quantum 3 is the passport to a new world of yarn quality. Uster Quantum 3 measures, analyzes and proposes how the yarn on the winding machines can best be tailored to the spinners quality and productivity needs. Uster Quantum 3 is USTERs most advanced clearer yet, packed with futureoriented technology. Powerful new capacitive, optical and foreign matter sensors are at the core of the Uster Quantum 3. They can see everything, in greater detail than any previous yarn clearer generation. In combination with powerful processing electronics, for the first time ever, the system shows the full yarn body. (The yarn body is the normal yarn with its set of expected tolerable natural variations). The new foreign matter sensor has multiple light sources, to detect new colored foreign fibers and to help separation of colored foreign fibers from mostly non-disturbing vegetable matter. The powerful contamination package of the Uster Quantum 3 is completed by a brand
tekstil teknoloji 6
GNDEM NEWS
LC Waikiki'nin Rusya Ata

ocuk ve gen hazr giyimin nclerinden LC Waikiki'nin Rusya genelinde dev yatrmlar yapaca ve 50 yeni maaza aaca belirtildi
rkiye'de ocuk ve gen hazr giyimin nc firmalarndan olan LC
yaps var. ki lke siyasi ilikilerinin geldii noktay dndmzde yatrmlar asndan nmzn ak olduunu gryoruz" dedi. Geli gidiler daha da artar ki lkenin nmzdeki be yl iinde 100 milyar dolar ticaret hacmi hedefi koyduunu hatrlatan Kk, vizelerin
aydr perakende sektrnde ilerin yolunda olduu bilgisi veren Kk, Trkiye ile ilgili hedeflerini de aklad: "Trkiye'de haftada bir maaza ayoruz. 2011 sonunda 360 civarnda maazaya ulam olacaz. 2010 sonunda 1,4 milyar dolar olmasn beklediimiz ciromuz da, 2011 sonunda 2 milyar dolara ulaacak. Mevcut on bin alanmzn saysn da artracaz. Gelecek yl en az bin kiiye daha istihdam salamay hedefliyoruz." Kaliteli rnler krizi bitirir Trkiye'de parekende piyasasnda krizin aldn ve ok olumlu gelimeler yaadn ifade eden Kk, "nmzdeki dnemde de herhangi bir krlganlk grmyoruz. Genel tekstil sektr asndan baktmzda girdi maliyetlerinin yksek oluu rekabet ansn azaltyor. Trk hazr giyim sektrnn hzl ve esnek yapsnn yan sra katma deeri yksek kaliteli rnlere ynelik almalar ile krizden -
Waikiki, Rusya'da dev yatrma hazrlanyor. 2012 sonuna kadar Moskova, St. Petersburg ve Rusya'nn farkl kentlerinde 50 maaza amay planlayan LC Waikiki toplam 75 milyon dolarlk bir yatrm yapacak. irketin Rusya'daki ilk maazas da St. Petersburg kentinde 25 Aralk'ta alyor. Moskovski Vokzal semtinde Galeriya ticaret merkezinden faaliyete balayacak LC Waikiki, bin 400 metrekarelik bir alanda mterilerine hizmet verecek. Romanya, Bulgaristan, Arnavutluk, Kazakistan ve Irak'ta at maazalarla Trk ihracatna byk katk salayan irket yurt dndaki faaliyetlerini 19 lkeye karacak. Almanya, Fransa, Rusya, Suudi Arabistan ve Suriye'de almalarna balayan LC Waikiki, 2020'de Avrupa'nn en baarl ilk irketi arasna girmeyi hedefliyor. Kk: Rusya nemli bir pazar LC Waikiki markasnn yer ald Tema Maazaclk Ynetim Kurulu Bakan Vahap Kk, Rusya ve Trkiye arasnda son dnemde ilikilerin ciddi bir ekilde gelitiini ve Rusya'da nemli frsatlar grdklerini syledi. Rusya piyasas ile ilgili deerlendirmede bulunan Kk, "Rusya'y ncelikli yatrm alan olarak belirledik. Moskova dndaki blgelerde henz al veri merkezleri alt yaps tamamlanm deil. Buralarda yer alabilmek halen mmkn. Pazar asndan da byyen bir
Lc Waikiki Ynetim Kurulu Bakan Vahap Kk
kacan dnyorum" tavsiyesinde bulundu. Avrupa iin 2020 hedefi 2020 ylna kadar Avrupa'nn en baarl firmasndan biri olmak gibi bir vizyonlar olduunu kaydeden Kk, buna tam inanyoruz dedi. Deiime hzl tepki vermek, kendi sektrne odaklamak, kazandn yine sektre yatrmak, insan kayna ve teknoloji yatrmlarna da nem vermek LC Waikiki'nin benimsedii temel prensipler arasnda yer alyor.
kalkmasnn ardndan gidi gelilerin hzl bir ekilde artacan kaydetti. Rus turistlerin tatil iin Trkiye'ye youn bir ekilde geldiklerini de ifade eden LC Waikiki'nin ortaklarndan Kk, markalarnn Ruslar arasnda bilinirlikle asndan da avantajlar olduunu syledi. Haftada bir maaza ayor Trkiye'de 300'n zerinde maaza ile almalarn srdren LC Waikiki, haftada bir yeni maaza ayor. 6-7 tekstil teknoloji 8
GNDEM NEWS
Oasis SAFa inde Tam Not

Sper emici elyaf teknolojisi Oasis Sper Emici Elyaf (Oasis SAF), CinteTechtextil inde ziyaretilerin aknna urad.
ngiltere merkezli irket Technical Absorbents tarafndan retilen
Limited irketinin bir alt kuruluu. Bu irket ise, in Ulusal Bluestar (Grup) irketinin bir paras olarak faaliyet gsteriyor. Bu grup irketi de inin en hzl byyen kimyasal gruplarndan biri olan ChemChinaya bal bulunuyor. Technical Absorbents standnda ayrca, Agrotech, Indutech, Sporttech, Packtech ve Medtech sektrlerinde uygulama alanlar bulunan sper emici teknolojiler ve bu teknolojilerin eitli kullanmlar da ziyaretilere tantld. Bu rnler birok ziyaretiyi ve potansiyel mteriyi bu standa ekmeyi baard.
sine uygulama alan salayan geni bir pazar tabannda bulunan ve tedarik zincirinde yer alan nemli oyuncularla bir araya gelmek iin irketimize mkemmel bir platform sundu. Technical Absorbentsn ok geni bir uygulama alannda kullanlan sper emici rn portfy byk ilgi topluyor ve inin yerel pazarlarnda kendine yer ediniyor dedi. Fuarn yan sra fuar organizatr Messe Frankfurt (HK) Limited, iinde rn sunumlar ve sempozyumun yer alan bir program dzenledi. Bu programla inde giderek byyen teknoloji taleplerini karlamak isteyen endstri oyuncularndan olumlu tepkiler
Oasis Sper Emici Elyaf (Oasis SAF ) Shanghai, inde gerekletirilen
uluslar aras CinteTechtextil Ticari Fuarnda ziyaretilerden tam not ald. 320den fazla stand bulunan ve gn sren uzman ticari fuar, ayn zamanda, teknik tekstil, nonwoven ve makineler konusunda inde trnn tek rnei olma zellii tayor. 18.000den fazla uluslararas ziyareti, Cinte adyla tannan ve dinamik bir ekilde kaynak bulmaya, iletiim kurmaya ve bilgi alveriine olanak salayan bu platform iin ine geldiler. Technical Absorbents, Oasis SAF elyafnn yan sra, bilindii gibi, tamam Oasis SAF elyaf ieren nonwoven, iplik, dokuma kuma ve terbiyeli mteri rnleri de retiyor. Bu baar, irketin uzun yllar boyunca dnyann nc uzman elyaf dntrcleri, kuma ve son rn reticileriyle yapt ibirliinden kaynaklanyor.

Mkemmel bir frsat oldu Gelitirme Yneticisi David Hill, CINTEye katlmamz, SAF teknoloji
ald. David Hill bu programda, ayrca, Gda Paketlemede Emici rnler bal altnda bir sunum yapt.
Asyada hamleye hazrlanyor irket Asyadaki pazar yollarnda ilerlemek iin bu blgedeki irketlerle de benzer ilikiler kurmaya hazrlanyor. inde gerekletirilen bu etkinlik ayn zamanda irketin Asyadaki varln glendirmek iin nemli bir frsat sunuyor. Technical Absorbents, BluestarFibres tekstil teknoloji 12
GNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbents takes part in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, India
Super absorbent fiber technology Oasis Super Absorbent Fiber (Oasis SAF) Cinte Techtextil attracted visitors' attention
Delegates attending the recent International Conference on Tech-
legates entitled Innovative fluid management solutions for advanced technical textiles which was very well received by the industry and research fellows attending. Mr Hill said: The Indian Technical Textiles sector presents a tremendous market development opportunity for Technical Absorbents. The extremely diverse application areas for TALs superab-
e different monomers) of acrylic acid (AA) methylacrylate (MA) and a small quantity of a special acrylate/methacrylate monomer (SAMM). The reaction between the acid groups in acrylic acid and the hydroxyl groups in hydroxpropylmethacrylate result in ester groups. These are formed as a result of cross-links between polymer chains. SAF is white, odourless and has the appearance and improved handling
nical Textiles & Nonwovens, held in New Delhi, were keen to find out about the various applications for Super Absorbent Fibre (SAF ), manufactured by UK-based company, Technical Absorbents (TAL). The 3-day conference aimed to bring together industry, research organisations and academia in the field of technical textiles for meaningful discussions on the existing technical textile products, possibilities for new product development and domestic and global market potentials for these products, along with coming up with a suitable strategy for the development of technical textiles in India. Enquiries received by TAL at the event included interest in the technology developed for both washable super absorbency and evaporative cooling, both used in the performance apparel markets. Leading yarn manufacturers came forward to learn how they can utilise the unique absorbency features of SAF for enhancing their product portfolio. Those from the filtration
TALs presence at this years IIT event was very favourably received. TALs
sorbent product technology, lends itself perfectly to the manufacturing capability and high people skill base present within the Indian domestic technical textiles sector. TALs presence at this years IIT event was very favourably received. TALs collaboration with the New Delhi based BCH Group, continues to provide a sound support base to its development activities within India. Notes for Editors Technical Absorbents is owned by Bluestar Fibres Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of China National BlueStar (Group) Company Limited, which in-turn is wholly-owned by the ChemChina Group. SAF is a cross-linked polymer (thre
characteristics of a textile fibre, while offering the possibility of being used to produce a wide range of soft handle fabrics. Along with the advantages of easy handling, it also possesses enhanced containment ability and increased compatibility with different processing techniques and machinery. SAF is an extremely effective and versatile super absorbent technology, and the company behind the product Technical Absorbents is at the forefront of the industry. Applications for the super absorbent technology include food packaging, hygiene, medical and dental goods. SAF is regulated by the United States of America Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a fluid absorbent in food contact materials.
sector were interested to learn about the rapid absorption rates of SAF within fuel filtration for separating water and the absorption of moisture in air filtration. Mr David Hill, Business Development Manager, gave a presentation to de-
tekstil teknoloji 14
GNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbents takes part in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, India
Super absorbent fiber technology Oasis Super Absorbent Fiber (Oasis SAF) Cinte Techtextil attracted visitors' attention
Delegates attending the recent International Conference on Tech-
legates entitled Innovative fluid management solutions for advanced technical textiles which was very well received by the industry and research fellows attending. Mr Hill said: The Indian Technical Textiles sector presents a tremendous market development opportunity for Technical Absorbents. The extremely diverse application areas for TALs superab-
e different monomers) of acrylic acid (AA) methylacrylate (MA) and a small quantity of a special acrylate/methacrylate monomer (SAMM). The reaction between the acid groups in acrylic acid and the hydroxyl groups in hydroxpropylmethacrylate result in ester groups. These are formed as a result of cross-links between polymer chains. SAF is white, odourless and has the appearance and improved handling
nical Textiles & Nonwovens, held in New Delhi, were keen to find out about the various applications for Super Absorbent Fibre (SAF ), manufactured by UK-based company, Technical Absorbents (TAL). The 3-day conference aimed to bring together industry, research organisations and academia in the field of technical textiles for meaningful discussions on the existing technical textile products, possibilities for new product development and domestic and global market potentials for these products, along with coming up with a suitable strategy for the development of technical textiles in India. Enquiries received by TAL at the event included interest in the technology developed for both washable super absorbency and evaporative cooling, both used in the performance apparel markets. Leading yarn manufacturers came forward to learn how they can utilise the unique absorbency features of SAF for enhancing their product portfolio. Those from the filtration
TALs presence at this years IIT event was very favourably received. TALs
sorbent product technology, lends itself perfectly to the manufacturing capability and high people skill base present within the Indian domestic technical textiles sector. TALs presence at this years IIT event was very favourably received. TALs collaboration with the New Delhi based BCH Group, continues to provide a sound support base to its development activities within India. Notes for Editors Technical Absorbents is owned by Bluestar Fibres Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of China National BlueStar (Group) Company Limited, which in-turn is wholly-owned by the ChemChina Group. SAF is a cross-linked polymer (thre
characteristics of a textile fibre, while offering the possibility of being used to produce a wide range of soft handle fabrics. Along with the advantages of easy handling, it also possesses enhanced containment ability and increased compatibility with different processing techniques and machinery. SAF is an extremely effective and versatile super absorbent technology, and the company behind the product Technical Absorbents is at the forefront of the industry. Applications for the super absorbent technology include food packaging, hygiene, medical and dental goods. SAF is regulated by the United States of America Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a fluid absorbent in food contact materials.
sector were interested to learn about the rapid absorption rates of SAF within fuel filtration for separating water and the absorption of moisture in air filtration. Mr David Hill, Business Development Manager, gave a presentation to de-
GNDEM NEWS
Brezilya Tekstil Endstrisi, Alman Tekstil Makineleri Konferans Baarl Bir ekilde Sona Erdi.
So Pauloda dzenlenen konferansda son teknolojiler izlendi.
o Paulo ve Blumenauda gerekletirilen Brezilyada Tekstil iin
yer ald. ABBT Brezilya Tekstil Teknisyenleri Derneinden konferansa mkemmel notlar ABBT Bakan Reinaldo A. Rozzatti; ABBT Brezilya Tekstil Teknisyenleri Dernei olarak, So Paulo ve Blumenauda gerekletirdii Brezilya Tekstil Endstrisi iin Alman Teknolojisi balkl konferans ve konumalar iin VDMA- Tekstil Teknolojileri Derneine teekkr ediyoruz. Tekstil alanndaki irketlere ve Brezilyal endstri temsilcilerine yeni teknolojileri getiren bu etkinlii desteklemek irketimiz iin nemli bir onurdur. Federal Alman Cumhuriyetinde mer-
Endstrinin yorumlar Brckner Tekstil Terbiye Makineleri, Pazarlama ve Reklam Departman Bakan Verena Ruckh; Bu sempozyum, tm ilgili mterilerimize ve ziyaretilerimize en yeni teknolojilerimizi tantmak ve Brezilya pazarndaki oyuncularla ilikimizi gelitirmek zere nemli bir frsat sundu. IRO GmbH Mteri Hizmetleri Mdr Walter Letzgus: VDMA sayesinde irketimiz en yeni rn gamn Brezilyadaki rg fabrikalarna tantt. ERBATECH GmbH Yneticisi Ulrich von Christen: Brezilya tekstil endstrisine uygun birok gelimi rnmz bulunuyor.
Alman Teknolojileri Konferansna Brezilyann byyen tekstil endstrisinden 430 temsilci katld. Hem karar mercileri hem de tekstil teknisyenleri; enerji, su, tedarik ve hammadde kullanm gibi etkin bir tekstil retimi gerekletirmenin aralarna ynelik en yeni teknoloji trendlerini rendiler. Konferanslar Alman VDMA Tekstil Makineleri Dernei tarafndan organize edildi ve Alman Federal Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Bakanlnn desteiyle 3-4 Kasm 2010 tarihlerinde So Paulo ve 8-9 Kasm 2010 tarihlerinde Blumenauda gerekletirildi. Katlmc irketler Teknoloji bal altnda 22 nl irket tarafndan yaplan konumalar tm tekstil zincirinde yer alan makine, aksesuar ve hizmetleri kapsad. Bunlar arasnda; eirme, dokuma, rg & orap, nonwovenlar, terbiye (ykama, beyazlatma, boyama ve kurutma dhil) ve tekstil testlerini yer ald. Konumalara katlan irketler arasnda ise Brckner Textile Finishing Machinery, Erbatech, Hohenstein Textile Testing Institute, Groz-Beckert, Jakob Mller, Karl Mayer, Lindauer Dornier, Mahlo, Memminger Iro, Monforts, Oeko-Tex, Oerlikon Neumag, Oerlikon Schlafhorst, Pleva, Reseda Binder, Rieter Ingolstadt, Textechno, Then, Trtzschler Nonwovens Group - Fleissner, Trtzschler Spinning, Welker Spinntech and XETMA Vollenweider,
Hohenstein Enstitsnn kimya endstrisindeki mterilerimiz iin ne kadar nemli olduunu Brezilyadaki potansiyel mterilere gstermi oldu
kezi bulunan yirmi iki irketin, tm tekstil zinciri iin rettikleri makine ve ekipmanlarn sunmak zere Brezilyaya gelmesi ve bylece lkenin mevcut yeni teknolojileri inceleme ve gzlemleme ans bulmasyla yerel irketler endstriyel makinelerini yenilemek iin daha fazla seenee sahip oldular ve satn alma kararlarn buna gre verme ans buldular. Bu etkinlikte Brezilya endstrisinin daha rekabeti olmasn, pazara daha uyumlu rnlerle hizmet vermesini ve ekolojik standartlara uygun bir ekilde retim yapmasn salayacak yeni ekipmanlar reticilere tantld. tekstil teknoloji 16 Hohenstein Enstits Latin Amerika Mdr Fritz V. Herbold; VDMAnn So Paulo ve Blumenauda gerekletirdii etkinlikler hizmetlerimizi tekstil dnyasna sunmak iin nemli bir frsat sundu. Byle bir frsat Hohenstein Enstitsnn kimya endstrisindeki mterilerimiz iin ne kadar nemli olduunu Brezilyadaki potansiyel mterilere gstermi oldu. Organizatrleri byle bir etkinlii bizlere kazandrd iin teekkr ediyoruz. Brezilyann ekipmanlarmza gsterdii ilgi ise muazzam.
GNDEM NEWS
Successful Conference on German Textile Machinery for the Brazilian Textile Industry
Latest technologies were followed at the conference in Sao Paulo
rankfurt am Main, 22nd November 2010 430 delegates from the
Rieter Ingolstadt, Textechno, Then, Trtzschler Nonwovens Group - Fleissner, Trtzschler Spinning, Welker Spinntech and XETMA Vollenweider.
tile area companies and to the industrial Brazilian public. The twenty two companies headquartered in the Federal Republic of Germany delighted to present their mac-
Brazilian textile industry attended the Conference on German Technology for Brazilian Textiles in So Paulo and Blumenau. Both decision makers as well as textile technicians informed themselves about the latest technology trends e. g. for efficient textile production in terms of energy, water supply and raw material use. The conferences initiated by the German VDMA Textile Machinery Association and supported by the German Federal Ministry of Economics & Technology - took place in So Paulo (3 4 November 2010) and Blumenau (8 9 November 2010).
th th rd th
Excellent notes from ABTT- Brazilian Association of Textile Technicians Reinaldo A. Rozzatti, President of ABTT states: The ABTT-Brazilian Association of Textile Technicians congratulates VDMA Textile Machinery Association for the realization of the Brazilian Editions in So Paulo and Blumenau of the Conference and Exposition Cycles German Technology for the Brazilian Textile Industry. It has been a great honour for our association to support this event that has
hines and equipment to the entrepreneurs from the textile chain, here in Brazil, so that they could observe what could be offered in terms of new technologies available, and in doing so they could have more arguments for their purchasing decision looking for renewal of their industrial machines. At this event the public became aware of new equipment, that are to help the Brazilian industry to be more competitive, serving the market with more adequate products and manufacturing under ecological standards.
Participating companies The technology lectures given by 22 renowned companies covered machinery, accessories and services along the complete textile chain: Spinning, weaving, knitting & hosiery, nonwovens, finishing (incl. washing, bleaching, dyeing, drying) and textile testing. The following companies participated: Brckner Textile Finishing Machinery, Erbatech, Hohenstein Textile Testing Institute, Groz-Beckert, Jakob Mller, Karl Mayer, Lindauer Dornier, Mahlo, Memminger Iro, Monforts, Oeko-Tex, Oerlikon Neumag, Oerlikon Schlafhorst, Pleva, Reseda Binder,
brought new technologies to the tex-
GNDEM NEWS
Technical Absorbentsten Hindistan Ata

Hindistanda dzenlenen ICTN 2010 etkinliine katlan Technical Absorbents Delhi, zellikle Sper Emici Elyaf rn ile byk ilgi grd
echnical Absorbents Delhi, getiimiz gnlerde Hindistanda gerekletirilen ICTN 2010da yer ald. Yeni Delhideki Uluslararas Teknik Tekstiller & Nonwoven Konferansna katlan temsilciler, ngiltere merkezli Technical Absorbents (TAL) irketi tarafndan retilen Sper Emici Elyafa (SAF) ve uygulama alanlarna byk ilgi gsterdi. Temsilciler, rnn zellikleri karsnda hayranlklarn gizleyemediler. gn sren konferansta tekstil endstrisi, aratrma organizasyonlar ve teknik tekstil alanndan akademisyenler mevcut teknik tekstil uygulamalarn tartmak zere bir araya geldi. Katlmclar, ayn zamanda, yeni rn geliimleri zerine konumak, bu rnlerin yerel ve kresel pazar potansiyellerini ortaya koymak ve Hindistanda teknik tekstillerin ge-
limesi iin uygun bir strateji bulmak zere de fikir alverii gerekletirdiler. Konferansta TALa yneltilen sorular performans giyimi pazarlarnda kullanlan ve ykanabilir sper emicilik zellii iin gelitirilen teknolojiler ve buharl soutma teknii zerine oldu. David Hill: Yerelde potansiyel var Lider iplik reticileri, kendi rn portfylerini zenginletirmek iin SAFn esiz emicilik zelliklerini nasl kullanabileceklerini renme frsat buldular. zellikle filtreleme endstrisi temsilcileri yakt filtrelemede suyu ayrmak ve hava filtrelemede nem emilimi salamak iin SAFn hzl emicilik oranlarn renmek istediler. Gelitirme Mdr David Hill, burada, endstri temsilcilerine, leri dzey teknik
tekstiller iin yeniliki sv ynetim zmleri bal altnda bir sunum yapt. Bu sunum katlmc endstri yeleri ve aratrmaclar tarafndan olduka beenildi. Hill konumasnda, Hindistan Teknik Tekstil sektr Technical Absorbents irketine pazar gelitirme konusunda byk frsatlar sunuyor. Sektrde TALin sper emici rn teknolojisi iin birok uygulama alan bulunuyor. irketin, Hindistann retim kapasitesini ve yetenekli alan saysn arttrmak zere yerel teknik tekstil sektrnde nemli bir potansiyeli var. TALin bu yl gerekletirilen ITT etkinliindeki varl ise byk ilgi toplamay baard. irketin Yeni Delhi merkezli BCH Grubuyla yapt ibirlii, Hindistanda gerekletirecei kalknma etkinlikleri iin nemli bir temel oluturuyor dedi.
Technical Absorbents Takes Part in 2010 ICTN held at IIT Delhi, India
Leading yarn manufacturers came forward to learn how they can utilise the unique absorbency features of SAF for enhancing their product portfolio.
elegates attending the recent International Conference on Technical Textiles & Nonwovens, held in New Delhi, were keen to find out about the various applications for Super Absorbent Fibre (SAF), manufactured by UK-based company, Technical Absorbents (TAL). The 3-day conference aimed to bring together industry, research organisations and academia in the field of technical textiles for meaningful discussions on the existing technical textile products, possibilities for new product development and domestic and global market potentials for these products, along with coming up with a suitable strategy for the development of technical textiles in India. Enquiries received by TAL at the
event included interest in the technology developed for both washable super absorbency and evaporative cooling, both used in the performance apparel markets. Leading yarn manufacturers came forward to learn how they can utilise the unique absorbency features of SAF for enhancing their product portfolio. Those from the filtration sector were interested to learn about the rapid absorption rates of SAF within fuel filtration for separating water and the absorption of moisture in air filtration. Mr David Hill, Business Development Manager, gave a presentation to delegates entitled Innovative fluid management solutions for advanced technical textiles which was very well received by the industry and resetekstil teknoloji 19
arch fellows attending. Mr Hill said: The Indian Technical Textiles sector presents a tremendous market development opportunity for Technical Absorbents. The extremely diverse application areas for TALs superabsorbent product technology, lends itself perfectly to the manufacturing capability and high people skill base present within the Indian domestic technical textiles sector. TALs presence at this years IIT event was very favourably received. TALs collaboration with the New Delhi based BCH Group, continues to provide a sound support base to its development activities within India.
GNDEM NEWS
IGATEXte ilkler Yaand

IGATEX, 22 - 24 Ekim tarihleri arasnda gerekleti
6.
IGATEX Fuar ilk defa Lahore, Pakistanda yeni alan Expo
yaplan aklamada, SSM ve blge temsilcisi AHS Tekstil Makineleri fuarda bir stand paylat. Onlara mkemmel bir organizasyon yaptklar ve bu fuar baaryla gerekletirdikleri iin teekkr ediyoruz. Fuarn irket iin baarl gemesinin en nemli sebebi irketin, yeni piyasaya srlen CW 8-W ClassicWind sistemini ilk defa Pakistanda tantyor olmasyd. Dokuma, zg rme ve
dairesel rg paketleri hazrlama konusunda ekonomik bir zm sunan CW 8-W, SSM standna birok mteri ekmeyi baard. SSM olarak, gelecekteki projeleriyle ilgili grmeler yapmak ve son ekipmanlar incelemek zere fuar standna gelen tm ziyaretilere teekkr ediyoruz. Bize gvendiiniz iin teekkrler denildi.
Centerda gerekletirildi. 22-24 Ekim tarihleri arasnda yaplan fuara zellikle Punjab blgesinden birok ziyareti geldi. Igatex Pakistan bylece giyim&tekstil makineleri ve aksesuarlar konusunda Gney Dou Asyadaki en byk ve en baarl fuarlardan biri olduunu kantlad. SSM SchrerSchweiterMettler AGden
First Things Took place at IGATEX

IGATEX took place between 22 - 24 October
he 6th IGATEX took place at the newly opened Expo Centre in La-
one of the largest and best established Garment & Textile Machinery and accessories exhibitions in South East Asia. SSM shared a booth with their representative AHS Textile Machinery. We would like to thank them for the perfect organization and for helping
to make this show a successful one. A fact that was also influenced by the recently launched CW8-W ClassicWind, that SSM was showing for the first time in Pakistan. The CW8W, a very economical solution for the preparation of packages for weaving, warp knitting and circular knitting helped to draw a large number of visitors to the booth. Thanks to all visitors: Furthermore, SSM would like to take this opportunity to thank all visitors that visited our booth for discussions concerning imminent projects or just for checking out the latest equipment. Many thanks for giving us your trust.
hore, Pakistan for the first time. From 22 to 24 October the exhibition attracted a large number of visitors, mainly from the Punjab province. Igatex Pakistan confirmed its place as
GNDEM NEWS
Shanghaiden Dn
ITMA ASIA + CITME bir kez daha Asyal Tekstil reticilerinin en nemli platformu olduunu kantlad.
hanghaide ikincisi gerekletirilen ITMA ASIA + CITME fuar 26 Tem-
Savio, standn kat fenerle ssleme karar ald ve fuarda sunduu makinelerinin zerine byk fenerler ast. Bu fenerler dnyann en byk tekstil piyasas olan ini simgelerken, dekoratif zelliiyle olumlu tepkiler ald ve byk ilgi grd. Byk boyutlar sayesinde bu fenerler, benzer etkinlikler iin kullanlan en byk fenerler olma zelliini tad. Standn i alan dnldnde, duvarlardaki byk resimler, Savionun makineleriyle donatlan iplik fabrikalarndan bir kesit sundu ve fuar alanna derinlik ve boyut kazandrd. Ziyaretileri duygusal bir yolculua karan bu stand, onlar artmay ve ilgilerini ekmeyi baard. SAVIO ORION Shandong Mterilerden ve operatrlerden ge-
len olumlu geri dnler Savionun baarl bir fuar geirdiini gsteriyor. Savionun ziyaretileri genelde inliydi ancak irketin yabanc ziyareti orannn artmas kresel tekstil piyasasnn tek gcnn in olmadn kantlad. Standa zellikle Hindistan, Tayvan, Taylan, Kore, Pakistan ve Bangladeten ziyaretiler gelirken, Trkiye, Orta Dou ve Gney Amerikadan da ziyareti ak saland. Shanghaiye gelen yabanc ziyaretilerin saysnn artmasnn sebebinin, artk inkar edilmeyen ve giderek daha da kabul gren bir gereklik yaratan inli reticilere olan merak ve ilgi olduu sylenebilir. Fuar 22 Temmuzda, in Tekstil Endstrisi Bakan Du Wang Zhounun ziyaretiyle onurlandrld. Zhou, fuarda sunulan makineleri tantrken, enerji tasarrufu, verim ve otomasyon konularna odakland. Mteri ve operatrler Savio rnlerine byk ilgi gsterdi. irket iki sarm makinesini ve yeni ikiye-bir bkm makinesini ilk defa ITMA ASIA 2010 fuarnda tantt. indeki yeni Savio (Shandong) Tekstil Makineleri fabrikasnda retilen Otomatik sarm makinesi SAVIO ORION SHANDONG, yksek verimli ve kaliteli iplik, dk enerji tketimi, dk bakm ve yatrm masraf zelliklerini talep eden Uzak Dou piyasas iin zel olarak gelitirildi. Bu makine-
muzda sona erdi. Fuar, Asyal tekstil reticilerinin en nemli platformu olduunu ve dnya apndaki tekstil piyasalarnn gelime srecinin hzlandn kantlad. zellikle Cematex ve ACIMIT gibi katlmclar ve ticari derneklerden alnan izlenimler ve fuar boyunca birok irketin ald sipariler, tekstil endstrisinin 2009 ylyla karlatrldnda hzl bir byme yaadn gsteriyor. 30 farkl lkeden gelen 1200 katlmc ikincisi dzenlenen bu nemli fuara katld ve Yeni Shanghai Uluslararas Expo Centerda 100,000 m fazla alanda rnlerini ziyaretilere sundu. ITMA ASIA, be gn boyunca 94 lkeden 100,000 ziyaretinin aknna urad. ITMA ASIA + CITME 2010 fuarnda
2
Fuara ok sayda yerli ve yabanc ziyareti katld.
GNDEM NEWS
yi yeni yatak tasarmyla ve Leopfe Zenit X ile donatlan yeni ama sistemiyle sunuyoruz. POLAR/I Dorudan Balantl Sistem Otomatik balant tr sarm makinesi Polar/I DLS, in pazarndan da byk ilgi topluyor. DLS, otomatik sarmda ergonomiyi ve kullanc dostu ok ynl zellikleri bir araya getiren yeni bir konsept sunuyor. POLAR/I DLSnin bilezikli makine bobinlerinin dorudan beslemesi bulunuyor ve bylece makinenin bir uzants haline gelerek materyallerin tamamen bamsz bir ekilde akmasn salyor. Bu zellikleri sayesinde bu zel makine in piyasasnn nemli segmentlerinden byk vg alyor. Bunun en nemli sebebi ise eleman bulma konusunda giderek daha fazla sknt yaayan in pazarnn bu tr makinelere talep gstermesi. inde iplik makineleri alannda yaanan nemli gelimeler balantl sarm makinelerinin yaygnlamasn salyor. Polar I/DLS, en iyi kullanm zellikleri sunan modler ve yksek verimli bobin ileme sistemiyle geliyor ve Avrupal, Hint, inli ve Japon iplik makinesi reticilerine dorudan balanabiliyor. SIRIUS Elektronik Tahrik Sistemi Yeni bkm makinesi nesli olan SIRIUS ilk defa ITMA ASIA 2010da tantld ve fuarn en nemli yenilii oldu. Fuarda sunulan srm, mekanik srme gre ayarlar konusunda daha fazla esneklik sunan, elektrikli akslara sahip Elektronik Tahrik Sistemi (EDS) oldu. SIRIUS EDS modelinde bulunan bamsz motor ve invertrler tm iletim parametrelerinin bilgisayarla ayarlanabilmesini salyor. Bu yenilii salayan elektronik bilgi ve beceri, Savionun dier gelimi makinelerinde kulland bilgi birikiminden geliyor. Bu inovasyonun en nemli zellii makineni hazrlk sresini ksaltmas, tek bir makineye gereken operatr saysn azaltmas ve son olarak deiim ve ayarlarn kolay ve dorudan yaplmasn salamas. Dahas yeni sistem, ayarlarn tpk mekanik srmde olduu gibi aama aama deil, srekli olarak deitirilebilmesine imkan tanyor ve mterilerin en iyi sonular elde edebilmeleri iin tm parametre kombinasyonlarnn kullanmasn salyor.
GNDEM NEWS
Back From Shanghai

ITMA ASIA + CITME has proven once more that is the most important platform for Asian Textile Producers.
he second edition of ITMA ASIA + CITME held in Shanghai, ended
New International Exhibition Centre. Visitors were approximately 100,000 from more than 94 countries during the five days of ITMA ASIA. For ITMA ASIA + CITME 2010, Savio wanted to present itself with a booth characterized by the Chinese lantern element, proposed as a huge item suspended on the machines on display. These lanterns, born from the inspiration to pay tribute to the major world textile market, have given a very positive feedback especially for the scenic effect and the large size, making them the largest lanterns ever produced in similar events. As for the interior area of the stand, big prints on the walls tried to recreate the spinning mills atmosphere with
machines installed by Savio, giving a sense of depth and extension of space. A stand created for an emotional journey able to surprise and hit the visitors. The turnout and the positive feedback from customers and operators conferred a successful edition upon Savio. Savio visitors were mostly Chinese, but there has been an increase in the percentage of foreign visitors, confirming that not only China is a driving force for the global textile markets. In particular, have been registered Indian, Taiwanese, Thai, Korean, Pakistani, Bangladeshi operators and Asian in general, with a discrete inflows also from Turkey, the Middle East and South America. The increased participation of foreign visitors to Shanghai can be mainly attributed to a growing interest and curiosity about Chinese manufacturers, who now represent a reality always more recognized, which cannot be ignored. The opening day of the fair, June 22, was honoured by the prestigious visit of the Chinese Minister of Textile Industry, Du Wang Zhou, who was introduced to the machines on display, describing with particular emphasis the characteristics of energy saving, productivity and automation. The turnout and the positive feedback from customers and operators confer-
on June 26, has been confirmed as the most significant platform for the Asian textile manufacturing community, certifying the ongoing recovery in the key worldwide textile markets. In general, collecting impressions of exhibitors and trade associations, primarily Cematex and ACIMIT, the orders received by many companies at the exhibition confirms the sharp recovery with respect to previous levels for 2009. 1200 exhibitors from 30 different countries of origin were present at this second edition, occupying a total area of more than 100,000 square meters in the new fairgrounds "Shanghai
Many visitors attenaled the exhibition
GNDEM NEWS
red a successful edition upon Savio. Savio visitors were mostly Chinese, but there has been an increase in the percentage of foreign visitors, confirming that not only China is a driving force for the global textile markets. In particular, have been registered Indian, Taiwanese, Thai, Korean, Pakistani, Bangladeshi operators and Asian in general, with a discrete inflows also from Turkey, the Middle East and South America. The increased participation of foreign visitors to Shanghai can be mainly attributed to a growing interest and curiosity about Chinese manufacturers, who now represent a reality always more recognized, which cannot be ignored. The opening day of the fair, June 22, was honoured by the prestigious visit of the Chinese Minister of Textile Industry, Du Wang Zhou, who was introduced to the machines on display, describing with particular emphasis the characteristics of energy saving, productivity and automation. Savio ORION Shandong Customers and operators have shown considerable interest in the Savio products. The company has displayed two winders and the new two-forone twister, debuting for the first time at ITMA ASIA 2010. The automatic winder SAVIO ORION SHANDONG, manufactured in our Chinese plant "Savio (Shandong) Textile Machinery", was designed specifically for the market of Far East in search of high quality yarn with high
productivity, low energy consumption, low maintenance and low investment costs. We presented this machine with a new headstock design and a new clearing system with Leopfe Zenit X. Polar/I-Direct Link System Polar/I DLS, the automatic winder "link type" is attracting increasing interest also in the Chinese market. Polar/I - DLS has introduced a new concept in automatic link winding: ergonomics and user friendly sophistication.
US, was the real novelty of the fair, debuting as world premiere at ITMA ASIA 2010. The version displayed was the electrical axes one, Electronic Drive System (EDS), which is characterized with respect to mechanical version for the complete flexibility of settings adjustment. Sirius EDS model has independent motors and inverters that allow you to adjust all operating parameters through the interface of a PC. This innovation comes from electronic knowledge which Savio already used in other sophisticated products. The main impact of this innovation is
This innovation comes from electronic knowledge which Savio already used in other sophisticated products. The main impact of this innovation is to decrease strongly the machine set-up time
The POLAR/I DLS has a direct feeding of the ring frame bobbins and became an extension of the ring frame itself, ensuring total free flow of the materials. These features have received considerable interest from visitors, as some important segments of the Chinese market are increasingly looking for this kind of machines, because of increasing difficulties in finding workers. The big development of spinning machinery in China, has popularized the use of linked winders. Polar I/ DLS comes in a modular hiefficiency bobbin processing system, ensuring the best utilization, and can also be linked to European, Indian, Chinese and Japanese manufactures spinning frames. SIRIUS Elcetronic Drive System The new generation of twisters, SIRIto decrease strongly the machine setup time, thus reducing the number of operators for each machine, while introducing a simple and direct way to change any setting. Moreover, the new system allows to change settings continuously and not step by step, as in the mechanical version, allowing customers to try any parameters combination, in order to obtain the best results. The partnership with customers and markets is an essential added value for the development of technology in Savio products. Technological growth is achieved only if the customer needs are fully explored and evaluated.ITMA ASIA + CITME 2010 was an important moment where feedback could help us to further implement our products, thus representing an appointment that Savio could not miss.
Bir dmle Hayatlar Deiti

Kahramanmara'n Pazarck ilesine bal Salr Ky'nde alan hal kursunda dokunan "Anadolu Motifli" el hallarnn tamam ABD'ye ihra ediliyor.
ahramanmara'n Pazarck ilesine bal Salr kynde halclk kursuna devam eden gen kzlarn yapt Anadolu motifli el hallar ABD'ye ihra ediliyor. Attklar dmlerle hayat deien gen kzlar kimi eyizini yapt, kimi kardeini okuttu kimi ise evlerini yeniledi. Pazarck Halk Eitim Merkezi Mdrl tarafndan Salr kynde 2004 ylnda alan halck kursu gen kzlarn kaderini deitirdi. Kendilerine sunulan frsat deerlendirerek meslek sahibi olan gen kzlar imdi el hals dokuyarak ailelerine yardmda bulunuyor.
7 yldan bu yana kurs retmenlii yapan Aysen Uzuntok, kursun baarl bir ekilde devam ettiini belirterek, "u anda 18 gencimiz burada hem meslek reniyor hem de alarak ailelerine destek oluyor. alma artlarmz gzel ve kursiyerlerimiz ok azimli. Ben de bylesi bir ortamda retmenlik yaptm iin ok mutluyum" dedi. Hi bo vakitleri olmuyor Dokunan el hallarnn yzde 90'nnn yurt dna gnderildiini anlatan Uzuntok, yle konutu: "Kurs alrken Halk Eitim Mdrl-
zel bir irketle protokol imzalanmt. Bu protokol erevesinde burada dokunan el hallar bu irkete teslim ediliyor. Bylece gen kzlarmz hem para kazanyor hem de Salr'da yaplan bu hallarmz ABD'ye ihra edilmi oluyor. Bir kii ayda 4 ila 5 arasnda hal yapabiliyor. Kendisi de ortalama 500-600 TL para kazanyor. Hi bo vaktimiz olmuyor. Siparileri de zel irket veriyor. Hem motiflerini bize bildiriyor hem malzemeleri kendisi getiriyor. Ayrca el hallarmzn malzemeleri kk boyadan yaplyor ve rengi hi solmuyor. Orijinal motifler kullanyoruz ve yurt dn-
Pazarck Halk Eitim Merkezi Mdr erif Aknc
dan byk talep geliyor'' Her dm yeni bir hayat Gen kzlarn dm bana para aldn belirten Uzuntok, atlyede 13 adet tezgah bulunduunu ve yln 12 ay kursun devam ettiini belirtti. Meslek sahibi olan gen kzlarn byk bir hevesle altn ifade eden Uzuntok, "Para kazandklarnn farkna vardlar. Kyde ailelerin byk blm iftilik yaparak geimini salyor. Gen kzlar ise bugne kadar evde oturuyorlard. imdi ise babalarna maddi olarak ta destek oluyorlar. O yzden aileler gnl rahatl ile kzlarn kursa gnderiyorlar. yle ki zaman zaman yerimiz olmad iin kursa alamadmz kiiler oluyor. Onlar da bir yl beklemek zorunda kalyor. nallah gcmz yettiince atlyemi-
zi ayakta tutmaya alacaz. Eer tezgah says artrlrsa ok sayda kii burada el hals okuyabilir" diye konutu. Pazarck Halk Eitim Merkezi Mdr erif Aknc ise uzun zamandr devam eden kursun herkesin dikkatini ektiini ve dier blgelerde de bu tip kurslar amay planladklarn ifade etti. eyizler dzld evler alnd yldan bu yana hal kursuna devam eden Fatma, Meryem ve Zeynep Uzuntok kardeler kazandklar paralarla evlerini yeniledi. Birbirlerine destek olarak para kazanmann keyfini yaadklarn dile getiren Fatma Uzuntok, "Kardelerimle beraber ayda ortalama 1500 TL para kazanyoruz. Hayatmzdan ok mem-
nunuz. Daha nce oturduumuz ev toprakt imdi yeni betonerme bir ev yaptrdk. Evimizin eyalarn yeniledik. Hatta LCD ekran televizyon aldk. Ayrca kardelerimizle beraber eyimizi tamamladk. Byle bir frsat verildii iin herkese teekkr ediyoruz" eklinde konutu. Annesi ile birlikte hal kursuna gelen Fatma Uzuntok ise Gaziantep'te eitimlerine devam eden 3 kardeinin okuttuunu syledi. Kendisinin ilkokuldan sonra eitimine devam edemediini vurgulayan Fatma Uzuntok, "Okuyamadm iin byk bir eziklik yayordum. Ama imdi kardelerimin okumasna yardmc oluyorum. Ailemin maddi durumu iyi deildi. Annemle beraber alarak kardelerimin masraflarn karlyoruz. Bu da benim iin byk mutluluk" dedi.
Their Whole Life Changed With one Knot

A carpeting course was opened in Salr, the village of Pazarck district, Kahramanmaras. Now, all the hand-made carpets manufactured at the course with Anatolian designs are exported to the USA.
and-made carpets with Anatolian designs manufactured by teenage girls attending the carpeting course in the village of Salr, are exported to the USA. The girls, whose destiny changed by a knot, did a lot of great things with the money they earned. The carpeting course opened up in 2004 in the village of Salr by Pazarck Directorate of Public Education Center changed the destiny of girls living the village. By taking advantage of the opportunity they were offered, the girls can now support their families with the hand-made carpets they produce. Aysen Uzuntok, who has been the teacher of the course for 7 years says that the course still continues with success and adds; our 18 students acquire an occupation and support their families by working here. The working conditions are fine and our trainees are quite tenacious. I am really happy to be a teacher of such a lovely class. They do not have any free time Uzuntok mentioned that 90% of the carpets are exported and said: While the course was being opened, the Directorate of Public Education Center signed a protocol with a private company. Within the context of this protocol, the carpets woven in the course are delivered to the company. Thus, the village girls earn money and carpets woven in Salir are exported to the USA. A person can produce 4-5 carpets a month and earn 500-600TL. We do not have any free time left. The orders are given by the private tekstil teknoloji 32
company. They let us know about the designs of carpets to be produced and send us the materials to be used. Also, the content of our hand-made carpets are made of madder and the colors never fade. We use original designs. There is a huge demand from foreign countries to our carpets. A knot, a new life Young girls earn money per the knot and there are 13 looms in the atelier. Uzuntok added that the course continues for 12 months of the year. She also mentioned that the girls are ambitious and working hard; they realize that they can earn money. Most of the families in the v illage make a living from farming. Young girls were at home doing the housework until today. Now, they can financially support their families. Thus, the families send their girls to courses
with a peace of mind. There are too many girls who want to attend to the course, and due to lack of looms we cannot accept everyone who wishes to come. That is why they wait for the next year to attend. I hope we will keep the work going. If the number of looms is increased, many more girls can study carpeting in here. The president of Pazarck Public Education Center erif Aknc said that the ongoing course had taken the attention of everyone and that the neighboring districts planned to open up similar courses, as well. Furnitures bought, homes purchased Fatma, Meryem and Zeynep Uzuntoklar sisters has being attending the course for 3 years and they have renewed their homes since then. Fatma Uzuntok, who is happy to support her
family with her sisters said; we earn an average of 1,500TL a month with my sisters. We are quite contented. We used to live in a earth-sheltered home, now we reinforced it with concrete. We renewed the furniture in our homes. We even got an LCD TV. We bought everything we need for our dowry. We thank everyone for offering us such an opportunity. Fatma Uzuntok, who attends the course with her mother, said that she helped her sisters studying at school in Gaziantep. She pointed that she could not continue studying after primary school due to financial problems and said; I feel terrible about not being able to study. Now I am supporting my sisters. My family did not have the financial means to support me. I and my mother work together to cover the expenses of my sisters. This is a real bliss for me.
Suni imen Monofilamentleri Dnya Kupas Sahalarn Glendiriyor

11 Haziranda Gney Afrikadaki FIFA Dnya Kupasnn balama ddnn alnd sahalarda, suni imen monofilamentleri dnyann en byk ve nemli turnuvasnn oyun alanlarnda kullanlyor ve sahada stabilite salyor
008 ylnda gerekletirilen son Avrupa futbol ampiyonas s-
sekiz Dnya Kupas ma suni imende oynand. imenler Arsenal Londra ve FC Liverpool sahalar da dahil birok stadyumda test edildi. Dnya Kupasnda kullanlan suni imen giderek daha fazla ilgi topluyor, ancak gen yetenek Almanya yllardr suni imen zerinde antrenman yapyor. Alman futbol dernei tarafndan desteklenen bir projeyle Almanyada yaplan 1000 mini saha genlerin ve ocuklarn favorisi olmaya devam ediyor.
zel PE forml yumuak bir srtnme kuvveti salyor. zel bir profille retilen bu monofilamentler salamlk ve anm korumas konularnda en zorlu gereksinimleri karlyor. i doldurulmu lastik granller oyunculara iyi bir srtnme kuvveti salamann yan sra gereki top hareketi sunuyor. Spor alanndaki uygulamalar ve
rasnda futbol organizasyonu UEFA, Berne ve Saltzburg stadyumlarndaki suni imeni, doal imenle kaplayarak tm takmlarn ayn koullarda oynamasn salad. ki yl sonra, suni imen giderek daha fazla kabul grmeye balad. zellikle Afrika ktasndaki futbola merakl lkelerdeki sahalarda suni imen mantkl bir alternatif olmaya balad. Futbol stadyumlarnn ime suyuyla sulanmas ve su kaynaklarnn azl, ekoloji dnldnde pek de akla uygun deildi. Sonuta Nelspruit ve Polokwanedeki stadyumlar, Belikal suni imen reticisi Desso Sport
evre dzenleme piyasalar iin gelitirilen bu granller giderek tekstre monofilamentlerle ve
bantlarla deitiriliyor. Bu rnler
Bu hibrid teknoloji, yerin 20 cm altnda gmlm 20 milyon suni imen elyaf kullanarak doal imeni glendiriyor.
Alman irket Polytan, 13x20m sahalar, evre uzunluunu reklam amacyla Liga-Grass ile kaplad. En yeni Oerlikon Barmag monofilament sistemleri kullanlarak retilen yeil lifler spor fizyolojisinin gereksinimlerini karlyor ve doal imenin aksine 24 saat boyunca zerinde futbol oynanlabiliyor. stelik suni im bakm ve su gerektirmiyor. Polytan LigaGrassn st yzeyi 200um kalnlndaki tekstre monofilamentlerden tekstil teknoloji 34 oluuyor. ise Oerlikon Barmag sistemleri kullanlarak doal olarak retiliyor. Bu hibrid teknoloji, yerin 20 cm altnda gmlm 20 milyon suni imen elyaf kullanarak doal imeni glendiriyor. im kkleri monofilamentlerle birlikte byyor, tutma ve kayma gibi manevralarn istikrarn salyor. Sahadaki suni imen miktar %7 gibi yksek bir oranda olmasna ramen oyuncular doal imende oynuyormu gibi rahat hissediyorlar.
Systems tarafndan retilen Grasmaster sistemiyle donatld. Desso dnya apndaki ilk suni imen reticisi ve Belikal irket,1990l yllardan beri Oerlikon Barmag tarafndan retilen monofilament ekipmanlarn kullanarak suni imen retiyor. Sonuta, Yunanistan ve Arjantin, Fransa ve Meksika arasnda oynanan malar da dahil olmak zere
Artificial Turf Monofilaments Strengthen World Cup Pitches

Remscheid / Chemnitz, September 20th, 2010 When the whistle sounded to start the FIFA World Cup in South Africa on 11 June, artificial turf monofilaments is used to provide additional stability on some of the playing fields of the largest and most important tournament in the world.
uring the last European football championship held in 2008, the
were played on artificial turf, including the matches between Greece and Argentina, and France and Mexico. The turf was tested on pitches in stadiums including the home pitches of Arsenal London and FC Liverpool. Use of artificial turf at the World Cup is garnering a great deal of attention, yet young football talent in Germany has already been training on artificial turf for years. In a project sponsored by the German football association, 1000 mini-pitches built throughout Germany quickly became a favourite gathering place for children and teens. A German company, Polytan, the 13 x 20 m pitches were fitted with LigaGrass along with goals and perimeter advertising systems. Produced using
rass consists of textured monofilaments with a fiber thickness of 200 m. The special PE formula provides soft traction. Designed with a special profile, these monofilaments fulfil the highest requirements in terms of durability and abrasion protection. The filled-in rubber granules provide the players good traction while offering realistic ball behaviour. Still required for applications in the sports area, in the landscaping market segment these granules are increasingly being replaced by textured monofilaments or tapes both naturally also produced using Oerlikon Barmag systems. This hybrid technology strengthens natural turf with 20 million artificial
football organization UEFA had the artificial turf in the stadiums in Berne and Salzburg covered over with natural turf to ensure that all of the teams would be playing under the same conditions. Two years later, the level of acceptance for artificial turf has risen further. Particularly for the countries so enthusiastic about football on the African continent, fields with artificial turf are a sensible alternative. Watering football stadiums fields with drinking water that is frequently in scarce supply does not seem to make much sense from an ecological view point. Consequently, the South African stadiums in Nelspruit and Polokwane are fitted with the Grasmaster system produced by Desso Sport Systems, the artificial turf producer from Belgium. Desso is one of the first producers of artificial turf worldwide; since the 1990s, the Belgian company has been manufacturing artificial turf using monofilament equipment by Oerlikon Barmag. In all, eight of the World Cup matches
the very latest Oerlikon Barmag monofilament systems, the green fibers fulfil all of the requirements for the physiology of sports and unlike natural turf can support football play 24 hours a day; they also need little care and no water. turf fibers implanted 20cm deep in the ground. The grass roots grow together with the monofilaments and provide improved stability for tackling and sliding manoeuvres. Despite the enormous effect of the Structure of Artificial Turf on the Mini-Pitch At its upper surface, Polytan LigaGtekstil teknoloji 36 7% artificial turf fibers, players have the feeling they are playing on natural turf.
Tpta Panagenesi Devrimi

Biyomedikal sektr iin yepyeni bir bulu: Panagenesi Panagenesi ile fibrin yaplar kullanlarak pankreas ada hcrelerinin nakli sorunsuz hale geliyor.
edikal sektrde tekstillerin kullanm alan yllar getike giderek
manlaan talyann en nl aratrma merkezi olan STAZIONE SPERIMENTALE PER LA SETA (Deneysel pek Merkezi) ve insan dokularnn yenilenmesine odaklanan histoterapi alannda talyann en nemli medikal aratrma merkezi NiguardaCa Granda hastanesi ile ibirlii iinde alyor. Bu projeye dnya apnda tannan ve talyan aratrmac Dr. CamilloRicordinin nclnde diyabet hastalar iin tedavi yntemleri zerine deneyler gerekletiren Floridadaki Miami niversitesine bal Diyabet Aratrma Mer-
kezi de katlyor. Verilen bilgiye gre, bir donrden alnan kemik iliinin diyabetli bir hastaya yerletirilmesiyle, pankreas kk hcreleri ilk kez 2005 ylnda baarl bir ekilde nakledilmi oldu. Bu ilem Miami niversitesi Hcre Nakil Blm Bakan CamilloRicordi tarafndan Floridada gerekletirildi. Pankreas ada hcreleri gnmzde bir tr diyabet hastal iin olas bir tedavi yntemi olarak grlyor. Bu nedenle bilimsel evreler gelecekte gerekleecek klinik gelimeler asndan bu ynteme byk ilgi gsteriyor.
artyor. Bu alan, ekonomik avantajlar nedeniyle teknolojilerin nemli bir uygulama alan olma zellii tayor. Bu alanda yaplan aratrmalar ise olduka fazla Medikal/hastane sektrnn ihtiyalarn karlamak zere tasarlanan saysz tekstil tasarm fikirleri bulunuyor. Bu konuda en ilgin projelerden biri de fibrin yaps kullanarak pankreas ada hcrelerinin naklini kolaylatran PANAGENESI adl bir proje. Lombardiya Blgesi bu projeye mali destekte bulunuyor ve proje nemli bilgi ve sektr tecrbesine sahip be ayr irket tarafndan hayata geiriliyor. Bu aratrma ortaklar arasnda tekstil sektrnde bulunan talyan retici yer alyor. Bunlar; pek iplik bkme irketi olan TORCITURA DI MENAGGIO, 3D kumalarn retimi konusunda uzman irket GAETANO ROSSINI HOLDING ve Cilavegna (PV) merkezli, dar kuma teknolojileri ve makineleri reten kresel alanda nc irket COMEZ...
lk baar 2005te elde edildi Bu reticiler, tekstil sektrnde uz-
Ada hcrelerinin nakli olay Pankreas ada hcrelerinin nakliyle ilgili birok avantaj bulunuyor. Ancak yine de nakledilen hcrelerin tutunmas/kklenmesi konusunda hala zlmesi gereken sorunlar var. Gnmzde hcrelerin tutunmas srecinin iyiletirilmesi nemli bir aratrma alan olarak grlyor. Bu zamana kadar bu sorun iin nerilen stratejiler nakil blgesinde iltihaplanmay azaltan molekllerin kullanlmasn ieriyor. evreye uyumluluu, yava paralanmas ve nemli mekanik zellikleri sayesinde ipekten elde edilen bir protein olan fibrin, doku mhendisleri tarafndan biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanlmak zere aratrlyor. Gnmzde fibrin birok biimde ekillendirilebiliyor (film, elyaf, a, dokuma, membran, iplik ve snger) ve canl dokularn onarlma srecini desteklediinden, fibrinin eitli hcre trlerinin tutunma kapasitesini arttrd gzleniyor. Dahas molekler ve yzeysel zellikleri bu proteini evreye uyumlu hale getiriyor ve nakil ilemi srasnda iltihaplanma riskini azaltyor.
rl olmas iin gerekli olan pankreas ada hcrelerinin saysn azaltarak ilevlerini arttrmak. Bu yaplar kk apl tpl tekstil materyalleri olma zellii tayor. Ayn zamanda yumrulu yaplardan oluuyor (tkanm blgeler ve geni/ak blgeler arka arkaya geliyor). apraz kesitler ve boyutlu i yaplar (i aprazlama) fibrin iplik kullanlarak retiliyor. te bu tpl tekstili retmek amacyla talyan firmas COMEZ yeniliki ve elektronik, ift ine yatakl zg rme makinesi tasarlad bildiriliyor. Bu makinenin 800 mm alma eni, 20n.p.i i aral ve bamsz olarak kontrol edilebilen desenler yaratmak iin 8 rg ubuu bulunuyor. Terbiyeli rnlerin skmnde ve iplik besleyicilerde olduu gibi rg ubuklar mkemmel ve dinamik performans sunan ve konumlandrmay hassas bir ekilde gerekletiren ok ynl elektronik kumandalarla kontrol ediliyor. Bu makine zg rme teknolojisine yeni uygulama alanlar kazandryor:
- Akll tasarm, esnek iletim ve oklu tekstil yaplarnn yaratlmas konusunda ok ynl olmas. Bu makine zellikle medikal/hastane alanlarnda, teknik ve endstriyel sektrlerde kullanlan karmak materyallerin retimini gerekletirmeye uygun bulunuyor. ift ine yatakl bu makine, iki d kuman bir araya gelerek kumata iki yz oluturmasyla ve bir i yapnn eklenmesiyle elde edilen aralkl (3D) kumalar retebiliyor. ki ine yatann birbirinden uzaklatrabilmesi olasl, iki d kuma arasndaki boluun arttrlp azaltlabilmesini salyor.
ok ince iplikler ilenebiliyor Dairesel blgenin deikenliiyle, 3D tpl materyal, kuma yapsn oluturan a rgs hareketinin modifiye edilmesiyle elde ediliyor, iplik beslemesi ve her santimetreye den diki says deitirilebiliyor. pliklerin pozitif beslenmesiyle, fibrin gibi mekanik eylemlere dayankll az olan ok ince iplikler ilenebiliyor. Lombardiyada tekstil ve tp alanlarndaki mkemmel
Yeni makinenin zellikleri Panagenesinin getirdii avantajlar PANAGENESI projesinin amac, fibrin ierikli dairesel yaplar kullanarak ada hcrelerinin nakil alannda kklenmesini salamak ve bylece naklin baa- En gelimi mekanik ve elektronik teknolojilerin uygulanmas. - ok yksek hassasiyet oranyla almas. - ok eitli trde, yapda ve birleimde iplikleri ileyebilmesi.
bilgi ve beceriler bir araya gelerek tekstil endstrisi iin yeni zmler yaratyor. Bunun en iyi rnei ise saf fibrin ve ipek kumalarn biyomedikal uygulamalarda ve giysi kalitesinde kullanlmas olarak kendini ortaya koyuyor.
Panagenesi Revolution in Medicine

Panagenesi, aims to optimize the implanting of human pancreatic islands through the use of fibrin scaffold.
he use of textiles in the medical sector has been expanding conti-
mentale per la Seta (Expermental Silk Centre), one of Italys most renowned research centres specializing in the textile sector, and Milans Niguarda Ca Granda hospital, which is Italys most important medical research centre in the field of histotherapy, focusing on in vitro regeneration of hu-
rimenting with treatments for diabetes patients, headed by an Italian researcher, Dr. Camillo Ricordi. The first successful transplant of pancreatic stem cells occurred in September 2005, from the bone marrow of a deceased donor to a woman with diabetes. The procedure was performed
nuously for a number of years now, a high technology field of application whose economic viability is undisputed. Research in this area is currently extremely active, with countless ideas for innovative textiles designed to respond to the needs of the medical/hospital sector. One interesting project in course, dubbed "Panagenesi," aims to optimize the implanting of human pancreatic islands through the use of fibrin scaffold. This project is financed by the Region of Lombardy and is being developed by five different entities bringing together their respective know-how and multi-sector expertise. Among the research partners are three Italian manufacturers operating in the textile sector: Torcitura Di Menaggio- a silk yarn twisting company; Gaetano Rossini Holding- specializing in the production of 3D fabrics; and Comez, based in Cilavegna (PV), a global leader in the manufacturing of narrow fabric technology machinery. These manufacturers are partnering their efforts with the Stazione Speri-
The first successful transplant of pancreatic stem cells occurred in September 2005, from the bone marrow of a deceased donor to a woman with diabetes.
man tissue. Also involved in this project are the Diabetes Research Center of the University of Miami in Florida, a world renowned centre researching and expein Florida by Camillo Ricordi, head of the cell transplant division at the University of Miami. The transplanting of pancreatic islands currently represents one of the possible treatments for curing a type of diabetes, and is generating interest in the scientific community for the clinical successes obtained thus far and concrete prospects for future improvements. There are numerous advantages associated with the transplanting of islands with respect to that of the pancreas altogether, however a variety of issues must still be resolved, one of which is related to the difficulty of transplanted islands in taking root. Improving the process through which
islands take root today represents an important research sector, and the strategies being proposed include the use of molecules which reduce inflammation in the implant area. Fibrin, a protein extracted from silk, has been studied extensively by tissular engineering for biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, slow degradability and considerable mechanical properties. Today, fibrin can be modelled into a variety of forms (film, fibre, netting, weaves, membranes, yarns and sponges), and has demonstrated significant support and adhesion capacities for various types of cells, promoting the repairing of live tissue. Furthermore, its molecular and surface characteristics make it highly biocompatible, and its implanting causes a reduced incidence of inflammation. The goal of the PANAGENESI project is to optimize the rooting of islands in the transplant site through the use of fibrin variable circular section scaffolds, consequently reducing the number of pancreatic islands necessary for the transplants full success and prolongation of their function over time. The scaffold is essentially a tubular textile article with a small diameter, comprising a sequence of lobated
structures (choked sections alternating with broader sections), with a variable cross-section and three-dimensional type internal structure (internal criss-crossing), produced using fibrin yarns. For the manufacturing of this tubular textile, Comez has designed an innovative electronic double needle bed warp knitting machine, with a working width of 800 mm, in gauge
suited for the production of complex articles that can find applications in a variety of medical/hospital fields, and technical and industrial sectors in general. The double needle bed machine can create spaced (3D) fabrics comprising two external fabrics forming the two faces of the fabric itself, combined by an internal structure. The possibility of distancing the two
Furthermore, its molecular and surface characteristics make it highly biocompatible, and its implanting causes a reduced incidence of inflammation.
20 n.p.i. and with 8 knitting bars, for independently controlled pattern making. The knitting bars, as for the finished product take-down and yarn feeders, are controlled by versatile electronic actuators which provide excellent dynamic performance and positioning accuracy. This machine opens up new fields of application for warp knitting technology: * applying the most advanced mechanical and electronic technologies * capable of operating at a very high accuracy rate * can process yarns of various types, structure and composition * sophisticated construction design, yet flexible in its operation and versatile in the multiple textile structures it can create. This machine is especially needle beds allows for the gap between the two external fabrics to be increased or decreased. The variability of the circular section 3D tubular article is obtained by modifying the interlacing movement which constitutes the fabrics structure, varying the feeding of the yarns and number of stitches per centimetre. The positive feeding of the threads allows for the processing of very fine yarns with very little resistance to mechanical action, such as fibrin. Two points of excellence in Lombardy, the respective
know-how in the fields of textiles and medicine, are combined to create new solutions for the textile industry, specifically, fabrics in pure fibrin and silk for both biomedical applications and quality garments.
Yksek Performansl Tekstiller iin Nanoteknoloji Uygulamalar

Meltem Yanlmaz
zet Tekstil endstrisi de dier endstriler gibi nanoteknolojiden etkilenmitir. Tekstil sektrnde byk oranda karl nanoteknoloji uygulamalar vardr. Birok nanoteknoloji uygulamas ile tekstil retiminde makinalarda ve ilemlerde performans iyilemesi salanr. Tekstil sektr Dnya da en byk mteri tabanna sahip sektrdr. Aratrmalar kumalarn kir, krklk, ekme direnleri zelliklerini iyiletirmeye, scaklk kontrollu kyafet ve kokusuz i amar gelitirmeye odaklanmtr. Biomedikal ve askeri uygulamalar iin gl lif ve kumalar gelitirilmesinde byk ilerlemeler salanmtr. formansnn iyiletirilmesi ve yeni fonksiyonlara sahip akll tekstillerin gelitirilmesi. Bu yeni fonksiyonlar giyilebilir gne pilleri ve enerji depolakat yaklak 100 000 nm kalnlndadr. Nano lekte bilim mhendislik ve teknolojiyi kapsayan nanoteknoloji bu boyutta malzemeyi grntleme,
Tekstilde Nanoteknoloji
Nanolifler ve plikler
Gelimi bitim lemleri
* Tek ve ok duvarl nanoliflerin geliimi, karbon nanotp kompozit lifler * Elektrospinning yntemi ile nanolif retimi * Mekanik, kimyasal ve fonksiyonel zellikleri * Nanoteknoloji ile yzey zellikleri ve ilevsellii iyiletirilmi kumalar * Birok kimyasal bitim ilemleri ve kaplamalar
Giri Tekstil endstrisi de dier endstriler gibi nanoteknolojiden etkilenmitir. Performans iyiletirmeye yada yeni fonksiyonel tekstil malzemeleri yaratmaya ynelik nanoteknoloji aratrmalar devam etmektedir [1,2]. Nanoteknoloji, tekstil kimyasallar endstrisi, leke tutmaz, alev almaz giysiler, krmaya dayankl bitim ilemleri, nem ynetimli, anti-mikrobik, UV koruyucu, kir itici vb. kumalarn retiminde ok eitli uygulamalara sahiptir[3,4]. Muazzam teknolojik, ekonomik ve ekolojik yararlar ile nanoteknoloji ile gelitirilen malzemelerin nmzdeki on ylda trilton dolarlk endstri oluturmas beklenmektedir [5]. Nanoteknolojinin tekstil uygulamalarndaki geliimi iki koldan devam etmektedir(ekil 1): tekstil malzemesinin mevcut fonksiyonelliinin ve per-
iyiletirilmi nanolifler
ekil 1. Tekstilde nanoteknoloji gelimeleri[5]
r, sensorler, bilgi edinme ve transferi, ok ynl ve karmak bulma ve koruma, salk hizmeti, yara iyiletirme fonksitonu, kendi kendini temizleme ve tamir etme fonksiyonlardr [6]. Ulusal bilim ve teknoloji komitesi nanoboyutta bilim, mhendislik ve teknoloji alt kurulu (The national Science and Technology Councils Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology , NNCO) nanoteknolojiyi yle tanmlar: Nanoteknoloji 1-100nm arasndaki boyutlarda maddeyi anlama ve kontrol etmedir, bu olaanstlk yeni uygulamalara olanak salar. Nanometre metrenin milyarda biridir. Bir yaprak tekstil teknoloji 44
lme, modelleme ve deitirmeyi ierir. Bu boyutta malzemelerin fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik zellikleri, tek bana atomlarn, molekllern yada byk boyuttaki malzemelerin zelliinden farkldr. NanoteknolojiArGe almalar bu stn ve yeni zellikleri kullanarak gelimi malzeme, cihaz ve sistem yaratmaya yneliktir.[7]. Nanomalzemeler ilgili malzemenin geleneksel boyutundaki zelliklerinden farkl stn ve yeni zellikler gsterirler. Bu elektronlarn quantum mekanik zellikleri ve maddenin ierisindeki atomik etkileimler nanometre leindeki malzeme eitliliinde etkilidir.
Polimer sistemlerine katk malzemesi olarak inorganic nanoparacklarn katlm; geleneksel katkl malzemelerin sahip olmad ok ilevsellikli, yksek performansl polimer nanokompozitlerini oluturur. Dk oranda karbon nanotp katkl (~1%) karbon nanotp-nylon kompozitleri yksek karbon siyah katkl (~30%) karbon siyah-nylon kompozitlerinden daha iyi mekanik zellik gsterirler. ok fonksiyonel polimer nanokompozitleri sl diren, alev direnci, nem direnci, geirgenlik,yk dalm, kimyasal diren ve dier malzeme zelliklerini iyiletirir(ekil 2).Teknik yaklam nanoparacklarn seilmi polimer matrix sistemine ilavesini ierir.Nanoparacklar yzeyi su itici zellik kazanmas ve su itici polimer sistemine daha iyi dahil olmas iin ilem grm olabilir [7,8]. Nanolifler Tipik tekstil liflerinin ap 10 000 nm yada daha genitir. Tipik bir nanolifin ap 10 nm yada daha genitir. Lifli malzemelerin spesifik yzey alan lif ap ile orantldr. Nanolekli lifler mikro lekli tekstil liflerinden 1000 kat fazla spesifik yzey alanna sahiptir. Nanolifler ap 1mm yada 1000nm den daha kk olan lifler
olarak tanmlanr. Nanolifler byk oranda elektorpinning ilemi ile retilir. Bu prosesde ykl polimer eriyii yada zeltisi kk bir ineden geirilir. Ykl zelti yada eriyik topraklanm toplaycya doru hareket eder. Jetin hareketi esnasnda zc buharlar, non woven nanolif kee toplaycda birikir [9]. Nano boyutta gzeneklere ve yksek yzey alanna sahip nanolif keeler nanoboyuttaki paracklar ve mikroplar tutmasndan dolay filtre uygulamalarnda kullanlr.Nanolifler deniz ada ekstrzyon tekniiyle de retilebilir. Elektrospun nanolifler fonksiyonel bitim ilemleriyle kimyasal ve biyolojik ajanlar iin ntrleme ve doku mhendislii iin iskelet olarak kullanlabilirler [7,10]. Elektrospinning/elektrospraying ilemleri polimer zeltisi beslenmi ykl rnga ve topraklanm toplayc ile gerekletirilir(ekil 3). Sv yksek voltajl g kayna yardm ile oluturulan elektrik alana maruz kalr. Yzey gerilimi sebebiyle rnga ucunda duran ykl damla yzey gerilimini yener, konik bir ekil alr. Elektrik alan daha da arttrldnda sv jet toplaycya doru hareket eder. Dk viskoziteli zeltilerde jet yzey gerilimleri sebebiyle paralanr ve
elektrospraying ilemi gerekleir [2]. Gneolu nanokimyasallarn ylma problemini yenmek iin elektrospraying ynteminde oluan elektrostatik gleri kulland. SEM grntleri sonularn iy olduunu gstermitir. Dier taraftan elektrospraying ilemi grm kumalar iyi ya iticiliinin yannda yetersiz su iticilii gstermitir. Sonu olarak elektrospraying ilemi grecek kuman n yzey ilemi gr-
Electrospinning G kayna
Electrospray
Ykl Damlalar Ykl Lifler
Figure 3 Elektrospinning/spraying ilemleri[2]
kendi kendine Renk hasl temizleme su iticilik anma
renk deitirme
Nanolifler ve plikler
alev geciktirici
iletiim
kontroll salnm
veri depolama
enerji depolama
UV absorpsiyonu
mikrop itici
ekil 2. Nanoteknoloji ile tekstillerin kazand yeni zellikler[8].
mesi, nceden elektriklenmesi gerektii belirtilmitir [2]. ekil 4 nanoliflerin potansiyel uygulama alanlarn gstermektedir. Nanoteknolojinin tekstildeki uygulamalarndan biri de polyester, poliamid ve polipropilen gibi geleneksel liflerin nanoboyutta retilmesidir. Bu nanolifler yksek yzey alan, kk lif ap, iyi filtrasyon zellii ve yksek geirgenlik gibi stn zelliklere sahiplerdir. Bu liflerin yaygn retim metodlar elektrospinning ve iki bileenli ekstrzyondur [13]. Yksek performansl iplikler ok iyi oryante olmu karbon nanotp sralarndan retilirler. Bu iplikller stn mekanik zellik gsterirler;200 GPa mukavemet, elastik uzama 5%, TPa seviyelerinde Young modl, Kopma uzamas 20%. Uygun sl ilem sonrasnda elektrospinning ile retilen bu lifler kuman mukavemetini ve iletkenliini arttrrlar. Bu nanolifler sper
Mikrolifler
Kimyasal sentez & Nanospinning teknoloji
Nano yap/zellik lm teknolojisi & yzey nanokaplama teknolojisi
Nanolifler
Bilgi Teknolojisi
Bio teknoloji
* Biyomolekl cihazlar * hcre teknolojisi * yeni ilalar * biyosensrler * altrc, uyarc * yapay kas * gen tedavisi
evre teknolojisi
* EL ekran * Akustik malzemeler * Elekromanyetik dalga kalkanlama malzemeleri * Lif lazer * Batarya ayrc
* yksek mukavetli ve hafif malzemeler * yerli nanohibritler * evre temizleme malzemeleri * kendi kendini yenileyen malzemeler
ekil 4. Nanolif teknolojisi zerine projeler[12].
kapasitr olarak elektronik tekstil bileenlerinde kullanlrlar [5]. Bu uygulamalarn yannda boyalar, metal paracklar, metal tuzlar, polimerler elektospinning ilemi srasnda liflere katlabilirler yada yzeye kaplanabilirler[11]. Tablo 1 zellikleriyle balantl olarak nanoliflerin kullanm yerlerini gstermektedir. Nanokompozitler Polimer nanokompozitler kaplama ve bitim ilemleri iin ok ilevlilii salayan nanoparack/polimer sistemleriyle dzenlenebilir [7]. Nanoboyutta dolgu malzemelerinin balca fonksiyonlar:mekanik mukavemeti arttrma ve iletkenlik, antistatik gibi fiziksel zellikleri iyiletirmedir. Geni yzey alanlarndan dolay nanokatk malzemeleri polimer matrislerle daha iyi etkileim halindedirler. Bu dolgu malzemeleri nanoboyutta olduklarndan polimer zincirlerinin hareketlerini etkileyerek, zincir hareketliliini drrler. Bu malzemeler matriste ylesine iyi dalr ki nanoparacklar yk tama, tokluk ve srtnme direncini arttrr; nanolifler gerilmeyi polimer matristen
uzaklatrr ve kompozit liflerin mukavemetini arttrr [1,11].

Tablo 1. Nanoliflerin kullanm alanlar [12] zellikler Deiik etkileri
Literatrde en ok kullanlan nanoparacklar: montmorillonite organoclay(MMT), karbonnanolifler(CNFs), polihedral oligomerik silsesquioxane(POSS), karbonnanotupler (ok duvarl ve tek duvarl), nanosilika, nanometal oksitleri(ZnO,TiO2, Al2O3 ,etc). Toyota aratrma grubu inorganik katklayclarla hazrlanan nylon nanokompozitlerin termal ve mekanik zelliklerinde art olduunu rapor etmitir. Giannelis organik zc kullanmadan eriyik polimerle klay nanopartiklleri kartrmtr. Toshniwal, ara fazlarda oluan yksek enerjili yzeyler ve dispers boya moleklleriyle klay partiklleri arasndaki van der waals balar sebebiyle PP nanokompozitlerinin boyanabilirliinde art rapor etmitir[5]. Yapsal skl(compactness) ve yetersiz boya afinitesi se-
Kullanmlar
Yzey alan etkisi
Geleneksel liflerden 100 kat daha fazla Yksek adsorpsiyon
Adsorpsiyon Malzemeleri Biyokimyasal tehdit nleyiciler yon deitirici malzemeler
Kayma etkisi Boluk etkisi Ik etkisi
Molekllerin ak deiir ve basn kayb Hava fitresi Biyokimyasal tehdit nleyiciler azalr Ayrma malzemeleri Kk boluklar sayesinde eleme Sensrler ap grnr n dalga boyunda kk Organik EL Electronik Kat liflerin transparan renk grnts Moda malzemeleri Kutuplatrc Kaplama malzemeleri Boya Elektromanyetik dalga kalkanlama malzemeleri Yksek mukavemetli yap malzemeleri Nem tutucu malzemeler Kir tutmaz malzemeler
Yzey gerilimi etkisi Dk yzey gerilim kuvveti, su iten polimerler Alam etkisi Nanometre dzeyinde alam
Boluk etkisi boyutlu etki Kaydrma etkisi
Nanoboluklu lifler
Nonwoven tekstilin zerinde boyutlu Reklamasyon malzemesi hcre bymesi Kayma etkisinde art Kompleks malzemeler Uak Biyo kimyasal tehdit nleyici, Motor filtresi, Kazan, Hava temizleyici klimlendirici
Mikronalt malzeme Mikronalt paracklar yakalama yakalama etkisi
Hcre, canl organizma, malzeme tanma etkisi
Reklamasyon malzemesi, Tanma ve hcreye balanma iin stn biosensr yap Tailor made meddel
bebiyle boyanamaz olarak bilinen polipropilen liflerin klay nanoparacklaryla kompozitleri hazrlandnda, klay nanopartiklleri boya afinitesi yksek ksmlar oluturur ve boya tutucu alanlar yaratr [1]. Karbon nanolifler ve karbon siyah nanopartiklleri en ok kullanlan nanodolgulardandr. Karbon nanolifler yksek en boy oran sebebiyle kompozit liflerin mukavemetini arttrr. Karbon siyah nanopartikller ise srtnme direnci ve tokluu arttrr. Atrca bu malzemeler yksek kimyasal dirence ve elektriksel iletkenlie sahiptir [1]. Ekranlar, sensrler, uak malzemeleri, patlamaya dayankl battaniye ve elektromanyetik kalkanlama olas uygulama alanlarndandr [9]. Kim ve Patra almalarnn sonunda MWNT/nylon 6 nanokompozit liflerin mekanik zelliklerinin belirgin ekilde arttn belirtmilerdir. 0.5%orannda MWNT katlan %400 ekilen kompozitin mukavemet deerinde %46, modl deerinde %41 art gzlenmi ve kopma uzamas %7 orannda dmtr. Inan ve arkadalar alev geciktirici nylon6/laponit ve nalon6/mont-
Figure 6. Sol-jel ilemi[16].
morillonit nanokompozitleri hazrlamlardr. %5 orannda katlan nanoklay % 30 orannda geleneksel alev koruyucudan daha iyi sonu vermitir [7]. Hidrofobik/hidrofilik fonksiyonlu polimer matrisler ve nanopartikller kullanlarak hazrlanan nanokompozitlerin balanma zelliklerinde, slanma ve farkl fonksiyonel zelliklerinde-UV koruma, antimikrobiyellik, alev almazlk gibi iyileme gzlenmitir[14]. Tablo 2 de nanokatk malzemelerinin etkileri grlmektedir. Klay nanopartiklleri elektriksel, sl ve kimyasal dirence sahiptir ve UV n engelleme zelliine sahiptir. Klay nanopartikllerle kuvvetlendirilen kompozit lifler alev geciktirici, anti UV, antikorozif zelliklere sahiptir.%5 klay katlm ile nylon kompozit liflerin mukavemeti %40 artar [1,9,10]. ekil 5 te polimer nanokompozitlerin baz
ekil 7. Polielektrolit katl lifin enine kesiti [17]
fonksiyonel zellikleri grlmektedir. Nanokaplama Nanokaplama 100 nm den ince atomik yada molekler biriktirmeyle yaplan yzey mhendislii ilemidir. Atomik/molekler biriktirme iin birok teknik vardr: fiziksel buhar biriktirme, kimyasal buhar biriktirme, elektokaplama, lazer buharlatrma, plazma destekli kimyasal buhar biriktirme [7]. Nanobitim ilemleri Nanoteknoloji ok ynl lif kompozitleri yapmn etkilemenin yannda, yeni stn zellikli aprelerin yapmndada etkisini gsterir. Nanoapre lif yzeyinin zerinde fonksiyonel kat oluturma olarak tanmlanabilir. ok katl apre ve kaplamalarn avantajlar; iplik yapsnda yetersiz lif tutunmas nedeniyleoluan mkemmel dkmllk ve yumuak tuedir. Sentez ilemlerinde bir yntem de nanoboyutta emlsiyon oluturup tekstil malzemesine uygulamaktr. Bu apreler nanomisel, nanosol yada na-
UV koruma
su, ya, leke iticilik
nem yntemi
anti mikrobiyellik
srtnme direnci
Polimer nanokompozitler
biyokataliz
antistatik zellik
biyo uyumluluk
alev geciktirci ekil 5. Polimer nanokompozitlerle elde edilen baz tekstil fonksiyonlar[14].
elektrik iletkenlii
Tablo 2. Nano katk malzemelerinin etkileri [17] Kazandrd zellikler
Mekanik (mukavemet, modl, tokluk) Viskozitede art, ilenme gl Gaz difzyon bariyeri Boyutsal stabilite Isl snme Srtnme direnci Kimyasal diren Kuvvetlendirici Dispersiyon gl Optik problemler Karbon nanopartikllerinin siyah rengi
askeri uygulamalar, kamuflaj, grnmezlik teknolojisi vb, iin yararl olabilir. Yeni gelitirilen mikro kapslasyon teknii tekstil endstrisinde alev ve yanmay geciktirici ajanlarn tanmasnda kullanlmaktadr. Gm nanotanecikleri ieren mikrokapsller anti mikrobiyel etki salamaktadr[5]. Nanotanecikler Nanolekli doldu malzemeleri grupta toplanabilir: lif, plaka ve boyutlu dolgu malzemeleri. boyutlu inorganik nanotanecikler fonksiyonel bitim ilemleri ile, elektriksel iletkenlii, antimikrobik zellii, UV absorpsiyon davrann, mukavemeti, transparanl, liflerin kapl veya apreli kumalarn koku ntrleme karakterlerini iyiletirir. Nanotanecik sentezleme ve fabrikasyonunda iki yaklam vardr. Aadan yukar yaklamla retilen taneciklerde daha az hata daha homojen kmyasal yap elde edilir. Yukardan aa yaklamda isel gerilim, yzey hatalar ve safszlklarla karlalabilir. Nanotanecikler bitim veya kaplama ortamnda dzgn datlr ve uygun sol jel tekniiyle filmler oluturulur. Inorganik nanotanecikler latter tekniiyle aerosol ilemiyle birlikte retilebilir: alev hidrolizi(nanosilicka, titanya,alumina, zirkonyum oksit), piroliz(karbon siyah), gaz younlatrma (TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, CeO2, ZnO, ZrO2, Fe2O3,),lazer ablasyonu,vb. TiO2 veMgO nanotaneciklerinin fotokatalitik etkisi ile zararl ve tooksik kimyasallar ve biyolojik ajanlar paralanabilir. Bu tanecikler spray kaplama yada elektrostatik methodla tekstil yzeyine tutunabilir. Nanotanecikler kumaa sensor taban zellii verebilir. Nanokristalin piezoseramik tanecikler kumala birletirilirse, oluan kuma
nokapsl iinde emlsiyon oluturabilir ve tekstil yzeyine tutunabilir. Bu apreler kir tutmazlk, hidrofillik, antistatik, krmazlk zellikleri kazandrrlar [1,7]. Sol-jel ilemi Sol jel ilemi tmeyle yaplamayacak 20-40 nm arasndaki paracklar retme tekniidir.Paaracklarn n maddesi zc ierisinde zlr, genellikle alkol, sonra su daha sonrada asit yada baz eklenir(ekil 6). Karm kaplanacak yzeye uygulanr. n madde ok kk seramik tanecikleri oluturmak iin paralanr. Parack konsantrasyonu yeterince yksekse karm jelleir. Jel kurutulur, seramii sinterlemek iin yksek scaklklara klr.stenen seramik film yada lif bu ekilde oluturulur. zc ve hava kayb sebebiyle kurutma ve sinterleme ilemi sresince ekmeler oluabilir.Bu proses kir tutmazlk yada tueyi iyiletirmek iin uygulanr[10,15]. SiO2 namicrofiber silver coating braced silver coating on the fiber surface
noparacklar, apraz balayc ile birlikte matris n maddesi olarak kullanlabilir ve fonksiyonel katklayclar seramik kaplama eldesi iin kullanlr. Kuvvetlendirme, izilmezlik, antistatik, yapmazlk, UV koruma, IR absorpsiyonu, antimikrobiyel zellik istenen uygulamalarda bu yntem kullanlabilir [16]. Bitim ilemleri iin dier bir teknolojide kimyasal oksdatif biriktirme teknolojisidir. Bu yntemle iletken elektroaktif polimerler farkl tekstil ve lifler zerine biriktirilir. Sonuolarak yksek mukavemet ve sl dirente kompozit malzemeler oluur. stelik iletken elektroaktif polimerlerin yzey polimerizasyonu elektriksel direnci drerek iletkenlii 10 kat arttrr. Bu kaplamal polimerik kompozitler mikrodalga zayflatc, EMI kalkanlama, elektriksel yk datm uygulamalarnda kullanlrlar. Bu malzemeler
ekil 8. Gm kapl mikrolifin enine kesiti [16].
ekil 9. Lotus yaprann ve nano yapda yzeyin AFM yzey topografileri[16]
mekanik kuvvetleri elektrik sinyallerine dntrerek, kalp ritmi, alama gibi vcut fonksiyonlarnn grntlenmesini salayabilir [1,7]. Antimikrobiyel ve koku kontrol zellikli gm nanotanecikler iyon beam sputtering yada gm tuzu zeltisinin ktrlmesiyle elde edilebilir [7]. Gm nano tenecikler antibakteriyel zllik salarken altn nanopartiklleri molekler ligandlarn kullanmna izin verir ve evredeki biolojik kompoundlarn varl hzlca belirlenir. Platinyum ve paladyum nanopartiklleri katalitik zellikleriyle zararl gazlar ve toksik endstriyel kimyasallar paralar. Metal oksit nanotanecikler fotokatalitik , antibakteriyel aktivite ve ultraviole absorplama zelliklerine sahiptir[18]. Antimikrobiyol bitim ilemleri Gm iyonlar antimikrobiyal aktivi-
Ultraviole-koruma ZnO nano tanecikleri fiyat, beyazl, UV bloklama zellikleriyle dier nano taneciklerden daha iyi sonu vermitir. Artan yzey alan ve youn absorpsiyon zelliiyle nanoformdaki ZnO taneciklerinin UV koruma zellikleri art gstermitir[18]. Anti-statik
ekil 10. Nanotaneciklerle kaplanm yzey[20]
teye sahiptir.. Gm iyonlarnn protein molekllerine balanarak, hcresel metabolizmay durdurduuna ve mikroorganizmann bymesini durdurduuna inanlr. Toksik olmayan yaps sebebiyle bio uyuludur ve nonwoven hava ve su filtrelerinde, tbbi kyafetlerde ve dokuma kumalarda insan derisiyle direkt temas halinde kullanlabilir [18].
ekil 11. Photocatalyst [21]
Statik yk genellikle naylon polyester gibi sentetik liflerde birikir nk bu lifler ok az su absorplar. Sellozik lifler daha fazla nem ierirler. Bylece static ykleri databilirler. Yk birikmesi yaanmaz. Sentetik liflerin zayf antistatic zelliklerini gelitirmek iin nanoteknoloji kullanlmtr.
oksit, nano antimony doplanm tin oksit ve silan nanosolun sentetik liflere antistatic zellik kazandrdna karar verilmitir. TiO2, ZnO ve ATO anti static etki salamtr nk bu malzemeler iletkendir. Bu tarz malzemeler kuma zerinde birikmi static yklerin datlmasnda
silan nanosol amino ve hidroksil gruplar sayesinde havadan su ve nem absorplar anti static zellii iyiletirir. Krmazlk Kumaa krmazlk zellii salamak iin reine ve geleneksel yntemler kullanlr. Ancak reine uygulamalarnda mukavette, srtmee direncinde su alma ve boyanmada ve nefez alabilirlikte dler gzlenmektedir. Bu kstlamalar yenmek iin baz aratrmaclar nanotitanyum dioksit ve nanosilika y krmazlk zellii kazandrmak iin pamuk ve ipek liflerine uygulamlardr. Nano titanyumdioksit karboksilik asit katalizr ile UV altnda sellozla asit arasnda apraz balanma salamtr. Dier taraftan nanosilika ve maleikanhidridipek lifine krmazlk zellii kazandrmtr [19].
ekil 12. Tekstilde nano uygulama rnekleri[22].
Nano boyutta titanyumdioksit, zink
rol oynar. Dier taraftan lif zerindeki
ekil 13. Lotus effekti mekanizmas [23].
Kolay bakm Kuman kritik yzey gerilimi svnn yzey gerilimine eit yada bykse sv kuma slatr. Florokarbon organik bileii perfluorinated karbon zincirleri ierir. Florokarbonlar malzemenin yzey gerilimini drme eilimindedirler. TiO2 kaplamalar fotokatalist olarak purifikasyon,koku giderme, sterilizasyon, kir tutmaz kendi kendini temizleyen cam uygulamalarnda yksek oksidasyon kabiliyeti, toksik olmayan yaps, uzun suren stabillii ve fiyat sebebiyle byk ilgi grmektedir. Titanyum kapl pamuk kumalar fotokatalitik kendi kendini temizleme, bakteriyel aktivite, leke paralama, krmz arap ve kahve lekesini paralama zelliine sahiptir [18]. Lotus yapraklar mikro kntlar ve wax kapl yzeyi sayesinde su itici ve kir itici zelliktedir (ekil 9).Yzeyin suyla kontak as 1500 dir ve super hidrofobik olarak dnlebilir. Gerekte dzgn yzey kntlar ve dk yzey enerjisiyle bu kontak asna ulalabilir Przllk ve yzey enerjisi yzeyin slanmasn etkileyen faktrlerdir. Yzey przllnn hidrofilik yzeylerde hidroofillii hidrofobik yzeylerde hidrofobluu arttrd kantlanmtr. Nanotaneciklerin hidrofilik hidrofobik
fonksiyonel polimerlere katlmas polimerlerin zelliklerinde iyilemeye sebep olmutur(ekil 10)[14]. Alay pamuklu kumaa florokarbon bazl kimyasallarla yaplan plazma ileminin etkisini incelemitir. lem sonrasnda kuman hidrofobik zellii artm ve bus u itici zellik 5 ykamadan sonra bile deimemitir. Kontak as 1200 den buyuk olarak olulmustur. Superhidrofobik kumalar su itici zellikleriyle teknolojik uygulamalarda yer bulmulardr. Bu yzeyler byk kontak alaryla kendi kendini temizleme zelliine sahiptirler. Su itici super hidrofobik kumalar nanotaneciklerin przll ve polimerlerin hidrofobik zelliklerinin birletirilmesiyle oluturulabilir [14,16]. Fotokatalitik kendi kendini temizleyen tekstiller Nanokristalin TiO2 kaplamalar gn altnda kimyasal olarak yzeye tutunmu organik kirleticileri paralar(ekil 11) bu zelliiyle pencere camlarndan imentoya tekstil yzeylerine kadar bir ok uygulama alannda ilgi grmtr. Nano lekli titanyumdioksit yzeye tutunmu organic kirleticileri paralar bakterileri ldrr [21]. Ticarilemi rnler Nano-TexTM nanoteknolojiyi uygulayan irketlerden biridir.anti static, k-
rmazlk, leke ve ya iticilik salayan apreler, bioaktif, ila, tbbi ,gne kremi, boya tayc nanoboncuk ve stn nano teknolojiler gelitirmilerdir (Nano-Care, Nano-Pel, Nano-Touch and Nano-Press technology)[5]. Nanocare leketutmaz krmaz sv itici pamua uygulanan apredir. Nano pel sv ve leke itici, nefes alabilen kumalar. Nanodry teri uzaklatran hzl kuruyan kumalar. Nanotouch sentetik lifler iin doal lif tue ve konforu salar. Nanofresh vcut kokularn hapseder. Nano tex uygulamalar kumaa banyo ierisinde uygulanr. Kuma banyodan geerken nanotanecikler kuman lifleriyle temasa geer. Kuma krlendiinde yada stldndananotanecikler liflere yapr. Apreler kalcdr ancak kuman estetik ve mekanik zelliklerini etkilemez. Bu apreler pamuk dnda polyester ipek ve ynede uygulanr. Nanoapreli bu kumalar sv itici, leke tutmaz, krmaz ve antistatik zellikler kazanrlar [9]. Sv iticilik pamuk polyester yn ipek ve rayona uygulanr. Leke iticilik lotus yapran taklit ederek gelitirilmitir. Yapran yzeyi hidrofobiktir. Yamur damlalar yapran zerine dtnde kirlerle birlikte kayar(ekil 13). Yapran yzeyi przldr, yzeyin su emme kabiliyetini drr. Nano ilemler kuma yaprak gibi super hidrofobik yapmaya yneliktir. Bu ekilde kendi kendini temizleyen kumalar geleneksel su itici florokarbon bazl aprelerin yerini alabilir. Bu sv itici apre uygulandktan sonra kuma hem su itici hemde kendi kendini temizleme zellii kazanr (ekil 14). Kahve ya arap gibi svlar kumaa szmadan yzeyden kayarak uzaklar. Coolest Comfort Sentetikler iin 2000 ylnda gelitirildi. Hidrofobik yzeylere stn wiking
ekil 14. Lotus efekti [24].
Conferences, San Antonio, Texas - January 3 - 6, 2006 Tekstiller iin nanoteknoloji uygulamalar [6]http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf [7] William C. Smith, Smart textile coatings and lamiFonksiyonel apreler (krlmaz, leke tutmaz, antistatik kumalar) Kimyasal ve biyolojik tehditlere kar koruma nates, Woodhead publishing limited, 2010 [8]http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFullText/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-AVT-129bis///EN-AVTFonksiyonel nanolifler 129bis-05.pdf stn zelilkli nanokompozitler [9]www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/nanotechnology.html klim kontroll akll ve tbbi tekstiller Fonksiyonel tekstiller, UV koruma, koku giderme zellikli [10] V Parthasarathi, Nano technology adds value to textile finishing, The Indian Textile Journal January 2008 issue. [11] http://www.ripublication.com/ijna/ijnav3n2_5.pdf [12] Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn O. Phillips and Machiko Taekil 15. Tekstiller iin nanoteknoloji uygulamalar[5]. kigami, New Millennium Fibers, Woodhead publishing
Tekstil retim proseslerindeki uygulamalar
zellii kazandrr. lem grm kumalar teri hzla vcuttan uzaklatrr, kuru ve konforlu kalmay salar. Bu apre reineli pamua uygulanabilir. Reine pamuklu kuman krmamas iin uygulanr. Ancak reine muamelesi pamuun doal nem ekme kabiliyetini kstlar. Bu apre reineli pamuun wiking zelliklerini gelitirmek iin tasarlanmtr. Resists Static Sentetik lifler iin antistatic apredir. Bu apreli kuma sadece static yk deil kopek ty toz gibi static olarak ekici malzemeleride iter ve birok farkl kumaa uygulanabilir. Repels and Releases Stains Bu apre pamuk ve pamuk polyester karmlarna uygulanr. Sv kumala temas ettiinde yuvarlanarak uzaklar. Eer sv lifler arasna girerse patntli salnm teknolojisi svy uzaklatrr.[18,22,23,24,25]. Bugatti Nanosphere apre ile nem ynetimli ceket gelitirmitir. Nanotech gm nanotanecikli orap retmitir. Nanofiltrasyon membranlar boya atk sularnn artmnda kullanlmaktadr. Bu membranlar boyay sudan ayrarak suyun tekrar kullanlmasn salamaktadrlar.
Gl grafit nanolifler ode scaklnda byk yklere ve yksek basnca dayanabilirler. Alev geciktirici nonwoven kuma, kat ve filaman lif, kaplamalar iin klay ve deiik sellozik kkenli liflerle nanokompozitler hazrlanmaktadir [5,26]. 1997 den itibarennanotanecikler iplik lif ve kumalar kaplamada kullanlmtr. 2005 te nanoteknoloji $32 milyar dolarlk rnde yer almtr. 2012 de notaneciklerin elektronik tekstillerin ve giyilebilir elektroniklerin pazarnn $115 milyar dolar olaca tahmin edilmektedir [4, 27]. References
[1]http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf [2] Cem Gnesoglu, Dilek Kut and Mehmet Orhan, Performing the Electrospraying Process for the Application of Textile Nano Finishing Particles, Textile Research Journal, Vol 80(2): 106115, 2010 [3] http://www.fruitstree.com/article/the-role-of-nanotechnology-in-textile-chemicals-industry/ Enhancement of textile [4] Tatiana Laschuk; Jos Nascimento & Fernando Oliveira, Nanotechnologies as improvement of fashion textile design, 4th International Textile, Clothing & Design Conference Magic World of Textiles, October 05th to 08th 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia [5] Kumar Vikram Singh et al, Applications and future of nanotechnology in textiles, 2006 Beltwide Cotton
in textiles,2005. [13] Id=2402 [14] Sorna Gowri et al, Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Finishing of Textiles - a Review, Textile Research Journal, Vol 80(13): 12901306, 2010 [15]http://www.exzellenz.nrw.de/nocl/noth/clusters/highlights/nanotechnology-in-textile-finishing/?L=1 [16] ger.pdf [17]http://www.czech-in.org/enf2009/ppt/C1_Schollmeyer_Y.pdf [18] Q. Wei, Surface modification of textiles, Woolhead publishing in textiles,2009 [19] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-061.pdf [20] http://www.flickr.com/photos/basf/4837720180/ [21] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-061.pdf [22] http://www.scint.nl/docs/Smarttextilesscint.pdf [23] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-061.pdf [24] http://minatuse.eu/pdf/Nanotechnology_applications-5-_-_nanotechnology_and_textile.pdf [25] Id=2402 [26] http://www.nano.org.uk/articles/28/ [27]http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServl e t ? p r o g n o r http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Articlehttp://www.nanomat.de/pdf/nanovision-berinhttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
mal&id=ASMECP002008042940000761000001&idtype =cvips&gifs=yes&ref=no [28]http://www.sampasnano.com/nanotechnology.htm
Nanotechnology Applications for High Performance Textiles

Meltem Yanlmaz
The textile industry has already impacted by nanotechnology like other industries. There is a significant potential for profitable applications of Nano-technology in textiles. Several applications of Nano-technology can be extended to attain the performance enhancement of textile manufacturing machines & processes. The textile industry has the biggest customer base in the world.The researches have been targeted on developing improved dirt, crease and shrink resistance properties in fabrics, temperature adaptable clothing and odor-less undergarments. Several advances have also been made towards the development of strong fibers and fabrics for biomedical and military applications. Introduction The textile industry has already impacted by nanotechnology. Research involving nanotechnology to improve performances or to create unprecedented functions of textile materials are flourishing[1,2]. Nanotechnology has versatile applications in textile chemicals industry in manufacturing garments with stain resistance, flame retardant finishes, wrinkle resistance finishes, moisture management, antimicrobial qualities, UV protection, and soil release properties, etc.[3,4]. Materials are developed by nanotechnology is expected to become a trillion dollar industry in the next decade, with tremendous technological, economic and ecologic benefits[5]. The
Figure 1. The developments of nanotechnologies in textiles[5] * Development of single and multiwalled nanofibers, carbon nanotube composite fibers * Production of nano fibers using electrospinning process * Enhancement of the mechanical, chemical and functional properties of nanofibers * Nanotechnology can also improve surface properties and functionalities of fabrics * A variety of chemical finished and coatings can be developed Nanofibers and yarns Improved fabric finishing Nanotechnology in textiles
developments of nanotechnologies in textiles will have a two ways (Figure 1): increasing existing functions and performances of textile materials and developing smart and intelligent texiles with unprecedented functions. The new functions to be developed include wearable solar cell and energy storage, sensors and information acquisition and transfer, multiple and sophisticated protection and detection, health care and wound healing functions, self cleaning and repairing functions[6]. The national Science and Technology Councils Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology defines (NNCO, 2004) nanotechnology as follows: Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to tekstil teknoloji 55
100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. A nanometer is a one-billionth of a meter; a sheet of a paper is about 100000 nanometers thick. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modelling and manipulating matter at this length scale. At this level the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is directed towards understanding and creating improved materials, devices and systems that exploit these new properties.[7]. Nanomaterials demonstrate unique and novel properties different from
their corresponding bulk materials due to the fact that quantum mechanical properties of electrons and atomic interactions inside o the matter are imfluenced by nanometer scale material variations. The introduction of inorganic nanoparticles as additives into polymer systems has resulted in polymer nanocomposites exhibiting multifunctional, high performance polymer characteristics beyond what traditional filld polymeric materials possess. Mechanical properties of low loading(~1%) carbon nanotubes/nylon composites are dramatically improved over high loading(~30%) carbon black/nylon. Multifunctional polymer nanocomposites may improve their thermal resistance, flame resistance, moisture resistance, decreased permeability, charge dissipation, chemical resistance and other material properties(Figure 2). The technical approach involves the incorporation of nanoparticles into selected polymer matrix systems whereby nanoparticles may be surface treated to provide hydrophobic characteristics and enhanced inclusion into the hydrophobic polymer matrix[7,8]. Nanofibers The diameter of a typical textile fiber is 10 000 nm or larger, while the diameter of typical nanofibers is 10 nm or larger. Since the specific surface area of fibrous material is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter, nanoscale fibers have 1000 times of specific surface area increase from the micro scale textile fibers. Nanofibers can be defined as fibers with a diameter of less than 1mm or
Figure 2. The new functionalities of textiles by nanotechnology [8]. data storage energy storage UV absorption anti-microbial communications controlled release add. color changing Nanotechnology in textiles fire retardancy weter repellent color fastness self cleaning abrasion
1000nm. The majority of nanofibers are produced by the electrospinning process. In this process a charged polymer melt is extruded through a small nozzle. The charged solution is drawn toward a grounded collecting plate. As the jet of charged melt travels, the solvent evaporates, leaving a non-woven nanofiber mat on a substratum[9]. Nanofiber webs are used for filtration media to capture nanosize particles or microbes by exploiting nanosize pores together with the large surface area of nanowebs. Nanosize fibers can also be manufactured by sea island conjugate extrusion techniques. Electrospun nanofiber membranes with functional finishes can be used for neutralizing chemical biological agents or scaffolds for tissue engineering[7,10]. The electrospinning/electrospraying process (Figure 3) has a conventional configuration consisting of a charged syringe fed with polymer solution and a grounded collector plate. When a liquid (or emulsion) is subjected to an electric field of several kilovolts produced by a high-voltage power supply, the droplet at the capillary tip of
the syringe, which is kept in place by the surface tension of the liquid, is also charged and overcomes the forces of surface tension resulting in elongation of the droplet into a conical shape. Further increase in the attractive force of the electric field by means of increased voltage produces a charged jet of liquid that is channeled to the ground. When the jet breaks up into droplets as a result of surface tension in the case of low viscosity, electrospinning becomes electrospraying[2]. Gneolu et al investigated the use
Electrosp ray
data storage High Voltage P o w e r Supply Charged Fibers
Charged Drops
Grounded Plate
Figure 3 Electrospinning/spraying process[2]
of an electrospraying process for the application of commercially available nano chemicals to use the electrostatic force produced in the process to overcome the surface energy of the
hibit extraordinary mechanical proConvertional microfiber
perties, the Youngs modulus in the TPa range, tensile strength of about 200 GPa, elastic strain up to 5 %, and breaking strain about 20%. Such synthetic nano fibers that are being produced by electrospinning process can significantly enhance the strength and conductivity of the fabric after suitable heat treatment. Hence, these nano fibers and yarns can also be efficiently used as super capacitors in electronic textile components[5]. Besides these, dyes, metal particles, metal salts, polymers etc were directly incorporated into fibers during spinning or
Chemical synthesis & Nanospinning technologies
Nanostucture / property evaluation technology & Surface nanocoating technology
Nanolifler
IT Technology
EL display Phonics materials Elctromagnetic wave shielding materials Fiber laser Battery sparator
Bio technology
Biomolecule device cell technology regeneration medicine biosensor actuator artificial muscle gene therapy
Environment technology
light and high strength materials green nanohybrid environment cleaning materials Self repairing materials
Figure 4. Proposal and research projects on nanofiber technology[12].
it can be coated on the surface [11].
resulting agglomeration. SEM images showed the promising results. On the other hand, the electrosprayed fabrics gave acceptable oil repellency, along with unacceptable water repellency . It is also concluded that the electrical properties of the electrosprayed surface will be an important factor and a cotton fabric should be pre-electrified to ease the process [2]. Figure 4 shows another potential applications of nanofiber. One of the applications of nanotechnology in the textile industry is in polymeric materials for producing conventional fibres such as polyester, polyamide and polypropylene in nanoscale. Nanofibres have good properties such as high surface area, a small fibre diameter, good filtration properties and high permeability. Common production methods are electrospinning or bicomponent extrusion[13]. High-performance yarns can be produced through super-aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes. Such yarns extekstil teknoloji 58
Submicron object Catching submicron sized particles catching effect Cell, living body, Having unique structure for recognition material recognition and bond with cell effect Void effect Giving nanovoid fiber Surface tension effect Amalgamation effect Light effect Hole effect Surface area effect Slip effect Table 1. Uses of nanofibers utilizing its properties [12] Properties Varios effects Uses
Fiber surface area per weight is over1000 Adsorption material Biochemical hazard times larger than that of usual fibers preventor Very large adsorption Ion exchange materials Flow of molecules changes and pressure Air filter biochemical hazard preventor loss becomes much smaller Sieving by small holes
Separation material Sensor Organic EL Electronic paper Fashion material Polarizer Coating material Paint Electromagnetic wave shilding material High Strength structure material Humidity keeping material Fouling preventin material Reclamation material Complex material Air plane Biochemical hazar preventor, Suit Engine filter, Boiler, Air cleaner, Air conditioner Reclamation material Biotip, Biosensor Tailor made medical
Structure color appearance with transparent fiber with diameter less than wavelength Low surface tension force, water repelling of hydrophilic Amalgamation in nanometer order
Three dimensional Three dimensional growth of cells on effect non weaved textile Sliding effect Increment of sliding of materials
black nanoparticles are the most comUV protection water oil soil repellency
monly used nanofillers. Carbon nanofibers can increase the tensile strength of composite fibers due to its
moisture management
antimicrobial activity
high aspect ratio, while carbon black nanoparticles can improve their abrasion resistance and toughness. They have high chemical resistance and
abrasion stability
IT Technology
biocatalysis
electric conductivity [1]. Possible applications include screen displays, sensors, aircraft structures, explosion-
antistatic property
biocompatibility
proof blankets and electromagnetic shielding [9]. A significant improvement in mechanical properties of MWNT/nylon-6 nanocomposite fibers were reported by Kim and Patra. By adding 0.5% MWNTs, it was found that the nanocomposite fiber drawn 400% showed a 46% increase in tensile strength and 41% stiffer modulus, while the strain at break was reduced 7%. The flame retardancy of nylon-6/laponite and nylon-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites was investigated by Inan etal. For traditional flame proofing treatment of synthetic fibers, very high loading(~30% ) of flame retardant is applied, but nanocomposite fibers with low loading(~5%) of nanoclays such as MMT are found to be as effective[7]. Using hydrophobic/hydrophilic functional polymer matrices as the dispersion medium for the nanoparticles will result in polymer nanocomposites (PN) with improved bonding properties and impart desired wettability with different functional properties like ultraviolet (UV) resistance, antimicrobial and flame retardancy which are unique characteristics of different nanoparticles[14]. Table 2 shows effects of nanoadditives.
flame retardancy
electrical conductivity
Figure 5. Some possibilities of textile functionalization using polymer nanocomposites[14].
Table 1 shows uses of nanofibers utilizing its properties. Nanocomposites Polymer nanocomposites for coating and finishing can be engineered to meet multifunctional requirements by selecting a nanoparticle/polymer system[7]. The main function of nanosize fillers is to increase the mechanical strength and improve physical properties such as conductivity and antistatic. The nanofillers have a better interaction with polymer matrices due to their large surface area. The fillers can interfere with polymer chain movement and thus reduce the chain mobility due to being in the nanometer range. They can be distributed evenly in matrices so nanoparticles can carry load and increase the toughness and abrasion resistance; nanofibers can transfer stress away from polymer matrices and enhance tensile strength of composite fibers[1,11]. The most commonly used nanoparticles in literature are: montmorillonite
organoclays (MMT), carbonnanofibers (CNFs), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), carbon nanotubes (multiwall nanotubes(MWNTs) and single nanotubes (SWNTs)), nanosilica and nanometaloxides (ZnO,TiO2, Al2O3,etc). Toyota research reported nylon nanocomposite, where moderate inorganic loadings resulted in concurrent and remarkable enhancements of thermal and mechanical properties. Giannelis demonstrated the possibility of melt mixing polymers and clays without using organic solvents. Toshniwal reported that the increase in dyeability of PP nanocomposite is also due to the formation of interphase high energy surfaces and existence of van der waals forces between the disperse dye molecules and the clay particles[5]. Clay nanoparticles can introduce dye attracting sites and creating dye holding space in polypropylene fibers, known as nondyeable fiber due to its structural compactness and lack of dye attracting sites[1]. Carbon nanofibers and carbon
resistant, hydrophilic, anti static, wrinkle resistant and shrink proof abilities[1,7]. Sol-gel processing Sol-gel processing
Figure 6. Sol-gel processing[16].
is a process for
making very small particles 20 to 40nm that are virtually impossible to make by conventional grinding. A liquid precursor of the particle is dissol-
Table 2. Effects of nanoadditives [7]. Properties Improved Mechanical (tensile strengh, modulus, toughness) Gas diffusion barrier Flame retardancy Dimensional stability Thermal expansion Thermal conductivity Abrasion resistance Chemical resistance Reinforcement Drawbacks Mechanical (tensile strengh, modulus, toughness) Dispersion difficulties Optical problem
Black color from carbon nanoparticles
ved in a solvent, usually alcohol, water is added and then acid or base(Figure 6). The mixture is coated or cast. The precursor then decomposes to form the fine ceramic particles. If the
Clay nanoparticles possess electrical, heat and chemical resistance and an ability of blocking UV light. Composite fibers reinforced with clay nanoparticles exhibit flame retardant, anti UV, anti corrosive properties. The mechanical properties of nylon composite fibers withh 5% exhibits a 40% higher tensile strength, 68% greater tensile strength[1,9,10]. Nanocoating Nanocoating is a surface engineering process by atomistic or molecular deposition of less than 100 nm thin films. There are many techniques to accomplish the atomistic/molecular deposition on a given substrate: physical vapor deposition , chemical vapor deposition,electroplating, laser vaporization, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition[7].
Nanofinishing Nanotechnology not only has exerted its influence in making versatile fiber composites but also has had impact in making upgraded chemical finishes. Nanofinishing is loosely defined as forming a functional molecular layer on fiber substrate. The advantages of surface finishing/coating with various nanolayers is that the finished fabric has excellent drape characteristic and soft touch because of the lack of inter- fiber adhesion in the yarn structures. One of the trends in synthesis process is to pursue a nanoscale emulsification, through which finishes can be applied to textiles in a more throughand even manner. Finishes can be emulsified into nanomicelles, made into nanosols or wrapped in nanocapsules that can adhere to textile substrate. These finishes provide stain tekstil teknoloji 60
Figure 7. Cross section of a fiber with polyelectrolyte layers [17]
particle concentration is high enough, the mixture gels. The gel is dried, and then heated at high temperature to sinter the ceramic, giving the desired ceramic film or fibre. During this drying and sintering process, shrinkage occurs through loss of solvent and air, and this shrinkage must be carefully controlled to avoid cracking. This process can be employed for the creation of micro-rough surfaces for a dirt-repellent effect or for modification of the feel [10,15]. SiO2 nanoparticles with cross-inking compounds can be used as matrix precursor and functional additives are used to obtain ceramic coating. Reinforcing, scratch resitent, antistatic, antiadhesive, interfe-
rence colors, UV protection, IR absorption, antimicrobial properties can be obtained with this method[16]. Self assembled nanolayers The self assembly process begins by exposing a charged surface to a solution of an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte(Figure 7). The amount of adsorbed material is self limiting by the charge density of the substrate [1]. For finishing purposes, another leading technology is chemical oxidative deposition technology, which deals with the deposition of Conducting Electroactive Polymers (CEP) onto different kinds of fibers and textiles, resulting composite materials with high tensile strength and good thermal stability .Furthermore, Surface polymerization of CEP (Graft copolymerization) of polymer fibers has a potential to increase the conductivity almost 10 times by decreasing the electrical resistivity . Such coated polymeric composite materials can be used in microwave attenuation, EMI shielding, and dissipation of static electric charge. Hence, they can be useful for military applications, e.g., camouflage, stealth technology, etc. The newly developed micro encapsulation technique is being used in textile industry for flame or fire retardant (FR) agents. Microcapsules containing silver nanoparticles (Silver Cap) are also being investigated for providing anti-microbial effects[5]. Nanoparticles Nanoscale fillers can be grouped into three categories: fiber, plate like and three dmensional,3D, fillers. Nano-
microfiber silver coating braced silver coating on the fiber surface
and MgO nanoparticles can break harmful and toxic chemicals and biological agents. These nanoparticles can be preengineered to adhere textile substrates by using spray coating or electrostatic methods. Finishing with nanoparticles can convert fabrics into sensor based materials. If nanocrystalline piezoceramic particles are incorporated into fabrics, the finished fabric can convert exerted mechanical forces into electrical signals enabling the monitoring of bodily functions such as heart rhythm and pule if they are worn next to skin[1,7]. Silver nanoparticles used in antimicrobial and odor control finishes are manufactured either from ion beam sputtering of a silver target or from precipitation of a silver salt solution[7]. Deposition of silver nanopartic-
Figure 8. The cross section of silver coated microfiber[16]
particles in 3D inorganic nanoparticles for functional finishes can improve electrical conductivity, antimicrobial properties, refractive index, UV absorption behavior, strength, transparency and odor-neutralization characteristics of fibers, coated or finished fabric surfaces. There are two main approaches for the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructures. The bot-
Platinum and palladium nanoparticles impart catalytic properties such as decomposition of harmful gases or toxic industrial chemicals.
tom up approach promises obtaining nanostructures with fewer defects and more homogenous chemical structures. The top down approach is more likely to introduce internal stress, surface defects and contaminants. Nanoparticles are dispersed in finishing or coating media, and then finish or coating films are formed by a suitable sol/gel technique. Inorganic nanoparticles are manufactured by the latter technique with aerosol processes: flame hydrolysis(nanosilica, titania,alumina, zirconium oxide), pyrolysis(carbon black), gas condensation(TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, CeO2, ZnO, ZrO2, Fe2O3,), laser ablation, etc. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 tekstil teknoloji 62 Antimicrobial finishes Silver ions have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. They are believed to get bound to protein molecules, inhibiting cellular metabolism and leading to the termination of the les imparts antibacterial properties while gold nanoparticles allow the use of molecular ligands so that the presence of biological compounds in the surroundings is rapidly detected. Platinum and palladium nanoparticles impart catalytic properties such as decomposition of harmful gases or toxic industrial chemicals. Metal oxides nanoparticlespossess photocatalytic and antibacterial activity and ultraviolet absorption properties[18].
ter. Cellulosic fibres have higher moisture content to carry away static charges, so that no static charge will accumulate. As synthetic fibres provide poor anti-static properties, research work concerning the improvement of the anti-static properties of textiles by using nanotechnology were conducFigure 10. The surface of material coated with nanoparticles[20]
ted. It was determined that nano-sized titanium dioxide, zinc oxide whiskers, nano antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) and silane nanosol could impart anti-static properties to synthetic fibres. TiO2, ZnO and ATO provide antistatic effects because they are electrically conductive materials. Such material helps to effectively dissipate the static charge which is accumulated on der UV irradiation to catalyse the cross-linking reaction between the cellulose molecule and the acid. On the other hand, nano-silica was applied with maleic anhydride as a caFigure 10. The surface of material coated with nanoparticles[20]
growth of microorganisms. On account of its nontoxic nature, nanosilver is a biocompatible and can be used to reduce bacterial counts on nonwoven materials such as air and water filters, medical clothing and textile woven fabrics that come into direct contact with human skin[18]. Ultraviolet-protection finishes ZnO nanoparticles score better than other nanoparticles in terms of cost effectiveness, whiteness and UV blocking properties. The nanoform of ZnO will enhance UV blocking properties due to the increased surface area and intense absorption in the UV region[18]. Anti-static Static charge usually builds up in synthetic fibres such as nylon and polyester because they absorb little wa-
The nanoform of ZnO will enhance UV blocking properties due to the increased surface area and intense absorption in the UV region
the fabric. On the other hand, silane nanosol improves anti-static properties, as the silane gel particles on fibre absorb water and moisture in the air by amino and hydroxyl groups and bound water. Wrinkle resistance To impart wrinkle resistance to fabric, resin is commonly used in conventional methods. However, there are limitations to applying resin, including a decrease in the tensile strength of fibre, abrasion resistance, water absorbency and dyeability, as well as breathability. To overcome the limitations of using resin, some researchers employed nano-titanium dioxide and nano-silica to improve the wrinkle resistance of cotton and silk respectively. Nano-titanium dioxide was employed with carboxylic acid as a catalyst untekstil teknoloji 63 Easy care finishes If the critical surface tension of a solid fabric is greater than or equal to the surface tension of a liquid, the liquid will wet the fabric. Fluorocarbons are organic compounds consisting perfluorinated carbon chain. They tend to decrease the surface tension of the substrate. TiO2 coatings have received much attention as photocatalysts in practical applications such as environental purification, deodorization, sterilization, antifouling and self cleaning glass, owing to their high oxidizing ability, non toxicity, long term stability and low cost. Titania coated cotton textitalyst; the results showed that the application of nano-silica with maleic anhydride could successfully improve the wrinkle resistance of silk[19].
Figure 11. Photocatalyst [21]
by introducing proper roughness on a materials boundary having low surface energy .The roughness as well as surface energy are the factors that determine wettability of a surface. It was proved that increasing the surface roughness enhances both hydrophilicity of hydrophilic surfaces and hydrophobicity of hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore, addition of nanoparticles to the hydrophobic/hydrophilic functional polymers will improve the properties of the polymer with additional incorporation of the functional properties of nanoparticles(Figure 10)[14]. Alay et al. studied the effect of plasma treatment of cotton fabrics on fluorocarbon-based water-repellent finishing. It was found that the hydrophobicity of the fabric is significantly improved after plasma pretreatment and the hydrophobic character is maintained even after five washings with contact angle higher than 120. Superhydrophobic surfaces have considerable technological potential for textile applications due to their extreme water repellent properties. Finished surfaces with a high contact angle can also exhibit a self-cleaning effect. Extremely waterrepellent superhydrophobic surfaces can be produced using roughness of nanoparticles combined with hydrophobicity of polymer matFigure 12. Examples of nanoapplications in textiles[22].
rix[14,16]. micro protrusions and hydrophobic wax covering the surface(Figure 9). A surface with receding and advanced water contact angle above 150 is considered to be ultrahydrophobic. In fact, surfaces with water contact angle more than 150 can be developed Figure 9. AFM surface topography of lotus leaf and nanostructured surface[16] Photocatalytic self-cleaning textiles based on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide The nanocrystalline TiO2 coatings(Fi-
les possess significant photocatalytic self cleaning propertiees such as bactericidal activity, colourant stain decomposition and degradation of red wine and coffee stains[18]. Lotus leaves are unusually water-repellent and keep themselves spotless due to
Trkiye
notreated fabrics can be spill resistant, stain proof, wrinkle resistant and static proof[9]. Resists Spills was one of the first nanotreatments offered by Nano-Tex. It can be applied to cotton, polyester, wool, silk or rayon. Stain release was designed to mimic the natural characteristics of a plants leaves. The surface of most leaves is hydrophobic. In a rain shower, water droplets roll off the leafs surfacecarrying away contaminants(Figure 13). A leafs surface is also rough, decreasing the surFigure 13. Mechanism of lotus effect [23].
faces ability to soak up water. Like a free treatment using moisture-wicking technology; (c) stain resistance and oil repellent treatments; and (d) nanobeads to carry bioactive or anti-biological agents, drugs, pharmaceuticals, sun blocks, and even textile dyes by developing the novel nanotechnologies (Nano-Care, Nano-Pel, Nano-Touch and Nano-Press technology)[5]. Nano-Tex treatments are leafs surface, treatments have been developed to make the fabric ultrahydrophobic. Self-cleaning fibers might eventually replace conventional fluorochemical based finishes currently used to provide water repellency. After applying the Resists Spills treatment, the fabric becomes both liquid repellent and stain resistant(Figure 14). Without ever penetrating the fabric, liquids such as coffee, wine, water and salad oil bead up and roll off the fabric. Coolest Comfort Coolest Comfort was released in De-
gure 11) that can chemically break down adsorbed organic contaminants in sunlight have received much attention1 due to their potential applications ranging from window glass and cement to textiles. Self-cleaning paint is currently available in Europe, and self-cleaning window glass has made an impact, with several multinational glazing companies marketing pro-
Resists Spills was one of the first nanotreatments offered by Nano-Tex. It can be applied to cotton, polyester, wool, silk or rayon.
ducts. In recent years, some other TiO2-based self-cleaning products such as ceramics and plastics have become commercially available. The nanoscaled TiO2 contained in these products can decompose organic contaminants and kill bacteria adhering to the surfaces under UV irradiation[21]. Commercialization of nanofinishing and nanofibers in textiles One of the leading companies to implement the nano-technology is NanoTexTM. They have developed several fabric treatments such as (a) permanent anti-static treatment; (b) wrinkle applied to a fabric in a "bath." As the fabric goes through the bath, nanoparticles come in contact with the fibers of the fabric. When the fabric is cured or heated the nanoparticles spread out evenly and bond to the fibers. Treatments are permanent and do not jeopardize the aesthetic characteristics or mechanical properties of the fabric. Treatments can be applied to a number of fibers including cotton, polyester, silk and wool. A variety of enhancing characteristics can be imparted to the fabric through the application of special treatments. Natekstil teknoloji 66
Figure 14. The lotus effect [24].
barrier and into the fabric, the patented release technology frees it from the fibers during a typical home laundering cycle. Products which utilize Nano-Tex treatFigure 15. Shark-skin swimming suit[18].
lency on cotton NANO-PEL for fabric that breaths yet remains liquid and stain repellent NANO-DRY for enhanced fabrics able to move perspiration awa from the body, while drying quickly NANO-TOUCH which gives man made fabrics the feel and comfort of natural fabrics NANO FRESH capture body odor [18,22,23,24]. Perhaps one of the most widely recognized applications today is the
ments meet environmental, health and safety standards mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety & Health Administration and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. NANO-CARE for stain resistance, wrinkle resistance and liquid repel-
cember 2000. It was initially designed for synthetics. A Coolest Comfort treatment imparts superior wicking properties to a previously hydrophobic synthetic. The treated fabric pulls away perspiration from the body allowing the wearer to stay dry and comfortable. Coolest Comfort is now being applied to resin treated cotton. Resins are applied to cotton fabric to make them wrinkle free. Unfortunately, the resin treatment blocks cottons natural ability to absorb moisture. Coolest Comfort has been specially formulated to restore the natural wicking properties of resin treated cotton. Resists Static Resists Static is the first permanent anti-static treatment for synthetic fibers. Not only does it repel static, but the treatment also repels statically attractive substances such as dog hair, lint and dust. Resists Static can be applied to a variety of fabric constructions including rough textured fleece and slick suit linings. Repels and Releases Stains Repels and Releases Stains is applied to cotton and polyester/cotton blends. As the name implies, Repels and Releases Stains has a built-in dual treatment. Once liquid comes in contact with the fabric, it beads up and rolls off. If liquids get around this
Nanotechnology applications in textile fabrics
Functional finishes (wrinkle, stain and static ressitant fabrics)
Protection against chemical and biological threads
Spinning of functional nanofibers, yarns Smart and medical textiles to support climate control in garments Applications in textile manufacturing processs
Developments of nanocomposites for superior properties
Functionalized fabrics for UV protection and deodorizing properties
Active and casual dresses military combat outfil
climate control garments electronic textiles jackets, glovs etc
Applictions of nanotechnology in textiles
Camouflage and tents sports wear under garments
medical fabrics tissue engineering
composite fabrics and materials protective clothing
Figure 16. Nanotechnology applications in textile fabrics[5].
shark-skin swimming suit in which the Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps won several new world records. This suit contains a layer deposited by plasma coating to repel water molecules, designed to help the swimmer to glide through the water with minimum resistance[25]. Recently, Scholler
bility of the cellulose and it could lead to the development of a flame retardant end-products such as nonwovens, papers, filament fibers, coatings, etc [5,26]. Starting 1997, textile industry pioneers with foresight already using the nanometer particles to coat on yarns, fibre and fabric to give innovation to the industry. There was estimation that in 2007, the market for the nanometer particles application, electronic textiles and wearable electronics
rences, San Antonio, Texas - January 3 - 6, 2006 [6] http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf [7] William C. Smith, Smart textile coatings and laminates, Woodhead publishing limited, 2010 [8]http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFullText/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-AVT-129bis///EN-AVT-129bis05.pdf [9]www.techexchange.com/thelibrary/nanotechnology.html [10] V Parthasarathi, Nano technology adds value to textile finishing, The Indian Textile Journal January 2008 issue. [11] http://www.ripublication.com/ijna/ijnav3n2_5.pdf [12] Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn O. Phillips and Machiko Taki-
has developed
technology for dynamic climate control, known as soft shells, for clothings and gloves manufacturing that are extremely air-permeable, light,
A research group in Belgium is exploring the possibility of developing novel yarns by melt extruding a range of nano-additives .
and water & wind resistant. A new jacket has been developed by Bugatti with a Nanosphere finish, which has the moisture management features . Nanotech has developed socks containing nanoparticles of silver. Moreover, Nano-filtration membranes are being used successfully for the treatment of dye effluents. These grafted membranes are capable of removing dyes so that the processed water can be recycled and reused. Strong graphite nanofibers have been developed, which can support large loads and high pressure at room temperature. A research group in Belgium is exploring the possibility of developing novel yarns by melt extruding a range of nano-additives . Recently, investigators at USDA have developed a technology by which the nanocomposites can be developed by using variety of types/sources of cellulose, such as grass, kenaf, cotton fiber, cotton plant material, etc with clays, which is used as the nanofiller material . Such composites improve the thermal staRereferences
[1] http://www.landofcotton.com/fc/files/nanodev.pdf [2] Cem Gnesoglu, Dilek Kut and Mehmet Orhan, Performing the Electrospraying Process for the Application of Textile Nano Finishing Particles, Textile Research Journal, Vol 80(2): 106115, 2010 [3] http://www.fruitstree.com/article/the-role-of-nanotechnology-in-textile-chemicals-industry/ Enhancement of textile [4] Tatiana Laschuk; Jos Nascimento & Fernando Oliveira, Nanotechnologies as improvement of fashion textile design, 4th International Textile, Clothing & Design Conference Magic World of Textiles, October 05th to 08th 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia [5] Kumar Vikram Singh et al, Applications and future of nanotechnology in textiles, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Confe-
gami, New Millennium Fibers, Woodhead publishing in textiles,2005. [13] Id=2402 [14] Sorna Gowri et al, Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Finishing of Textiles - a Review, Textile Research Journal, Vol 80(13): 12901306, 2010 [15] http://www.exzellenz.nrw.de/nocl/noth/clushttp://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
had reached US$13.6 billion and projected to hit US$115 billion in 2012 [27]. The nanotechnology has incorporated into $32 billion in manufactured goods in 2005 more than twice than the previous year. In 2014, $2.6 trillion in global manufactured goods will incorporate nanotech, or about 15% of total output[4].
ters/highlights/nanotechnology-in-textile-finishing/?L=1 [16] http://www.nanomat.de/pdf/nanovision-beringer.pdf [17] http://www.czech-in.org/enf2009/ppt/C1_Schollmeyer_Y.pdf [18] Q. Wei, Surface modification of textiles, Woolhead publishing in textiles,2009 [19] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-061.pdf [20] http://www.flickr.com/photos/basf/4837720180/ [21] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-061.pdf [22] http://www.scint.nl/docs/Smarttextilesscint.pdf [23] http://www.autexrj.org/cms/zalaczone_pliki/1-06-1.pdf [24] http://minatuse.eu/pdf/Nanotechnology_applications-5-_-_nanotechnology_and_textile.pdf [25] Id=2402 [26] http://www.nano.org.uk/articles/28/ [27]http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServl e t ? p r o g = n o r m a l & i d = A S MECP002008042940000761000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes&ref=no http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?Article-
Tekstil Sanayiinde Spektrofotometrenin Kullanm ve nemi

Menderes Koyuncu Y.Y.niversitesi, Van Meslek Yksekokulu, Tekstil Program, 1. Giri
nsanolunun varlndan bu gne kadar, renk hadisesine bir kullanm arac, bir obje olarak bakmtr. Ne gzel krmz bir etek, veya ne tatl bir sar kazak deyip gemitir. lerici gr, hissedi sahipleri (empresyonistler) rengin farklln hissederek almalar yapmlardr. Hepsinin temel k noktas k sistemidir. Eski alarda Pythagoras, platon, Aristotales ve Plinius gibi yazarlar rengin doas zerinde tartmalar ve temel renklerin toprak, ate, hava ve su gibi temel elerin biimleri olduunu ileri srmlerdir. Rnesasta Leonardo Da Vinci ayn gr savurarak, sarnn rengin topraa yeil rengin suya, mavi rengin havaya, krmz rengin atee ve siyahn karanla ait olduunu yazmtr. [1] Buradan anladmz ve karma yaptmz olgu, rengin; bir yerde tabiatn ve bir anlamda da hayatn kendisi olduunu syleyebiliriz. Renklerin sistematik olarak snflandrlmas ilk olara 1666 ylnda Isaac Newton renk emberi ile balar. Newton tm renklerin beyaz k iinde atom nlar olarak ierdiini ne srmtr. Yedi temel rengi yedi gezegene ve mzikteki yedi notaya balam ve krmz, turuncu, sar, yeil, mavi, moru temel renkler olarak gstermitir. Kandinsky ise, renkler ve sesler arasnekil.1. Rengin sistemde ele aln ve rengin beyinde alglanmas
da sinestezi (duyum ikilii) ilikisini kurmutur.18.yzyldan knlamtr. 1731 ylnda J:C Le Blon boya maddesi (pigment) krmz, sar ve mavinin temel renkler olduunu bulmutur. Le Blon 1759 ylnda yaymlad renk konusundaki tezi bugnk temel renk kuramnn kaynad olmutur. Bu kuram bir ok bilim adam, sanat ve dnr tarafnda tartlmtr.Bu tartmaclardan ressam Philippe Otto runge ve air Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe iser yalnzca mavi ve sary temel renk olarak kabul etmilerdir.[2] 1756 ylnda Morris Harris a tm renkleri ieren ilk dairesel emay Natural Systen of Colours adl kitabnda yaynlamtr. 1810 ylnda Goethe bir dairesi ve geni, Runge ise tm renk, ton, pastel ve glgelerin bir arada dzenli bir biimde yer ald renk kresini tasarlamtr. 1839 ylnda Fransz kimyac Michel- Eugene Chevreul temel renk kuramn gelitirmitir. balayarak renk kuramlar bugnk anlaya ya-
larn gelitirmitir[3], [4],[5]. Renge grsel alg olarak yaklaan aratrmaclar ise temel alglanan renklerin krmz, sar, yeil, mavi olduunu ne srmlerdir. Renkler zmlendiinde renklerin z sar ya da mavi olduu, tonu parlakl, akl, koyuluunu, renk deeri (younluu) ise arl ve gc belirttiini sylemilerdir. Renkler scak ve souk renkler olmak zere ve birincil, ikincil, ncl renkler olmak zere snflandrlr. rnein, sar, krmz, turuncu scak renkler olarak tanmlanr ve alglanrken, mavi, yeil, mor souk renk olarak tanmlanr. nsan gz souk renk ayrmn daha az yapabildiinden grebildii scak renk says daha fazladr. Gelitirilmi bir renk kresinde orta izgide birincil ve ikincil renkler, merkeze doru ncl renkler, merkezde gri, kutuplarn birinde beyaz, dierinde siyah vard [5] 1.1. Renk Kavram Ve nsan Yaamnda Etkisi Renk; gze gelen bir k tesiridir. In bir materyale arpmas ve yansyan nlarn gzmzde meydana getirdii duyumlarn her birine renk denir. sistemde ele alnr. 1) Psikolojik sistem: Bu sistemde renk, beyinde uyarlanan bir duyumdur. 2) Fizyolojik sistemde renk; eitli dalga boylarndaki klarn gz retinas zerinde sinirler vastasyla meydana getirilen bir
1898de Albert H. Munsell renk ema-
olaydr. 3) Fiziksel sistemde renk; k spektrumu ile llen rakamlarla belirtilen bir olaydr. In hangi dalga uzunluunun hangi oranda bulunduu esastr. Fizikiler, rengi optik bir hayal olarak tanmlar ve fizik bakmmdan renk, titreimde k dalgalarndan ibarettir. Her renk belirli dalga boylarnda grlrler rnein krmz 700nm dalga boyunda mor 380-400nm dalga, yeil 550 nm dalga boyunda grlr[5]. Bu nedenle renk anlam sistemde ele alnr: a) Ik kayna b) Madde c) Salkl bir gz Gnmzde birok kurulu renklerin gizemli gcne inanm ve bu gc gerek rn ve gerekse de hizmet pazarlamada kullanmlardr. rnein; kasaplarn et reyonlar duvarlarnn yeil renk olmas, etin taze ve krmz grnmesini salamasndan trdr. Lokantalarn, pastanelerin turuncu, pembe ve siyah tonlarda boyanm olmas itah artraca bilindiindendir. Maazalarn dekoru ve ambalaj renkleri olmak zere bilerek veya bilmeyerek uyum yakalamaya ve rnleri belli renkler ile zdeletirmeye alarak sat artrmlardr. Birok kurulu da farknda olmadan renklerin gcn kullanmaktadr Herhangi bir al veri merkezinde bir sr rnn banda durup bir seim yaparken bilinaltmz renkler ynlendirmektedir [5]. En basit bir ekilde, ieceklerin veya yiyeceklerin zerindeki renkli ambalaj kadn karldnda, ime veya yeme isteinin kendiliinden kalkt-
grlecektir. Dnldnde, insann zekas, yetenei, zevkleri, hangi tatlardan holanaca ve hangi renklere dkn olaca daha doduunda bellidir. Deimez bunlar, ocukken ne ise bydnde de odur. Bir insan yedisinde ne ise yetmiine de odur ataszndeki gibi. Kader denilen eyde bu, biz doarken izilen snrlar. Hangi alanlarda dolaacamz daha batan bellidir. Zaten insanlar, binlerce yllardan beri bunu tartr. Hayatmzn ne kadar kader tarafndan belirlenir, ne kadar bizim tarafmzdan kendi hayatmzn aknda ne kadar sz sahibiyiz. Kaderin daha ar bastna inanyorum. rnein yetenek doduumuzdan daha fazlas olamaz. Bydmzde onu biraz gelitirebiliriz, belki kullanmay renebiliriz ama sahip olduumuz yetenei ne azaltabilir nede oaltabiliriz. Aacanz iek tohumunuzun iinde tadndan byk olamaz. Yani ocukken hangi zevklerden, renklerden holanyorsanz by-
dnzde de o kadar zevkli ve renklisiniz. Kaderin snrlarndan biridir renk. Hepimiz snrlarmzla doarz, bydke bu snrlarmz alglarz. nsan bu snrllklardan bydke biraz sklr yapamadklar iin zlr ve kadere yklenir. Zevkler ve renklerde byledir. yle eitimli insanlar grrz ki zevksizdir[6]. Belki, onun iin derler, zevkler ve renkler tartlmaz diye. nk renk bir kaderdir, doutan bellidir. Bunu iindir ki birok renkle ilgi almalarda, renk tanmndan bahsedilirken renk bir hayattr denilmektedir. 2. Spektroskopi: Spektroskopinin temelleri 1665-1666 yllarnda, bir prizmadan geirerek Krmzdan, Mora doru yedi renge ayran Newton tarafndan atlmtr. 19 yz ylnn sonu doru ngiliz fiziki James Clerk Maxwell n elektromanyetik teorisini kurarak, elektromanyetik dalgalarn varln matematiksel olarak kantlad.1888 de Alman fiziki Heinrich Hertz tarafndan deneysel olarak gsterildi. Bu almalar sonunda trikromatik renkli re prodksiyonun ve kolorimetrenin temelini ortaya koymutur[7]. Elektromanyetik spektrumundaki nlarn madde ile etkilemesinin incelenmesine spektroskopi denir. Spektroskopi ile ok bileenli karmlarn kimyasal analizi ok ksa surede ve en az hata ile yaplabilmektedir. Elektromanyetik ma ile madde arasndaki farkl etkilemelere dayanlarak geliti-
ekil 2. In prizmadan geirilmesi ile krmzdan- mora doru renk tayft
rilen spektroskopilerden bazlar; IR
(Kzl tesi) spektroskopsi, .UV-VIS (mor tesi ve grnr blge) spektroskopisi, RS (Raman) spektroskopisi, MS (Mssbauer) spektroskopisi, NMR (Nk.Mag. Res.) spekroskopisi,ESR (elektron spin rezonans) spektroskopisi, AS (auager) spektroskopisi [8] Istlarak ya da nlanarak yani fotonlarla bombardman edilerek uyarlan bir maddenin yayd nlarn analiz edilmesine yayma (emission) spektrumu, madde zerine srekli gnderilen nlardan maddeyi geebilenlerin analiz edilmesinden ise sourma (absorption) spektrumu elde edilir. te spektroskopik almalar srasnda madde tarafndan absorplanan veya yaylan nlarn dalya boylarnn belirlenmesine spektrofotometri denir[8]. 3. Tekstil Sanayinde Spektrofotometrenin Kullanm Tekstil sanayi iletmelerinde, boyahanenin ayr bir nemi vardr. Bu sanayi bir vcut gibi dnlrse, boyahane bu vcudun kalbidir. Dier niteler, buradan gelecek boyal elyafn durumuna gre retime balar. Bu nedenle boyahane de boyanacak elyafn daha nce bir reetesi hazrlanmam ise, laboratuarda istenilen renkte numune hzl bir ekilde tutturulmas ve reetesi hazrlanmas zorunludur. Bu ilem, ne kadar tecrbeli elemanlar tarafndan yaplsa da zaman almakta ok kk de olsa bazen hedef numune arasnda nans farklar olabilmektedir.
ekil 3. Spektrofotometre ile renkli elyafn L?a? b? deerlerinin lm
deerler yardmc olabilmektedir.
Kakynaklar [1] www.wikipedia.org. (01/03/ 2007) [2] www.geocities.com (01/03/2007) [3]www.muneccm. com (19/01/2009) [4] www.renkcenter.com (16/01/2009) [5] Dlen, E., 1992. Tekstil Tarihi, Marmara niv. Teknik Eitim Fak. 92/1. 458-475.stanbul. [6] Altan, A., 2007. ocukluk ve kader, Pazar Hrriyet, Hrriyet gazetesi,29 Temmuz, 2007. [7] Dlen, E., Reprodksiyon Kimyas, Marmara niv. Teknik Eitim Fak. 94/11. 47- 49. stanbul. [8] Gndz, T., 1986. Instrmental Analiz Ders kitaTablo 1. Standart numune ile hedef numunenin CIE L*a* b* uzay sisteminde L*a*b* lm deerleri b, Ankara niv. Fen Fak. Yaynlar,46 -154. Ankara. [9] Konica minolta,2004. Precse Color Communica-
Spektrofotometre cihaz ve yazlm program, yukarda belirtilen boyahane olumsuzluklarn ve alandan meydana gelebilecek hatalar minimuma indirgemektedir. Cihazn ilk nce siyah ve beyaz kalibrasyonu yaplarak sfr noktas tesit edilir. Hedef numune ekilde grld gibi cihazn numune ksmna konularak okumas yaplr ve lmn L*a* b* c*h* deerlerine ulalr. Burada L (Lightness); Aklk-Koyuluk eksenindeki noktas, a* (Green- Red axis); Yeil - krmz eksenindeki noktas, b? (Blue Yellow axis) mavi - sar eksenindeki noktas c* ( Chromaticity); parlaklk-matlk eksenindeki noktas, h*(Hue); CMC-LCH Renk uzaynda rengin asal olarak bulunduu noktay gsterir. Bu verilerden yola klarak tablo 1deki verilerde grld gibi rnek ve hedef numune arasndaki delta L, delta a ve delta b deerlerinin farkna ulalr[9].
Bu lmlerin anlam CIE L*a* b* uzay sisteminde anlam udur: delta L = 0.50 yani + deerde olduu iin hedef numune standart numune gre daha koyuda, delta a* = -2.22 hedef numune standart numune gre daha yeil ve delta b* = -3.00 hedef numune standartta gre daha mavi olduu yorumu yaplr[10], [11] 4. Sonu Spektrofotometre cihaz ve yazlm program; gzn ve beyinin ortak almas sonucu oluan rengi, saysal deerlere dkerek, rengin zel deerlendirmesini, nesnel deerlendirebilme haline getirmitir. Tekstil sanayiinde, boyahane Laboratuarnda renk tutturma ve reete hazrlama iinde alanlar, nans farklarn saysal deerlerle yani somut ifadelerle aklamak anslarna sahip olabilmektedir. Spektrofotometrenin kullanm ile hedef numunenin, CIE L*a* b* deerleri okunarak renk tutturmada bu tekstil teknoloji 74
tion [10] Koyuncu, M., Kul, A.R., Van ve Hakkari li kilimlerinde kullanlan bitkisel boyamalardan kk boya, ceviz kabuu, sumak, kzlaa, nane, ve soan kabuu ekstrakt ile boyanan atk ipliklerinin ykama haslklarnn karlatrlmas, Tekstil Teknolojileri ve Tekstil makineleri kongresi, 11-12 kasm 2005, Gaziantep, Turkey, 2005, pp.177-183. [11] Koyuncu, M., 2007. Investigation of Colorimetric Properties of Woolen Yarn Dyed with Rheum Ribes Plant Root Extract, Asian journal of chemistry. Vol.19(5) 4043-4051.
ekil 4.L?a? b? Lightness ve kromatik diyagram
Spectrophotometer of use and Importance in Textile Industry

Menderes Koyuncu Yuzuncu Yl University, Van Vocational School of Higher Education, Department of Textile
1.Introduction Mankind's existence to this day, use of color incident to a vehicle, has been regarded as an object. What a beautiful red skirt, or a yellow jersey in the history of what is sweet. Progressive point of view, leaving owners feeling (in Impressionists) were conducted by feeling the color difference. All of the main starting point is the lighting system. In ancient times, Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, and authors like Plinius debate on the nature of color and basic color of earth, fire, air and water are the basic elements of the format suggested. Leonardo Da Vinci Rnesas'ta tossing the same view, the yellow green color, the color of the ground water, the blue color, air, fire red and black belong to the darkness has written. [1] We do understand and remove the case here, the color and one location in a sense of nature and life itself seems to be The first systematic classification of color in 1666 to Isaac Newton's color circle that starts with. Newtonian atoms of all the colors in white light rays have been suggested as containing., the seven Seven basic colors notes of music and connect to the seven planets, and red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple has been shown as the main color Kandinsky, the color and tone between synesthesia (a sense of duality), current understanding of color theory in relation to the start kurmutur.18yzyldan become close In 1731 J: C. Le Blonde dye (pigment) in red, yellow and blue primary colors are found. Le Blonde, released in 1759 for a thesis about the color of today's three basic color theory that has been boiled. A lot of this theory, scientists, artists, painters and thinkers from contention by Philippe Otto Runge tartlmtr.Bu poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe isere and only the basic colors of blue and yellow were considered. [2] In 1756 Morris Harris, a first circular diagram containing all the colors of the Natural System of Colours in her book published. In 1810, a circle and triangle of Goethe, Runge all the colors, tones, and pastel shades in one color on a regular basis, where the spheres were designed. French chemist Michel-Eugene Chevreul in 1839 developed the basic color theory. In 1898, Albert H. Munsell color chart developed [3], [4], [5]. Visual perception of color as close to the perceived color of the researchers, the basic red, yellow, green, blue, they argued. Is resolved in the colors yellow or blue color is the essence of the tone of the brightness, clarity, consistency, color value (density) indicates the purity and strength were saying. Warm and cold colors to color and primary, secondary and tertiary colors to be classified. For example, yellow, red, orange, while warm colors and perception is described as blue, green, purple color is described as cold. Human eye could see, it can be less cold color separation is more than the number of hot colors. The center line of a color developed in the sphere of primary and secondary colors, tertiary colors to the center, central gray, and white on one of the poles, there was black on the other [5] 1.1. In Living Color Concept and Influence People Color, a light from the eye is affected. Shock and the reflected light rays into a material that has caused our eyes to each of the color sensations are called. In the three systems will be discussed Psychological System: This system color, a sensation in the brain is adapted. 2) Physiological system colors various wavelengths of light on the retina of the eye is an event that brought to the nerves by caused . 3)The physical system colors in the light spectrum is measured by an event specified in figures Physicists, color, optics and physics, described as a dream of my care, color, vibration consists of a light wave Each color can be seen in certain wavelengths such as violet red 380-400nm wave at a wavelength of 700nm, green is at a wavelength of 550 nm [5]. Because of these three systems are taken in color meaning: a) Light source b) Material c) A healthy eye Today, many organizations believe in the power of color, and this mysterious power of both product and service markets, both were used. For example, the butcher of the wall of the booth to be green, red meat, make it appear fresh. Restaurants, bakeries and oran-
Fig. 1. Illumination, Eye, Brain and Red is perceived.
ge, is painted in shades of pink and black are known to increase appetite Packaging colors and decor of the stores to knowingly or unknowingly, and compliance products to capture specific colors were associated with trying to increase sales. Unconsciously, many organizations are using the power of color. A lot of the product in any shopping center, standing and making a selection of our subconscious directs colors [5]. The most simple way, over drinks or food is off-colored wrapping paper, drinking or eating on the request will automatically be lifted. Given that human intelligence, talent, taste, which tastes like and what colors will be keen to be born again he is certain They do not change, what it is, as a child when he is grown. What is a man seventy-seven is the byword on that as well. This thing called destiny, we plotted limits when born Is clear from the outset in which areas we will move. People are already thousands of years to discuss it.Fate is determined by how much of our lives and how much by us in the flow of our own lives what we are up to have a say I believe that the fate of the more serious. For example,
the taste and color is such We see that educated people are so jaded [6]. Perhaps, will say to him, he will not discuss tastes and colors.Because the color is a destiny, is evident from birth. Interest for this study is that in many colors and color definitions are talking about is called a life colors. 2. Spectroscopy The foundations of spectroscopy in the years 1665-1666, through a prism of light from the red, purple towards separating into seven colors have been taken by Newton. Towards the end of 19th century British physicist James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light, the existence of electromagnetic waves to the German physicist Heinrich Hertz. 1888 mathematically as shown by the experiments. Trikromatik colored resin production at the end of this work and reveal the basis of the colorimeter [7] Spectrum of electromagnetic radiation interaction with matter is called spectroscopy to examine Spectroscopy and chemical analysis of multicomponent mixtures in a very short period of time and be done with a minimum of errors Electromagnetic radiation and matter between the different interactions based on the developed spectroscopy Some of the IR (infrared) spektroskopsi. UV-VIS (ultraviolet and visible) spectroscopy, RS (Raman) spectroscopy, MS (Mssbauer) spectroscopy, NMR (Nk.Mag. res.) Spectroscopy, ESR (electron spin resonance) spectroscopy, AS (auager) spectroscopy [8] Heating or by radiation by that fotonlarla bombarded by warnings of a substance emitted radiation to analyze emission (emission) spectrum, matter on the continuous delivery of radiation from the material passed analyzed the absorption (absorption) spectra are obtained Here is the article during the
Fig. 2 The electromagnetic Spectram.
more talent we can not be born. When we grow we can improve it slightly But perhaps we can learn to use what we have to reduce the ability of what we can multiply.Flower seeds can not be larger than you would carry in your. So what pleasures as a child, when he grows up, if you like colors are fun and colorful This is one of the fate of the border color. We are all born with our limitations we grow our borders as we perceive it. People doing this are limited grow a little tired and sad fate for not loaded
Table.1. The Values of L* a* b Color Space
the color of materail so is more slightly. a = -2.22 means that the color of material is more green as target color. b = -3.00 means that the color of material is closer to the +b axis, and so si more yellow as target color. 4. Conclusions Spectrophotometer device and software program, the eye and the color of the brain as a result of joint work, put into numerical values, the color of a special assessment, objective assessment has been made toTextile industry, dye lab and prescription preparation of color keep employees at work, the nuances of difference in numerical values that may have the chance to explain with a concrete expression Spectrophotometer b aware that the values held with the use of the target samples, a CIE L* a* b by reading color values can help
References [1] www.wikipedia.org. (01/03/ 2007) [2] www.geocities.com (01/03/2007) [3]www.muneccm.com (19/01/2009) [4]www.renkcenter.com (16/01/2009) [5] Dlen, E., 1992. Tekstil Tarihi, Marmara niv. Teknik Eitim Fak. 92/1. 458-475.stanbul. [6] Altan, A., 2007. ocukluk ve kader, Pazar Hrriyet, Hrriyet gazetesi,29 Temmuz, 2007. [7] Dlen, E., Reprodksiyon Kimyas, Marmara niv. Teknik Eitim Fak. 94/11. 47- 49. stanbul. [8] Gndz, T., 1986. Instrmental Analiz Ders kitab, Ankara niv. Fen Fak. Yaynlar,46 -154. Ankara. [9] Konica minolta,2004. Precse Color Communication [10] Koyuncu, M., Kul, A.R., Van ve Hakkari li kilimlerinde kullanlan bitkisel boyamalardan kk boya, ceviz kabuu, sumak, kzlaa, nane, ve soan kabuu ekstrakt ile boyanan atk ipliklerinin ykama haslklarnn karlatrlmas, Tekstil Teknolojileri ve Tekstil makineleri kongresi, 11-12 kasm 2005, Gaziantep, Turkey, 2005, pp.177-183. [11] Koyuncu, M., 2007. Investigation of Colorimetric Pro-
Fig.3. The L* a* b values measuring with using spectrophotometer
spectroscopic study of radiation emitted by absorplanan or dahlia called spectrophotometry to the determination of size [8]. 3. Spectrophotometer use in Industry Textile industry enterprises, the dye has a different significance This industry is considered as a body, paint shop is the heart of this body Other units, according to the state where the future production of dyed fibers begins. Therefore, to dye the fiber before the dyeing is a prescription not prepared in a laboratory and kept in the desired color in the sample to be quickly prepared and is to be prescribed This procedure, performed by experienced personnel how to take very small, even though it sometimes nuanced differences between the samples can be targeted. Spectrophotometer device and software program, the above-mentioned disadvantages of dye may occur, and employee errors are minimized The first done in black and white zero-point calibration is tesit. As shown in the target sample is placed in the reading portion of the device is value of h is reached? ? b c ? ? ?samp-
ling and measurement of L* a* b* c* h* Where Lightness variable L* Chromaticity coordinates a* and b* Figure 4, shows some of the terms used to describe differences in lightness and chroma , the terms shown in this figure indicate the direction of color difference, but unless an additional modifier is uded , they do not indicate the degree of color difference. a is the gren direction, +a is the red direction, b is the blue direction and +b is the yellow direction As snown Table 1 . The value of L* = + 0.50 which means that
Fig.4. Lightness and Chromaticity Diagram
perties of Woolen Yarn Dyed with Rheum Ribes Plant Root Extract, Asian journal of chemistry. Vol.19(5) 4043-405
Elitez Tekstil Mak. San. ve Tic. A.. Nispetiye Mah. Birlik Sok., Engin sitesi, Kalender apt./1m 1. Levent/Istanbul tel.: 0212 28304 71 (pbx) faks: 0212 2848327 elitez@eliteztekstil.com.tr
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YEARS 1884 2010
MONFORTS`un evrensel modl ramz tarz, tesisin ok ynl kullanm sahalar yannda arzu edilen btn terbiye efektleri maktadr. kumalar iin Hem iin, kiisel imkanlar hem sunrg dokuma kendini
ispatlam
SPS kumandas QUALITEX, ei benzeri olmayan TWINAIR sistemi ve bakm gerektirmeyen zincir teknii ile
MONFORTS, gnn modas gibi ok ynl ramz teknolojisi retmektedir. Ramz de yannda hem dokuma iin hem Sanfor, boyama gergisiz rg kumalar diye
E-CONTROL ve termozol
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NDEKLER / CONTENTS

DOKUMA RME WEAVING KNITTING

ELYAF PLK FIBRE YARN

Artificial Turf Monofilanets Strengthen

BOYA BASKI TERBYE DYEING PRINTING FINISHING

Kullanm ve nemi Spectrophotometer of use and Importance in Textile Industry

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