Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

VG/MVG-Level Test: MaD6NVCO08 Directions Warning: There are more than one version of the test.
90 minutes. Calculators and Formulas for the National Test in Mathematics D, and your personalized green-booklet. Test material: The test material should be handed in together with your solutions. Write your name on all sheets of paper you have in front of you. Test time Resources The test consists of a total of 7 problems, i.e.:p8-p14. Note that for most of problems short answers are not enough. They require that you write down what you do, that you explain your train of thought, that you, when necessary, draw figures. When you solve problems graphically or numerically please indicate how you have used your resources. Problems 13 and 14 are larger problem which are also graded heavily. Try all of the problems. It can be relatively easy, even towards the end of the test, to receive some points for partial solutions. A positive evaluation can be given even for unfinished solutions. Score and The maximum score is 36 points. mark levels The maximum number of points you can receive for each solution is indicated after each problem. If a problem can give 2 Pass-points and 1 Pass with distinction-point this is written (2/1). Some problems are marked with , which means that they more than other problems offer opportunities to show knowledge that can be related to the criteria for Pass with Special Distinction in Assessment Criteria 2000. The test Lower limit for the mark on the test Pass (G): 15 points from the G-Level test. Pass (G): 10 points in this test. VG Pass in the G-level-test and 20 points in this test MVG Pass in the G-level-test and 25 points in this test, and MVGquality in most of problems specially in P13 and P14. 8a G VG MVG G VG MVG 2 2 4 3 M1 M5 3 2 M5 2 M5 M1- M1 8b 8c 9 10a 10b 11 12 1 3 13 2 4 M1M5 5 M1M5 14 Sum 3 33

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

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8. Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. x n y = A (B + C cos ax ) + D . a. y = ln(cos x) b.

c.

First show that the derivative of f ( x ) = a x is f ( x ) = a x ln a . Then differentiate y = a x ln (ax )

2

[0/2] [0/2] [0/4]

Suggested solutions: n 1 a. Answer: y = A C a n sin ax (B + C cos ax ) dy dy dz Use the chain rule and f ( x ) = A sin (a x ) f ( x ) = A a cos(a x ) = dx dz dx Change of variable z B + C cos ax

dz = a cos ax ; dx

dy n n n 1 y = A (B + C cos ax ) + D = A z + D dz = A n z z B + C cos ax dz = C a sin ax dx dy dy dz n 1 y = = = (A n z n1 ) ( C a sin ax ) = A C a n sin ax (B + C cos ax ) dx dz dx n 1 Answer: y = A C a n sin ax (B + C cos ax ) b. Answer: y = ln(cos x) y = tan x y = ln(cos x) Change of variable: z cos x dy 1 y = ln( z ) dz = z dy dy dz 1 sin x = = ( sin x ) = = tan x dx dz dx z cos x z cos x dz = sin x dx dy dy dz Using: and f ( x ) = A cos(a x ) f (x ) = A a sin (a x ) ; = dx dz dx A f ( x ) = A ln x f (x ) = x 2 2 2 1 c. Answer: y = a x ln (ax ) y = 2 x ln a a x ln (ax ) + a x x x x To show that the derivative of f ( x ) = a is f ( x ) = ln a a , we may rewrite f ( x ) = a x as f ( x ) = a x e kx and then calculate k : f (x ) = a x e kx ln a x = ln e kx x ln a = kx ln e = kx ln a = k f (x ) = a x = e x ln a f ( x ) = a x = e x ln a f (x ) = ln a e x ln a = ln a a x QED Change of variable: z ax

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

g ( x ) = ln (ax ) dg 1 1 1 dg dg dz dg 1 = = = a = a = g ( z ) = ln z dz z dx dz dx dx z ax x dz z ax dx = a
2 h ( x ) = a x 2 du dh dh du 2 = 2x = = a u ln a 2 x = 2 x ln a a x u x dx dx du dx dh u u h(u ) = a du = a ln a x2 y = a ln (ax ) = h( x ) g ( x ) x2 x2 x2 x2 1 h( x ) = a h( x ) = 2 x ln a a y = h g + h g = 2 x ln a a ln (ax ) + a x 1 g ( x ) = ln (ax ) g ( x ) = x 2 2 1 Answer: y = 2 x ln a a x ln (ax ) + a x x
cos(x + h ) cos( x h ) 9. Find the limit value of lim . Interpret your results. You may use h 0 2h sin (h ) lim [0/3/M1-M5] = 1. h 0 h
Suggested solutions: cos( x + h ) cos( x h ) cos x cos(h ) sin x sin (h ) (cos x cos(h ) + sin x sin (h )) lim = lim h 0 h 0 2h 2h cos x cos(h ) sin x sin (h ) cos x cos(h ) sin x sin (h ) = lim h 0 2h / 2 sin x sin (h ) sin (h ) = lim = sin x lim = sin x 1 = sin x h 0 h 0 / 2h h cos(x + h ) cos( x h ) Answer: lim = sin x h 0 2h cos(x + h ) cos( x h ) Due to the fact that lim is the definition of the h 0 2h derivative of the function cos x , we found that the derivative of cos x is d cos x cos( x + h ) cos( x h ) = lim sin x . i.e.: Answer: = sin x h 0 dx 2h

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10. The function f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 is given [0/3] a) Find the largest possible slope of a tangent to the curve f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 . [0/2/M1-M5] b) Find the equation of such a tangent. Suggested solutions: a) The slope of a tangent to a curve is equal to the value of the derivative of the function at the point, i.e. k = f (a ) where k is the slope of the tangent, and a is the x-coordinate of the point where the tangent is tangent to the curve. f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 f ( x ) = 3 2 sin 2 x k = f (x ) = 6 sin 2 x . The largest value of k = f (x ) = 6 sin 2 x is kmax = f max = 6 .
Answer: The largest possible slope of a tangent to the curve f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 is kmax = 6 . b) The largest value of k = f (x ) = 6 sin 2 x is kmax = f max = 6 and it occurs at a point where sin 2 x = 1 .

3 3 + n.2 x = + n. n N 2 4 3 One such a tangent occurs at x = , where the tangent and the 4 function share the point, i.e. 3 3 f 4 = 3 cos 2 4 + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5 f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 9 m =5 2 y = 6x + m y 3 = 6 3 + m = 9 + m 4 2 4
sin 2 x = 1 2 x = sin 1 ( 1) 2 x =

The equation of a tangent with largest possible slope is y = 6 x + 5 4.5 . 3 7 The next such a tangent is made at x = + = rad . 4 4 7 7 f 4 = 3 cos 2 4 + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5 f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5 y = 6 x + 5 10.5 y = 6x + m y 7 = 6 7 + m = 10.5 + m 4 4
10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -1,57

y = 6 x + 5 4.5

y = 6 x + 5 10.5

f ( x ) = 3 cos 2 x + 5

0,00

1,57 x rad

3,14

4,71

6,28

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NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

11. The graph of the function y = cos x intersects the lines y = k at four points in the interval 0 x 2 radian . Find the sum s = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 . Give the answer in radian. [0/2/M1-M5] Suggested Solutions: x1 x2 x3 x4 y
Answer: s = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 4 radian Using the properties of the unit circle and the fact that cos(2 ) = cos( ) = cos = k x4 = 2 x1 , cos( ) = cos x2 = x1 cos( + ) = cos x3 = + x1 we may conclude that: s = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = x1 + x1 + + x1 + 2 x1 = 4

Q ( x, y )

P ( x, y )

x
R ( x, y ) S

( x,

y)

1,5

y = cos x

y=k
0,5

x2

x3

x1
-0,5

x4
y = k

-1,5 0,00 0,52 1,05 1,57 2,09 2,62 3,14 3,67 4,19 4,71 5,24 5,76 6,28 x

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

12. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve of the function f ( x ) = sin x 2 x at the point ( ; 2 ) . [1/3]
Suggested solutions: Answer: The equation of the tangent to the curve of the function f ( x ) = sin x 2 x at the point ( ; 2 ) is: y = 3x + . The tangent y = kx + m to the curve of the function f ( x ) at the point ( ; 2 ) , and the function f (x ) = sin x 2 x share two important properties: y ( ) = f ( ) = 2 k = f ( ) f ( x ) = sin x 2 x f (x ) = cos x 2 k = f ( ) = cos 2 = 1 2 = 3 k = 3 y = 3 x + m 3 + m = 2 m = 2 + 3 m = y = 3x + y ( ) = 2 Answer: The equation of the tangent to the curve of the function f ( x ) = sin x 2 x at the point ( ; 2 ) is: y = 3x + .

10,0

y = 3 x +
5,0 0,0 f(x), y(x) -5,0 -10,0 -15,0 -20,0 -3,14

f ( x ) = sin x 2 x

-1,57

0,00

1,57 x rad

3,14

4,71

6,28

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

When assessing your work with the problems13 and 14 your teacher will take into consideration M1: How close you come to a general solution M2: How well you justify your conclusions M3: How well you carry out your calculations M5: How well you present your work M5: How well you use mathematical language

13. You are going to study the function y = A cos x + B . Show that ymax = 5 ymin is always 2 [2/4/M1, M2, M3, M5] true if A = B , where B is a positive number. 3 You may choose to solve the problem in general without going through the following steps which is time-consuming. Otherwise you may follow the following steps (lengthy but possible!): a. Show that the maximum value of the function is five times as large as functions minimum value when A = 2 and B = 3 [1/0] B = 1.8 . Find A if ymax = 5 ymin . b. Let [0/1] Let A = 4 . Find B if ymax = 5 ymin . [1/1] c. 2 d. Show that ymax = 5 ymin is always true if A = B . [0/2/M1, M2, M3, M5] 3 Suggested solutions: General method: y = A sin x y = A cos x + B A sin x = 0 x = n n N y = 0 y = A cos(2n ) = A < 0 y = A sin x y = A cos x n N y = A cos((2n + 1) ) = A Therefore, if A > 0 : y = A cos(2n ) = A < 0 y has a local maximum at x = 2n n N y = A cos((2n + 1) ) = A > 0 y has a local minimum at x = (2n + 1)

The function y = A cos x + B has a local maximum at x = 2n n N . The maximum value of the function at this point is ymax = A cos(2n ) + B = A + B . The function has a local minimum at x = (2n + 1) n N . The minimum value of the function at this point is ymin = A cos((2n + 1) ) + B = A + B . ymax = 5 ymin If ymax = A + B A + B = 5 ( A + B ) A + B = 5 A + 5 B A + 5 A = 5 B B y = A + B min

6 A = 4B 3 A = 2B A =

2 B 3

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

Answer: For all positive values of A =

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

2 B , the maximum value of the 3 function is five times as large as its minimum value: ymax = 5 ymin .
QED

If A < 0 : y = A cos(2n ) = A > 0 y has a minimum at x = 2n y = A cos((2n + 1) ) = A > 0 y has a maximum at x = (2n + 1)

n N

The function y = A cos x + B has a minimum at x = 2n n N . The minimum value of the function at this point is ymin = A cos(2n ) + B = A + B . The function has a maximum at x = (2n + 1) n N . The maximum value of the function at this point is ymax = A cos((2n + 1) ) + B = A + B .
ymax = 5 ymin If ymax = A + B A + B = 5 ( A + B ) A + B = 5 A + 5 B A 5 A = 5 B B y = A + B min

2 2 6 A = 4 B 3 A = 2 B A = B A = B 3 3 2 Answer: For all negative values of A = B , the maximum value of 3 the function is five times as large as its minimum value: ymax = 5 ymin .

QED Alternative General method (for full points): 2 y = A cos x + B ; A = B 3 2 2 If both A and B are positive: A = B A = B . 3 3 Due to the fact that cosine is a bounded function 1 cos x 1 , its maximum value is one and its minimum value is minus one. Therefore, the local maximum and local minimum values of the function y = A cos x + B are: 2 5 ymax = A + B = 3 B + B = 3 B 5 1 2 1 QED ymin = A + B = B + B = B ymax = B = 5 B = 5 ymin ymax = 5 ymin 3 3 3 3 2 A = 3 B 2 Answer: For all positive values of A = B , the maximum value of the 3 function is five times as large as its minimum value: ymax = 5 ymin . QED

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2 2 B A = B. 3 3 Due to the fact that cosine is a bounded function 1 cos x 1 , its maximum value is one and its minimum value is minus one. Therefore, the local maximum and local minimum values of the function y = A cos x + B are: 2 5 ymax = A + B = 3 B + B = 3 B 2 1 5 1 QED ymin = A + B = B + B = B ymax = B = 5 B = 5 ymin ymax = 5 ymin 3 3 3 3 2 A = 3 B 2 Answer: For all negative values of A = B , the maximum value of 3 the function is five times as large as its minimum value: ymax = 5 ymin .
If A is negative but B is positive: A = QED Alternative (step by step method) solutions: y = A sin x + B ymax = 2 + 3 = 5 a. A = 2 y = 2 sin x + 3 ymax = 5 ymin ymin = 2 + 3 = 1 B = 3
y = A sin x + B ymax = A + 1.8 y = 5 y max min ymin = A + 1.8 B = 1.8 y = 2y min max A = ? A = 1.2 A 1.2 2 Note that = = B 1.8 3 B = 1.8

[1/0]

b.

A + 1.8 = 5 ( A + 1.8) A + 1.8 = 5 A + 9 7.2 A + 5 A = 9 1.8 6 A = 7.2 A = 6 A = 1.2 A= 2 B ymax = 5 ymin 3

[0/1]

y = A sin x + B 4 + B = 20 + 5 B ymax = 4 + B y = 5 y 4 + 20 = 5 B B max min c. ymin = 4 + B 4 + B = 5( 4 + B ) 4 B = 24 A = 4 B = 6 B = ? A = 4 A 4 2 2 Note that = = A = B ymax = 5 ymin [1/1] B 6 3 3 B = 6 The rest is as the General method presented at the beginning of the solution.

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

MVG-Quality

In solving the problem number 13, the student shows in general the highest MVG quality by

Formulates and develops the problem, uses general methods with problem solving.

Developing the problem in general and showing: A =

M1

2 B ymax = 5 ymin . 3

The student finds y , solves y = 0 and uses the required x _ y _ y (or/and y" ) table to find the maximum and minimum value of the function. The student studies both A > 0 and A < 0 cases. Alternative: Uses the fact that cosine is a bounded function. Shows

A=
Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable. Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning.

2 B ymax = 5 ymin . 3
M2

Analyses and interpret the table

x _ y _ y (or/and y" ) for both

A > 0 and A < 0 cases.

Finds y , solves y = 0 and uses the required x _ y _ y (or/and y" ) table to find the maximum and minimum value of the function. Alternative: Uses the fact that cosine is a bounded function to find the maximum and minimum value of the function.

M3

The presentation is structured, and

The presentation is structured, and

M5

mathematical language is correct. It is mathematical language is correct. It is easy to follow the solution. easy to follow the solution.

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NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

14. Investigate how number of zeroes of the function y = a sin x + b sin 2 x a 0, b 0, a , b varies depending on the chosen values of constants a and b . [0/5/M1,M2,M3, M5] Suggested solutions: y = a sin x + b sin 2 x a 0, b 0, a , b We may use Double Angle Identities: sin (2 ) = 2 sin ( )cos ( ) a sin x + b sin 2 x = 0 a sin x + 2b sin x cos x = 0 sin x (a + 2b cos x ) = 0 sin x = 0 x = 0 + n 180 n N x1 = 0, x2 = 180, x3 = 360 [0/1] a a + 2b cos x = 0 2b cos x = a cos x = 2b

a 1 x3 = cos 2b + n 360 if a < 2b Two sol. in 0 x 360 a 1 x = 360 cos + n 360 4 2b if a = 2b x = cos 1 ( 1) x = 180 + n 360 One sol. in 0 x 360 if a = 2b x = cos 1 (1) x = 0 + n 360 Two sol. in 0 x 360 if a > 2b No extra solutions
[0/2] Answer: If a < 2b , i.e. if 2b < a < 2b , the function y = a sin x + b sin 2 x has five different solutions in the interval 0 x 360 They are a a x1 = 0, x2 = 180, x3 = 360 , x3 = cos 1 , and x4 = 360 sin 1 2b 2b [0/1] If a 2 b , the function y = a sin x + b sin 2 x has three different solutions in the interval 0 x 360 They are x1 = 0, x2 = 180, x3 = 360 . Note that the solutions to x = cos 1 ( 1) as

well as x = cos 1 (1) are identical to solution(s) of x = sin 1 (0) . No extra solutions! [0/1]
10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 -2,0 -4,0 -6,0 -8,0 -10,0 0 36 72 108 144 180 216 252 288 324 360

y = 4 sin x + 7 sin 2 x

As illustrated in the figure the function y = 4 sin x + 7 sin 2 x has 5 zeroes in the interval 0 x 360 . They are x = 0, 107, 180, 253, 360 . Note that the case illustrates that of a < 2b

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

As illustrated in the figure the function y = 6 sin x + 3 sin 2 x has 3 zeroes in the interval 0 x 360 . They are x = 0, 180, 360 . Note that the case illustrates that of a = 2b

8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 -2,0 -4,0 -6,0 -8,0 0 36 72 y

y = 6 sin x + 3 sin 2 x

108

144

180

216

252

288

324

360

x [degrees]
As illustrated in the figure the function y = 5 sin x + sin 2 x has 3 zeroes in the interval 0 x 360 . They are x = 0, 180, 360 :

6,0 4,0 2,0 0,0 -2,0 -4,0 -6,0 0 36 72 y

y = 5 sin x + sin 2 x

108

144

180

216

252

288

324

360

x [degrees]
Note that number of solutions is reduced by one in all cases if the interval is taken to be instead 0 x < 360 . This obviously removes the last solution x = 360 .
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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

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MVG-Quality

The student shows in general thr highest MVG quality if he/she:

Formulates and develops the problem, uses general methods with problem solving.

Investigates and analytically shows that the equation has

M1

five different solutions in the in the

interval 0 x 360 if 2b < a < 2b .

three different solutions in the in

the interval 0 x 360 if a 2b or
a 2b

Analyses and interprets the results, concludes and evaluates if they are reasonable.

Analyses and interprets solutions of

sin x (a + 2b cos x ) = 0

M2

Depending on the various values of the constants a and b .

Carries out mathematical proof, or analyses mathematical reasoning.

Analyses why the equation

a + 2b cos x = 0 does not have any

M3

solution if a > 2b and a < 2b . This is due to the fact that 1 cos x 1 The presentation is structured, and The presentation is structured, and M5

mathematical language is correct. It is mathematical language is correct. It is easy to follow the solution. easy to follow the solution.

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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

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MA1204 - Mathematics D Goals that pupils should have attained on completion of the course. Pupils should: 1: be able to independently analyse, implement and report, orally and in writing, a more comprehensive task where knowledge from different areas of mathematics is used. 4-5: be able to formulate, analyse and solve mathematical problems of importance for applications and their selected study orientations with an in-depth knowledge of concepts and methods learned in earlier courses Trigonometry (T): T1: be able to use a circle to define trigonometric concepts, show trigonometric relationships and provide complete solutions for simple trigonometric equations, as well as be able to use these in solving problems T2: be able to draw graphs of trigonometric functions, as well as use these functions as models for real periodic processes T3: be able to derive and use formulae which are needed to transform simple trigonometric expressions, and solve trigonometric equations T4: be able to calculate the sides and angles of a triangle Differential and Integral Calculus (D): D5: be able to explain the rules for derivatives and be able themselves to derive these for trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions, compound functions, product and quotients of functions, as well as be able to apply these rules in solving problems D6: be able to use derivatives of second order in different application contexts D7: be able to explain and use the thinking behind some of the methods for solving numerical equations, as well as when solving problems, be able to use graphical, numerical or software for processing mathematical symbols D8: be able to explain the concept of differential equations, and be able to give examples of some simple differential equations, and present problem situations where they can occur D9: be able to determine primitive functions and use these in solving problems D10: be able to explain the meaning of the concept of integrals, and clarify the relationship between integrals and derivatives, as well as set up, interpret and use integrals in different types of basic applications D11: be able to present the thinking behind and be able to use some methods of numerical integration, as well as when solving problems, be able to use graphical, numerical or symbol processing software to calculate integrals
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Suggested solutions MaD6NVCO08

Grading Criteria for Pass (G)

NV-College - Sjdalsgymnasiet

G1: Pupils use appropriate mathematical concepts, methods, models and procedures to formulate and solve problems in one step. G2: Pupils carry out mathematical reasoning, both orally and in writing. G3: Pupils use mathematical terms, symbols and conventions, and carry out calculations in such a way that it is possible to follow, understand and examine the thinking expressed. G4: Pupils differentiate between guesses and assumptions from given facts, as well as deductions and proof. Grading Criteria for Pass with distinction (VG) V1: Pupils use appropriate mathematical concepts, methods, models and procedures to formulate and solve different types of problems. V2: Pupils participate in and carry out mathematical reasoning, both orally and in writing. V3: Pupils provide mathematical interpretations of situations and events, as well as carry out and present their work with logical reasoning, both orally and in writing. V4: Pupils use mathematical terms, symbols and conventions, as well as carry out calculations in such a way that it is easy to follow, understand and examine the thinking they express, both orally and in writing. V5: Pupils demonstrate accuracy concerning calculations and solutions to different kinds of problems, and use their knowledge from different fields of mathematics. V6: Pupils give examples of how mathematics has developed and been used throughout history, and the importance it has in our time in a number of different areas. Criteria for Pass with special distinction (MVG) M1: Pupils formulate and develop problems, choose general methods and models for problem solving, as well as demonstrate clear thinking in correct mathematical language. M2: Pupils analyse and interpret the results from different kinds of mathematical reasoning and problem solving. M3: Pupils participate in mathematical discussions and provide mathematical proof, both orally and in writing. M4: Pupils evaluate and compare different methods, draw conclusions from different types of mathematical problems and solutions, as well as assess the reasonableness and validity of their conclusions. M5: Pupils describe some of the influences of mathematics in the past and present on the development of our working and societal life, as well as on our culture.
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Summery of how the goal and criteria are affected by the test (including G-level test)
MaD6NVCO08: VM
G V G 1a 1b 2a 2b 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8a 8b 8c 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 29 G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 3 3 5 2 3 4 5 0 V G 27 1 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 13 D 8 D 9 D 10 D 11 G 1 G G 2 G 3 G 4 V 1 VG V 2 V 3 V 4 V 5 V 6 M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5 1 4

Trigonometry

Differentiation-Integrals T 4 D 5 D 6 D 7 D 8 D 9 D 10 D 11

G G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4

VG V 1 V 2 V 3 V 4 V 5 V 6

MVG M 1 M 2 M 3 M 4 M 5

T 1

T 2

T 3

MaD6NVCO08 :G

Trigonometry

Differentiation-Integrals

MVG

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