PEJABAT PENDIDIKAN DAERAH PETALING PERDANA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN

CHEMISTRY STPM
PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME

Section A
1(a) n
8 7 6

5 4

Spectrum Frequency / 1015 Hz 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 7 arrows correct 4 6 arrows correct < 4 arrows correct = 2 marks = 1 mark = 0 mark 2 marks for energy transition arrows & 2 marks for lines in spectrum drawn at the correct frequency

..4 marks

(b)

(i) (ii)

Ethane : Covalent bond [1 mark] Sodium hydride: electrovalent /ionic bond [1 mark] the intermolecular forces between the ethane molecules are weak Van der Waals forces whereas the electrostatic forces between the Na+ ions and H ions are very strong.

2 [1 mark] ...3 marks (c) (i) BF3 -

OR Name of Shape: Trigonal planar (ii) NH4+ H N H OR Name of Shape: Tetrahedral (iii) SF6 H H +

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

OR Name of Shape: Octahedral

OR

[1 mark] .3marks 10 marks

2. (a) (i) For every 1 mole of ethene produced, 1 mole of hydrogen too will be produced. OR PH2 = PC2H4 = 54.0 kPa Kp = = = (iii ) (i) (ii) The Kp value increase. (c) Kc = = = [C2H6] [C2H4] [H2] 0.4 (0.8) (0.5) 1 dm3 mol-1 (1 s.f) 1 1 1 1 Kp = 28.3 kPa PC2H4 . PH2 PC2H6 (54.0 x 103)2 OR (54.0)2 x 103 103 x 103 103 28.3 kPa 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

(ii)

(Kp value is not influenced by changes in pressure)

(b)

The partial pressure of ethene and hydrogen increases while that of ethane decreases.

3 10

3.

(a)

(i) (ii) (iii )

Cl Na Si/ P/ S/ Cl Aluminium atom has more valence electrons than sodium / Al has 3 electrons but Na has only 1 electron valence 2Al + 3Cl2 Al2Cl6 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

1 1 1 1 2 3

(b)

(i) (ii)

(iii ) (c) (i) (ii)

Al2Cl6 is a simple covalent compound with weak van der Waals forces between molecules MgCO3 MgO + CO2 Mg2+ has high charge density / polarisation power than calcium

1 1 1 1 2 10 5

4 4. (a) (i) Free radical substitution Nucleophilic substitution Elimination Sodium hydroxide/ ethanol (or ethanolic sodium hydroxide), heat H | HC | H H | C | H H | C | OH H | C H | H CH3 | C | H 1 1 1 ... .3 1

(ii) (iii )

(iv)

CH3 H | | C C | | H H

(b)

(i)

OH /hydroxyl Secondary

or

or

... 2

(ii) 1 or full structural formula showing all the atoms. 10

Section B

5 5 (a) (i) Let rate = k[(CH3)3CBr]m[OH-]n where k = rate constant m = order of reaction with respect to (CH3)3CBr n = order of reaction with respect to OHusing Rate 3 ; 0.015 = k (1.50) m(0.050) n Rate 1 0.0050 = k (0.50) m(0.050) n 3 = (3) m m = 1 Rate 4 ; 0.010 = Rate 2 0.010 = 1 = n = k (1.00) m(0.10) n k (1.00) m(0.050) n (2) n 0 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3

(ii)

using

(iii)

Using data from experiment 1; Rate = k[(CH3)3CBr] 0.0050 = k (0.50) k = 0.010 s-1 H1 = +90 +(+ 121) = +211 kJ H2 = + 418 +( 364) = +54 kJ H3 = 436 kJ Enthalpy of solution of KCl Born-Haber cycle drawn correctly Energy (kJ) +121 K+ (g) + Cl2(g) +418 K (g) + Cl2(g) +90 0 K(s) + Cl2 (g) H3/-436 KCl(s) +90 + (+121) + (+418) + ( 364) + H4 = 436 H4 = +701 kJ H5

(b)

(i)

3 1

(ii) (iii)

K+ (g) + Cl(g)

-364

K+ (g) + Cl-(g)

1 1 4 15

6 6 (a) (i) A is in Group 15 The difference between the fifth and sixth ionization energies is very large/high There are five valence electrons /five outermost electrons (ii) ns2 np3 Hunds Rule: for orbitals with the same energy level / degenerate The electrons will occupy each p orbitals singly first with the same spin / nonpairing with the same spin. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3

(b)

(i) (ii)

Zn Zn2+/Zn and MnO4/Mn2+ electrodes emf = 1.52 ( 0.76) = +2.28 V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(iii)

E = E + 0.059/2 log [Zn2+] = 0.76 + 0.059/2 log (10) = 0.73 V

(iv)

Because E for the reaction is + 1.27 V Spontaneous / feasible reaction Heating is required because the reaction has a high activation energy

7. (a) (i) M-Cl bond is covalent 1

7 Held together by weak van der Waals force Size of MCl4 increase, van der Waals force stronger, melting point increase (ii) Tetrachlorides of C, Si and Ge are stable /do not decompose Thermal stability decreases down the group Reason: M-Cl bond becomes longer and weaker / smaller overlap of orbitals PbCl4(l) PbCl2(s) + Cl2(g) / Sn Cl4(l) SnCl2(s) + Cl2(g) (b) -Ammonia gas and large excess of dry, dust-free air are passed through Pt/Rh catalyst, 700-900oC -Ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen monoxide 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) -After cooling, nitrogen monoxide is passed slowly with excess air through oxidizing chamber -Nitrogen monoxide is converted to nitrogen dioxide 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) -Nitrogen dioxide with the excess air are passed through a water spray in a steel absorption tower at 80oC -Aqueous nitric acid is formed 4NO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) 4HNO3(aq) 1

1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 15 4

-Aqueous nitric acid is subjected to fractional distillation to yield an azeotrope of 68% HNO3 and 32% water -Distillation of the azeotrope with phosphorus (V) oxide, P4O10 produces pure nitric(V) acid.

8. (a) (i) The faint /pale yellow colour of chlorine decolourised 1

8 3Cl2(g) + 6 NaOH(aq) 5 NaCl (aq) + NaClO3(aq) + 3H2O(l) disproportionation / chlorine with oxidation number 0 is reduced to -1 and also being oxidized to +5 simultaneously (ii) The colourless solution turns orange brown Cl2(g) + 2 Br-(aq) 2Cl- (aq) + Br2(aq) Chlorine oxidise Br- to Br2 while itself is reduced to Cl-/Redox reaction (iii ) An oily liquid is formed CH2= CH2 + Cl2 CH2 Cl CH2Cl electrophilic addition reaction

1 1 3

1 1 1 1} 1} 1} max 2 3

(b)

(i)

Elements with partially filled d orbitals that can form one or more stable ions. variable oxidation states / ferum (iron) eg. +2, +3 / Fe2+, Fe3+ or complex ion formation / eg. Fe(CN)6 4- , Fe(CN)6 3or aqueous Fe2+ has a light (pale) green colour but Fe3+ is yellow / their complex ions are coloured or it shows catalytic activity / any example like in the reaction between Iand S2O8 2- by changing its oxidation to +3 and back to +2 again cis and trans isomers / geometric isomerism + +

1 1 1 1 1
(any 2)

(ii)

1 1

Cis- tetraaminedichlorocobalt(III) Oxidation state of cobalt = +3

trans- tetraaminedichlorocobalt(III)

1 1 max 4 15

9. (a) (i) To produce A: Methylbenzene is reacted with chlorine in the presence of aluminium chloride CH
3

+ Cl H

9 To produce B: Methylbenzene is reacted with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation. (ii) Add alcoholic silver nitrate solution to both compound A and B, A white precipitate is formed for B and no change for A CH2Cl (iii ) Step 1 AlCl3 + Cl Cl AlCl4 + Cl+ Step 2 CH3 1 + AgNO3
ethanol

1 1 1

.2

CH2NO3H +

AgCl

max .2

+ Cl+ 1

Step 3 CH3 + Cl (b) (i) ` CH3

conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4,

CH3 + AlCl4 H CH3

KMnO4/H+

+ AlCl3 + HCl Cl 1 3 COOH NO2

(1)

NO2 (1)

(1)

Correct reaction conditions for 1st step Correct product for 1st step Correct reaction conditions for 2nd step CH3
KMnO4/H+ Heat/

1 1 1

...3

COOH

conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4,

COOH

(1)

(1)

warm/50 oC

(1)

NO2 1 1 1 1 1

Correct reaction conditions for 1st step Correct product for 1st step Correct reaction conditions for 2nd step (c) Step I: Tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, reflux Step II : ethanol, concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst, reflux

3 2 15

10.

(a)

(i) H2NCHRCOOH R H2N C COOH H 1

10

(ii)

H2N C COOH They both have the H

/ or carboxyl and amino group 1 1 3

The R group is CH2CH2COOH in glutamic acid and H in glycine (b) In the presence of excess acid: ` In the presence of excess alkali:

1 1 2

(c)

Glutamic acid has - chiral carbon /carbon atom with four different groups attached to it two isomers are mirror images of each other isomers cannot be superimposed isomers that rotate plan-polarised light to opposite direction two 3-D structural formulae showing the two optical isomers for glutamic acid CH2CH2COOH C H NH2 C H2N HOOC H CH2CH2COOH

1 1 1 1 2

(d)

(i)

COOH - Add NaNO2 and dilute HCl below 5oC

/ Nitrous acid / nitric(III) acid / HNO2

1 1 1 1 2 15 2

(ii)

Aromatic compounds such as phenols / phenylamines Brightly coloured precipitate/compounds