Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

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CHAPTER TEST: Ch 2 Rate of Change and Differentials MATHEMATICS COURSE C Fall 2009: MaCNVC08 Part I: G-level You are not allowed to use calculator in this part! Warning: There are more than one versions of the test.

Instructions Test period Tools The test

14:35-15:55 Formula sheet, your personalized summary-booklet, ruler and protractor. For most items a single answer is not enough. It is also expected that you write down what you do that you explain/motivate your reasoning that you draw any necessary illustrations. After every item the maximum mark your solution can receive is given. The test gives totally at the most 35 points. To pass the test you need to have a minimum of 18 points. To qualify for higher grade you need to have a score more than 27 points. In addition, you need to fulfil the necessary conditions required for the passing with distinction on the VG/MVG level test given on Friday Dec 4, 2009. Class-School: NVC08 Sjdalsgymnasiet
1e 3 5 2 4 3 6 4 Sum Grade 9 35

Mark limits

Name: ________________________
Problem 1a G-points 1b 2 3 1c 3 1d

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

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1. Differentiate the following function with respect to x , and calculate the value of the derivative of the function at the given point. Give the answer in the surd (exact) form. Show the necessary details of your calculations as clear as possible: a. Find y ( 1) if y = 3x 2 + 5 x 7 . 5 b. Find y (0 ) if y = 7 e 2 x 3 x 13 e 1 c. Find f (4 ) if f ( x ) = x + x + x 2 d. Find f (1) if f ( x ) = 4(3 x 1) . e. Find f (1) if f ( x ) = 3x100 + Suggested solutions: a. y = 3x 2 + 5 x 7 y = 3 2 x 21 + 5 = 6 x + 5 y ( 1) = 6 ( 1) + 5 = 6 + 5 = 1 b. y = 7 e 2 x

[2] [3] [3] [3]

2x5 6 2 2 x 7 x + 53 x . 5 7e x

[5]

Answer: y = 6 x + 5 Answer: y ( 1) = 1

[1] [1]

5 13 e3x y = 7 e 2 x 5 e 3 x 13 y = 7 2 e 2 x 5 ( 3) e 3 x y (0) = 14 e 0 + 15 e 0 = 14 + 15 = 29
f (x ) = 5 + x + x +
f (x ) = 5 + x + x 2 +
1

[1] Answer: y = 14 e + 15 e Answer: y (0 ) = 29

2x
3 x

[1] [1]

c.

1 x
1
1

x2
f (x ) = 5 + x + x 2 + x
1
1 2

[1]
1

1 1 1 1 f ( x ) = 0 + 1 + x 2 + x 2 2 2
f (x ) = 0 + 1 + 1 2 1 2 x x 2 2
1 3

Answer: f ( x ) = 1 +

1 2 x

1 2 x x

[1]

f (4) = 1 +

1 2 4

1 1 1 1 1 16 4 1 16 + 4 1 = 1+ = 1+ = + = 22 242 4 16 16 16 16 16 24 4 19 Answer: f (4) = 16

[1]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

d.
f ( x ) = 4(3 x 1) = 4 9 x 2 6 x + 1 = 36 x 2 24 x + 4 .
2

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[1] [1] [1] Answer: f (1) = 48

f ( x ) = 36 2 x 21 24 = 72 x 24
f (1) = 72(1) 24 = 72 24 = 48

Answer: f ( x ) = 72 x 24

e.

f ( x ) = 3x100 +

2 2x5 6 2 x 7 x + 53 x . 5 7e x
1

2 6 2 f ( x ) = 3x100 + x 5 1 2 x 2 e 7 x + 53 x 5 7 x2 1 1 2 5 2 100 2 [1] f ( x ) = 3 x + x 6 x 2 x 2 e 7 x + 5 3 x 5 7 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 f ( x ) = 3 100 x1001 + 5 x 51 6 x 2 2 x 2 ( 7 ) e 7 x + 3 53 x ln 5 5 2 7 2

[2]
+ 2 e 7 x + 3 53 x ln 5 3 1 + 2 e 7 x + 3 53 x ln 5 Answer: f ( x ) = 300 x 99 + 2 x 4 + x x x 3 1 99 4 f (1) = 300 (1) + 2 (1) + + 2 e 7 (1) + 3 53(1) ln 5 (1) (1) (1) x f ( x ) = 300 x 99 + 2 x 4 + 3 x
3 2 1 2

[1]

f (1) = 300 + 2 + 3 1 + 2 e 7 + 3 53 ln 5

Answer: f (1) = 304 + 2 e 7 + 375 ln 5

[1]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

NV-College

2. A friend of yours, who is studying the same mathematics course as you, comes to you and says, "I dont understand a thing about this differentiation." Help your friend by explaining what a derivative is. Explain in as much detail as you can and in as many ways as you can. You may also use examples to illustrate your point of view. You should neither derive nor write down the differentiation rules. [4] [NPMaCVT96] A possible answer:
A derivative of any given function studies the rate at which the function is changing at a given point. To find the derivative of a function whose graph is given, we may first draw the tangent to the function at the point of interest. Slope of the tangent is the rate at which the function is changing at the point. On the other hand if the function is given we may calculate the difference between the values of the function around the point of interest. Dividing the difference in the function by the difference between the x-coordinates of the points, providing that this number is fairly small, we may have calculated the derivative of the function at the point. Scientists use differentiation often, for example in mechanics the instantaneous velocity of an object is the derivative of its displacement. The acceleration of the object is on the other hand is the differential of the velocity with respect to time. On the other hand, scientists studying the global warming are more interested in studying at the rate the earths temperature have been changing. In medicine too, the derivative is of particularly interesting: it is very important to know how fast a medicine is absorbed, and in which rate its effect increases initial after application of it. It is also important to know how fast the amount of the medicine in the blood decreases as function of time. Economist also use derivative to report the rate at which a stock market is changing at given point.

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test 3. Use the definition of derivative, i.e. f ( x ) = lim
h 0

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the function f ( x ) = (3 x 1) .
2

f (x + h ) f (x ) and find the derivative of h [5]

2

Check your results obtained above against the derivative of f ( x ) = (3 x 1) using the rule for differentials of polynomials, i.e. y = A x n y = A n x n1 .
Suggested solutions:
f ( x ) = (3 x 1) = 9 x 2 6 x + 1
2

[1] [1]

f ( x + h ) = 9 x 2 + 18 xh + 9h 2 6 x 6h + 1
f ( x ) = lim
h 0

f ( x + h ) = 9(x 2 + 2 xh + h 2 ) 6( x + h ) + 1

f ( x + h ) = 9( x + h ) 6 ( x + h ) + 1
2

[1]

f (x + h ) f (x ) 9 x 2 + 18 xh + 9h 2 6 x 6h + 1 9 x 2 6 x + 1 = lim h 0 h h

[1]

9 x 2 + 18 xh + 9h 2 6 x 6h + 1 9 x 2 + 6 x 1 h 0 h 2 18 xh + 9h 6h = lim(18 x + 9h 6 ) = 18 x 6 f ( x ) = lim h 0 h 0 h Using the rules for the derivative of polynomials: f ( x ) = lim
f ( x ) = (3 x 1) = 9 x 2 6 x + 1
2

Answer: f ( x ) = 18 x 6 [1]

f ( x ) = 9 2 x 21 6 = 18 x 6
They are the same!

[1]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

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4. Find the equation of the tangent to the function f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3 at x = 1 . Plot a rough graph of the function and its tangent at x = 1 .
Suggested solutions:

The function f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3 and the tangent to it, y = kx + m at x = 1 share two important properties a. b.
y (1) = f (1) : The function and its tangent share the point x = 1 . [1] k = f (1) : The slope of the tangent to the function at x = 1 is equal to the rate at which the function is changing at the point. [1]
f (x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3

y (1) = f (1) = (1) + (1) + 2 (1) + 3 = 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 7

2

[1]

Answer: y (1) = 7

f (x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3

f (x ) = x + x + 2 x + 3
2

1 2

[1]
1 1 2

1 / f ( x ) = 2 x 21 + 1 + 2 x / 2

f ( x ) = 2 x + 1 + x 2 1 f ( x ) = 2 x + 1 + x 1 f (1) = 2 (1) + 1 + (1) f (1) = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4

[1]

[1]

Answer: k = f (1) = 4

Therefore equation of the tangent to f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3 at x = 1 may be written as y = 4 x + m . The value of m may be determined using y (1) = 7 . 7 = 4 (1) + m m =74=3

y = 4x + 3
18 15 12

[1]
f (x ) = x 2 + x + 2 x + 3

Answer: y = 4 x + 3

y = 4x + 3
9 6 3 0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0

[2]

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Suggested solutions MaC2NVC08-Part I: G-level Test

NV-College

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