Suggested Solutions

NpMaC vt 2005 Version 1

NV-College, Sjdalsgymnasiet

Part I problems 1-10

This part consists of 10 problems that should be solved without the aid of a calculator. Your solutions to the problems in this part should be presented on separate sheets of paper that must be handed in before you retrieve your calculator. Please note that you may begin working on Part II without the aid of a calculator.

1.

Differentiate f (x ) = x 3 6 x a.

Only answer is required Only answer is required

(1/0) (1/0)

f ( x ) = 5e 4 x b. Suggested solutions: f (x ) = x 3 6 x a.
b.

Answer: f (x ) = 3x 2 6 Answer: f ( x ) = 20e 4 x

[1/0] [1/0]

f ( x ) = 5e 4 x f ( x ) = 5 4e 4 x

The function y = f ( x ) has a local maximum at x = 5 x. What is the value of f (5) ? Only answer is required (1/0) Suggested solutions: The derivative of the function is zero at its local maximum, local minimum and its deflection points: Answer: f (5) = 0 [1/0] 2. 3. In 1997, the rabbit Tsen from Denmark set a world record in the high jump for rabbits. According to one model, Tsens height during the jump is given by h( x ) = 4 x 4 x 2 where h( x ) is the height in metres above the floor and x is the distance in metres along the floor from the take-off. Use the derivative to calculate Tsens maximum height during the jump. (2/0)

Suggested Solutions: Answer: hmax = h(0.5) = 1 m Maximum height hmax is associated with x where the derivative of the function is zero, i.e.: h( x ) = 0 . Therefore, we should first find the derivative of the function, set it equal to zero, find the solution for it, and finally substitute it into the function and find the maximum height. h( x ) = 4 x 4 x 2 h( x ) = 4 8 x using f ( x ) = A x n f ( x ) = A n x n1 4 h( x ) = 4 8 x = 0 8 x = 4 xmax = = 0.5 m [1/0] 8 2 h( x ) = 4 x 4 x 2 hmax = h(0.5) = 4(0.5) 4(0.5) = 1 m [1/0] Answer: hmax = h(0.5) = 1 m

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Suggested Solutions

NpMaC vt 2005 Version 1

NV-College, Sjdalsgymnasiet

14 2 x . 7x 14 2 x =2 Suggested solutions: Answer: 7x 14 2 x 2(7 x ) = =2 [1/0] 7x 7 x

4. Factorise and simplify 5.

(1/0)

a+3 . a2 9 a+3 1 = Suggested solutions: Answer: 2 a 9 (a 3) (a + 3) = 1 a+3 = 2 a 9 (a + 3)(a 3) (a 3)

Factorise and simplify

(1/0)

[1/0]

6.

One of your friends thinks about what the curve y = 2 x 2 + 3 looks like and then declares: The gradient is always equal to 4, everywhere on the curve. Is your friend right? Justify your answer. (1/0)

Suggested solutions: Answer: No! y ( x ) = 4 x is not a constant.

y = 2x2 + 3 y ( x ) = 4 x using f ( x ) = A x n f ( x ) = A n x n1 My friend is not right. The gradient is a linear function of x with the slope of + 4 . It is 4 only at x = 1 , i.e.: y (1) = 4(1) = 4 . [1/0]
7. Solve the equation x 3 x(8 x 16) = 0 . Suggested solutions: Answer: Answer: x1 = 0 ; x2 ,3 = 4 (0/2)

x 3 x(8 x 16) = 0

x x 2 8 x + 16 = 0
x (x 4) = 0
2

[0/1]

Answer: x1 = 0 ; x2 ,3 = 4

[0/1]

8. Is log 9 larger or smaller than 1? Justify your answer. Suggested solutions: Answer: 1,5 log 9 < log 10 = 1 1,0 log 9 < log 10 = 1 [1/1]
0,5

(1/1/)

Note that log x x > 0 is an increasing function of x . This may be illustrated by plotting log x x > 0 versus x .

0,0 log x -0,5 -1,0 -1,5 -2,0 -2,5 0 3 6 x 9 12 15

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Suggested Solutions

NpMaC vt 2005 Version 1

NV-College, Sjdalsgymnasiet

9.

The figure shows the graphs of y = f ( x ) and y = g ( x ) :

For which value or values of x is it true that f ( x ) = g ( x ) ? (1/1) Justify your answer with text and/or by drawing a figure. Suggested Solutions: We are looking for a point where f ( x ) = g ( x ) or in another word we are looking for a point where the slope of the tangent to y = f ( x ) is equal to that of the tangent to the graph of y = g ( x ) . We therefore try to look for a point where both functions look parallel. Our eyes are actually very sensitive for such an action. It seems at x = 1.5 , f ( x ) = g ( x ) or: f (1.5) = g (1.5)

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Suggested Solutions

NpMaC vt 2005 Version 1

NV-College, Sjdalsgymnasiet

10. Show that f ( x ) 0 for all x if f ( x ) = Ax 5 + Bx 3 and A , and B are positive constants. (0/1/) Suggested Solutions: f ( x ) = Ax 5 + Bx 3 f ( x ) = 5 Ax 4 + 3Bx 2 Due to the fact that square of any real number is positive, if A , and B are positive constants, f ( x ) = 5 Ax 4 + 3Bx 2 > 0

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