Ng phap c ban

1. Simple present: a) ong t thng:

K: S + V1 (s /es) P: S + do / does + not + NV: Do / Does + V1 The sun rises in the east She doesnt cook every day. Do they often visit their aunt?

I, you, we, they do He, she, it does

Ex:

b) ong t To BE : K: S + am / is /are + adj . P: S + am /is / are + not + adj Ex: English is the international language. She isnt at home now. Where are you from?

I am He, she, it is You, we, they are

Dung e dien at: thoi quen hien tai cau phat bieu tong quat, s that hien nhien, chan ly cam giac trang thai hien tai Cac trang t thi gian i vi th hien tai n: -

every (day/ week / month/ year) always (luon luon) usually ( thng xuyen) often (thng) sometimes = occasionally = at times (thnh thoang) seldom (t khi) rarely (hiem khi) normally (thong thng) never (khong bao gi) all the time (luon luon) = at all times

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Ng phap c ban Cac ong t ch trang thai cam giac, cam xuc, giac quan, s hu : feel * (cam thay) be (th la ) know (biet) remember (nh) - seem ( dng nh) - think * (ngh la) - understand ( hieu) - like (thch) - look * (trong co ve) - have (co) = possess (s hu) = own - forget (quen) - hate (ghet)

Ex: I think you are right. (but: Im thinking of this exercise) Your hands feel cold. (but: Im feeling cold) At present he has three cars. 2. Present continuous: K: S + am / is / are + Ving P: S + am / is / are + not + Ving NV: Am / Is ? Are + S + Ving ? Ex: She is studying English now. They arent singing at present. What are you doing now?

Dung e dien at: Hanh ong dien ra hien tai. D nh trong tng lai. Cac trang t thi gian i vi th HTTD -

now : bay gi right now : ngay bay gi at present : hien tai at the moment : ngay luc nay this week / month / year : tuan / thang / nam nay these days : nhng ngay nay

Ex: They are visiting their aunt next month. 3. Simple past: a) ong t thng: K: S + V2 P: S + did not + V1 NV: Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Columbus discovered South America in 1492. We saw him yesterday. The boy used to play football.

b) ong t To be Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 2

Ng phap c ban K: S + was/ were + adj P: S + was/ were + adj NV: Was/ Were + S + adj? Ex: It was hot yesterday. They were on business last week.

Cach dung: hanh ong xay ra thi gian ro rang trong qua kh. Thoi quen trong qua kh. Cac trang t i vi th QK: Yesterday last week / month / year Two weeks ago In 1995 : hom qua : tuan / thang / nam trc : 2 tuan cach nay : nam 1995

4. Past continuous: K: S + was /were + Ving P: S + was / were + not + Ving NV: Was / Were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was cooking at 6 pm yesterday. Cach dung: Hanh ong xay ra tai thi iem trong qua kh (thng co 2 yeu to thi gian) Cac trang t i vi th QK: - at 8 oclock yesterday - this time last year : vao luc tam gi hom qua : gi nay nam trc

Lien t i vi th QT: when / while Ex: My aunt came when we were having dinner yesterday. They were watching TV while their mother was cooking in the kitchen. 5. Simple future: K: S + will / shall + V0 P: S + will / shall + not + V0 NV: will go to the zoo tomorrow. We Will / Shall + S + V0 ? He wont do that again. Will he come back in 2010? http://www.ebook.edu.vn 3

Ex:

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Ng phap c ban Cach dung: hanh ong se lam trong tng lai. Li ha, s quyet tam, li yeu cau lch s, s mong moi. Cac trang t i vi th TL: - tomorrow : ngay mai - next week / month / year : tuan / thang / nam ti Cac lien t i vi th tng lai: o TL as soon as HT / HTHT o TL until HT / HTHT 6. Future continuous K: S + will / shall + be + Ving P: S + will / shall + not + be + Ving Cach dung: - hanh ong dien ra tai 1 thi iem trong tng lai. - hanh ong se xay ra trong tng lai theo nh le thng. Cac trang t i vi th TLTD: - this time next year - at 8 oclock tomorrow Ex: This time tomorrow we shall be swimming at the beach. He will be studying English tomorrow morning. 7. Present Perfect: K : S + has/have + V3 P : S + has/have + not + V3 NV : Has/Have +S + V3 ? Ex: Ms Mai has already finished the work. We havent seen him recently. Have you ever been to Canada? Ex: My mother will be going to market at 9 oclock tomorrow.

Cach dung: hanh ong xay ra trong qua kh va keo dai en hien tai; va co the tiep dien en tng lai. Hanh ong a xay ra trong qua kh nhng khong ro thi gian. Hanh ong va mi xay ra.

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Ng phap c ban Cac trang t va gii t i vi th HTHT: recently = lately : gan ay already :a just : va mi until now = up to now = up to the present = so far: cho en nay (not) yet : cha never : cha bao gi ever : a tng before : trc (ay)

8. Present perfect continuous : K : S + has/have + been + ving P : S + has/have not + been + ving NV : Has/Have + S + been + ving ? Ex: I have been waiting for you for nearly an hour. Giong nh th HTHT nhng nhan manh tnh lien tuc. 9. Past Perfect: K : S + had + V3 P : S + had not + V3 NV : Had + S + V3 ? Ex: We had finished school before 1990. They had studied English before they began to go to work.

Cach dung: 1 hanh ong cham dt trc 1 hanh ong khac trong qua kh. Hanh ong cham dt trc 1 thi diem trong qua kh. Cac t i vi th QKHT: o QKHT + before + QK o QK + after + QKHT o QK + as soon as + QK/ QKHT o QK + until + QK/ QKHT Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school. 10. Past perfect continuous : K : S + had + been + Ving P : S + had not + been + Ving NV : Had + S + been + Ving ?

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Ng phap c ban Giong nh th QKHT nhng nhan manh tnh lien tuc. Ex: The teacher had been teaching for 10 years before you entered this school. 11. Future perfect : K : S + shall/will + have + V3 P : S + shall/will not + have + V3 NV : Shall/Will + S + have + V3 ? Ex: He will have come back by the end of this month. Cach dung: hanh ong xay ra trc hanh ong khac trong tng lai. Cac t i vi th TLHT: - TLHT + by the time / before + HT Ex: The boy will have finished his homework by tomorrow. My mother will have cooked dinner by the time we come back. 12. Future perfect continuous : K : S + shall/will + have been + Ving P : S + shall/will not + have been + Ving Ex: They will have been living in this city for 10 years by next December. Giong nh th TLHT nhng nhan manh tnh lien tuc. 13. Cac bieu o sau dien at th nao: 2. a 2. b 1. a 1. b

X X X X X X

3. a

3. b

4. a

4. b

5. a

5. b

6. a

6. b

X X X

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Ng phap c ban 14. Nhng cau truc can ghi nh trong chia th: A. 3 nguyen tac vang: 1. Will / Shall + V0 2. Be + V3 / Ving 3. Have + V3 - Sau will cho du la th nao dang nao, th van la V0: Th du : They will take me to the beach tomorrow. I will be taken to the beach tomorrow. She will have finished her project by the end of this month. - Sau be khong the co V1, hoac V2 - Sau have khong the co V1, hoac V2 B. 4 th can ghi nh: o la: Th hien tai n, qua kh n, hien tai hoan thanh, hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien. T 4 th nay ta co the suy ra cac th khac theo bieu o sau (ket hp vi 3 nguyen tac vang) V1 (s/es) am /is / are + Have / has + Have/ has + been

+ been

will + 1.

will + 2.

will + 3.

will + 4.

II. Dung bieu o e dien at cach dung cua cac th:

X X X

X X X

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

X X

X 7

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Ng phap c ban

Th du: - I often watch television at night. - I have studied English for eight years. - I will go to university next year. - I will have left my high school by June. II. Cac quy tac: 1. Them s/ es: a) them es : cac ong t ket thuc co am gio: ch, x, z , sh va phu am + y / o Ex: washes, glasses, watches, fizzes, studies, goes b) them s: cac ong t con lai: Ex: works, sees, hears, sings, pays The spell: ____________________________________________________________ 2. Them ing: a) ong t ket thuc la: phu am + e (cam): bo e Ex: hate hating, come coming, change changing b) ong t 1 am tiet ket thuc la: 1 nguyen am + 1 phu am gap oi phu am Ex: sit sitting, run running sip sipping c) ong t 2 am tiet, trong am van 2 ket thuc la: 1 nguyen am + 1 phu am gap oi phu am Ex: begin beginning prefer preferring d) ong t con lai: ch them ing Ex: meeting, missing, playing, talking, going c. Qui tac oc ed: - Cac am: k, p, tS, s, S, (x), f + ed / t / - Cac am: t, d + ed / id / - Cac am con lai: m, v, n, a, o, . + ed / d / Ex: washed, stops, laughed, cooked wanted, needed, hated climbed, harmed, named, called, tried, played d. Qui tac oc s: - Cac am: p, k, t, f , H + s /s/ - Cac am con lai : + s /z/ Ex: stops, cooks, laughs, months, hats, hates, learns, lives, plays, needs e. ac biet: Cac am gio: S, s, tS, z, Z, dZ + s/ es / iz/ Ex: washes, taxes; watches; changes; ranges

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Ng phap c ban

I. SINGULAR SUBJECT:
Singular subject

Examples
- Something is under the armchair. - Everyone wants to go home early.

1 2

Indefinite pronouns: (ai t bat nh) - anybody (any one), anything, anything, nobody (no one), nothing, everybody (everyone), everything. Uncount nouns: Cac chat ran, chat long, chat kh, danh t tru tng .. - water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, - ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass, . - steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen, . - rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand, sugar, - happiness, pollution, love, health, patience, - work, homework, advice, information, time, . Subjects, sport, languages, natural phenomena, nations, diseases: (Mon hoc, the thao, ngon ng, cac hien tng t nhien, ten cac quoc gia benh) - mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics, . - swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis, football, - Chinese, English, Spanish, German, .. - weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog, lightning, So o lng, lng tien, thi gian: -

- Mathematics is a basic tool. - Many people take up gymnastics because it is good exercise. - English is an international language. - The fog was very thick.

5 6 7

8 9

- Ten kilometres is a long distance to walk. - Two million dollars is a large sum of money. - Eight hours of sleep is enough for me. - Who uses English? Who/ what lam chu ng: - What has happened to you? - That he is naughty makes his father That + Clause lam chu ng: sad. Wh + clause lam chu ng: - What he says is unreliable. - Each student has a pencil. Some determiners: (Mot so nh t ) - There is a little wine in the bottle. - Each, every, one of, - A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large - They gave a great deal of thought to their future job. amount of, .. - Neither student does homework. - Either , Neither, - Neither of the students is well prepared. The + N and + N: mot ngi kiem 2 chc vu: - The assistant and secretary is very busy now. - Bread and butter is my favourite food. Hon hp: - The horse and carriage is coming - bread and butter: banh m b round the corner. - The horse and carriage : xe nga http://www.ebook.edu.vn 9

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Ng phap c ban

II. PLURAL SUBJECT: Plural subject

1 The + adj : - The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, - The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese, Examples - The poor need our help. - The Vietnamese are very brave.

2 3

- The police are looking for the missing Danh t luon dang so nhieu: - police, cattle, goods, clothes, belongings, wares, .. child. Some determiners: (mot so nh t) - both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great many, a good many, the majority

III. Cac dang hoa hp chu t va ong t:

1 Hoa hp vi danh t sau: Either .. or .. Neither .. nor .. Not only but also .. - Either I or John is going to do the housework. - Not only the boy but also his friends like to play football.

+ V .. + V . + V

Hoa hp vi danh t trc: as well as not

N1 + along with + N2

V ..

- Miss Hang, along with her friends, wants to meet the boss. - Nam, not Tam, has just come.

IV. Dang danh t so nhieu co qui tac va bat qui tac: NOUNS Examples Danh t so nhieu co qui tac: (them s/es) - potato potatoes , study studies - Danh t ket thuc vi: (phu am) + y / o , ch, s, x, z, - watch watches, fox foxes sh them: es display displays - Danh t so nhieu co qui tac con lai: them s - pupil pupils - language languages Danh t so nhieu bat qui tac: - tooth teeth goose geese - oo ee - man men woman women -a e - bacterium bacteria - um a - radius radii (=radiuses) - us i Danh t so nhieu va so t khong thay oi: http://www.ebook.edu.vn 10

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Ng phap c ban Sheep : con cu Deer: con nai Fish: con ca (fishes: cac loai ca) Series: loat, tap truyen nhieu ky Offspring: (chim, thu) con

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Ng phap c ban

I. PRESENT AND FUTURE: CONNECTUSAGE TENSES ORS - Thoi quen hien S. Present + when + S. Present 1 tai

EXAMPLES - She usually listens to music when she is stressed. - They will send me a postcard when they arrive in Paris. - We will go when we have done our homework. - We will wait until he comes.

when

- H noi tiep,

S. Future + when + S. Present

- Nhan manh h sau S. Future + when + Pr. Perfect when - H se lam cho en S. Future + until + S. Present khi h sau xay ra

until

- Nhan manh menh S. Future + until + Pr. Perfect e vi until a hoan tat. - 2 h ke tiep S. Future Present

- I will come and see you as soon as Ive finished my work.

as soon as
- nhan manh s hoan tat cua menh e vi as soon as - Thoi quen

4 5

after

by the time - H hoan tat trc 1

h khac trong tng lai.

+ as soon as + S. - Nam will go to university as soon as I graduate from high school. S. Future + as soon as + Pr. - The boy will buy a big dictionary as soon as he has Perfect saved enough money. S. Present + after + Pr. Perfect - He often brushes his teeth after he has had lunch. Future Perfect + by the time + - I will have cooked dinner by the time he comes. S. Present

II. PAST and PAST PERFECT: CONNECTUSAGE TENSES ORS - H hoan tat trc P. Perfect + when + S. Past 1 h khac.

EXAMPLES - When I arrived, John had gone away. ( I didnt see John) When I arrived, John went away. (John was angry with me, so he went away when he saw me) - She spent much money when she was young. 12

when

- H noi tiep,

S. Past +

when + S. Past

- Thoi quen trong qua kh. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn

Ng phap c ban - H dai, h ngan 2 Past Cont + when + S. Past S. Past + while + Past Cont Past cont + while + Past Cont + until + S. Past - They were having lunch when he visited them. - He came in while I was singing. - My mother was reading a book while we were playing football. - He read the book until he was dead tired

while

- H ngan, h dai - 2 h dai

until

- H trc va keo S. Past dai cho en hanh ong cua menh e sau.

- Nhan manh menh S. past + until + P. Perfect e vi until a hoan tat. 4 - 2 h ke tiep S. Past + as soon as + S. Past

- We went on working until we had finished the job.

as soon as

after before

- nhan manh s hoan S. past + as soon as + P. Perfect tat cua menh e vi as soon as - H trc, h sau S. Past + after + P. Perfect

- Mary told me the news as soon as she came to my flat. - A stranger walked into his room as soon as he had gone out. - He left after he had written the report. - After he had written the report, he left. - The man had already finished the work before he came home.

- H sau, h trc

P. Perfect + before + S. Past

by the time

I. General rule: NGI THAT Subject WHO Object Possessive adjective WHOM WHOSE

VAT WHICH WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH

3. which a. He shouted at the dog. It barked loudly. He shouted at the dog which barked loudly. S Chu c Dng

1. who: We meet the man. He is a professor. We meet the man who is a professor S 2. whom: She talked to the boy. We met him in the zoo. She talked to the boy whom we met in the zoo. O

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Ng phap c ban b. The dog barked loudly. He called it. The dog which he called barked loudly. O 4. whose + N: thay the cho tnh t s hu (his / her / their ..) a. The teacher was angry. The students didnt pay attention to his lesson. The teacher whose lesson the students didnt pay attention to was angry. O b. Do you know the woman? Her son has lost. Do you know the woman whose son has lost? S 5. That: thay the cho: Who, whom, which (that khong the theo sau dau phay hoac gii t) The girl won the championship. She was really talented. The girl that (= who) was really talented won the championship. 6. of which: We should throw away the table. The leg of the table was broken. We should throw away the table the leg of which / of which the leg was broken. whose leg 7. where: thay the cho cum gii t ch ni chon hoac there * N (place) + where + clause a) This is the town. I was born in the town. Adv of place This is the town in which I was born. This is the town where I was born. b) Do you know the village? He lived there. Do you know the village where he lived? Ghi chu: trng hp di ay phai dung which Ex: This is the town. I like it best. O This is the town which I like best. 8. when: thay the cho cum danh t ch thi gian hoac then National day is the day. Our nation was completely liberated on that day. National day is the day when our nation was completely liberated. 9. why : thay the cho cum t for the reason Does he know the reason? He left for that reason. Does he know the reason why he left? 10. Its _______ that / who + clause: chnh la (cau truc nhan manh) a) Peter must clean the window Its Peter who / that must clean the window. b) Your dog bit the old man. It was your dog that bit the old man. (khong c dung which trong trng hp nay) c) They were captured because he was incompetent It was because he was incompetent that they were captured. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 14

Ng phap c ban

1. Tnh t ngan va tnh t dai: a) Tnh t ngan: - tnh t n am: long , short, big, hot, fat .. - tnh t co hai am ket thuc la: er, le, ow, et , phu am + y. Ex: happy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, b) Tnh t dai: la tnh t co hai am tr len: Ex: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless 2. Types: S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux S1 + negative V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux so Comparative S1 + V + more + adj / adv(dai) + than + S2 + aux S1 + V + adj / adv(ngan) + er + than + S2 + aux Superlative S + V + the most + adj / adv(dai) S + V + the + adj / adv (ngan) +est Ex: She is as beautiful as her mother (is). She isnt so careful as her mother (is). He drives more carefully than his friend (does). Tam studies the hardest in his class. My Thuan bridge is the longest one in Vietnam. Who is the most beautiful in your class? 3. Special: Less + adj / adv + than : t hn. Ex: This book is less expensive than that one 4. Double comparison: a) The more + adj + S + V, the more + adj + S + V (dai) (dai) The + adj + er + S + V , the + adj + er + S + V (ngan) (ngan) Ex: The more beautiful she is, the happier she becomes. The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes. b) twice as + adj / adv + as . S + V three times as + much (N) as four times as + many ( N) as half Ex: She swims twice as fast as I (do). He earns half as much as his wife (does). Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 15 Equal

Ng phap c ban c) More and more + adj (dai) : cang nhieu Adj (ngan) + er and adj (ngan) + er : cang . Ex: Life in the city is more and more stressful. They work harder and harder. 5. Tnh t bat qui tac: SSB SSH SSN NGHA 1 bad/ badly worse worst Te, d 2 good/ well better best Gioi 3 much /many more most Nhieu 4 little less least t 5 far farther farthest Xa (k.cach) further furthest Hn (t. tin) 6 old older oldest Ln (chung) elder eldest Ln (anh ,ch) Ex: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung. My elder brother is 2 years older than I.

I. General rule:

S S

+ V +

O +

+ BE + V3 . by + O. (chia theo th cua cau chu ong)

II.

Ex: - She usually takes my car. My car is usually taken by her. - He has sent his son to another school. His son has been sent to another school. Active passive: 1 V1 am / is / are + V3 2 V2 was / were + V3 3 am/ is / are + Ving am/ is /are + being + V3 4 was / were + Ving was / were + being + V3 5 has / have + V3 has / have + been + V3 6 had + v3 had + been + v3 will / would 7 will / would can / could + V0 can / could + be + V3 may / might may / might (nguyen mau) must must be going to 8 be going to have to + be + V3 have to + V0 http://www.ebook.edu.vn 16

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Ng phap c ban used to like continue have + sb + V0 + sth get + sb + to + V0 + sth ask tell give bring buy + sb + sth lend show give bring buy + sth + prep + sth lend show see hear + O + Ving smell see hear + O + V0 smell make + O + V0 let + sb + v0 + sth sb + need + to +V0 + sth People + say + think believe report rumour assume It + be + said thought believed reported rumoured assumed used to (nguyen mau) like continue have + sth + V3 + .. +(by +sb) get + sth + V3 + .. + (by sb) (ch c dung get)

9 10

11

12

13

14

15 16 17 18

given brought sb + be + bought + sth lent shown given brought sth + be + bought + prep +sth lent shown seen s+ be + heard + Ving smelt seen s + be + heard + to + V0 smelt s + be + made + to + V0 sb + be + allowed + to + V0 sth + need + ving want (that) + S + V . : noi rang : ngh rang : tin rang : thong bao : on ai : tha nhan + (that) + S + V .

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Ng phap c ban S + be + said + to + V0 (tng ong, xay ra sau) thought to + have + V3 ( xay ra trc) believed reported rumoured assumed - People say that he is a spy. It is said that he is a spy. He is said to be a spy. - They think that Peter died. It is thought that Peter died. Peter is thought to have died.

Ex:

I. STATEMENT: Cau phat bieu (thuoc dang cau khang nh va phu nh) (THAT) SAID + V (oi th) TOLD + O Ex: - He said, I like football. He said that he liked to play football. Tom will fly to Paris next week, said Miss Hoa. Miss Hoa said that Tom would fly to Paris the following week. II. COMMANDS & REQUESTS: Cau yeu cau (thuoc dang menh lenh hoac yeu cau) Imperative form: V0 + . Request: Would you like ..? (menh lenh) Dont + V0 .. (yeu cau) Could / Can you + V0 ..? Why dont you + V0 ? S TOLD to + V0 ASKED BEGGED ORDERED not + to + URGED ADVISED Ex: She said to him, Come in, please Dont make noise, Tom said the mother. III. QUESTIONS: (Dang cau hoi)

V0
She told him to come in. The mother asked Tom not to make noise.

if / whether S + V (oi th) (yes/ no question) Wh / how (wh-question) Ex: She said to me, Will she come? She asked me if she came. Where do you live? asked the foreigner. The foreigner asked me where I lived. IV. Cac dang khac: Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn

S +

ASKED + O WONDERED WANTED TO KNOW

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Ng phap c ban 1. Lets + V0 . // Why dont we + V1 .. // What about + Ving . S + suggested + Ving Ex: He said, Lets have a drink. He suggested having a drink. Timmy said, Why dont we go on a picnic Timmy suggested going on a picnic. 2. Why dont you + V1 . ? // S + should + V0 .. S + advised + O + to + V0 Ex: She said to him, Why dont you go to the doctor? She advised him to go to the doctor. 3. Cau truc lien quan en tng thuat: - remind sb to do sth : nhac nh ai lam g - threaten to do sth: e doa - scold sb for (doing) sth : la ray, trach mang (nhat la oi voi tre em) - reproach sb for (doing) sth: khien trach - warn sb of/about sth : thong bao, canh bao - accuse sb of (doing) sth 1. Converting tenses and adverbs of time, place: DIRECT INDIRECT - V1 (s/es) V2 /ed had + V3 - V2 had + V3 - has/ have + V3 - am/ is/ are + Ving was / were + Ving - can could + V0 - will would + V0 - may might + V0 - must (must) / have to - have to had to - had + V3 had + V3

Notes:

DIRECT - yesterday - last night - two years ago - today - tonight - tomorrow

- next year - this - these - here - now

INDIRECT the previous day the day before the previous night the night before two years before that day that night the following day the day after the next day the following year the year after those there then

2. Cac trng hp khong oi th: a) Khi ong t tng thuat hien tai hoac tng: Ex: My mother says to me, you are my little pet. My mother tells me that I am her little pet. b) Cau trc tiep dien at mot chan ly hoac s that hien nhien: Ex: Galileo said, The earth goes around the sun. Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun. c) Th qua kh n a ro thi gian: Ex: Tom said to me, My grandfather died in 1990. Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990. d) Cau ieu kien loai 2, 3 va cau truc used to: Ex: If I had much money, I would have travel around the world. Said the boy. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 19

Ng phap c ban The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.

I. ong t i vi gerund: admit * allow anticipate * advise appreciate avoid be worth cant help complete consider defer delay deny dislike / detest dread encourage enjoy escape fancy finish forgive encourage imagine Ex:

: tha nhan : cho phep : lieu trc : khuyen : anh gia cao : tranh : ang (c) : khong the tranh : hoan thanh : xem xet, can nhac : hoan lai : tr hoan : phu nhan : khong thch : s : khuyen khch : thch : thoat khoi : thch : hoan thanh : tha thou : khuyen khch : tng tng

involve : bao gom, lien quan keep : gi mention : e cap miss : bo l not mind : khong ngai * permit : cho phep postpone : tr hoan practise : luyen tap resent : phat y, oan recollect : hoi tng risk : lieu lnh spend : dung, trai qua suggest : gi y, e ngh * teach : day tolerate : chu ng, tha thou understand : hieu

She admitted stealing his money. This job involves meeting people. Do you enjoy going to the beach? II. ong t theo sau la Ving hay to-infinitive: (Khong thay oi ngha) begin / start cant bear cant stand continue dread : bat au : khong the chu ng : khong the chu ng : tiep tuc : kinh s hate like love neglect prefer : ghet : thch : yeu : l la : thch hn

Ex: She began working / to work on the project. III. ong t theo sau la Ving hoac to-infinitive: (thay oi ngha) Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 20

Ng phap c ban Forget: quen Remember: nh Stop: ngng Try + to-inf : co gang Try + Ving : th Mean + to-inf: muon Mean + Ving: ngha la Regret + to-inf : rat tiec Regret + Ving : hoi han IV. ong t theo sau la V0: Make: khien Let: cho phep Have: nh Help: giup Dont forget to send me a postcard. (quen e lam) I will never forget working with you. (quen a lam) Remember to do your homework. (nh e lam) Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nh a lam) He stopped to smoke when he was driving. ( ngng e lam) We tried to win the game, but we failed. Have you ever tried windsurfing? I mean to take a trip to Canada. A trip to Da Lat means spending much money. We regret to say that your application cant be accepted. He regrets not going to her friends birthday party.

My mother makes me study. They let him go. I had him wash my car. Advertising helps (to) sell more products.

I. Dang pho bien: Type (loai) Possible future Untrue present Untrue past Ex:

If clause S + V1(s/es) S + V2 / were S + had + V3

Main clause S + will + V0 S + would + V0 S + would have + V3

II. Dang ao ng:

If she takes a taxi, she will come on time. If I were you, I would tell her the truth. If he helped us, we would finish it on time. If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

Type (loai) Possible future Untrue present

If clause Main clause Should + S + V0 .. S + will + V0 Were + S + adj/ NP . S + would + V0 Were + S + to V0 .. Untrue past Had + S + V3 .. S + would have + V3 Ex: Should she take a taxi, she will come on time. Were I you, I would tell her the truth. Were he to help us, we would finish it on time. Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

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Ng phap c ban III. Dang rut gon: Type (loai) Untrue present Untrue past If clause But for + NP Without + NP Main clause S + would + V0 S + would have + V3

Ex: If it hadnt been for his help, we wouldnt have succeeded. But for his help, we wouldnt have succeeded.

Type (loai) Possible future Untrue present

Main clause

S + wish(ed)

Untrue past Ex: She wishes she could visit London. I wish I were a president. They wish they hadnt stayed up late yesterday.

Wish clause S + would / could + V0 S + V2 / were S + were + Ving S + had + V3

5. Tnh t ngan va tnh t dai: c) Tnh t ngan: - tnh t n am: long , short, big, hot, fat .. - tnh t co hai am ket thuc la: er, le, ow, et , phu am + y. Ex: happy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, d) Tnh t dai: la tnh t co hai am tr len: Ex: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless 6. Types: Equal S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux S1 + negative V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux so S1 + V + more + adj / adv(dai) + than + S2 + aux S1 + V + adj / adv(ngan) + er + than + S2 + aux S + V + the most + adj / adv(dai) S + V + the + adj / adv (ngan) +est

Comparative Superlative Ex:

She is as beautiful as her mother (is). She isnt so careful as her mother (is). He drives more carefully than his friend (does). http://www.ebook.edu.vn 22

Chu c Dng

Ng phap c ban Tam studies the hardest in his class. My Thuan bridge is the longest one in Vietnam. Who is the most beautiful in your class?

7. Special: Less + adj / adv + than : t hn. Ex: This book is less expensive than that one 8. Double comparison: a) So sanh ong tien: ( Cang .. cang ..) The more + adj + S + V, (dai) The + adj + er + S + V , (ngan) Ex:

the more + adj + S + V (dai) the + adj + er + S + V (ngan)

The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes. The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes. b) So sanh gap oi, ba: S + V twice three times four times half as + adj / adv + as . as + much (N) as as + many ( N) as

She swims twice as fast as I (do). He earns half as much as his wife (does). c) So sanh luy tien: (ngay cang) More and more + adj (dai) : cang nhieu Adj (ngan) + er and adj (ngan) + er : cang . Ex: Life in the city is more and more stressful. They work harder and harder. 5. Tnh t bat qui tac: SSB bad/ badly good/ well much /many little far old SSH worse better more less farther further older elder SSN worst best most least farthest furthest oldest eldest NGHA Te, d Gioi Nhieu t Xa (k.cach) Hn (t. tin) Ln (chung) Ln (anh ,ch)

Ex:

1 2 3 4 5 6

Ex: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung My elder brother is 2 years older than I. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 23

Ng phap c ban NOTES: 1. No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj / adv + as + S2 S2 + negative V + the + most + adj / adv (dai) Adj / adv (ngan) + est Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam. Tam is the most intelligent in my class. 2. S1 + negative V + so + adj/adv as + S2 S2 + V + more adj/ adv + than S1 Adj +er

1. V tr: ng truc danh t bo ngha cho danh t o: 2. Mao t: a / an / the a. Mao t: a /an c goi la mao t bat nh. Ex: He is a good student. I saw an interesting film last night. b. Mao t the: c goi la mao t bat nh: Ex: I met a boy. The boy is very lazy. * Cach dung: - Dung truc vat duy nhat: the sun, the earth, the moon, - ten song , ten bien: the Long Binh River, the Thames, the Missouri River, the Panama Canal, the Black Sea, the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, . - ten cac day nui, hon ao, quoc gia lien hp: the Alps, the Himalayas, the British Islands, the United states, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, .. - Dung truc adj ch mot tap hp ngi: the rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, the old, the Vietnamese, the British, - trc tnh t so sanh nhat: the most beautiful girl, the earliest comer, - Cum ng: The + N + of the/our +N Ex: the date of the meeting the problems of overpollution

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Ng phap c ban

COMMON STRUCTURE
1. So/ such . that: qua .. en noi a. Cong thc: S+V so such so many so few so much so little adj / adv (a / an) + adj + N (adj) + N so nhieu (adj) + N so t that S+ V

Ex: The weather was so cold that we couldnt go out. It was such cold weather that we couldnt go out. There are so many people that we cant find Tom. He ate so much meat that he got fat. There is so little water that people couldnt leave here.

b. ao trang: S+ V that S + V + so adj + a/ an + N S+V that So + adj + be + S Ex: It is so expensive a car that we cant buy it. So expensive is the car that we cant buy it. : (ai) mat ktg e : trai qua ktg lam g : tieu xai ve S + spend / spent + money + on + Sth Ex: It takes me 2 hours to do homework every day. I spend 2 hours doing homework every day. She spends much money on clothes. S + would rather + (not) + V0 S + would rather + V0 .. + than + V0 S + would rather + S + V2 / were +. S + would rather + (not) + have + V3 S + would rather + S + had + V3 + . Ex: (HT) : muon, thch (HT) : thch .. hn (HT) : muon, thch (QK) : muon, thch (QK) : muon, thch It + takes / took + (O ) + Ktg S + spend / spent + Ktg + (in) + to V0 .. + Ving

2.

3.

1. She would rather go to the cinema. 2. I would rather watch TV than go out. 3. I would rather he didnt smoke here. 4. We would rather not have told her about that. 5. The boy would rather he had gone to the party yesterday.

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Ng phap c ban
- She would rather he had phoned her last week.

4. The last time + S + V2 was + in + 1993 when S+ V2 two years ago S + havent / hasnt + V3 .. since 1990 since S + V2 for two years It is + KTG + since + S (last) + V2
Ex:

Lan cuoi la

a khong .

a bao lau ke t ..

1. The last time we met him was in 1990. We havent met him since 1990. 2. The last time I talked to him was when I was at school. I havent talked to him since I was at school. 3. The last time we played football was ten years ago. We havent played football for ten years. Its ten years since we (last) played football.

5.

Speculating events in the past Dang phan oan (ve qua kh) ang le nen S + should have + V3 Co le a S + would / could + have + V3 Co le a S + might have + V3 Khong the a S + cant have + V3 Ex: I should have stayed up last night. ( I stayed up last night and now I regret) The woman might have gone home. 6. as if / as though : dng nh

S+V
7.

as if as though

S + V2 S + had + V3

(KT-HT) (KT-QK)

Ex: She talked as if she were my mother. She talked as though she had just met a ghost. S + V Mac du Much as + S +V , Adj / Adv though + S + V , Ex: Much as I admired him, she didnt like his behavior. Hard as he studied, he couldnt pass the exam.

8. Nh, Due to + Ving / NP Do Owing to Thanks to Because of Ex: The train was late due to the storm. Owing to his help we managed to put out the fire. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn

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Ng phap c ban 9. Because of working hard, he passed all the exams.

: a en luc Its (high / about) time + for + O + to V0 Its (high / about) time + S + V2 Ex: Its time she went to bed. Its time for her to go to bed. 10. ngay khi .th, va mi . th a) S + had no sooner + V3 + than + S + V2 hardly + V3 + when + S + V2 barely scarcely Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him. I had hardly locked the door when he came. b) No sooner had + S + V3 than + S + V2 had + S + V3 Hardly when + S + V2 Barely Scarcely Ex: No sooner had we gone out than it began to rain. Hardly had he gone to bed when he heard a shot.

11. a)

It + be + adj + (for O ) + to-inf Ving + be + adj . To-inf Ex: It is important (for us) to study English. To study English is important. Studying English is important.

b)

t te Its + nice + of + sb + to-inf : lch s polite t te kind chu ao considerate tho lo rude Ex: It is kind of you to help me with the homework. c) sb + be + nice polite Chu c Dng to + sb / sth t te lch s 27

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Ng phap c ban kind considerate rude He is kind to everyone. You are a little rude to customers sb than thien t te chu ao tho lo

EX: 12.

friendly to

chi than friendly with sb Ex: Im friendly with Huong. Everybody likes him because he is friendly to them. 13. Extra object it: : tm thay S + find + it + adj / noun + to-inf : xem nh consider that + clause : nhan nh make Wh : ngh rang think : tin rang believe : chng to prove Ex: He finds it difficult to do maths. My sister made it her duty to do housework. 14. : thch hn S + prefer + Ving / sth + to + Ving / sth : thch hn S + prefer + to-inf + than + to-inf . Ex: They prefer swimming to playing football. I prefer to cook than (to) clean the floor. 15. : phien ban/ ong .. Would you mind + (not) + Ving .? : the con .. th sao How about + Ving / NP ? : the con .. th sao What about + Ving / NP? Ex: Would you mind not smoking here? How about (having) some biscuits? 16. : bat buoc It is + obligatory that + S + (should) + V0 : quan trong important : cap bach urgent : can thiet necessary : song con vital : khon ngoan, sensible sang suot .. Ex: It is important that he (should) study hard. It is urgent that the government (should) ban cars from the city center. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 28

Ng phap c ban 17. There + be + N + left / available Ex: There is no tea left. There are no seats available. It was : co cai g san co, con lai

18.

19.

when + clause + that + clause while because Ex: It was while he was driving a car that he saw an UFO. S + learned /began / started + to V0 when + S + V2 S + has /have + V3 since + S + V2 Ex: He started to learn English when he was 5 years old He has learned English since he was 5 years old It was not until + S + V2 Not until + S + V2 + that + S + V2 + did + S + V1

: chnh luc, chnh la

hoc, bat au khi

20.

Mai cho en khi

21.

Ex: It was not until he spoke that I realized him. Not until he spoke did I realize him. Khong nhng . S + not only + V but + S + also + V ma con Not only + aux + S + V but + S + also + V Ex: She not only speaks English fluently but she also writes well. Not only does she speaks English fluently but she also writes well. : sap Be about + to V0 . Be on the point of + Ving Ex: Tom is about to leave. I was on the point of going to bed when you rang. The company is on the point of collapse.

22.

23.

It + be + no good no use

+ Ving

: vo ch (e lam g)

Ex: Its no use trying to persuade him to go.

24. There is no point in + Ving : vo ch e Ex: There is no point in asking me for money. Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 29

Ng phap c ban 27. There is a ban on + sth : cam : s gia tang There is an increase in + sth a rise : s giam There is a decrease in + sth a fall a decline Ex: There is a fall in the price of gold. There is a ban on selling weapons. Whatever + (N) + (S) + V , S + V Whenever + S + V , S + V Wherever However + (adj) + S + V , S + V cho du cai g bat c khi nao bat c ni nao cho du nh the nao

28.

29.

Ex: Whatever difficulty you meet, we still help you. Whenever he meets me, he borrows me some money. However hard he tries, he doesnt get promotion. This is the first time + S + have/has + V3 S + have never + V3 + ..... before. Ex: This is the first time I have met him. I have never met him before. S + should + Vo must had better (Dont ) + V0 If + S + dont/ doesnt + V1 , S + will + V0 , or (else) + S + will + V0 otherwise Neu khong th

30.

Ex: (You should) hurry up, or you will be late. If you dont hurry up, you will be late 31. COMMON NOUN COMPOUND: 1 N+N Postman, football, milkman, sunlight, salesman.. 2 Adj + N Blackboard, grandparents, sweetheart ... 3 Ving + N Looking glass, wrapping paper, writing desk, ... 4 Filmmaker, bus driver, shoemaker, art editor, .. N + Verb + er/or 5 N + Ving Man-eating, letter-writing, book-keeping

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Ng phap c ban 32. COMMON ADJ COMPOUND 1 Well / ill + V3 2 3 4 5 33. Number + N Noun + adj Adj + N Ill-prepared, well-prepared, well-equipped, wellknown, ill-educated, ... Five-year, three-storey, ten-year-old, four-hour Seasick, homesick, snow-white, mile-wide, ... First-class (ticket),

BASIC NOUN PHRASES: consisting of noun heads and other words that can occur before them. Article numeral size quality age shape colour Determiner Possessive Some small beautiful The first two new pink His curly brown A pair of Ten top nationality Ving material Ved Noun head chairs dresses hair rackets songs

steel

35.
A. never + V + .. hardly seldom rarely no longer Never + aux + S + V . Hardly Seldom Rarely No longer B. ngay khi .th // va mi . th S + had no sooner + V3 + than + S + V2 hardly + V3 + when + S + V2 Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him. I had hardly locked the door when I realized that I had left the key inside. No sooner had + S + V3 than + S + V2 had + S + V3 Hardly when + S + V2 S + Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 31

Ng phap c ban Ex: No sooner had the boss got to the office than the rain began to fall. Hardly had he come home when he realized that someone had broken into his house. S+ only + V + with / by + NP Only with / by + aux + S + V Ex: They can only finish their work with her help. Only with her help can they finish their work. S1 + not only + V . but + S + also + V Not only + aux + S1 + V .. but + S + also + V Ex: They not only helped me but (they) also gave me some money. Not only did they help me but they also gave me some money 36. I. ARTICLE: 1. V tr: ng truc danh t bo ngha cho danh t o: 2. Mao t: a / an / the a. a /an : c goi la mao t bat nh. * Cach dung: khi e cap lan th nhat, trong dang nh ngha. Ex: I saw an interesting film last night. Football is a good sport. b. the : c goi la mao t xac nh: Ex: I met a boy. The boy is very lazy. * Cach dung: - Dung truc vat duy nhat: the sun, the earth, the moon, - ten song , ten bien: the Long Binh River, the Thames, the Missouri River, the Panama Canal, the Black Sea, the Pacific (Ocean), the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, . - ten cac day nui, hon ao, quoc gia lien hp: the Alps, the Himalayas, the British Islands, the United states, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, .. - Dung truc adj ch mot tap hp ngi: the rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind, the old, the Vietnamese, the British, - trc tnh t so sanh nhat: the most beautiful girl, the earliest comer, - Cum ng: The + N + of the/our +N Ex: the date of the meeting the problems of overpopulation II. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: (ai t phan than) 1. I myself : chnh toi 2. You yourself : chnh ban 3. he himself : chnh anh ay 4. she herself : chnh co ay Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 32

C.

D.

Ng phap c ban 5. it itself : chnh no 6. we ourselves : chnh chung toi 7. you yourselves : chnh cac ban 8. they themselves : chnh ho 9. one oneself : chnh mnh * Dung TPT e nhan manh cho mot danh t hoac ai t (chu ng hoac tan ng) - Nhan manh cho chu ng: ng sau chu ng hoac cuoi cau Ex: Ann herself opened the door. Ann opened the door herself. - Nhan manh cho tan ng: ng trc tiep sau tan ng. Ex : I was given this book by the author herself. I saw the dog itself. * Dung TPT khi tan ng trung vi chu ng: Ex: She only thinks about herself, never of the other. I teach myself English. * Dung : by + TPT ( cuoi cau) mot mnh Ex: He can do it by himself. He sat by himself. (= alone) III. Reciprocal pronouns: (ai t ho tng) Lam tan ng - each other : vi nhau (cho 2 ngi/ vat) - one another : vi nhau (cho 3 ngi / vat tr len) Ex: The two boys talk to each other. They help one another. IV. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: 1. my mine : cua toi 2. your yours : cua ban 3. his his : cua anh ay 4. her hers : cua co ay 5. its its : cua no 6. our ours : cua chung toi 7. your yours : cua cac ban 8. their theirs : cua ho Ex: This is my book. That is yours.

I. Gii t ch thi gian: 1. IN: vao luc, trong vong Cach dung: - nam, thang - mua, khoang thi gian in September 1990 Chu c Dng

* Cum thi gian khong can gii t: last night tomorrow morning this week these days next year nowadays every day today yesterday tonight 33

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Ng phap c ban the morning / afternoon / evening spring the next few years the night three weeks fifteen minutes 2. AT: vao luc at 2 oclock night /noon / midnight weekend that time lunch(time) present Christmas the moment the age of 18 3. ON: vao luc * Cach dung: - th, ngay, on Tuesday 7th July that day Thursday afternoon The morning of the 8th Christmas day holidays 4. From to .. : t en . 5. during the show : trong buoi trnh dien 6. for + ktg : trong 7. since 1998 : ke t 8. by Friday : trc th sau 9. over eight years : hn tam nam * co hoac khong co gii t: (on) that day (in) the previous day (on) the following Sunday II. Gii t ch ni chon: 1. in : trong in the room the schoolyard London the box (hop) the field the corner of the room 2. at : ke, tai at the door the library the theatre the table home school sea (i bien) the seaside the corner of the street 3. On: tren on the floor the wall the ceiling table the farm 4. in front of my house: trc nha toi behind the park : ang sau opposite the bank : oi dien ngan hang above the picture : tren bc tranh below the paragraph : dui oan van under the chair : di ghe (c che, bao) between Asia and America : gia (hai vat) among the trees : gia cac cay (3 tr len) over the village : tren (chuyen ong, bao phu) across the street : bang ngang qua ng

PREPOSITION
1. BE + ADJ + PREP: be afraid of be acceptable to sb be accustomed to Chu c Dng : e s : co the chap nhan bi : quen vi http://www.ebook.edu.vn

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Ng phap c ban be acquainted with be agreeable to sth/sb be ahead of be amazed at / by be annoyed with sb at / about sth be absent from be available for sth ; to sb be aware of be bored with be capable of be clever at be confident of sth ; in sb be confused about be contrary to be crowded with be easy for be excited at / about be different from / to be difficult for be famous for be fed up with be fond of be friendly with/ to be full of be good/ bad at be harmful to be interested in be involved in be keen on be kind to be late for be lucky for sb be open to be perfect for be rich in be safe from be similar to be pleasant to sb be popular with be present at be proud of be quick at Chu c Dng : quen vi : (c) chap nhan : trc, sm hn : ngac nhien : bc mnh : vang mat : san co : nhan biet : chan : co kha nang : kheo leo, linh hoat : tin tng : nham lan : trai ngc : ong uc : de dang : hng thu : khac : kho khan : noi tieng : chan : thch : chi than/ than thien : ay : gioi ve : co hai : say me : lien quan : say me : t te : tre : may man : m ca cho : hoan hao : giau co : an toan : tng t : than mat : pho bien : co mat : t hao : nhanh nhay http://www.ebook.edu.vn 35

Ng phap c ban be responsible for sth to sb be sad about be satisfied with be serious about be short of be skilful at be skilled at / in be sorry for sb /sth ; about sth be successful in be surprised at / by be tired ---of from be useful for be worried about thank sb for + Ving apologize to sb for + Ving / sth get along (with sb / sth) get on (with sb / sth ) get up look forward to + Ving / sth look after look at pick sb / sth up prevent sb from + Ving / sth protect sb from / against sth provide --- sb with sth sth for sb : remind sb of + Ving / sth run out ( of sth) stay up take care of talk / speak to sb tell sb (about) sth : chu trach nhiem ve : chu trach nhiem bao cao : buon : thoa man : nghiem tuc : thieu : kheo leo : kheo leo : toi nghiep cho , xin loi ve : thanh cong : ngac nhien : chan : met v (ket qua) : hu dung : lo lang : cam n ai ve : xin loi : hoa thuan, an y : tiep tuc : thc day : mong moi : cham soc : nhn vao : on ai , nhat cai g : ngan chan : bao ve : cung cap : gi nh : can kiet : thc khuya : cham soc : noi : bao, noi vi

(be likely + to inf; be lucky to do sth / that + clause) 2. VERB + PREP: accuse sb of ving / sth : to cao agree with sb about/ on sth : ong y agree with sth : ong y ( vi y kien) apply for : nop n arrive in /at : en Chu c Dng http://www.ebook.edu.vn 36

Ng phap c ban Be about to inf Be on the point of + Ving believe in belong to borrow sth from sb break out call off complain (to sb) about sth concentrate on congratulate sb (on sth) consider sb as sth depend on die of sth divide sth into . dream about / of get rid of give up go away go for a walk go off go out go over go shopping / fishing / swimming happen to sb / sth have (no / any ) difficulty + Ving hear of sth / sb from sb laugh at leave (sw) for sw live on sth put off regard A as B search (sw) for sth suffer from take part in take place think of / about translate sth into sth turn on / off wait for 3. VERB + VING enjoy + Ving Chu c Dng : sap : sap : tin tng : thuoc ve : mn : bung no : huy bo : phan nan : tap trung : chuc mng : xem xet : phu thuoc : chet v : chia thanh : m : vt bo : bo : i xa : i dao : no, nha an,reo : tat ( la , en) : xem ky : i mua sam/ cau ca/ bi : xay ra (vi) : gap kho khan : nghe noi ve : nhan tin t : ci nhao : ri . en : song nh vao : tr hoan : xem nh : tm, luc : au kho : tham gia : dien ra : ngh ve : dch sang : m/ tat : ch : thch http://www.ebook.edu.vn 37

Ng phap c ban avoid consider finish cant help cant stand/ bear be worth 4. VERB + ADJ seem + adj look feel become get (turn) appear 5. VERB + N + PREP: catch sight of feel pity for feel regret for feel sympathy for give birth to give place to give way to have a preference for have an effect on have an influence on keep correspondence with keep pace with keep up with lose sight of lose touch with lose track of make a contributtion to make a decision on make a fuss over / about make allowance for make fun of make room for make up ones mind make use of pay attention to put a stop to put an end to Chu c Dng : tranh : xem xet : hoan thanh : khong the nhn : khong the chu ng : ang c

: dng nh : trong co ve : cam thay : tr nen : tr nen : trong co ve

: bat gap, thay ai : thng xot : hoi tiec, an han : thong cam : sinh : nhng cho nhng bo, chu thua : thch : anh hng : anh hng : lien he th t vi : sanh bc : theo kp : mat hut, khong con thay : mat lien lac : mat dau : ong gop : quyet nh : lam am ve : chieu co : ua ct : danh cho cho : quyet nh : s dung, li dung : chu y : cham dt : ket thuc http://www.ebook.edu.vn 38

Ng phap c ban set fire to take / have an interest in take / have pity on take account of take advantage of take care of take note of take notice of take pride in : thieu huy : say me : thng xot : ke en, tnh en : li dung, tan dung : cham soc : ghi nh, chu y : chu y : hanh dien

Chu c Dng

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