INTRODUCTION

Bamboos are some of the fastest growing plants in the world, as some species are capable of growing 100 cm or more per day due to a unique rhizome-dependent system. However, the growth rate is partially dependent on local soil and climatic conditions. Bamboos are of notable economic and cultural significance in South Asia, South East Asia and East Asia, being used for building materials, as a food source, and as a versatile raw product.Bamboo fibre is a new regenerated cellulose fibre produced from bamboo plant. This polymeric material is characterized by its good soft feel, air permeability, antibacterial and hygroscopic properties, exceptional eco friendliness. First commercially produced in 21st century it has wide prospects in different fields of textile industry. The consumption of bamboo fibre in textile industry is constantly growing all over the world beginning from the country of its origin China and ranging to the famous textile companies in the USA and Europe. The main garments produced from bamboo fibre are T-shirts, terry towels, socks, bed linen, knitted materials for sports and leisure wear, etc. Research is carried out in the area of bamboo fibre processing, properties of textile materials and widening of the application areas. Textile hand is one of the essential parameters characterizing garments appearance and quality. It could be expected that inclusion of bamboo fiber into textile materials made from mixed fibres can positively improve their hand. The goal of this research was to carry out quantitative evaluation and comparison of hand parameters of bamboo, cotton and cotton/bamboo blended fabrics of various structures and finishing solution. Cotton remains the most miraculous fiber under the sun, even after 8,000 years. No other fiber comes close to duplicating all of the desirable characteristics combined in cotton. The fiber of a thousand faces and almost as many uses, cotton is noted for its versatility, appearance, performance and above all, its natural comfort. From all types of apparel, including astronauts in-flight space suits, to sheets and towels, and tarpaulins and tents, cotton in todays fast-moving world is still natures wonder fiber. It provides thousands of useful products and supports millions of jobs as it moves from field to fabric.
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It has only been in recent years that the right technology has been applied to bamboo fibers to turn them into fabric on a wide scale. Interblending bamboo fibre into cotton fabric weft gives an opportunity to increase the softness of the fabric and to extend the assortment of natural fabrics.

OBJECTIVE

To know about the history of bamboo. To know about the history of cotton.
To study about the bamboo fiber property. To study about the cotton fiber property. To blend the bamboo and cotton fiber.

To know about the weave structure in the fabric. To design and construct kids garment. To apply floral art in garment.

I - REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1. HISTORY OF BAMBOO 1.1 GENUS AND GEOGRAPHY

More than 70 genera are divided into about 1,450 species. Bamboo species are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. They occur across East Asia, from 50N latitude in Sakhalin through to Northern Australia, and west to India and the Himalayas. They also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and in the Americas from the Mid-Atlantic United States south to Argentina and Chile, reaching their southernmost point anywhere, at 47S latitude. Continental Europe is not known to have any native species of bamboo. There have recently been some attempts to grow bamboo on a commercial basis in the Great Lakes region of eastern-central Africa, especially in Rwanda. Companies in the United States are growing, harvesting and distributing species such as Henon and Moso. Bamboo fabric patents were created in the 1800s. Bamboo fabric is becomingly increasing popular as a market for the products develops in the United States, but its origins still lie in Asia. It has only been in recent years that the right technology has been applied to bamboo fibers to turn them into fabric on a wide scale. The history of bamboo use in general goes back thousands of years, but fabric is a much more modern invention. Bamboo is the name given to a group of perennial evergreen plant that is commonly found in Eastern Asia, the Americas, Australasia and sub-Saharan Africa. In Eastern and South Eastern Asia, the plant is of high economic importance, where it is used in gardens, for food and as a crucial material for building.
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As a woody plant, it is hardy, and can be found growing in a diverse range of climates from the tropical jungle environment of Chile, to the high cold mountain slopes of the Himalayas. In fact it is only Canada, Europe, Antarctica and Western Asia where bamboo is not found as a native plant species! It has however been introduced to these areas too, and usually takes to the climates in these places just as easily. One of the main factors behind the usefulness of bamboo over history, and indeed its success as a plant on such a large scale, is the rate at which it grows. As the fastest growing plant on earth, bamboo has been measured at having a growth rate exceeding one metre per hour for short periods. Studies have the record for daily growth as 121cm over a 24-hour period. Although the modern plant is a little shorter, heights of 250 feet were not unusual for prehistoric bamboo varieties.

1.2 GROWTH
Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants on Earth with reported growth rates of 100 cm (39 in) in 24 hours. Primarily growing in regions of warmer climates during the Cretaceous period, vast fields existed in what is now Asia. Bamboo is known to grow over 30 metres (98 ft) tall.Unlike trees, all bamboo have the potential to grow to full height and girth in a single growing season of 34 months. During this first season, the clump of young shoots grows vertically, with no branching. In the next year, the pulpy wall of each culm or stem slowly dries and hardens. The culm begins to sprout branches and leaves from each node. During the third year, the culm further hardens. The shoot is now considered a fully mature culm. Over the next 25 years (depending on species), fungus and mold begin to form on the outside of the culm, which eventually penetrate and overcome the culm. Around 5 8 years later (species and climate dependent), the fungal and mold growth cause the culm to collapse and decay. This brief life means culms are ready for harvest and suitable for use in construction within about 3 7 years.

1.3 MASS FLOWERING

Although some bamboos flower every year, most species flower infrequently. In fact, many bamboos only flower at intervals as long as 65 or 120 years. These taxa exhibit mass
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flowering , with all plants in the population flowering simultaneously. The longest mass flowering interval known is 130 years, and is found for all the species Phyllostachys bambusoides .In this species, all plants of the same stock flower at the same time, regardless of differences in geographic locations or climatic conditions, then the bamboo dies. The lack of environmental impact on the time of flowering indicates the presence of some sort of alarm clock in each cell of the plant which signals the diversion of all energy to flower production and the cessation of vegetative growth. This mechanism, as well as the evolutionary cause behind it, is still largely a mystery. One theory to explain the evolution of this semelparous mass flowering is the predator satiation hypothesis. This theory argues that by fruiting at the same time, a population increases the survival rate of their seeds by flooding the area with fruit so that even if predators eat their fill, there will still be seeds left over. By having a flowering cycle longer than the lifespan of the rodent predators, bamboos can regulate animal populations by causing starvation during the period between flowering events. Thus, according to this hypothesis, the death of the adult clone is due to resource exhaustion, as it would be more effective for parent plants to devote all resources to creating a large seed crop than to hold back energy for their own regeneration. A second theory, the fire cycle hypothesis, argues that periodic flowering followed by death of the adult plants has evolved as a mechanism to create disturbance in the habitat, thus providing the seedlings with a gap in which to grow. This hypothesis argues that the dead culms create a large fuel load, and also a large target for lightning strikes, increasing the likelihood of wildfire. Because bamboos are very aggressive as early successional plants, the seedlings would be able to outstrip other plants and take over the space left by their parents. However, both have been disputed for different reasons. The predator satiation theory does not explain why the flowering cycle is 10 times longer than the lifespan of the local rodents, something not predicted by the theory. The bamboo fire cycle theory is considered by a few scientists to be unreasonable; they argue that fires only result from humans and there is no natural fire in India. This notion is considered wrong based on distribution of lightning strike data during the dry season throughout India. However, another argument against this theory is

the lack of precedent for any living organism to harness something as unpredictable as lightning strikes to increase its chance of survival as part of natural evolutionary progress. The mass fruiting also has direct economic and ecological consequences, however. The huge increase in available fruit in the forests often causes a boom in rodent populations, leading to increases in disease and famine in nearby human populations. For example, there are devastating consequences when the Melocanna bambusoides population flowers and fruits once every 3035 years around the Bay of Bengal. The death of the bamboo plants following their fruiting means the local people lose their building material, and the large increase in bamboo fruit leads to a rapid increase in rodent populations. As the number of rodents increase, they consume all available food, including grain fields and stored food, sometimes leading to famine. These rats can also carry dangerous diseases such as typhus, typhoid, and bubonic plague, which can reach epidemic proportions as the rodents increase in number. The relationship between rat populations and bamboo flowering was examined in a 2009 Nova documentary Rat Attack.

1.4 CULTIVATION 1.4.1 COMMERCIAL TIMBER

Timber is harvested from cultivated and wild stands and some of the larger bamboos, particularly species in the genus Phyllostachs, are known as "timber bamboos".

1.4.2 HARVESTING
Bamboo used for construction purposes must be harvested when the culms reach their greatest strength and when sugar levels in the sap are at their lowest, as high sugar content increases the ease and rate of pest infestation. Harvesting of bamboo is typically undertaken according to the following cycles: 1) Life cycle of the Culm: As each individual culm goes through a 57 year life cycle, culms are ideally allowed to reach this level of maturity prior to full capacity harvesting. The clearing out or thinning of culms, particularly older decaying culms, helps to ensure adequate
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light and resources for new growth. Well-maintained clumps may have a productivity three to four times that of an unharvested wild clump. 2) Life cycle of the Culm: As per the life cycle described above, bamboo is harvested from two to three years through to five to seven years, depending on the species. 3) Annual cycle: As all growth of new bamboo occurs during the wet season, disturbing the clump during this phase will potentially damage the upcoming crop. Also during this high rain fall period, sap levels are at their highest, and then diminish towards the dry season. Picking immediately prior to the wet/growth season may also damage new shoots. Hence, harvesting is best at the end of the dry season, a few months prior to the start of the wet. 4) Daily cycle: During the height of the day, photosynthesis is at its peak, producing the highest levels of sugar in sap, making this the least ideal time of day to harvest. Many traditional practitioners believe the best time to harvest is at dawn or dusk on a waning moon. This practice makes sense in terms of both moon cycles, visibility and daily cycles.

1.4.3. LEACHING
Leaching is the removal of sap after harvest. In many areas of the world, the sap levels in harvested bamboo are reduced either through leaching or postharvest photosynthesis. Examples of this practice include: 1. Cut bamboo is raised clear of the ground and leant against the rest of the clump for one to two weeks until leaves turn yellow to allow full consumption of sugars by the plant. 2. A similar method is undertaken, but with the base of the culm standing in fresh water, either in a large drum or stream to leach out sap. 3. Cut culms are immersed in a running stream and weighted down for three to four weeks. 4. Water is pumped through the freshly cut culms, forcing out the sap (this method is often used in conjunction with the injection of some form of treatment).

In the process of water leaching, the bamboo is dried slowly and evenly in the shade to avoid cracking in the outer skin of the bamboo, thereby reducing opportunities for pest infestation. Durability of bamboo in construction is directly related to how well it is handled from the moment of planting through harvesting, transportation, storage, design, construction and maintenance. Bamboo harvested at the correct time of year and then exposed to ground contact or rain, will break down just as quickly as incorrectly harvested material.

1.5 ORNAMENTAL BAMBOOS

There are two general patterns for the growth of bamboo: "clumping" and "running" . Clumping bamboo species tend to spread slowly, as the growth pattern of the rhizomes is to simply expand the root mass gradually, similar to ornamental grasses. "Running" bamboos, on the other hand, need to be taken care of in cultivation because of their potential for aggressive behavior. They spread mainly through their roots and/or rhizomes, which can spread widely underground and send up new culms to break through the surface. Running bamboo species are highly variable in their tendency to spread; this is related to both the species and the soil and climate conditions. Some can send out runners of several metres a year, while others can stay in the same general area for long periods. If neglected, over time they can cause problems by moving into adjacent areas. Bamboos seldom and unpredictably flower, and the frequency of flowering varies greatly from species to species. Once flowering takes place, a plant will decline and often die entirely. Although there are always a few species of bamboo in flower at any given time, collectors desiring to grow specific bamboo typically obtain their plants as divisions of already-growing plants, rather than waiting for seeds to be produced. Regular maintenance will indicate major growth directions and locations. Once the rhizomes are cut, they are typically removed; however, rhizomes take a number of months to mature and an immature, severed rhizome will usually cease growing if left in-ground. If any bamboo shoots come up outside of the bamboo area afterwards, their presence indicates the
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precise location of the missed rhizome. The fibrous roots that radiate from the rhizomes do not produce more bamboo if they stay in the ground. Bamboo growth can also be controlled by surrounding the plant or grove with a physical barrier. Typically, concrete and specially-rolled HDPE plastic are the materials used to create the barrier, which is placed in a 6090 cm (2.03.0 ft) deep ditch around the planting, and angled out at the top to direct the rhizomes to the surface. (This is only possible if the barrier is installed in a straight line.) This method is very detrimental to ornamental bamboo as the bamboo within quickly becomes root boundshowing all the signs of any unhealthy containerized plant. Symptoms include rhizomes escaping over the top, down underneath, and bursting the barrier. The bamboo within generally deteriorates in quality as fewer and fewer culms grow each year, culms live shorter periods, new culm diameter decreases, fewer leaves grow on the culms, and leaves turn yellow as the unnaturally contained root mass quickly depletes the soil of nutrients, and curling leaves as the condensed roots cannot collect the water they need to sustain the foliage. Strong rhizomes and tools can penetrate plastic barriers with relative ease, so great care must be taken. Barriers usually fail sooner or later, or the bamboo within suffers greatly. Casual observation of many failed barriers has shown bursting of 60-mil (1.5 mm) HDPE in five to six years, and rhizomes diving underneath in as few as three years after installation. In small areas, regular maintenance is the only perfect method of controlling the spreading bamboos. Bamboo contained by barriers is much more difficult to remove than free-spreading bamboo. Barriers and edging are unnecessary for clump-forming bamboos. Clump-forming bamboos may eventually need to have portions removed if they become too large. The ornamental plant sold in containers and marketed as "lucky bamboo" is actually an entirely unrelated plant, Dracaena sanderiana. It is a resilient member of the lily family that grows in the dark, tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia and Africa. Lucky bamboo has long been associated with the Eastern practice of feng shui. On a similar note, Japanese knotweed is also sometimes mistaken for a bamboo, but it grows wild and is considered an invasive species.

1.6 USES CULINARY

The shoots (new culms that come out of the ground) of bamboo are edible. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths, and are available in supermarkets in various sliced forms, in both fresh and canned versions. The shoots of the giant bamboo contain cyanide. Despite this, the golden bamboo lemur ingests many times the quantity of toxin that would kill a human. The bamboo shoot in its fermented state forms an important ingredient in cuisines across the Himalayas. In Assam, India, for example, it is called khorisa. In Nepal, a delicacy popular across ethnic boundaries consists of bamboo shoots fermented with turmeric and oil, and cooked with potatoes into a dish that usually accompanies rice. In Indonesia, they are sliced thin and then boiled with santan (thick coconut milk) and spices to make a dish called gulai rebung. Other recipes using bamboo shoots are sayur lodeh (mixed vegetables in coconut milk) and lun pia. The shoots of some species contain toxins that need to be leached or boiled out before they can be eaten safely. Pickled bamboo, used as a condiment, may also be made from the pith of the young shoots. The sap of young stalks tapped during the rainy season may be fermented to make ulanzi (a sweet wine) or simply made into a soft drink. Bamboo leaves are also used as wrappers for steamed dumplings which usually contains glutinous rice and other ingredients. In Sambalpur, India, the tender shoots are grated into juliennes and fermented to prepare kardi. The name is derived from the Sanskrit word for bamboo shoot, karira. This fermented bamboo shoot is used in various culinary preparations, notably amil, a sour vegetable soup. It is also made into pancakes using rice flour as a binding agent. The shoots that have turned a little
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fibrous are fermented, dried, and ground to sand-sized particles to prepare a garnish known as hendua. It is also cooked with tender pumpkin leaves to make sag green leaves. The empty hollow in the stalks of larger bamboo is often used to cook food in many Asian cultures. Soups are boiled and rice is cooked in the hollows of fresh stalks of bamboo directly over a flame. Similarly, steamed tea is sometimes rammed into bamboo hollows to produce compressed forms of Pu-erh tea. Cooking food in bamboo is said to give the food a subtle but distinctive taste. In addition, bamboo is frequently used for cooking utensils within many cultures, and is used in the manufacture of chopsticks. In modern times, some see bamboo tools as an eco friendly alternative to other manufactured utensils.

1.7 MEDICINE
Bamboo is used in Chinese medicine for treating infections and healing. It is a lowcalorie source of potassium. It is known for its sweet taste and as a good source of nutrients and protein. In Ayurveda, the Indian system of traditional medicine, the silicious concretion found in the culms of the bamboo stem is called banslochan. It is known as tabashir or tawashir in UnaniTibb the Indo-Persian system of medicine. In English, it is called "bamboo manna". This concretion is said to be a tonic for the respiratory diseases. It was earlier obtained from Melocanna bambusoides and is very hard to get. In most Indian literature, Bambusa arundinacea is described as the source of bamboo manna.

1.8 CONSTRUCTION
In its natural form, bamboo as a construction material is traditionally associated with the cultures of South Asia, East Asia and the South Pacific, to some extent in Central and South America and by extension in the aesthetic of Tiki culture. In China and India, bamboo was used to hold up simple suspension bridges, either by making cables of split bamboo or twisting whole culms of sufficiently pliable bamboo together. One such bridge in the area of Qian-Xian is
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referenced in writings dating back 960 A.D. and may have stood since as far back as the 3rd century B.C., due largely to continuous maintenance. It has long been used as scaffolding; the practice has been banned in China for buildings over six storeys but is still in continuous use for skyscrapers in Hong Kong. In the Philippines, the nipa hut is a fairly typical example of the most basic sort of housing where bamboo is used; the walls are split and woven bamboo, and bamboo slats and poles may be used as its support. In Japanese architecture, bamboo is used primarily as a supplemental and/or decorative element in buildings such as fencing, fountains, grates and gutters, largely due to the ready abundance of quality timber. Various structural shapes may be made by training the bamboo to assume them as it grows. Squared sections of bamboo are created by compressing the growing stalk within a square form. Arches may similarly be created by forcing the bamboo's growth with the desired form, and costs much less than it would to assume the same shape in regular wood timber. More traditional forming methods, such as the application of heat and pressure, may also be used to curve or flatten the cut stalks. Bamboo can be cut and laminated into sheets and planks. This process involves cutting stalks into thin strips, planning them flat, boiling and drying the strips, which are then glued, pressed and finished. Generally long used in China and Japan, entrepreneurs started developing and selling laminated bamboo flooring in the West during the mid 1990s; products made from bamboo laminate, including flooring, cabinetry, furniture and even decorations, are currently surging in popularity, transitioning from the boutique market to mainstream providers such as Home Depot. The bamboo goods industry (which also includes small goods, fabric, etc.) is expected to be worth $25 billion by the year 2012. The quality of bamboo laminate varies between manufacturers and the maturity of the plant from which it was harvested (six years being considered the optimum); the sturdiest products fulfill their claims of being up to three times harder than oak hardwood, but others may be softer than standard hardwood. Bamboo intended for use in construction should be treated to resist insects and rot. The most common solution for this purpose is a mixture of borax and boric acid. Another process involves boiling cut bamboo to remove the starches that attract insects.

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Bamboo has been used as reinforcement for concrete in those areas where it is plentiful, though dispute exists over its effectiveness in the various studies done on the subject. Bamboo does have the necessary strength to fulfill this function, but untreated bamboo will swell from the absorption of water from the concrete, causing it to crack. Several procedures must be followed to overcome this shortcoming. Several institutes, businesses, and universities are working on the bamboo as an ecological construction material. In the United States and France, it is possible to get houses made entirely of bamboo, which are earthquake and cyclone-resistant and internationally certified. In Bali, Indonesia, an international primary school, named the Green School, is constructed entirely of bamboo, due to its beauty, and advantages as a sustainable resource. There are three ISO standards for bamboo as a construction material. In parts of India, bamboo is used for drying clothes indoors, both as the rod high up near the ceiling to hang clothes on, as well as the stick that is wielded with acquired expert skill to hoist, spread, and to take down the clothes when dry. It is also commonly used to make ladders, which apart from their normal function, are also used for carrying bodies in funerals. In Maharashtra, the bamboo groves and forests are called VeLuvana, the name VeLu for bamboo is most likely from Sanskrit, while Vana means forest. Furthermore, bamboo is also used to create flagpoles for saffron-colored, Hindu religious flags, which can be seen fluttering across India, especially Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, as well as in Guyana and Suriname. Bamboo is used for the structural members of the India pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai. The pavilion is the worlds largest bamboo dome, about 34 m in diameter, with bamboo beams/members overlaid with a ferro-cement slab, water proofing, copper plate, solar PV panels, a small windmill and live plants. A total of 30 km of bamboo were used. The dome is supported on 18-m-long steel piles and a series of steel ring beams. The bamboo was treated with borax and boric acid as a fire retardant and insecticide and bent in the required shape. The bamboo sections are joined with reinforcement bars and concrete mortar to achieve necessary lengths.
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1.9 FURNITURE
Bamboo has a long history of use in Asian furniture. Chinese bamboo furniture is a distinct style based on millennia-long tradition.

1.10 TEXTILES
Because the fibers of bamboo are very short (less than 3mm), they are impossible to transform into yarn in a natural process. The usual process by which textiles labeled as being made of bamboo are produced uses only the rayon, that is being made out of the fibers with heavy employment of chemicals. To accomplish this, the fibers are broken down with chemicals and extruded through mechanical spinnerets; the chemicals include lye, carbon disulfide and strong acids. Retailers have sold both end products as "bamboo fabric" to cash in on bamboo's current ecofriendly cachet; however, the Canadian Competition Bureau and the US Federal Trade Commission, as of mid-2009, are cracking down on the practice of labeling bamboo rayon as natural bamboo fabric. Under the guidelines of both agencies, these products must be labeled as rayon with the optional qualifier "from bamboo". Bamboo fabric is known for its softness, and boasts strong absorbency and antimicrobial properties, though there is controversy as to whether or not the chemical process in bamboo rayon destroys antimicrobial quality. A new bamboo fabric developed at Beijing University has created an interest in bamboo clothing, particularly those interested in using organic material. Clothing from bamboo is soft and comparable to cashmere.

1.11 PAPER
Bamboo fiber has been used to make paper in China since early times. A high quality hand-made paper is still produced in small quantities. Coarse bamboo paper is still used to make spirit money in many Chinese communities. Bamboo pulps are mainly produced in China, Myanmar, Thailand and India and are used in printing and writing papers. The most common bamboo species used for paper are Dendrocalamus asper and Bamboo bluemanea. It is also possible to make dissolving pulp from bamboo. The average fibre length is similar to hardwoods, but the properties of bamboo pulp are
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closer to softwoods pulps due to it have a very broad fibre length distribution. With the help of molecular tools, it is now possible to distinguish the superior fiber-yielding species/varieties even at juvenile stages of their growth which can help in unadulterated merchandise production.

1.12 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Bamboo's natural hollow form makes it an obvious choice for many instruments, particularly wind and percussion. There are numerous types of bamboo flute made all over the world, such as the dizi, xiao, , palendag and jinghu. In India, it is a very popular and highly respected musical instrument, available even to the poorest and the choice of many highly venerated maestros of classical music. It is known and revered above all as the divine flute forever associated with Lord Krishna, who is always portrayed holding a bansuri in sculptures and paintings. Four of the instruments used in Polynesia for traditional hula are made of bamboo: nose flute, rattle, stamping pipes and the jaw harp. Bamboo may be used in the construction of the Australian didgeridoo instead of the more traditional eucalyptus wood. In Indonesia and the Philippines, bamboo has been used for making various kinds of musical instruments, including the kolintang, angklung and bumbong. Traditional Philippine banda kawayan (bamboo bands) use a variety of bamboo musical instruments, including the marimba, angklung, panpipes and bumbong', as well as bamboo versions of western instruments, such as clarinets, saxophones, and tubas. The Las Pias Bamboo Organ in the Philippines has pipes made of bamboo culms. The modern amplified string instrument, the Chapman stick, is also constructed using bamboo. The khene is a mouth organ of Lao origin whose pipes, which are usually made of bamboo, are connected with a small, hollowed-out hardwood reservoir into which air is blown, creating a sound similar to that of the violin. In the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar, the valiha, a long tube zither made of a single bamboo stalk, is considered the national instrument.

1.13 LANDSCAPING
Bamboo is widely used in landscaping due to its ability to grow quickly in thick, tall sections. It makes an excellent privacy barrier, while also providing a nice aesthetic.

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1.14 ANGLING
Due to its flexibility bamboo is also used to make fishing rods. The split cane rod is especially prized for fly fishing.

1.15 FIRECRACKER
Bamboo has been traditionally used in Malaysia as a firecracker called a meriam buluh or bamboo cannon. Four feet long sections of bamboo are cut and a mixture of water and calcium carbide are introduced. The resulting acetylene gas is ignited with a stick producing a loud bang.

1.16 IN ASIAN CULTURE

Bamboo's long life makes it a Chinese symbol of longevity, while in India it is a symbol of friendship. The rarity of its blossoming has led to the flowers' being regarded as a sign of impending famine. This may be due to rats feeding upon the profusion of flowers, then multiplying and destroying a large part of the local food supply. The most recent flowering began in May 2006 .Bamboo is said to bloom in this manner only about every 50 years In Chinese culture, the bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, and chrysanthemum are collectively referred to as the Four Gentlemen. These four plants also represent the four seasons and, in Confucian ideology, four aspects of the junzi ("prince" or "noble one"). The pine , the bamboo and the plum blossom are also admired for their perseverance under harsh conditions, and are together known as the "Three Friends of Winter" in Chinese culture. The "Three Friends of Winter" is traditionally used as a system of ranking in Japan, for example in sushi sets or accommodations at a traditional ryokan. Pine is of the first rank, bamboo is of second rank, and plum is of the third. In Japan, a bamboo forest sometimes surrounds a Shinto shrine as part of a sacred barrier against evil. Many Buddhist temples also have bamboo groves. In northern Indian state of Assam, the fermented bamboo paste known as khorisa is known locally as a folk remedy for the treatment of impotence, infertility, and menstrual pains.
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Bamboo plays an important part of the culture of Vietnam. Bamboo symbolizes the spirit of Vovinam. Bamboo also symbolizes the Vietnamese hometown and Vietnamese soul: the gentlemanlike, straightforwardness, hard working, optimism, unity and adaptability. A Vietnamese proverb says: "When the bamboo is old, the bamboo sprouts appear", the meaning being Vietnam will never be annihilated; if the previous generation dies, the children take their place. Therefore, the Vietnam nation and Vietnamese value will be maintained and developed eternally. Traditional Vietnamese villages are surrounded by thick bamboo hedges. The Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) Chinese scientist and polymath Shen Kuo (1031 1095) used the evidence of underground petrified bamboo found in the dry northern climate of Yan'an, Shanbei region, Shaanxi province to support his geological theory of gradual climate change.

1.17 MYTHS AND LEGENDS

Several Asian cultures, including that of the Andaman Islands, believe humanity emerged from a bamboo stem. In the Philippine creation myth, legend tells that the first man and the first woman each emerged from split bamboo stems on an island created after the battle of the elemental forces (Sky and Ocean). In Malaysian legends a similar story includes a man who dreams of a beautiful woman while sleeping under a bamboo plant; he wakes up and breaks the bamboo stem, discovering the woman inside. The Japanese folktale "Tale of the Bamboo Cutter" tells of a princess from the Moon emerging from a shining bamboo section. Hawaiian bamboo is a kinolau or body form of the Polynesian creator god Kne. Bamboo cane is also the weapon of Vietnamese legendary hero Saint Giong - who had grown up immediately and magically since the age of three because of his national liberating wish against n invaders. An ancient Vietnamese legend (The Hundred-knot Bamboo Tree) tells of a poor, young farmer who fell in love with his landlord's beautiful daughter. The farmer asked the landlord for his daughter's hand in marriage, but the proud landlord would not allow her to be bound in marriage to a poor farmer. The landlord decided to foil the marriage with an impossible deal; the farmer must bring him a "bamboo tree of one-hundred nodes". The triumphant farmer returned to
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the landlord and demanded his daughter. Curious to see such a long bamboo, the landlord was magically joined to the bamboo when he touched it as the young farmer said the first two magic words. The story ends with the happy marriage of the farmer and the landlord's daughter after the landlord agreed to the marriage and asked to be separated from the bamboo. In a Chinese legend, the Emperor Yao gave two of his daughters as a test for his potential to rule to the future Emperor Shun. Shun passed the test of being able to run his household with the two emperor's daughters as wives, and thus Yao made Shun his successors, bypassing his unworthy son. Later, Shun drowned in the Xiang River. The tears his two bereaved wives let fall upon the bamboos growing there explains the origin of spotted bamboo. The two women later became goddesses.

1.18 AS A WRITING SURFACE

Bamboo was in widespread use in early China as a medium for written documents. The earliest surviving examples of such documents, written in ink on string-bound bundles of bamboo strips (or "slips"), date from the fifth century BC during the Warring States period. However, references in earlier texts surviving on other media make it clear that some precursor of these Warring States period bamboo slips was in use as early as the late Shang period (from about 1250 BC). Bamboo or wooden strips were the standard writing material during the Han dynasty, and excavated examples have been found in abundance.[38] Subsequently, paper began to displace bamboo and wooden strips from mainstream uses, and by the fourth century AD, bamboo had been largely abandoned as a medium for writing in China. Several paper industries are surviving on bamboo forests. Ballarpur (Chandrapur, Maharashtra) paper mills use bamboo for paper production.

1.19 AS A WEAPON
Bamboo is used in several East Asian and South Asian martial arts.
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In the ancient Tamil martial art of Silambam, fighters would hit each other rapidly with bamboo sticks. In the Japanese martial art Kendo, bamboo is used to make the Shinai sword. A bamboo stick can be made into a simple spear by sharpening one of the ends Archery longbow and recurve bow limbs are commonly crafted with flat ground bamboo, and make superior weapons for bow hunting and target archery.

1.20 BAMBOO FABRIC

Bamboo fabric is a natural textile made from the pulp of the bamboo grass. Bamboo fabric has been growing in popularity because it has many unique properties and is more sustainable than most textile fibers. Bamboo fabric is light and strong, has excellent wicking properties, and is to some extent antibacterial. The use of bamboo fiber for clothing was a 20th century development, pioneered by several Chinese corporations. Bamboo fiber resembles cotton in its unspun form, a puffball of light, airy fibers. Many companies use extensive bleaching processes to turn bamboo fiber white, although companies producing organic bamboo fabric leave the bamboo fiber unbleached. To make bamboo fiber, bamboo is heavily pulped until it separates into thin component threads of fiber, which can be spun and dyed for weaving into cloth. Bamboo fabric is very soft and can be worn directly next to the skin. Many people who experience allergic reactions to other natural fibers, such as wool or hemp, do not complain of this issue with bamboo. The fiber is naturally smooth and round without chemical treatment, meaning that there are no sharp spurs to irritate the skin. Bamboo fabric is favored by companies trying to use sustainable textiles, because the bamboo plant is very quick growing and does not usually require the use of pesticides and herbicides to thrive. As a result, plantations can easily be kept organic and replanted yearly to replenish stocks. The process of making unbleached bamboo fiber is very light on chemicals that could potentially harm the environment. Just because a fabric is made with bamboo doesn't mean it's necessarily eco-friendly though. The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has sent out several warnings about rayon
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fabrics made with bamboo because of pollution created during the manufacturing process, so eco-conscious consumers should be sure to check the origins of their fabric. In many textile forms, bamboo retains many of the properties it has as a plant. Bamboo is highly water absorbent, able to take up three times its weight in water. In bamboo fabric, this translates to an excellent wicking ability that will pull moisture away from the skin so that it can evaporate. For this reason, clothing made of bamboo fiber is often worn next to the skin. Bamboo also has many antibacterial qualities, which bamboo fabric is apparently able to retain, even through multiple washings. This helps to reduce bacteria that thrive on clothing and cause unpleasant odors. It can also kill odor causing bacteria that live on human skin, making the wearer and his or her clothing smell more sweet. In addition, bamboo fabric has insulating properties and will keep the wearer cooler in summer and warmer in winter. The versatility of bamboo fabric makes it an excellent choice for clothing designers exploring alternative textiles, and in addition, the fabric is able to take bright dye colors well, drape smoothly, and star in a variety of roles from knit shirts to woven skirts.

1.20.1 HISTORICAL USE

Historically, the most flexible item that could be made from bamboo was paper, which was invented in China centuries ago. Bamboo, among other materials, was used in the construction of some types of this early paper. Bamboo was used for many other things besides paper during this time, including houses, weapons, needles and most products we use wood to make today.

1.20.2 FIRST PATENTS

The first patents for bamboo paper occurred in 1864 and 1869. These both deal with preparing bamboo fiber in a special way--again, similar to making paper--that made it flexible enough to use for cords, cloth and mats. Neither of these patents lead to a large
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bamboo cloth business, probably because demand in locations where bamboo grew was not high and transportation costs were too expensive. In 1881 another patent was issued for mixing bamboo fiber with wool to create a different type of fiber, the forerunner of modern bamboo yarn.

1.20.3 MAINSTREAM PRODUCTION

The first modern bamboo cloth-making process is credited to the Beijing University, but it is possible several manufactures also discovered the method near the same time, in the early 2000s. This process, using modern solvents to remove bamboo glues and modern bleaching chemicals to dye it white, was able to create commercially available bamboo fabrics and successfully market them in America.

1.20.4 INDUSTRY GROWTH

From 2004 to 2010, the market for bamboo cloth expanded rapidly, some say by as much as 5,000 percent. This is due to many reasons, including the new affordability and availability of the fabric, its use in more products and the new technology that creates the fabric to be as soft and pliable as cashmere and similar materials.

1.21 BAMBOO FIBER

The bamboo fiber is made from the starchy pulp of bamboo plants. This textile fiber is fabricated from natural bamboo and other additives. In fact, bamboo fiber is a regenerated cellulose fiber, which is produced from bamboo pulp, processed from bamboo culms. It looks like cotton in its un-spun form. Many bamboo fiber manufacturers apply extensive bleaching processes to turn the color of bamboo fiber into white. However, the companies engaged in producing organic bamboo fabric leave the bamboo fiber unbleached. Bamboo fiber is thinner as compared to hair and has a round and smooth surface which make it abrasion proof.

1.21.1 EXTRACTION OF BAMBOO FIBER

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Two types of processing are done to obtain bamboo fibers- Mechanical Processing and Chemical Processing. However, in both the processes, the raw bamboo has to be split to get bamboo strips. After that, bamboo fiber is extracted either through chemical or mechanical processing.

1.21.2 CHEMICAL PROCESSING

It is basically hydrolysis alkalization. The crushed bamboo is "cooked" with the help of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is also known as caustic soda or lye into a form of regenerated cellulose fiber. Hydrolysis alkalization is then done through carbon disulfide combined with multi phase bleaching. Although chemical processing is not environmental friendly but it is preferred by many manufacturers as it is a less time consuming process.

1.21.3 MECHANICAL PROCESSING

In this method, the crushed bamboo is treated with biological enzymes. This breaks the bamboo into a mushy mass and individual fibers are then combed out. Although expensive, this process is eco friendly.

1.22 PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO FIBRE

Bamboo fibre is a regenerated cellulosic fibre produced from bamboo. Starchy pulp is produced from bamboo stems and leaves through a process of alkaline hydrolysis and multiphase bleaching. Further chemical processes produce bamboo fibre. Repeated technological analysis has proved that this kind of fibre has a thinness degree and whiteness degree close to normal finely bleached viscose and has a strong durability, stability and tenacity. Bamboo fibre fabric is made of 100% bamboo pulp fibre. It is characterized by its good hygroscopicity, excellent permeability, soft feel, easiness to straighten and dye and splendid color effect of pigmentation.

1.23 FEATURES
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Softer than cotton, with a texture similar to a blend of cashmere and silk. Because the cross-section of the fibre is filled with various micro-gaps and micro-holes, it has much better moisture absorption and ventilation. Moisture absorbency is twice than that of cotton with extraordinary soil release.

Natural antibacterial elements (bio-agent bamboo kun) in bamboo fibre keep bacteria away from bamboo fabrics.

Garment of bamboo fibre can absorb and evaporate human sweat in a split of second just like breathing. Such a garment makes people feel extremely cool, comfortable and never sticking to skin even in hot summer.

100% bamboo yarns show a great elasticity i.e. nearly 20%. Even in 100% bamboo woven fabrics a remarkable elasticity can be obtained wherein the use of elastomeric fibres like elastanes may be eliminated.

Bamboo fabrics need less dyestuff than cotton, modal or viscose. It seems that the absorption of dyestuffs is remarkably better. Bamboo absorbs the dyestuffs faster and shows the colors better.

Anti-ultraviolet nature of bamboo fibre has made it suitable for summer clothing, especially for the protection of pregnant ladies and children from the effect of ultraviolet radiation.

Product of bamboo fibre is eco-friendly and bio-degradable.

1.24 CHARACTERISTICS OF BAMBOO FIBER

Bamboo fiber is naturally anti-bacterial, UV protective, green & biodegradable, breathable & cool, strong, flexible, soft and has a luxurious shiny appearance. SMOOTH, SOFT AND LUXURIOUS FEEL
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Bamboo fiber can be softer even than silk fiber when spun into yarn. It has a basic round surface which makes it very smooth and to sit perfectly next to the skin. GOOD ABSORPTION ABILITY Bamboo fiber absorbs and evaporates sweat very quickly. It's ultimate breathability keeps the wearer comfortable and dry for a very longer period. It is 3-4 times more absorbent than cotton fabrics.

TEMPERATURE ADAPTABILITY Fabrics made from bamboo fiber are highly breathable in hot weather and also keep the

wearer warmer in cold season. Bamboo is naturally cool to the touch. The cross-section of the bamboo fiber is filled with various micro-gaps and micro-holes leading to much better moisture absorption and ventilation. It is also very warm in cold weather, because of the same micro structure as the warm air gets trapped next to the skin. ANTIBACTERIAL Bamboo is naturally antibacterial, antifungal and anti-static. Bamboo has a unique antibacteria and bacteriostasis bio-agent named "bamboo Kun" which bonds tightly with bamboo cellulose molecules during the normal process of bamboo fiber growth. This feature gets retained in bamboo fabrics too. Many tests have been conducted whose results show over 70% death rate after bacteria was incubated on bamboo fiber fabric. Tests by the Japanese Textile Inspection Association shows that, even after fifty washes, bamboo fabric still possessed these properties. It makes bamboo fabrics healthier, germ free and odor free.

1.25 DRAWBACKS OF BAMBOO YARN

Bamboo textiles can be called a mixed bag from the ecological point of view. While the crop gets high marks environmentally, its processing into fabric fetches negative marks. Strong solvents are used to make bamboo fibers suitable for any textile use. These solvents affect the environment as well as the health of processing-plant workers. However, recently developed processes, such as closed-loop systems for processing of Lyocell and Tencel fabrics, use safer solvents such as acetic acid. These may also be used more frequently for organically-processed
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bamboo textiles. However, this depends upon how much the consumer is ready to pay for, as these processes involve huge expenditure. Apart from the chemicals destroying the natural advantages of bamboo fibers, the other drawback of bamboo fabric is that it shrinks a slightly higher than cotton. With its few disadvantages, bamboo is still beneficial fiber, more so if processed mechanically. Its yield is 10 times that of cotton, without using any fertilizers or pesticides. Additionally, even organic cotton uses a huge amount of water for growing, whereas bamboo grows without any irrigation, often on hill slopes where nothing else can be grown. It really can give an option for sustainable development for those engaged in producing bamboo and manufacturing bamboo textiles and other products.

1.26 BAMBOO TEXTILES

Bamboo textiles are cloth, yarn, and clothing made out of bamboo fibres. While historically used only for structural elements, such as bustles and the ribs of corsets, in recent years a range of technologies have been developed allowing bamboo fibre to be used in a wide range of textile and fashion applications. Modern bamboo clothing is clothing made from either 100% bamboo yarn or a blend of bamboo and cotton/organic cotton yarn. The bamboo yarn can also be blended with other textile fibres such as hemp or even spandex.

1.26.1 TRADITIONAL USES

In China and Japan, thin strips of bamboo were woven together into hats and shoes. One particular design of bamboo hats was associated with rural life, being worn almost universally by farmers and fishermen in order to protect their heads from the sun. In the West, bamboo, alongside other components such as whalebone and steel wire, was sometimes used as a structural component in corsets, bustles and other types of structural elements used in fashionable women's dresses.
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1.26.2 MODERN USES 1.26.2.1 MANUFACTURE OF BAMBOO VISCOSE

Recent technologies have allowed cellulose processed from bamboo to be spun into viscose yarn. Modern bamboo yarn is therefore a regenerated cellulose fibre. One such technology was filed in 2003 as US patent 7313906 by inventors Xiangqi Zhou, Zheng Liu, Liming Liu, and Hao Geng developed one such method of turning bamboo into yarn, creating new uses for bamboo in clothing. The steps in the manufacturing of bamboo viscose are as follows: 1) Bamboo leaves and the soft, inner pith from the hard bamboo trunk are extracted using a steaming process and then mechanically crushed 2) The crushed bamboo is soaked in sodium hydroxide to produce cellulose. A common misconception is that sodium hydroxide is a harmful chemical. If used in a responsible manner sodium hydroxide has little known effect on the environment and health of workers. It is routinely used in the processing of organic cotton into fibre and is approved by the Global Organic Textile Standards (GOTS) and the Soil Association Sodium hydroxide does not remain as a residue on clothing as it easily washes away and can be neutralised to harmless and nontoxic sodium sulphate salt. A chemical used in this step that can cause nervous system damage with chronic exposure is carbon disulfide. If handled properly there are no negative side effects for humans and environment as sulphur containing by products can easily be transformed into sulphuric acid which is needed for the spinning process. 3) The bamboo cellulose is forced through spinneret nozzles (like a sieve) into a sulphuric acid bath that hardens the solution into viscose fibre threads and neutralizes the caustic sodium hydroxide to form Glauber's salt, sodium sulphate, which is used e.g. as a filler in lessive detergents. The process is the standard viscose process. This process is also used to manufacture fibres from wood pulp.

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4) The fibre threads are spun into viscose yarn and rolled onto spools. According to textile classification so called bamboo is standard viscose, abbreviation CV. It has no advantages with respect to standard viscose made from wood pulp like e.g. beech or eucalyptus. The processing of the cellulose pulp into fibre "can" be cleaner than the processing used for conventional viscose "if" a closed loop process captures and reclaims all the solvents used in the manufacturing, though this is "not" standard practice. The resulting bamboo viscose fibre is very soft to the touch.

1.26.2.2 ALTERNATIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

The Swiss company Litrax is one company involved in the manufacturing of bamboo fibre. Litrax claims to use a more natural way of processing the bamboo into fibre. In this the woody part of the bamboo is crushed mechanically before a natural enzyme retting and washing process is used to break down the walls and extract the bamboo fibre. This bast fibre is then spun into yarn. In fine counts the yarn has a silky touch. The same manufacturing process is used to produce linen fabric from flax or hemp. Bamboo fabric made from this process is sometimes called bamboo linen. The natural processing of litrax bamboo allows the fibre to remain strong to produce an extremely high quality product. This process gives a material that is very durable.

1.27 SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL

Most of the bamboo used to make bamboo fibre and bamboo clothing is grown in China by Hebei Jigao Chemical Fiber Company They hold the patent on the process for turning bamboo into fibre. This facility produces all of the bamboo viscose on the market. The bamboo is certified organic by OCIA (The Organic Crop Improvement Association) To strictly control the quality of raw material, Hebei Jigao Chemical Fiber Company has built its own bamboo plantation in Sichuan Province, China, and keeps strict control over it. The bamboo is grown in accordance to the international organic standard of OCIA/IFOAM and the USDA National Organic Program, so as to ensure each bamboo stalk is of 100% natural growth and without any chemical pesticides. The proof of the ecologically sound methods behind bamboo production is the fact that all of the fibre produced at the facility in China is Oeko-Tex 100 certified This
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certifies that the finished fibre has been tested for any chemicals that may be harmful to a persons health and has been found to contain no trace chemicals that pose any health threat whatsoever. This means that every company working with bamboo starts with the same raw material and that this material is not contaminated.

1.28 ECOLOGICAL REASONS FOR USING BAMBOO AS A RAW MATERIAL FOR TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 1.28.1 GROWTH
Bamboo has many advantages over cotton as a raw material for textiles. Reaching up to 35 metres tall, bamboos are the largest members of the grass family they are the fastest growing woody plants in the world. One Japanese species has been recorded as growing over 1 metre in a day. There are over 1600 species of bamboo found in diverse climates from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. About 40 million hectares of the earth is covered with bamboo, mostly in Asia The high growth rate of bamboo and the fact that bamboo can grow in such diverse climates makes the bamboo plant a sustainable and versatile resource. The bamboo species used for clothing is called Moso bamboo. Moso bamboo is the most important bamboo in China, where it covers about 3 million hectares (about 2% of the total Chinese forest area). It is the main species for bamboo timber and plays an important role for the ecological environment

1.28.2 HARVESTING
Once a new shoot emerges from the ground, the new cane will reach its full height in just 810 weeks. Each cane reaches maturity in 35 years. Bamboo can be continually re-harvested with no damage to the surrounding environment. It is a grass and so regenerates after being cut just like a lawn without the need for replanting. This regular harvesting is actually of benefit to the health of the plant studies have shown that felling of canes leads to vigorous re-growth and an increase in the amount of biomass the next year

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1.28.3 YIELD AND LAND USE

Land use is of global importance as the worlds six billion people compete for water, food, fibre and shelter Sustainable land use practices provide both economic and environmental advantages. Bamboo can be used as food, fibre and shelter and due to its ease of growth and extraordinary growth rate it is a cheap, sustainable and efficient crop. Bamboo grows very densely, its clumping nature enables a lot of it to be grown in a comparatively small area, easing pressure on land use. Yields of bamboo of up to 60 tonnes per hectare greatly exceed the yield of 20 tonnes for most trees and only 1-2 tonnes per hectare for cotton with a one-time planting for bamboo and little care and maintenance needed. In a time when land use is under enormous pressure, bamboos high yield per hectare becomes very significant.

1.28.4 GREENHOUSE GASES AND GLOBAL WARMING

Human activity is not only producing more carbon dioxide, but it is also severely damaging the ability of the planet to absorb carbon via its carbon sinks the forests. Growing forests absorb CO2 but deforestation results in fewer trees to soak up rising levels of CO2. Bamboo minimizes CO2 and generates up to 35% more oxygen than equivalent stands of trees One hectare of bamboo sequesters 62 tones of carbon dioxide per year while one hectare of young forest only sequesters 15 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year

1.28.5 DEFORESTATION
Bamboo planting can slow deforestation, providing an alternative source of timber for the construction industry and cellulose fibre for the textile industry It allows communities to turn away from the destruction of their native forests and to construct commercial bamboo plantations that can be selectively harvested annually without the destruction of the grove. Tree plantations have to be chopped down and terminated at harvest but bamboo keeps on growing When a bamboo cane is cut down, it will produce another shoot and is ready for harvest again in as little as one year. Compare this to cotton harvesting organic cotton requires the decimation of the entire crop causing bare soils to bake in the sun and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Before replanting next years crop the cotton farmers till the fields which releases yet more CO2.
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1.28.6 WATER USE

Very little bamboo is irrigated and there is sound evidence that the water-use efficiency of bamboo is twice that of other trees .This makes bamboo more able to handle harsh weather conditions such as drought, flood and high temperatures. Compare bamboo to cotton which is a thirsty crop it can take up to 20,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of cotton and 73% of the global cotton harvest comes from irrigated land, Some estimates indicate that cotton is the largest user of water among all agricultural commodities.

1.28.7 SOIL EROSION

Yearly replanting of crops such as cotton leads to soil erosion. The extensive root system of bamboo and the fact that it is not uprooted during harvesting means bamboo actually helps preserve soil and prevent soil erosion. The bamboo plants root system creates an effective watershed, stitching the soil together along fragile river banks, deforested areas, and in places prone to mudslides. It also greatly reduces rain run-off Conventional cotton-growing also causes a severe reduction in soil quality through the impact of constant use of pesticides on soil organisms.

1.28.8 PESTICIDES AND FERTILISERS

A huge benefit of using bamboo as the organic base for textile fibres is that there is no need for pesticides or fertilisers when growing bamboo. However, herbicide and fertilizer applications are common in some places to encourage edible shoot growth. Bamboo also contains a substance called bamboo-kun an antimicrobial agent that gives the plant a natural resistance to pest and fungi infestation, though some pathogen problems do still exist in some bamboo plantations. However, the finished bamboo fabric does not retain this antibacterial property; research is being conducted whereby antibacterial agents are being added to bamboo fabric to give it antibacterial properties. For the moment the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) charge companies with fake antimicrobial claims. Additionally, "raw bamboo fabric lets almost all damaging UV radiation pass through and reach the skin"; as such, research is being conducted to add UV absorbing chemicals to the fabric to prevent this from occurring.
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By contrast, only 2.4% of the worlds arable land is planted with cotton, yet cotton accounts for 24% of the worlds insecticide market and 11% of the sale of global pesticides. Many of these pesticides are hazardous and toxic. An estimated 1 million to 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning occur every year, resulting in 20,000 reported deaths among agricultural workers and at least 1 million requiring hospitalisation. Even organic cotton farming uses pesticides copper and copper salts. Fertilisers are also applied to cotton fields to increase growth rate and crop yields. 1.29 ECO FRIENDLY BAMBOO

BAMBOO IS THE FASTEST GROWING PLANT ON EARTH: It is known to produce a greater biomass and 30% more oxygen than a hardwood forest of comparable size, while improving watersheds, preventing erosion, restoring soil, providing sweet edible shoots and removing toxins from contaminated soil. Ecologists promote bamboo as a renewable source used for building materials as well as food. Many promote bamboo planting for erosion prevention, and even to reverse the effects of global warming.

BAMBOO HELPS REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE GASES: Carbon dioxide is a known cause of global warming. Some bamboo sequesters up to 12 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare, which makes it a highly efficient plant, and conducive to fresh air. Bamboo can be selectively harvested annually and regenerates without replanting.

BAMBOO IS A NATURAL WATER CONTROL BARRIER: Because of its wide-spread root system and large canopy, bamboo greatly reduces rain run off, prevents massive soil erosion and keeps twice as much water in a watershed. Bamboo helps reduce water pollution due to its high nitrogen consumption, making it a
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solution for excess nutrient uptake of wastewater from manufacturing, livestock farming and sewage treatment.

BAMBOO CAN RESTORE DEGRADED LANDS. It is a pioneering plant and can be grown in soil damaged by overgrazing and poor agriculture. Proper harvesting does not kill the bamboo plant, so topsoil is held in place. Because of its dense litter on the forest floor it feeds topsoil, restoring healthy agricultural lands for generations to come.

1.30 BAMBOO CHARCOAL

Bamboo Charcoal four Characters:

SOOTHE THE NERVES Infrared produced by the bamboo charcoal promotes human body blood circulation, active brain cell and soothe the nerves.

ANION EFFECT The anion in bamboo charcoal is penetrable which could relax nerves, purify air and cure headache, insomnia and arthralgia.

HUMIDITY ADJUSTMENT The relative surface of bamboo charcoal is large with hundreds of gaps, which makes it's able to adjust the humidity of environment.

DEODORANT Bamboo charcoal has the function of absorbing the odor of hair, sweat, smell of inhouse and decomposes with detoxification.

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1.31 BAMBOO FABRIC PRODUCT PROPERTIES BAMBOO FABRIC

ANTI-BACTERIAL Bamboo contains an antibacterial agent that kills almost all bacteria. The same goes for bamboo fabric. This helps bamboo fabric to stay odour free. It is fresher and healthier than conventional fabrics. it is perfectly suitable for sensitive skin or for anyone suffering from allergic skin reactions.

SOFT, GLOSSY AND SMOOTH Bamboo fabric is inherently tenacity, slippery, good lateral and vertical intensity and smooth, just like a second skin. The feeling of wearing it is as luxurious as silk and cashmere, but without expense or the need for hand washing

HYGROSCOPIC AND BREATHABLE The function moisture absorption, damp release and ventilation of bamboo fibre has proved to be best compared to that of other textile products from authorized test. The cross-section of bamboo fibres are filled with various micro-gaps and micro-holes, it has much better moisture absorption and ventilation. With this unparalleled micro structure, bamboo fibre garment can effectively absorb and evaporate human sweat in a split second, and makes to feel cool in summer and never suffocative in winter. From test figure, apparel made from bamboo fibre is 1-2 degree lower compared with normal clothing in hot summer. This property of bamboo fabric keeps you warm in cold weather, and it can also keep you cool in hot weather because of the same micro structure and its breathable quality.

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION RESISTANT Bamboo fiber can be penetrated by 200-400nm ultraviolet radiation which is most harmful for human being, and this is what other textile products cant compete.
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ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY As well as being able to provide you with the best quality bamboo fabrics, organically grown and fertilizer free, bamboo also has other environmentally friendly characteristics. Bamboo fibre is 100% biodegradable without harm to the environment. Moreover, bamboo grows rapidly and therefore helps to improve soil quality in environments where the soil quality has been degraded or where there is soil erosion.

1.31.2 HOME TEXTILE PRODUCT 1.31.3 HOME FURNISHINGS FABRICS

The bedroom is a place of refuge for many people. This is why bamboo fabric is perfect for any bedroom. They have features that can create the most welcoming atmosphere in your entire home, and do so all because of natural characteristics. Some of the uses for bamboo fabric in the bathroom are: Sheets Comforters Duvet covers Pillow shams Pillows Mattresses
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Bed skirts Table cloths Mattress pads Drapes Television covers With the air quality inside a house getting as bad as the areas outside because of pollution

and allergens, bamboo fabric is perfect for the bedroom retreat. Hypo-allergenic, it keeps allergens away from most people. Anti-bacterial molecules mean that it can keep people from getting sick as quickly. The absorptive

1.31.4 BAMBOO CLOTHING

Bamboo fabric is excellent for making intimate apparel garments. The soft feel, unique luster, and ability to make bright colors with the fabric means that it is perfect for making all sorts of intimate apparel, which includes: Socks Underwear T-shirts Bathing suits Bathing suit cover ups Bath robes Sleepwear

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The choice to use bamboo fabric for intimate apparel is a very simple one to make. First, the antibacterial properties of the fabric are perfect for keeping odor at bay as well as protecting children and pregnant women. The absorbent properties make the intimate apparel more comfortable as it doesn't stick to the skin like cotton would and can keep a person cooler during the hotter months.

1.31.5 BATHROOM TEXTILES

Bamboo fabric has a place in the bathroom as well as other rooms in the home. Bamboo fabric can create some of the most luxurious towels and with the same features that make it such a wise decision in many other rooms in your home. Some of the bamboo fabric products used in the bathroom are: Hand towels Wash cloths Body towels Bath sheets Tub mats Bath rugs Decorative toilet lid covers Shower curtains

These products can be made out of bamboo fabric and be extremely beneficial to the body simply because they absorb water quickly, leaving you dry while being plush to the touch and absorbing odor causing bacteria, leaving your towels free of that smell they can sometimes get. Bamboo fabric also ensures that other bacteria that may be harmful for you will have a shorter life span in the bathroom.

1.31.6 BAMBOO NON WOVEN FABRICS

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This range of product include: Bamboo fabric pocket square towel (white, yellow, pink, grass green, claret, violet, cerulean, blue, aqua, size: 26x28 or 34x34), dishcloth (creamy, size: 30mm x 32mm ), Towel (white, yellow, pink, grass green, claret, violet, cerulean, blue, aqua, size: 34mm x 76mm), Jacquard Towel, Bath Towel, Men's bathrobe and Women's bathrobe. Bamboo non-woven fabric is another product of the process that creates the finished bamboo fabric. It is more akin to viscose fibers (fibers that are much like those that are used to make rayon and cellophane) though, than the regular fabric, and can be used for more practical items. These items include: Sanitary napkins Face masks (industrial and medical) Food-grade packaging (like cellophane) Mattresses

This form of bamboo fabric is used in these industrial applications because of the antibacterial state of bamboo. Because of a bio-agent in the bamboo called bamboo kun, it is remarkably disease resistant and very little bacteria can survive and incubate on bamboo. Luckily, this trait continues when bamboo is processed as the bamboo kun is a part of the molecular structure of bamboo. Bamboo is also used for this because of the economically friendly and environmentally responsible ways that bamboo is processed.

1.31.7 MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC CLOTHING & PRODUCTS

Given its antibacterial nature, it is no surprise that bamboo fabric is also used for medical supplies and sanitary materials. The fabric can be made into many different products in this section, which can include: Sanitary towels Gauze Bandages
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Absorbent pads Surgical wear (scrubs) Doctor's coats Medical masks

Of course, the anti-bacterial properties aren't the only reason that bamboo fabric is used for medical supplies. Because of the gentle make-up of the fibers, there are very few people who are allergic to bamboo fabric. It is also light and durable, more so than many other fabrics out there that are much more expensive to produce.

2. HISTORY

OF COTTON

No one knows exactly how old cotton is. Scientists searching caves in Mexico found bits of cotton bolls and pieces of cotton cloth that proved to be at least 7,000 years old. They also found that the cotton itself was much like that grown in America today. In the Indus River Valley in Pakistan, cotton was being grown, spun and woven into cloth 3,000 years BC. At about the same time, natives of Egypts Nile valley were making and wearing cotton clothing. Arab merchants brought cotton cloth to Europe about 800 A.D. When Columbus discovered America in 1492, he found cotton growing in the Bahama Islands. By 1500, cotton was known generally throughout the world. Cotton seed are believed to have been planted in Florida in 1556 and in Virginia in 1607. By 1616, colonists were growing cotton along the James River in Virginia. Cotton was first spun by machinery in England in 1730. The industrial revolution in England and the invention of the cotton gin in the U.S. paved the way for the important place cotton holds in the world today.
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Eli Whitney, a native of Massachusetts, secured a patent on the cotton gin in 1793, though patent office records indicate that the first cotton gin may have been built by a machinist named Noah Homes two years before Whitneys patent was filed. The gin, short for engine, could do the work 10 times faster than by hand. The gin made it possible to supply large quantities of cotton fiber to the fast-growing textile industry. Within 10 years, the value of the U.S. cotton crop rose from $150,000 to more than $8 million.

2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF COTTON

Today, the world uses more cotton than any other fiber, and cotton is a leading cash crop in the U.S. At the farm level alone, the production of each years crop involves the purchase of more than $5.3 billion worth of supplies and services. This stimulates business activities for factories and enterprises throughout the country. Processing and handling of cotton after it leaves the farm generates even more business activity. Annual business revenue stimulated by cotton in the U.S. economy exceeds $120 billion, making cotton Americas number one value-added crop. Cotton is a part of our daily lives from the time we dry our faces on a soft cotton towel in the morning until we slide between fresh cotton sheets at night. It has hundreds of uses, from blue jeans to shoe strings. Clothing and household items are the largest uses, but industrial products account from many thousands of bales. All parts of the cotton plant are useful. The most important is the fiber or lint, which is used in making cotton cloth. Linters the short fuzz on the seed provide cellulose for making plastics, explosives and other products. Linters also are incorporated into high quality paper products and processed into batting for padding mattresses, furniture and automobile cushions.

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The cottonseed is crushed in order to separate its three products oil, meal and hulls. Cottonseed oil is used primarily for shortening, cooking oil and salad dressing. The meal and hulls that remain are used either separately or in combination as livestock, poultry and fish feed and as fertilizer. The stalks and leaves of the cotton plant are plowed under to enrich the soil. Some cottonseed also is used as high-protein concentrate in baked goods and other food products.

2.2 WHERE COTTON GROWS

Cotton Cotton grows in warm climates and most of the worlds cotton is grown in the U.S., Uzbekistan, the Peoples Republic of China and India. Other leading cotton-growing countries are Brazil, Pakistan and Turkey. In this country, the major cotton-producing states are: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas, Florida, Kansas and Virginia. The yield in the U.S. averages approximately 1 1/3 bales per acres and about 1,078 pounds of seed. A U.S. bale weighs around 500 pounds. This yield is about twice as much as in 1950 and is due to better land use, improved plant varieties, mechanization, fertilization and irrigation. It also is a result of much better control of disease, weeds and insects. A major part of the credit for this progress goes to scientists working at experiment stations and in laboratories, and to agricultural extension workers who bring the findings to farmers.

2.3 HOW COTTON IS GROWN

After cotton has been harvested, producers who use conventional tillage practices cut down and chop the cotton stalks. The next step is to turn the remaining residue underneath the soil surface. Producers who practice a style of farming called conservation tillage often choose to leave their stalks standing and leave the plant residue on the surface of the soil. In the spring, farmers prepare for planting in several ways. Producers who plant using notill or conservation tillage methods, use special equipment designed to plant the seed through the
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litter that covers the soil surface. Producers who employ conventional tillage practices, plow or list the land into rows forming firm seed-beds for planting. Producers in south Texas plant cotton as early as February. In Missouri and other northern parts of the Cotton Belt, they plant as late as June. Seeding is done with mechanical planters which cover as many as 10 to 24 rows at a time. The planter opens a small trench or furrow in each row, drops in the right amount of seed, covers them and packs the earth on top of them. The seed is planted at uniform intervals in either small clumps (hill-dropped) or singularly (drilled). Machines called cultivators are used to uproot weeds and grass, which compete with the cotton plant for soil nutrients, sunlight and water. About two months after planting, flower buds called squares appear on the cotton plants. In another three weeks, the blossoms open. Their petals change from creamy white to yellow, then pink and finally, dark red. After three days, they wither and fall, leaving green pods which are called cotton bolls. Inside the boll, which is shaped like a tiny football, moist fibers grow and push out from the newly formed seeds. As the boll ripens, it turns brown. The fibers continue to expand under the warm sun. Finally, they split the boll apart and the fluffy cotton bursts forth. It looks like white cotton candy. Since hand labor is no longer used in the U.S. to harvest cotton, the crop is harvested by machines, either a picker or a stripper. Cotton picking machines have spindles that pick (twist) the seed cotton from the burrs that are attached to plants stems. Doffers then remove the seed cotton from the spindles and knock the seed cotton into the conveying system.

Conventional cotton stripping machines use rollers equipped with alternating bats and brushes to knock the open bolls from the plants into a conveyor.

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A second kind of stripper harvester uses a broadcast attachment that looks similar to a grain header on a combine. All harvesting systems use air to convey and elevate the seed cotton into a storage bin referred to as a basket. Once the basket is full, the stored seed cotton is dumped into a boll buggy, trailer or module builder.

2.4 HOW COTTON IS GINNED AND MARKETED

Today, nearly all cotton is stored in modules, which look like giant loaves of bread. Modules allow the cotton to be stored without loosing yield or quality prior to ginning. Specially designed trucks pick up modules of seed cotton from the field and move them to the gin. Modern gins place modules in front of machines called module feeders. Some module feeders have stationary heads, in which case, giant conveyors move the modules into the module feeder. Other module feeders are self-propelled and move down a track that along side the modules. The module feeders literally break the modules apart and feed the seed cotton into the gin. Other gins use powerful pipes to suck the cotton into the gin building. Once in the cotton gin, the seed cotton moves through dryers and through cleaning machines that remove the gin waste such as burs, dirt, stems and leaf material from the cotton. Then it goes to the gin stand where circular saws with small, sharp teeth pluck the fiber from the seed. From the gin, fiber and seed go different ways. The ginned fiber, now called lint, is pressed together and made into dense bales weighting about 500 pounds. To determine the value of cotton, samples are taken from each bale and classed according to fiber length (staple), strength, micronaire, color and cleanness. Producers usually sell their cotton to a local buyer or merchant who, in turn, sells it to a textile mill either in the United States or a foreign country. The seed usually is sold by the producer to the gin. The ginner either sells for feed or to an oil mill where the linters (downy fuzz) are removed in an operation very much like ginning. Linters are baled and sold to the paper, batting and plastics industries, while the seed is processed into cottonseed oil, meal and hulls.

2.5 HOW COTTON IS SPUN AND WOVEN

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At the textile mill, the bales are opened by machines, and the lint is mixed and cleaned further by blowing and beating. The short lint that comes out usually is separated and sold for use in other industries. The best part of the lint consists of fibers about 1 inch to 1 inches long.

The mixed and fluffed-up cotton goes into a carding machine which cleans the fibers some more and makes them lie side by side. The combing action of the carding machine finishes the job of cleaning and straightening the fibers, and makes them into a soft, untwisted rope called a sliver. On modern spinning frames, yarn is mare directly from the sliver. The spinning devices take fibers from the sliver and rotate it up to 2,500 revolutions in a second twist that makes fibers into a yarn for weaving or knitting into fabrics. Machines called looms weave cotton yarns into fabrics the same way the first hand weaving frames did. Modern looms work at great speeds, interlacing the length-wise yarns (warp) and the crosswise yarns (filling). The woven fabric, called gray goods, is sent to a finishing plant where it is bleached, pre-shrunk, dyed, printed and given a special finish before being made into clothing or products for the home. Other machines make knits for use in shirts, sweaters or blankets.

2.6 PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBRES

LENGTH OF COTTON FIBER Physically the individual cotton fibres consist of a single long tubular cell. Its length is about 1200-1500 times than its breadth. Length of cotton fibre varies from 16mm to 52 mm depending upon the type of cotton. Indian cotton- 16-25 mm American cotton- 20-30 mm Sea island- 38-52 mm Egyptian cotton- 30-38 mm
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FINENESS OF COTTON FIBER Longer the fibre, finer the fibre in case of cotton fibre. It is expressed in term of decitex and it varies from 1.1 to2.3 decitex. Indian= 2.2-2.3dtex american= 2.1-2.2 dtex egyptian= 1.2-1.8 dtex sea island= 1.0-1.1 dtex fineness may be more in case of immature fibre. So it is necessary to express maturity with fineness.

STRENGTH AND EXTENSION OF COTTON FIBER Cotton fibre is fairly among natural fibres in relation to tenacity which is 33.5g/dtex. Its tensile strength is between wool and silk fibre but disadvantage is low extension at break which is 5-7%.

ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF COTTON Recovery from deformation of cotton fibre, yarn or fabric from applied load is very low. By applying heat it cant be achieved. This property can be achieved by -1.chemical treatment to improve crease recovery, but the problem is the materials become harsher due to chemical treatment 2. Blending or mixing of cotton with elastic fibre, e.g. Polyester, blend ratio depends on the end use of the fabric. The initial modulus is fairly high=0.5 g/dtex (wool=0.25 g/dtex)

CROSS-SECTION Cross-section of cotton fibre is some what ribbon like. The cell wall is rather thin and the lumen occupies about two-third of the entire breadth and shows up very prominent in polarized light. Fibre cross-section becomes round when mercerized.

APPEARANCE
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Cotton fibre is fairly short, fine and creamy white color. Color of the fibre depends on soil of growth. By adding chemicals in the soil, color of the cotton fibre may be varied.

CRIMP Cotton fibre is more or less twisted on its longitudinal axis which cab not be seen from out side is called convolution. The twist in the fibre does not to be continuous in one direction i.e. If at first right direction, then left direction. This property of cotton fibre helps in spinning.

2.7 PROPERTIES OF COTTON FABRIC

VERSATILITY Cotton fibers can be dyed any color, and are known for retaining color well. Cotton is also versatile and can be woven into cloth for several purposes. The fibers are made into fabric three different ways. A plain weave will produce simple, everyday fabrics. such as broadcloth. and mid-weight fabrics. such as chambray and gingham. Twill weaves make thick cloths like denim and khaki. A satin weave, which is not as popular, is used for other fabrics, such as sateen, which is considered more dressy. WRINKLING Most cotton fabrics wrinkle very easily. Cotton clothing must be ironed regularly to keep up its appearance. Many cotton clothing items are treated with a finish that helps the fabric resist wrinkling. If cotton is exposed to sunlight for extended periods of time, it can weaken, according to the Sewing and Craft Alliance sewing guide.

ABSORBENCY
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Cotton absorbs liquid well, in a large capacity. Cotton fabric can absorb up to 27 times its weight in water, according to the Sewing and Craft Alliance sewing guide. This makes cotton clothing comfortable, because it absorbs sweat. It also explains why cotton is used for towels and washcloths.

SHRINKAGE Cotton fabrics will shrink the first time they are washed. Some cotton clothes come pre-shrunk so shoppers will not have to worry about them getting smaller after the first wash. When sewing with cotton, the Sewing and Craft alliance recommends washing the fabric first, so that the finished product isn't damaged after washing.

BREATHABILITY Cotton fabric allows air to flow through freely. The fabric absorbs sweat and releases it on its surface. This is often described as the fabric "breathing," and is considered an asset in clothing, particularly in warm climates.

2.8 WEAVING
Weaving is a major process of making fabric or cloth. In it, two distinct sets of yarns called the warp and the filling or weft are interlaced with each other to form a fabric. Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres. The lengthwise yarns which run from the back to the front of the loom are called the warp. The crosswise yarns are the filling or weft. A loom is a device for holding the warp threads in place while the filling threads are woven through them. Yarns made from natural fibres like cotton, silk, and wool and synthetic fibres such as weaving. Yarn intended for the warp goes through operations such as spooling, warping and slashing to prepare them to withstand the strain of the weaving process.

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WEAVING OPERATION Four major operations are involved in weaving- Shedding, Picking, Beating up battening and taking up and letting off. SHEDDING Each alternate warp yarn is raised to insert the filling yarn into the warp to form a shed.

PICKING As the warp is raised, the filling yarn is inserted through the shed by a carrier device. Different types of looms are used for carrying the filling yarn through the shed- Shuttle loom, shuttle less looms, circular looms etc. BEATING UP (BATTENING) With each picking operation, the reed pushes or beats each filling yarn against the portion of the fabric that has already been formed. Reed is a comb like structure attached to the looms. It gives the fabric a firm, compact construction. TAKING UP AND LETTING OFF With each shedding,Picking, Battening operation, the new fabric must be wound on the cloth beam which is called 'taking up'. At the same time, the warp yarns must be released from the warp beam which is called l 'letting off'. As the shuttle moves back and forth across the width of the shed, a self edge is woven which is called selvage or selvedge. The selvage prevents the fabric from muddling. It is usually more compact and strong than the rest of the fabric. There are different kinds of selvages depending upon the expected use of the fabric- Plain Selvages, Tape Selvages, Split Selvages, Fused Selvages, Leno Selvages and Tucked Selvages Plain Weave: Plain weave is the simplest of all type of weave and is the most widely used fabric weave to produce produce, durable, flat, tight surface compatible to printing and other finishes. Plain weave is a basic style of weaves, which has the weft and warp threads
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intertwined in an alternate way to produce a checkerboard effect. It is also known as oneup-one-down weave or over and under pattern. Plain weave is the simplest and most common interlacing of warp and weft. In this, the warp and weft are of equal tension and spacing and it is equally visible on the surface. It is also known as taffeta weave.

2.8.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLAIN WEAVE

-It is snag resistant. -It wrinkles. -It has lower tear strength. -It does not ravel easily. -It has less absorbency than other weaves.

2.8.2 VARIATIONS IN PLAIN WEAVE

There are two variations in plain weave: Rib weave: In the rib weave, the filling yarns are larger in diameter than the warp yarns. In this weave pattern, fewer yarns per square centimeter are visible on the surface. Matt Weave or Basket weave: In this weave, two or more yarns are used in both the warp and filling direction. These groups of yarns are woven as one, and the result is a basket effect.

2.8.3. PLAIN WEAVE USES

The plain weave is the most basic of textile weaves. Since the weave is strong and hardwearing, it is widely used for fashion and furnishing fabrics. Plain weave finds extensive uses. It is used in blanket, canvas, cambric, muslin, dhothi, sari, shirting, suiting, etc. Rib weaves are seen in gross grain cloths, matelasse fabrics, repp cloth which is popularly used in window
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blinds, upholstered furniture, and cambric pocket handkerchief. Matt weave finds extensive uses for a great variety of fabrics such as dress materials, shirtings, sail cloth, duck cloth etc.

2.8.4 TYPES OF FABRIC COME UNDER PLAIN WEAVE

The plain weave can be woven in various types of fabrics like as

Chiffon Cendal Habutai Honan Mousseline de Soie Ninnon Organza Pongee Rajah (trade name) - warp yarn is 4 thread organized - filling is heavier. Shantung Sharkskin Sheer - Mostly plain but could be various weaves. Spun Rayon Taffeta Tissue Taffeta Warp-print Taffeta Tussah - Usually plain but also in twill.

3.HISTORY OF FABRIC PAINTING

The technique of fabric painting has roots dating back to 3000 B.C. Fabric painting is a craftsmanship that began thousands of years ago in Asia and eventually expanded to other parts of Asia, Europe and Africa through trade routes. The technique has a deep history in Asia through Kalamkari, an ancient India art, and also in China and Japan, where other forms of patterning were developed. Now recognized on a global level, fabric painting is used on a daily basis as a hobby and for business. Fabric painting has been in existence since humans began weaving fibers together to form the first fabrics. As the earliest of humans painted their bodies, they began using those same techniques to paint the fabrics that they created. Two basic methods of fabric painting were used.

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Coloring was the process of directly applying an image with color to the fabric. Patterning was painting (or printing) with resists in patterns and then coloring the image on the fabric.

3.1 FABRIC PAINTING IN ASIA

According to the website Dharma Trading Co., "The continent of Asia has a long history of decorating fabrics. Printing blocks have been discovered that date back to around 3000 B.C." Fabric painting remained popular on the continent, and by the time Alexander the Great invaded India (327 B.C.), fabrics full of colorful printed and painted images were a normal possession among the people.

3.2 KALAMKARI HISTORY

Originating in India around 1000 B.C., Kalamkari is an ancient Indian art that got its name from Kalam meaning "pen," and Kari meaning "work." The name meant "pen work." Kalamkari artists would use a bamboo stick or a date palm stick as the brush for painting. On the pointed end of the stick would be a bundle of hair that was used to spread the paint. According to the website India marks, "These paintings were earlier drawn on cotton fabric only, but now we can see these paintings on silk and other materials as well."

3.3 KALAMKARI STYLES

The ancient art of painting in India mainly used organic colors and dyes. The majority of the colors were prepared by using the roots and leaves of plants, and mineral salts of iron, tin, copper and alum. The style of using the organic colors started in Kalahsti (which is 80 miles north of Chennai) and Masulipatnam (which is 200 miles east of Hyderabad). According to India marks, at that time, the paintings would "depict Hindu deities and the scenes from Hindu mythology. With Masulipatnam being a Muslim region, the weavers were involved in the block printing art whereas the artists from Kalahasti practiced painting Hindu mythological scenes."

3.4 FABRIC PAINTING EXPANDS

After fabric painting had been present in India for hundreds of years, the fabrics were traded throughout Asia, Egypt and Greece. By 200 A.D., fabric painting expanded into parts of Europe and Africa. China began developing new techniques such as using resists and stencils,
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and the ideas spread to Japan, where the Japanese used the forms to create beautiful patterning on fabrics. Fabric painting continued to expand into other parts of the world including Peru and parts of South America. The technique is used today in America and in all parts of the world.

3.5 FABRIC PAINTING BASICS- CHOOSING & PREPARING FABRICS

You can paint on just about any textile, and experimentation with various materials is always encouraged, but here are some suggestions for selecting fabrics to paint: For the smoothest application of paint, choose tightly woven materials. For looser applications, wetinto- wet techniques, or painted designs that dont require precise designs, loosely woven fabrics (with warp and weft threads clearly visible) are perfectly acceptable. Some artists prefer to paint on silk, while others favor quilters quality muslin or 100percent cotton with a high thread count. Still others like to paint on velvet, rayon, polyester, and other materials. The choice is really up to you. Try obtaining samples of different textiles in various weights and thread counts to make a swatch notebook. Mail-order fabric-supply companies will often provide these swatches free or for a nominal fee. Apply paint to the swatches and store them dry in a notebook where you can also note how much of what type of paint was applied to each swatch. If youre just getting started, try using 100-percent cotton fabric with a high thread count, and expand your horizons from there. And remember that many painting techniques are suitable for dark or black fabrics, as well as white. To prepare cotton or muslin fabric, you may prewash it in hot water and dry it on the hottest setting to remove any sizing on the fabric and to pre-shrink it or you may choose
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not to pre-wash at all. Its entirely up to you. Silks must be treated differently and it is advisable to consult an expert before prewashing; discuss this with the storeowner where you purchased your fabric or with mailorder fabric-supply companies, which are often staffed by knowledgeable fabric artists.

3.5.1 CHOOSING PAINTS

The sheer number of water based paints suitable for fabric painting can be overwhelming to the beginning artist. There are sheer, translucent paints, opaque paints, metallic, interference and pearlescent paints, acrylic paints and paints formulated specifically for textiles. And if you cant find textile paint in the color of your choice, you can always mix a little textile medium in any acrylic to create textile paint. Acrylics are available in jars, tubes, and bottles; they can be mixed to create new colors or diluted with water or with acrylic or textile mediums. Applied straight to fabric they will dry stiff, so mix in a little textile medium first to create a paint that will dry with a soft finish.

3.5.2 PAINTING TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

You really dont need lots of expensive tools or equipment for fabric paintingin a pinch you can even finger-paint! But it is helpful to have at hand a few tools for experimentation. Paintbrushes: both flat and round-tip, in various sizes Foam brushes: inexpensive, for smoothest application Sponges: manmade and sea sponges Toothbrushes: for spattering on paint Plastic buckets: for rinsing out brushes and sponges as you work Plastic covering: to protect the work surface Apron: to protect your clothing
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 Plastic or Styrofoam plates: for disposable painters palettes Spray bottle Paper towels Brayer

3.5.3 PREPARING TO PAINT

Do on protective clothing and/or disposable gloves and cover the work surface (and surrounding floor) with plastic. Pre-wash fabrics as needed, and fill two buckets with fresh water. Place all tools and paints nearby, ready to use. Tear the fabric into pieces or lay out yardage on a plastic-covered table.

3.5.4 PAINT APPLICATION

Paint may be applied to fabric in numerous ways. Here are a few suggestions to get you started: Wet the fabric with a spray bottle, spread it out on a work surface, and drop various colored paints in a random pattern for a wet-into-wet technique. Allow the painted fabric to dry naturally or speed up the process with a hair dryer. Wet fabric with a spray bottle, apply layers of textile paint to the fabric with foam brushes or damp sponges, and sprinkle the surface with kosher salt. Allow the fabric to dry completely before brushing off the salt and ironing. Apply lots of textile paint to wet fabric, and then cover the fabric with plastic wrap, pressing wrinkles into the plastic. Allow the fabric to dry for several days before removing the plastic wrap. On dry fabric, apply layers of textile paint with sponges. Pour out small puddles of paint onto a Styrofoam plate and dip soft sponges into each puddle before stamping off onto the fabric. Take care not to apply too many layers, or the fabric may stiffen. On dry or wet fabric, apply thick textile paint with a brayer: Roll the brayer in paint
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until its quite gloppy, and then roll the brayer over the fabric in long strokes. Allow the fabric to dry naturally. Fill a bucket with water, add a small amount of paint, stir, and submerge fabric for several hours or a few days. Remove the fabric, squeeze out the diluted paint, and allow the fabric to dry undisturbed in a tight ball for one week. Open the fabric ball and iron flat; note the lovely wrinkle patterns. This technique also works with strong black tea or coffee.

3.5.5 HEAT-SETTING & FABRIC CARE

Acrylic paints are permanent once dry; hence the need for wearing old clothes or an apron while painting! There is no need to heat-set acrylic paint. But textile paint must be heat-set with an iron for permanence, and some manufacturers recommend waiting at least 24 hours after the paint has dried before washing the fabric. After painting, some fabrics should be washed by hand, while others may be machine-washed. Consult the manufacturers instructions on paint labels for specific instructions regarding the care of hand painted fabrics.

3.5.6 CLEANUP
If you covered your work surface and surrounding floor with plastic, cleanup should be a snap. Simply wipe down the plastic with a damp sponge to remove any spills, dry the plastic, and store it for later use. Discard used paper towels. Wash out all brushes and sponges with warm water and mild detergent and rinse them until the water runs clear. Store brushes flat or with the tips up. Squeeze out the moisture from your sponges. Rinse out your buckets and store them for later use.

3.6 FABRIC PAINTING TECHNIQUES

There are different fabric painting techniques for embellishing a fabric or a garment. Some of these textile painting technique are enumerated as below.

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3.6.1 REVERSE STAMPING

Through this technique, many simple yet unique designs can be painted on a fabric. The resultant fabric gives an appearance similar to that of batik fabrics. The extender base is the main ingredient of reverse stamping technique. Extender Base is a non pigmented ink, added to standard ink for making it transparent. The other materials needed are fabric paints, stamps, paintbrushes and washed & dried unbleached fabric, preferably from among cotton fabrics. Reverse Stamping is a "wet" technique, in which the brush is used to paint a coat of extender base onto the fabric. The layer of extender base is not very thick. One or more colors are applied onto the layer of extender base while it is still wet. Now the brush strokes are gently smoothed with finger tips to allow the colors to mix with each other, or the brush strokes are left as they are so as to make them visible on the material. Sometimes, stamps or other items like a crushed piece of paper, sponge, a fork, finger, etc. are also used to remove the layer of paint while the surface is still wet. It gives the fabric a batik like effect. The paint is allowed to dry thoroughly before heat setting.

3.6.2 PRINTING WITH STAMPS

Any kind of purchased or self made stamp, even linocuts, can be used for such painting. Other materials needed are fabric paint, paintbrush, stamping pad, and fabric preferably unbleached cotton or calico which is a plain white cotton cloth, heavier than muslin fabric. A thin layer of paint is applied onto the stamping pad with the paint brush. Colors can also be blend on the stamping pad. The stamp is then tapped lightly on the paint on the stamping pad so as to cover it wholly with paint. Then the stamp is placed onto the fabric to transfer the stamp design with color on it. Stamping pads can be used multiple times by storing them after rinsing in cold or luke warm water.

3.6.3 SCREEN PRINTING TECHNIQUE

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The material needed for fabric painting through screen printing include a ready-to-print screen, a squeegee, fabric paint, fabric, and a printing table having a soft surface. The table can be covered with a blanket and then with a plastic sheet to give it a soft surface. The screen is placed in a face down position on the fabric. Fabric Paint is placed across the top portion of the screen above the design. The frame is hold in position with one hand while placing the squeegee between the top of the frame and the paint. The squeegee is pulled down firmly to the bottom of the screen. If thick fabric like duck fabric is used, the paint may be needed to pull down more than once so as to get a good print. On thin fabrics, the process done once is enough. The screen is then carefully lifted from the fabric. The design can be repeated but care has to be taken that the front side of the screen which is placed on the fabric does not have any paint on it.

3.6.4 SCRATCHING
Scratching is similar to reverse stamping and the extender base is again the main material here. However, instead of removing the paint using a stamp, one can draw into or scratch directly onto the fabric with the help of a knitting needle or the back of a paintbrush or some other item having pointed tip. Poplin fabric is a great choice for this technique apart from unbleached cotton. The brush strokes are much more visible on poplin which gives a beautiful effect to the fabric painting. These and many other techniques can be used alone or by mixing with each other such as stamp and stencils can be used alone or together to give unique effect to the painted fabrics; scraping can be used along with scratching; and many other techniques can be invented as per one's requirement and imagination. Fabric painting is basically a creative work and it can't be limited by any one technique.

3.7 CONSIDERATIONS FOR FABRIC PAINTING

There are certain points that should be kept in mind while preparing the fabric for the process of fabric painting. Some of these basic considerations have been mentioned below.
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Always try to select washable natural fiber and natural blended fabrics. Fifty- fifty cottonpolyester blends are the best for doing fabric painting. Rayon fabrics and silk fabrics also give good results. It is best to try a sample square to check the results on these fabrics.

Always iron the fabric well before starting fabric painting. If doing it on clothing then always ensure that you get wrinkle free clothing for the purpose. Wrinkles can destroy the design beyond repair.

Always test paint in a hidden area of the fabric piece or the apparel to be painted in order to ensure its compatibility with the paints. Paint colors may give different appearance on colored or textured fabrics for example a paint may look lighter on cotton fabric but the same color may look dark on cotton fabric textures such as denim fabric.

Always wash and dry new fabric items in order to remove the sizing chemicals. The sizing added during textile manufacture prevents the paint from adhering to the fabric surface. Never skip this step and also do not use fabric softeners. You need to bring the fabrics in their natural state and do not need to add further chemicals to them.

There are different ways to transfer a design onto light colored fabrics and dark colored fabrics. When using light colored fabrics, slip the art pattern under the fabric and use a disappearing ink pen to trace over the lines. If transferring multiple images then move pattern in various places and trace accordingly. Paint over the lines and when the painted design is wholly dry, spray quickly some water over residual lines of disappearing ink to remove.

To transfer designs onto dark colored fabrics, use a chalk pencil and tulle netting made of tulle fabric. For it, tape down the line art pattern onto the fabric and then tape the tulle netting over the pattern. Trace the pattern onto the tulle with the help of black permanent marker. Now position the tulle netting in place on the fabric and tape it to secure. Retrace the lines with a chalk pencil. Finally remove the tulle netting to reveal the lines made with chalk.

It's also important to take care of the fabric painted pieces in the proper way. If the clothing or fabric can be machine washed as per the care instructions then turn it inside out and use warm water on gentle cycle with a mild detergent in a warm rinse. Cold water sometimes lead the fabric paint to crack. Line dry. Never opt for dry cleaning nor use harsh detergents, and bleaching chemicals.

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3.8 PAINTING FLOWERS WITH ACRYLIC PAINTS 3.8.1 INSTRUCTIONS

Acrylic Paint in Your Choice of Colors Canvas Several Paintbrushes in Different Sizes and Textures Acrylic Paint Cleaner Easel Time Knowledge of Painting Black Permanent Marker

1. Set up your easel, place canvas on your easel and get your paints and paint-brushes out

and ready to go. 2. Choose a smaller brush and dip it in a subdued yellow paint and apply it to the canvas in a circular shape (size will depend on intended flower size). Choose a few other brown and yellow colors to give the flower of the center depth and apply them as you see fit.
3. Now choose the base color of your flower petals and create each petal one by one (be

sure to start smaller because you can always add size, but you can't take it away). 4. Fill in your flower petals with other colors as desired to add realism. 5. Create your stems and leaves by using an olive green paint as a base and working in other greens, browns and yellows for depth and texture.

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6. If you choose to paint them inside of a vase create the leaves and stems after. You will use the same painting techniques (layering colors) to create the vase to your desires and standards. 7. Allow to dry and frame if desired and then clean the brushes with the acrylic paint remover.

3.8.2 TIPS & WARNINGS

1. Not all colors have to coordinate. For example, if you are creating flowers with purples and violets, blues and yellows (in moderation) add a great contrast. 2. Be sure to utilize brushes of different sizes and textures because the end result will be much more realistic. 3. Make sure to try and finish the painting in one sitting at least each flower must be done in one sitting. The paint must be wet to layer and mix properly. 4. When you are layering colors less is more. You can always add more if needed, but trying to take paint off once applied is not going to be a possibility.
5. Do not use the acrylic paint remover on the canvas. It is only meant to clean the brushes.

3.9 CREATE FLOWERS WITH ACRYLIC PAINTS

If you are looking to paint semi-realistic flowers with acrylic paint here is an easy step by step guide to getting the perfect shape and color. 3.9.1 INSTRUCTIONS Paint Paint brushes Canvas

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1. The first thing that you need to do when painting anything is figure out what color you want it to be. Let's go with pink since we are talking about flowers. 2. Grab a palate. If you do not have one aluminum foil is a great spread for paints. If your paints are runny, bend the sides of the aluminum foil to create walls around your paint so that they do not run off the foil or into other colors. 3. For pink flowers you will need to mix red and white until you reach the desired color. It is best to have your flower drawn on your canvas before you paint it. That way you know exactly where to paint. 4. Using a paintbrush that is smaller than the area you are painting, dab the tip into your mixed paint and rub the excess off of the sides of your brush. Paint the entire flower this color, except for the stem and any pollen areas. 5. You will want to add shadows to your flower as well as light sources. Figure out where you want the light to come from. Add a litte bit of red to your existing pink color and mix it. Then paint the edges of each petal on your flower, only where the shaded areas will be. On the opposite side you will use a lighter pink color, which you can make by adding white to your already mixed pink. 6. After you have Blended the dark pink and the light pink into the base color it is time to add light. You will need yellow. There is two ways to do this. You can blend bits of yellow into the light pink or you can dab dots of yellow sporadically over the light pink color. This depends on what style you want. For the stem and pollen areas, use the same technique. Start with a base color, then add dark and light colors from the base color. Then add your light source (yellow). This should get you on the right track to a great looking acrylic flower.

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II METHODOLOGY 4. SELECTION OF YARN

Bamboo is a very durable yarn with great stability. It is softer than silk yarn and feels very smooth to the touch. Bamboo yarn can easily be dyed to create a wide variety of colors. Bamboo has natural antibacterial, anti-static and anti-fungal properties and, when incorporated into clothing, protects you from harmful ultraviolet rays.

Bamboo yarn is very absorbent, making it a suitable choice for clothing, as it will wick perspiration away from the skin almost immediately. Bamboo yarn is breathable and adapts to the temperature around you. The fibers have an internal structure that is filled with tiny gaps and holes, which allow for ventilation, keeping you cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, when those same gaps trap warm air close to the skin.

Cotton Yarns are warmth, light weight, durability and softness. cotton yarns are the least expensive. Yarns are made up of a number of singles, which are known as plies when grouped together. These singles of yarn are twisted together in the opposite direction to make a thicker yarn. Depending on the direction of this final twist, the yarn will be known as stwist or z-twist. Cotton is an eco-friendly and its make cooler in summer season.

40s count yarn is used in the manufacture of fabric.

5. SELECTION OF FABRIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

PLAIN WEAVE: It is the simplest weave and therefore inexpensive to produce.Many fabrics that you commonly wear like mulmul dupattas, organdy and chiffon sarees are all plain weave. Each and every weft yarn goes alternatelyunder and over the warp yarns across the width of the fabric. If theyarns are close together, the plain weave has a high thread count and the fabric will be firm and will wear well.
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Plain weave is the simplest of all type of weave and is the most widely used fabric weave to produce produce, durable, flat, tight surface compatible to printing and other finishes. Plain weave is a basic style of weaves, which has the weft and warp threads intertwined in an alternate way to produce a checkerboard effect. It is also known as one-up-one-down weave or over and under pattern. In this, the warp and weft are of equal tension and spacing and it is equally visible on the surface. It is also known as taffeta weave. This technique is used in producing the bamboo cotton blend fabric.

6.GARMENT SHILLOUTE 6.1 KURTHA

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6.2 GARMENT DESIGN

6.3 KURTHA - KIDS BOY GARMENT MEASUREMENTS

Chest 16 Waist 22 Top Length- 19 Sleeve length 15

6.4 DRAFTING PROCEDURE

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 ABCD is a rectangle represents a double layer of paper fold along BC . AB = 1/4th chest + 1 BC = dress length On AB mark BE = 1/12th chest B E1 = half back width On BC mark BG= 1/4 BH = 1/12 + Connect EG for back neck line and EH for front neck line On AD mark AI = chest Draw E1 O parallel to and equal to AI Mark F1 =1 below E1 for shoulder slope. Mark Y =1/4 away from X as shown . Connect FXI for back armscye and FYI for front armscye .

6.5 SLEEVE

Draw rectangle ABCD with AB= 1/4th chest AD= sleeve length. Mark BE = 1/2 AB and DF = lower arm+1/2.
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 Connect AE, EF. Divide AE into 4 equal parts and mark a, b, c. Mark cd=3/8, bf = , ae=3/8 Connect AfE for back and AebdE for front sleeve cap seam line.

6.6 CHINESE COLLAR

Draw a rectangle ABCD with AB = neck measurement. BC = collar width 1 to 1 1/2. DS = back neck measurement. Round off the centre front edge of the collar through point O if desired.

6.7 LAYOUT
Fold the cloth crosswise and keep the paper pattern on it with the straight grain line parallel to the selvedge.

6.8 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

Attach front and back shoulder line . Make a slit on the centre front of the neck line for placket opening. Finish the placket by continuous placket . Attach the collar to the neck line. Attach the sleeve and hem the sleeve bottom.
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Finish the side seam from sleeve hem to slit opening. Finish the slit opening. Finish the bottom hem line.

6.9 PYJAMA

6.10 PYJAMA DESIGN

6.11 PYJAMA - MEASUREMENTS

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Length- 28 Waist -22 Hip- 24

6.12 DRAFTING PROCEDURE

ABCD is a rectangle represents a double layer of paper fold along BC and with extension of 2 beyond AB and AD. AB = 1/3rd hip BC = full length Mark AE = 1/3rd hip Draw E E1 parallel to AB Take BL = E1 H = HIP + 1 Connect HL. Mark HJ = 1/3rd AE . Connect EJ. This is the centre front and centre back seam. DS = 1 to 2. Connect ES. This is the inside leg seam.

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6.13 LAYOUT
Fold the cloth crosswise and keep the paper pattern on it with the straight grain line parallel to the selvedge.

6.14 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

Finish the centre front seam and the centre back seam. Join the waist line to the centre front and centre back. Finish lower hem. Join inside leg seam. Finish waist line by elastic.

7.GARMENT SHILLOUTE 7.1 UMBRELLA FROCK

7.2 GARMENT DESIGN

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7.3 UMBRELLA FROCK MEASUREMENT

Chest 13 Waist 23 Frock length - 30

7.4 BODIES DRAFTING PROCEDURE

Draw rectangle ABCD.

AB= 1/4th chest 69

 BC = bodice length

BE= 4 , AF= 1, DG= 1, curve the points as shown

7.5 LAYOUT
Fold the cloth lengthwise and keep the paper pattern on it with the straight grain line parallel to the selvedge.

7.6 SKIRT DRAFTING PROCEDURE

Fold the square along its middle, first lengthwise and crosswise to make a smaller square ABCD.
Note that there are 4 thickness of fabric and that AB= BC= Skirt length+1/6th waist. Connect BD as shown. Mark BE=BF=BO= 1/6th waist.

Connect EOF as shown. Make sure that AE=FC= skirt length Mark P parallel to O which is the centre of AC. Connect APC as a curve for bottom hem line. Draw cutting line for waist , beyond EOF. Now cut the pattern along this line and hem line.

7.7 LAYOUT
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Place the pattern in combination fold.

7.8 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

Finish the front bodies with facing by attaching the strap together. Make two parts of back bodies and attach strap and finish with facing. Attach zipper in back bodies Finish the side seam of bodies. Attach the circular skirt with lining to the waist line. Finish the bottom hem line.

8. FABRIC PAINTING- FLORAL ART 8.1 KURTHA AND PYJAMA

1. Set up your fabric according to the pattern, place the fabric on newspaper and get your

paints and paint-brushes out and ready to go. 2. Mark the places of flowers to be painted with pencil in light stroke.
3. Choose a round brush and dip it in a pink paint and apply it in a flower shape (size will

depend on intended flower size).

4. Choose mustard yellow colors to give the flower of the center depth and apply them as

you see fit. 5. Now choose the base color of your flower petals and create each petal one by one (be sure to start smaller because you can always add size, but you can't take it away). 6. Fill in your flower petals with other colors as desired to add realism.
7. Create your stems and leaves by using an olive green paint as a base and working in other

greens, and yellows for depth and texture. 8. Allow to dry and iron it on the reverse side of painting after 24 hours.
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8.2 UMBRELLA FROCK

1. Set up your fabric according to the pattern, place the fabric on newspaper and get your

paints and paint-brushes out and ready to go. 2. Mark the places of flower to be painted in equal distance. 3. Prepare the stencil of flower shape for outlining.
4. Choose a smaller brush and dip it in a red paint and apply it inside the stencil in a flower

shape (size will depend on intended flower size). Choose yellow colors to give the flower of the center depth and apply them as you see fit. 5. Now choose the base color of your flower petals and create each petal one by one (be sure to start smaller because you can always add size, but you can't take it away). 6. Fill in your flower petals with other colors as desired to add realism.
7. Create your stems and leaves by using an olive green paint as a base and working in other

greens, browns and yellows for depth and texture. 8. Allow to dry and iron it on the reverse side of painting after 24 hours.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

There are many uses for bamboo fabric in the home, as well as in manufactured products. Because of its antibacterial nature as well as the soft feel and absorptive properties, bamboo fabric is a fantastic choice for all of the uses.

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Results established using a method of restricted extraction for hand evaluation of pure cotton and blended cotton/bamboo fabrics show that interblending bamboo fiber into cotton fabric composition significantly improves fabrics hand . Additional softness could be achieved using softeners, the efficiency of which is much more significant to finished as well as raw fabrics interblended with bamboo fibers, if compared to those of pure cotton. Interblending bamboo fibre into cotton fabric weft gives an opportunity to increase the softness of the fabric and to extend the assortment of natural fabrics.

BIBLIOGRAPHY WEBSITES:
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http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bamboo-fabric.htm http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/1168/ http://www.cotton.org/pubs/cottoncounts/story/ http://plainweave.net/Plain_Weave/Welcome.html http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/11/1095/different-types-of-weaves1.asp http://www.stampington.com/html/beginningbasics_fabpaint.html http://www.ehow.com/how_5513957_do-fabric-flower-paintings.html

BOOKS:
Fiber to fabric- Bernard P. Corbman

APPENDIX
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1. BAMBOO

2. FLOWERING BAMBOO

3.BAMBOO FOLIAGE WITH BLACK STEM

4. EDIBLE BAMBOO SHOOTS IN A JAPANESE MARKET

5. KHAO LAM IS GLUTINOUS RICE

6. BAMBOO SCAFFOLDING CAN E REACH GREAT HEIGHTS.

7. HOUSE MADE ENTIRELY OF

8. BAMBOO PAVILION IN THE

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BAMBOO

SHENZHEN BIENNALE

9. BAMBOO FIBRE

10. BAMBOO YARN

11. A SCARF MADE OF BAMBOO YARN

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12. BAMBOO FABRIC PRODUCTS GIFT PACKAGE

13. BED ROOM FURNISHING

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14. BAMBOO FABRIC APPARELS

15. BAMBOO FABRIC SANITARY

16. COTTON BALL

17. TRASHES AND LINT REMOVING

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18. GROWING COTTON

19. COTTON FLOWER, COTTON FOOTBALL, COTTON

20. COTTON STRIPPER HARVESTER

21. COTTON GINNING

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22. SPINNING

23.PLAIN WEAVE STRUCTURE

24. FABRIC PAINTING

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