Iptv PPT Smpte Pda Now 01-17-2008 Iptv

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?
IPTV
What Does it Really Mean and How Does it Work?
By Greg Thompson Chief Video Architect, Cisco Systems VCNBU
grthomps@cisco.com, +1-408-525-7711 January 17, 2008, 1-2 PM EST
1 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.
1/18/2008
Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.
Thank you to our SMPTE PDA Now Premium sponsors for their generous support
SMPTE PDA Now

Series of monthly 1-hour online, interactive webcasts covering a variety of technical topics 2nd Thursday of each month
Beginning Feb
Free professional development benefit for SMPTE members Sessions are recorded for member viewing convenience.
1/18/2008
Our Speaker Today

Greg Thompson
Chief Video Architect Video and Content Networking Business Unit Service Provider Video-on-Demand (VOD) and IPTV systems Responsible for development of architecture and products for large scale highly available video content distribution and streaming for MSO cable and Telco wireline operators SMPTE Member Actively participates and directs Ciscos efforts in the ITU-T IPTV Focus Group and other IPTV-related Standards Development Organizations.
Session Outline What is IPTV? IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture Protocols used with IPTV Network support for IPTV Emerging IPTV Standards
Questions & Answers break after each section

1/18/2008
What is IPTV?
Internet Protocol (IP) + Television (TV)
The future aint what it used to be.
Yogi Berra
Telcos entering TV services market

Including:
Verizons FiOS TV AT&Ts U-verse FTs Orange TV Frees Freebox TV DTs T-Home BTs Vision TIs Alice homeTV Telefonicas Imagenio China Telecoms NTV Qwests Choice TV FastWeb TV SingTels mio TV PCCWs NOW TV CHTs iTV MOD SaskTels MaxTV Belgacom TV Softbanks BBTV KPNs Mine Hanaros Hana TV NTT/Plalas 4th Media NTTs OnDemand TV KDDIs Hikari Plus TV
Video still delivers high revenue per subscriber

1/18/2008
Top 10 Telco IPTV deployments today

Rank Carrier France Telecom Country France France Hong Kong France Spain Taiwan China Belgium Sweden Italy IPTV Subs 2,170,000 975,000 818,000 600,000 469,067 358,000 310,000 249,434 216,000 170,000 Broadband Subs 2.77 million 6.9 million 1.18 million 3.12 million 4.34 million 4.07 million 35.1 million 1.20 million 1.03 million 1.25 million 78.4% 14.1% 69.3% 19.2% 10.8% 8.8% 0.9% 20.8% 21.5% 13.6%
1 Iliad (Free) 2 3 PCCW 4 Neuf Cegetel 5 Telefonica 6 Chunghwa Telecom 7 China Telecom 8 Belgacom 9 TeliaSonera 10 Fastweb
From Light Reading report Top Ten IPTV Carriers issued Jan 14, 2008 Verizon FiOS is not included since its broadcast channels are not delivered via IPTV
Europe and Asia are clearly leading in IPTV

Cable MSOs are embracing IP Video

Comcast, Time Warner & Coxs Next Generation Network Architecture (NGNA) initiative kicked it off in 2004 Moved to national IP core networks for video content distribution Large scale metropolitan IP networks deployed to support cable VOD service DSG, M-CMTS, DOCSIS 3.0, Tru2way improving support for IP video Next Gen cable STBs will support IP video via integrated DOCSIS modems Efforts to expand video services to devices over home networks
Comcast.nets TheFan portal Internet Video delivery to PCs NGNA defined how cable evolves to IP
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Looking to leverage advantages of IP as well

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Many Internet Video Competitors Emerging
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Offering direct Over-the-Top Video Services

Service Provider IPTV

Service Provider IPTV is delivered over a managed network
Including xDSL (e.g. ADSL2+, VDSL2), FTTx (e.g. GPON, MetroE), HFC (via DOCSIS Cable Modem), or wireless (e.g. 4G, WiMax)
It normally includes support for:

IPTV Service Provider
Switched Digital Broadcast channels (SDB) Digital Video Recorder services (PVR/nPVR) Video-on-Demand services (VOD) Electronic Program Guide (EPG) Interactive TV applications (ITV) Targeted or Advanced Advertising etc. Subscriber
IP-STB (Set Top Box)
Broadband IP Access Network
Digital TV
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SP provides content aggregation and delivery

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Promise of a New Television Experience
Interactive
Informative
Collaborative
Personalized
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Educational
Beyond Traditional TV
Enabled by Integration of Video delivery with IP

Trends Driving IPTV Adoption

Subscribers want more choice & control
New generation grew up computer/Internet savvy Connected Life At Home, At Work, & On the road Want one bill, one provider, integrated services customized for me
Improved codec, access, server, & CPE technology

MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) next generation codec improvements New ADSL2+, VDSL2, FTTx, DOCSIS 3.0 access technologies Moores law advancements in processing & memory
Greater competition among service providers

No longer limited by access, All services over any network Traditional markets going away, Voice & Long distance almost free
Video is driving next generation SP network design

Driven by videos bandwidth & QoS requirements Experiencing exponential growth in Internet video usage
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IPTV is experiencing the Perfect Storm

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Panasonic 150 Plasma HDTV (11 x 6.25)

11 feet
6 2 5 f e e t
.
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4K Digital Cinema Resolution (4096 x 2160 = 8.84 Mpixels)

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IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture

Components of an IPTV System
I look for what needs to be done. After all, that's how the universe designs itself.
Buckminster Fuller
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Video Headend Building Blocks

Video Acquisition
Satellite Reception Off-Air Reception Satellite, Off-Air, and Fiber Receivers Signal Conversion
Video Encoding
MPEG-2 MPEG-4 AVC Standard Definition High Definition Audio Encoding
Video Processing
Transcoding Transrating Splicing Multiplexing Ad-Insertion
Video Management
CAS/DRM Remote Operations Metadata, Billing VOD Servers Video Applications
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Acquiring, Processing, and Transmitting Video

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Video-on-Demand Services
Movies-on-Demand (MOD) Subscription Video-on-Demand (SVOD) Free Video-On-Demand (FVOD) HDTV-on-Demand (HDVOD) Network-based Personal Video Recording (nPVR) Public, Educational & Governmental On-Demand (PEGOD) City council meetings, Information Local sports & Community events Distance Learning (EduVOD) Education-on-Demand Do-it-yourself tutorials Advanced Advertising (Adv 2) Interactive TV (iTV) Video-based shopping Virtual museums, vacations, etc.
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Comcast has delivered over 5 Billion VOD streams

TWCs Start Over Service Findings

A network-PVR based service
But no fast-forward permitted
Service offered free to digital subscribers within selected markets

50 Channels, selected content
More than 70% of customers used Start Over each month

Using the service an average of 10 times per month Start Over programs were among the most frequently requested titles Even given its brief broadcast window
Source: Communications Technology, Sept 2006, Industry Reports
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Easy-to-Use, Very Popular, Reduced Churn

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Video-on-Demand Architecture Evolution

Video Headend 1) Distributed 2) Centralized 3) Hybrid (both) 4) Cache-based
(CDN-like)
Separate Scalable Shared Networked Attached Storage
Distribution Hub or VCO

Video Pump + Storage
EdgeQAM EdgeQAM EdgeQAM
Storage costs became excessive

High bandwidth & QoS requirements High Cost & Complexity

Multiple pumps Video Streamer Video Pump + Storage
EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access
EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access
Video Vault
IP
Cache
IP
Universal Edge Universal Edge Universal Edge
Automatic Intelligent Content Propagation Predictive & On-Demand
Separate Scalable Connected Video Pump via Resources standard IP networking
Through an Intelligent Network Edge
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Cisco CDS is an example of Cache-based design

Need for Advanced Advertising

On-Demand (VOD & PVRs) is devaluing traditional broadcast advertising
Cant assume subscriber will see the ads
New approaches to advertising:

Spot ads or placement on VOD user interface Telescoping or Long format ads Targeted or Personalized Advertising
Third-party application can select ads based on a profiles and preferences Spot insertion before, during or after video on demand (VOD) content Video Pump dynamically splices in ads
Interactive Advertising
Ads can be delivered based on customer request and even solicit customer input
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Changing Ads from Interruptions to Information

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Advertising Technology Evolution

Digital Program Insertion (DPI)
Program Source
MPEG-2 Transport Typically w/SCTE 35 MPEG-2 digital cue tone VBR MPTS messages
Moving to
Advanced Advertising
Content Information Service (CIS) Manages metadata describing advertising & program assets Placement Opportunity Information Service (POIS) Defines ad insertion opportunities Subscriber Information Service (SIS) Manages subscriber metadata relevant to an ad decision Ad Decision Service (ADS) Determines ads to place for a given insertion opportunity Ad Management Service (ADM) Manages ad placement execution
Ad Server
Emerging XML-based standard SCTE 130 (DVS-629) components:
SCTE 30 session
MPEG-2 SPTS
Typically a statistical multiplexer Replacement of 1-800 generic network ad
Splicer
Transport Stream
ANSI/SCTE 30, 35, & 67 DPI standards

http://www.scte.org/content/index.cfm?pID=59
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Moving towards more personalized Ad delivery

IP Set Top Boxes (IP-STB)

Example: SAs IPN330HD model
Branding Space for Customer Logo 4 LEDS and 7 front panel keys USB 2.0
10/100bT Ethernet
USB 2.0
HDMI YPrPb
S-Video
Dual BB Video Dual L/R Audio
Optical S/PDIF
12 VDC Power
Dimensions: 9.8 L x 7.7 W x 1.7 H
Ch. 3/4 RF Output
HPNA 3 IP over coax
IR Remote
Standard & High Def MPEG-2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codecs, SOC design, Multi-room DVR client, WinCE or Linux OS, Middleware & CA/DRM options
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Interfaces between subscriber and IPTV service

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Role of IPTV Middleware

Enables
Revenue producing IPTV services Differentiation for service provider Consistent & extensible consumer experience Delivery of rich media to consumer A compelling Graphical User Interface
Glues
Ties together all parts of the end-to-end IPTV System including:
EPG CAS/DRM EAS Billing SI & SAM Content Navigation VOD Servers STB support Triple play integration Service Packaging Head end processing Asset Management Business Management Subscriber Management Network Management
Implements the interoperability of the IPTV systems components

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IPTV Middleware resides in STB and headend

Telco IPTV Network Hierarchy

National
SHE
Super Head End
Regional
VHO
Video Headend Office
VOD Servers
Local
VSO
Video Serving Office
Video Caches
Personal
Home
Subscriber
Home Network
RG Access Networks
National Backbone IRTs Network

Library Servers
Metro Networks
RTE
National Content
Local Content
Local Zone Ad-Insertion
IP-STB
1-2 sites
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10-100 sites
100-1000 sites 1+ Million sites
Cable VSOs often called Distribution Hubs

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13
Telco IPTV Network Architecture

Super Head End (SHE)
CRS-1 National Content Acquisition Receiver Decoder National VOD Vault Processing DCM Encoding Encoder Regional CDS Vault Array Regional CDS Streamer Array xDSL DSLAM Receiver ROSA Regional Content IP-STB CRS-1
Video Switching Offices (VSO)

7600 Distributed CDS Streamer Array PON FTTx
Home
Home Access Gateway
National Core Network
Regional Metro Network

7600 or CRS-1
7600
IP-STB
PC
MetroE HAG VQE-S ME 3400 IP-STB PC
CA/DRM Management
Middleware DCM
Encoder
HAG
Decoder PC
Video Head End Office (VHO)

Aggregation Access
Core
Distribution
Home
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An End-to-End IP Network
IPTV Architecture as defined by ITU-T

IPTV Physical Network Hierarchy IPTV Functional Architecture Framework
End-User Functions Application Functions Management Functions Content Provider Functions
Application Profile Function Application Clients Content Preparation
Content & Metadata
Application Management Functions Content & Data Sources
Transaction Protocol
IPTV Applications
Metadata
IPTV Terminal Functions
Content Delivery Management Functions
Content Delivery Functions

Content Delivery Control Functions
Service Support Functions
Media Client Session Client Control Client
Delivery Protocols
Content Delivery & Storage Function Core IMS IPTV Service Control Function
NGN Service Stratum

Service User User Profile Profile function Functions
Service Control Management Functions
Session Protocol
Control Protocol
Service Control Functions
Home Network Functions
Authentication & Configuration Protocol
Network Attachment Control Functions (NACF) [ T-user Profile]
Resource & Admission Control Functions (RACF)
Control Functions
NGN Transport Stratum
Transport Management Functions
Delivery Network Gateway Function
Access Network Functions
Edge Functions
Core Transport Functions
Transport Functions
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From ITU-T IPTV Architecture (FG.IPTV-DOC-181)

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NGN Combined IPTV Architecture
14
Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.0

Content Acquisition Service Management & Operations Complete end-to-end video application suite Broadcast and VOD services Digital Rights Management Content Distribution
Live
Live Video Encoder RDP Application Server
Subscriber & System Store
Notification Server
Content Consumption
SMS Server Acquisition Server
OSS/BSS Gateway
Terminal Server
Client Gateway
Broadcast DServers
IP STB
Core IP Network
Edge Network RG Access Network
VOD Acquisition Server VOD servers On-Demand
IP Phone
Video Encoder Preencoded
PSTN
Internet Administration SNMP Monitor OSS/BSS Systems
PC Internet access
www.microsoft.com/tv
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Server-based, Live broadcast top, VOD bottom

Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.1

DServers for ICC & Error repair
VOD Servers
www.microsoft.com/tv
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Key scalability areas: DServers & VOD servers

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Protocols used with IPTV

RTP, RTCP, RTSP, SSP, IGMP, ...
The greatest problem with communication is the illusion that it has occurred.
George Bernard Shaw
31
MPEG Video Summary

ISO/IEC-11172 (MPEG-1 ~1988-1996) ISO/IEC-13818 (MPEG-2 ~1993-2000) ISO/IEC-14496 (MPEG-4 ~2001-2005) Video Sequence Group of Pictures
Next Gen Advanced Video Codecs: H.264
Pictur e Macroblock 16x16 pixels Block

Discrete Cosine Transform
or
(Future: MPEG-4 SVC?) I B B
VC-1
8 Pixels
I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Pixels
43.8 -40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
One Group of Pictures
I Frames - Intra-coded only - Reference frame for future prediction. P Frames - Forward prediction from either previous I or P frames. B Frames - Bi-directional interpolated prediction from two sources.
32
DCT Co-efficients Zig-Zag extraction
Eliminate redundancy, leverage sense limitations

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Digital Video Bandwidths

Uncompressed Digital Video
SDTV (480i CCIR 601 over SD-SDI SMPTE 259M) EDTV (480p or 576p via SMPTE 344M) HDTV (1080i or 720p over HD-SDI SMPTE 292M) HDTV (1080p over Dual link HD-SDI SMPTE 372M) 165.9 270 Mbps 540 Mbps
1.485 Gbps
2.970 Gbps 3 6 Mbps 12 20 Mbps 18 50 Mbps 140 500 Mbps 1.5 3 Mbps
MPEG-2 Compressed Video

SDTV Broadcast (3.75 Mbps for cable VOD) HDTV Broadcast (19.3 Mbps for ATSC DTV) SDTV Production (Contribution 4:2:2 I-frame only) HDTV Production (Contribution 4:4:4 I-frame 10-bit)
MPEG-4 AVC / H.264 Compressed Video

SDTV Broadcast (about 50% less than MPEG-2) HDTV Broadcast (1080i about 4x SDTV)
33
6 9 Mbps
Provides ~ 200:1 compression of HDTV

Packetization into a MPEG-2 SPTS

Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS)
Timing Information
CBR or VBR encoded
27 MHz clock PCRs
Contains a single video program with associated audio, data, etc.

Video PES Audio PES Audio PES
PTSs
Video Input Audio Inputs
Video Encoder Audio Encoder
MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 AVC SDTV or HDTV Video Elementary Stream MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam) or Dolby AC-3 5.1 Surround Audio Elementary Stream
Packetizer Packetizer
MPEG-2 Transport Stream Mux
MPEG-2 SPTS to network or storage
Alternate audio tracks
Generates a sequence of 188 byte SPTS packets:

188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet
PAT (PID=0) & PMT

188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p
SI data
Video
Video
Audio
Video
Transport Stream defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 (ITU-T H.222.0)
34
Each packet identified by a 13-bit PID value

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MPEG-2 SPTS over UDP/IP Video Delivery

188 bytes G-2 packet MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p
Time ltiple complete EG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes
C R C
Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets per 1362 byte Ethernet PDU
...
P M H A Y C
I P v 4
U D P
Multiple complete MPEG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes
C R C
...
P H Y
M A C
I P v 4
U D P
Multiple MPEG-2
8 14 20
8 14 20
8 1-7 * 188 b
Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max
One to seven MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS) packets per Ethernet frame delivered directly over UDP/IP/Ethernet
For each 3.75 Mbps MPEG-2 SD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 2.8 msec For each 15.0 Mbps MPEG-2 HD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 0.7 msec
Up to 250 streams at 3.75 Mbps/stream per Gigabit Ethernet output UDP/IP/GigE delivery overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1370) = 4%
35
Common format today for cable VOD

Real Time Protocol (RTP)
Internet-standard for transport of real-time data, including audio and video

Used for media on-demand as well as interactive services such as telephony.
RTP standard (IETF RFC 3550 July 2003) consists of data and control. The latter is RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol).
RTP supports real-time applications with continuous media (e.g. audio & video), including timing reconstruction, loss detection, security and content id. RTCP provides quality-of-service feedback from receivers to the sender(s) as well as support for the synchronization of different media streams.
Provides IP network visibility into video stream timing and packet loss
36
Enables network to better support video delivery

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MPEG-2 SPTS over RTP/UDP/IP Delivery

188 bytes G-2 acket MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p
Time iple complete EG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes
C R C
Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets per 1374 byte Ethernet PDU
...
P M H A Y C
I P v 4
U D P
R T P
Multiple complete MPEG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes
C R C
...
P H Y
M A C
I P v 4
U D P
R T P
Multiple MPEG-2
8 14 20
8 12
8 14 20 8 12 1-7 * 188
Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max
Adds RTP-layer time stamp, sequence number, and other capabilities defined by IETF RFC 3550 (RTP) and RFC 2250 (MPEG over RTP) Still integral number of MPEG-2 TS packets per RTP message
For each 2 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC SD stream, Ethernet frame every 5.264 msec For each 8 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC HD stream, Ethernet frame every 1.316 msec
RTP/UDP/IP/GigE overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1382) = 5%

37
Preferred Stack for all Real-time streams on IP

Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP)

RTP control protocol (RTCP)
Sender Report
Periodic transmission of control packets to all participants in the session, using same distribution mechanism as the data packets
Sender (SR) & Receiver (RR) Reports provide feedback on RTP transmission Feedback Includes:
Timestamps (NTP, DLSR and LSR), which further allows calculation of Round-Trip Time Packet counts Inter-arrival jitter (variation in delay) Fraction of packets lost Cumulative number of packet lost
Making it scalable via aggregation
Receiver Report
38
Provides feedback to network regarding streams

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Simplified Set Top Box (STB) Data Flow

Private data To CPU Video data
STBs MPEG Video Decode Buffer
CBR/VBR Packets
STBs Network Buffer De-jittering Re-ordering FEC / Re-xmit
Transport Demux
Video
Audio data
STBs MPEG Audio Decode Buffer
audio
TV
1. Packets enter the network buffer
2. Transport Demux separates video and audio
3. When buffer is ~ full, Audio and Video Decoders play from Buffer
39
Its All About Reliably Delivering the Experience

Cables Session Setup & Stream Control

Control only, not data
Session Setup Protocol (SSP) for session setup Lightweight Stream Control Protocol (LSCP) for play, pause, resume, status, reset, and jump stream control with NPT timing and scale (rate) Derived from ISO/IEC 13818-6 MPEG-2 DSM-CC originally by TWC Small binary messages; designed for ATM environments Video stream is delivered Out-Of-Band usually using UDP over IP
Client
A r c h I t e c t u r e
System Resource Manager (SRM)

Client-Session-SetUp-Request Server-Session-SetUp-Indication Server-Add-Resource-Request Server-Add-Resource-Confirm Server-Session-Setup-Response Client-Session-SetUp-Confirm Client LSCP Connect Request
Server
A 3 P a r t y
Client-Session-Proceeding-Indication
time
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Creating and Controlling the Video Session

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Telcos Session Setup & Stream Control

Control only, not data
IETF RTSP (RFC 2326) for VOD Session Setup and Stream Control Developed by IETF MMUSIC working group (who also developed SIP) Textual keyword-based protocol derived from HTTP 1.1. Uses SDP. IGMPv3 (or IGMPv2) for network-level Broadcast Channel Change Video stream is delivered Out-Of-Band usually using RTP/UDP over IP
RTSP Methods: Announce, Describe, Setup, Get_Parameter, Options, Play, Pause, Redirect, & Teardown
Client SETUP rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0 CSeq: 2 Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast; client_port=3456-3457 RTSP/1.0 200 OK CSeq: 2 Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast; client_port=3456-3457;server_port=9000-9001 Session: 12345678 PLAY rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0 CSeq: 3 Range: npt=0Session: 12345678
RTSP Headers include:

Accept, Allow, Authorization, Bandwidth, Blocksize, Connection, Content-Length, Content-Type, CSeq, Date, Expires, From, If-Modified-Sense, Last-Modified, Proxy-Require, Range, Require, RTP-Info, Scale, Server, Session, Speed, Timestamp, Transport, Unsupported, User-Agent, Via, WWW-Authenticate
Server
Client
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time
Creating and Controlling the Video Session

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Network Support for IPTV

Ensuring Quality of Experience
I ask not for a lighter burden, but for broader shoulders. Jewish Proverb
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< 10-6 PLR Requirement for Video

Most critical: Packet Loss Ratio (PLR)
Video is compressed; Each packet carries multiple frames
Any loss likely causes visible artifact for a varying amount of time
Based on rule of thumb: no more than one artifact per 2 hour movie
For MPEG-2 Standard Definition content @ 3.75 Mbps this translates to a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (3,750,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.390 x 10-6 MPEG-4 AVC or SMPTE VC-1 High Definition @ 6 Mbps requires a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (6,000,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.244 x 10-6
Thus packet losses MUST be avoided!

Causes for Packet Loss:
Solve via accurate stream pacing
1) Set Top Box Jitter or CODEC Buffer Overflow 2) IP Router or Switch Buffer Overflow Solve with CAC + DiffServ 3) Bit Errors on Physical Links
Solve excessive bit errors on non-fiber (wireless or copper) links using supplemental higher-level FEC or re-transmissions
A deeper link-layer FEC over burdens VoIP & data applications
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MPEG-4 SVC could mitigate this requirement

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Network Call Admission Control

Broadcast TV
Multicast CAC
Policy Server
CAC
2
IPTV Channel Change
Channel request Multicast CAC
Routers
Broadcast Source RTE
Request Denied/ Accepted
Available Bandwidth Check
Video on Demand
Unicast CAC
Policy Server Session request
Against a DiffServ prioritized % of link bandwidths

VoD Servers
Routers
RSVP-CAC
VoD Request
Request Denied/ Accepted
45
Its about avoiding Congestion Packet Loss

Forward Error Correction for video

Pro-MPEG Forums Code of Practice #3 (CoP3)
Completed mid 2004, passed to Video Services Forum Standardized by TC-N26 as SMPTE 2022-1 in March 2007
Simple Parity-based FEC scheme Relies on simple block XOR () operations

1D or 2D interleaved codes tunable specific sizes Non-compatible extension of IETF RFC 2733 FEC scheme
Stream partitioned into sequential source blocks

Each block is a set of original data packets protected by FEC FEC adds additional redundant packets to source block
Protection period (block size)

Determines encoding/decoding latency and protection window
Protection amount (# redundant symbols / # source symbols)

Determines % FEC overhead
www.videoservicesforum.org
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Systematic Erasure FEC correcting packet loss

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CoP3 FEC 1D or 2D Code Construction

L columns + if 2D: Source block composed
0 6
D rows
1 7
2 8
3 9
F0 F1 F2 F3
10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
XOR operations
F4 F5
Optional row repair packets
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
Column repair (parity) packets
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of L x D source packets numbered in sending order L x D 100 1 L 20 4 D 20 Each repair packet is the XOR of the packets in a column (and optionally row) Maximum 20 rows implies minimum FEC overhead of 5% for 1D Maximum 100 packets per source block implies minimum FEC overhead of 20% for 2D (10 x 10 block)
2D gives more protection but at higher overhead

Example of 2D FEC Packet Recovery

6x6 data matrix with 9 data packets lost and 1 FEC packet lost
0 6 12 18 24 30
FEC0
1 7 13 19 25 31
FEC1
2 8 14 20 26 32
FEC2
3 9 15 21 27 33
FEC3
4 10 16 22 28 34
FEC4
5 11 17 23 29 35
FEC5
FEC0 FEC1
FEC3 FEC4 FEC5
The 9 missing data packets are successfully recovered !!!

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Similar to solving a Sudoku puzzle

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CoP3 FEC Sensitivity to Loss Patterns

0 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 5 F0 F1 F2
Example CoP3 code
2D XOR(L,D) = 2D XOR(6,6) Source block size = 36 packets 2D code needs 12 repair packets (33% FEC overhead)
10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
F3 Undecodable pattern F4 F5
All repair packets received, but 4 lost source packets (only 8.3% loss)
Decoding fails
By contrast, Digital Fountain Raptor 10 is not affected by specific packet loss patterns
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Low probability if already low packet loss

Digital Fountain Raptor Codes

Raptor uses XOR operations but generates each encoded repair symbol independently
Recovery requires slightly greater than number of source symbols independent of loss. No loss pattern dependency.
encoding process
Approaches theoretical performance bound for FEC codes

Linear-time encoding/decoding, Raptor is a rateless fountain code Maximizes packet loss protection, delivered reliability Minimizes required processing and memory resources Minimizes bandwidth overhead and network deployment costs
Adopted and standardized as a mandatory component of DVB-H and 3GPPs Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
Protecting IP-based services over GSM-based 3G cellular networks
But a patented and licensed FEC implementation

50
www.digitalfountain.com
Raptor 10 is also a Systematic Erasure code

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DVB-IPIs Hybrid FEC Scheme for IPTV

(40%)
Minimum FEC overhead required
(COP3 = SMPTE 2022-1) (Raptor = Digital Fountain Raptor 10)
COP3 insufficient
Region where optional DF Raptor FEC may be added Region where only COP3 used
Packet loss rate

51
(log scale)
Leveraging best features of COP3 & DF FECs

Retransmission on Access Networks

Error rates on DSL access links are high enough to worry about
Cant easily achieve less than one video glitch per 2 hour movie
Bulk L1/L2 FEC (Forward Error Correction) not an attractive option

Eats bandwidth (usable ADSL2+ capacity can drop from 28 to 18 mbps) Introduces significant delays for other traffic (e.g. VoIP)
Application layer FEC also has constant bandwidth overhead and is hard to tune for both BER and burst or congestive losses
DSL errors tend to group into 8 ms outages Due to link layer Reed Solomon FEC failures
Re-transmission on access is attractive since RTTs are short

Optimal use of bandwidth, only use bandwidth when correcting errors
Good news!
There is an excellent standard scheme for doing this with RTP
You just have to read between the lines
52
Another way to solve the packet loss problem

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26
Visual Quality Experience Technology

A Cisco-defined technology to do:
Real-time video error repair
Initially via re-transmissions In the future including FEC
Plus scalable, standard-based Rapid Channel Change

Maximize QoE
Video Quality Diagnostics

RTCP aggregation
Set Top Box
Components consists of:

VQE-S server side VQE-C client side for STBs (open sourced) Phase 1: CDE110 Network Appliance Phase 2: Integrated into Cisco 7600 Edge Router
Based on IETF RFCs:

2250, 3350, 3551, 4585, 4588, and draft-ietf-avt-rtcpssm-14
53
VQE intends to do for networked video what Dolby did for stereo
Protecting IPTV Quality of Experience (QoE)

Retransmission Protocol Mechanics

STB gets nervous after noticing (optional) FEC is over-run
STB sends RTCP NAK to feedback target with bitmap of missing packets
Details of operation
RTCP Summary
SSM Distributio n Source
Feedback target pulls missing packets out of the cache and retransmits them
Retransmission is on a separate unicast RTP repair session (or multicast session if sufficient collated error reports)
RTP Multicast Stream
Cache
RTCP NAK (45, 46, 50)
STB
RTP Receiver Code
Reception stats of each STB are sent periodically in RTCP Receiver Reports (RR) to feedback address
To monitor end-to-end QoE
RTP Retrans (45) RTP Retrans (46)
Jitter Buffer
Feedback targets send summary reports to distribution source

Provides both fine-grained and aggregated reception quality data
VQE-S
at edge
(SSM Feedback Target)
RTP Retrans (50)
MPEG Decoder RTCP RR (lost 3 packets)
54
Distance to VQE-S determines jitter buffer reqs.

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Rapid Channel Change (RCC)

Access Net
Existing Multicast Stream IGMP Leave VQE Signaling
V Q E
Prime Decoder & Report Burst Shape IGMP Join

Access Net
Buffer fill
S T B
Time
New Multicast Stream STB Merges the Unicast/Multicast Streams and Discards the Duplicates
Unicast Stream Multicast Stream Control Messages
Channel Change completed in < 1 second

Works with both MPEG-2 & MPEG-4 AVC video streams
Standards Based RCC using standard Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) Just like error repair (which it effectively is)
55
Fast Fills IP-STB buffer from VQE Cache

Emerging IPTV Standards

ITU-T, ATIS-IIF, DVB, ETSI,
The nicest thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from.
Andres S. Tannenbaum
56
1/18/2008
28
IPTV Operators Quest for Standards

Standards enable Service Providers to:
Deliver a common experience to any consumers preferred device Use any access technology, wired or wireless, fixed or mobile Leverage best-of-breed components Take advantage of increased common manufacturing volumes Spend less time on integration and N x M interoperability testing Avoid specific vendor lock-in Define & satisfy regulatory requirements Deploy proven, scalable, & reliable solutions
57
Proprietary Solutions No Longer Sufficient

DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting

260+ Member Organizations from 35 Countries
www.dvb.org Content providers, Consumer electronics, Broadcast hardware, software, networking & silicon vendors, Service providers, Network operators, Regulatory bodies & other SDOs
Issues standards via European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Steering Group sets overall direction, IPR Module sets IPR policy, Commercial Module sets requirements, Technical Module fulfills them
IPTV-related Working Groups:

CM-AVC Audio-Visual Coding CM-CP Copy Protection CM-IPTV IP Television CM-HE Head-ends CM-MHP Set Top Box CM-PVR PVR Standards CM-SEC Security TM-S2 2nd gen DVB-Satellite TM-SSP Hybrid devices
58
TM-AVC Audio-Visual Coding VIDEO over IP TM-CBMS Mobile TV TM-CPT Copy Protection Technologies TM-CSA Common Scrambling Algorithm TM-GBS Generic Data Broadcast & SI TM-HEAD DVB Simulcrypt TM-IPI IP Infrastructure TM-MG Measurement Group TM-TAM MHP Technical Aspects TM-H DVB-T changes for Mobile DVB-H
Long established European Digital Video SDO

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29
DVB-IPI Standard (ETSI TS 102 034 v1.3.1)

Committee Subgroups: AL-FEC/Reliability Home Networking Service Discovery & Selection Remote Management Content Downloading Content Protection Browser Based Control MHP IPTV client Hybrid (broadcast+IPTV) Defines: Metadata, Profiles Video over IP Architecture Transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP IP Address allocation, QoS support Network Time Services Network Provisioning & Identification Service Discovery & Selection Broadband Content Guide RTSP client for broadcast & On-Demand Ethernet & IEEE 1394 Home Networks
59
Specification Structure:
Transport of DVB services over IP networks

ATIS IPTV Interoperability Forum

Formed June 2005 to work on IPTV standards ATIS-IIF Task Forces:
1) Architecture 2) QoS Metrics 3) Digital Rights Management 4) Testing and Interoperability 5) Metadata and Transaction Data
www.atis.org/iif
North American Telco-driven (some international)

5 operators: AT&T, BT, Qwest, Rogers, Verizon (IIF chair), 44 vendors: Adtran, Alcatel-Lucent, Amdocs, Cisco/SA, Digital Fountain,
Ericsson, Harris, Hitachi, HP, Huawei, Intel, Irdeto, JDSU, Juniper, LG, Microsoft, Motorola, Nagra, NDS, Nielsen Media, Nortel, Philips, Sony, Sun, Symmetricom, Tandberg, Tektronix, Telchemy, Telcordia, Thomson, Verimatrix, Widevine, etc.
60
Building upon existing standards (e.g. DVB)

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30
Current ATIS-IIF Specifications

Number Title Date 05/01/07 05/16/06 08/28/06 12/22/06 01/11/07 02/16/07 04/11/07 08/13/07 01/04/08 ATIS-0800001.v2 IPTV DRM Interoperability Requirements ATIS-0800002 ATIS-0800003 ATIS-0800004 ATIS-0800005 ATIS-0800006 ATIS-0800007 ATIS-0800008 ATIS-0800011 IPTV Architecture Requirements IPTV Architecture Roadmap IPTV QoS Framework Document IPTV Packet Loss Issue Report IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (IDSA) IPTV High Level Architecture QoS Metrics for Linear Broadcast IPTV QoS Metrics for Public Services
Plus ~34 working text specifications in progress

61
Next meeting Myrtle Beach, SC on Feb 5-8, 2008

International Telecommunications Union

Worlds oldest International Organization
Established in 1865, at level of United Nations, was CCITT Worlds top Telecommunications Standards Organization ITU-T = Telecommunications Sector (wired)
www.itu.int
ITU-T Study Groups related to IPTV:

4: Telecommunication Management 5: EMI, EMC, & Environment Protection 9: Cable Networks, TV & Sound Transmission 11: Signalling Requirements and Protocols 12: Quality of Service and Performance 13: Next Generation Networks (NGN) Parent SG for IPTV FG 15: Optical and other Access and Transport Networks 16: Multimedia Terminals, Systems, and Applications 17: Security, Languages and Telecom Software 19: Mobile Telecommunications (lead Study Groups underlined)
Mr. Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary Initiating TSB Director
Mr. Malcom Johnson Current TSB Director
62
International Forum aligning IPTV Standards

1/18/2008
31
ITU-T IPTV Focus Group

IPTV Focus Group Background
Setup in April 2006 in response to demand for global IPTV standards Global industry support (China, Korea, Japan, USA, EU, SPs & vendors) Everything is public at web site: www.itu.int/ITU-T/IPTV
Charter & Goals

Identify IPTV scenarios, requirements, and framework architecture Review and do gap analysis of existing & ongoing IPTV standards efforts Build on existing standards, Encourage interoperability with them
Meetings
Seven meetings held: July 2006 in Geneva, Oct 2006 in Busan Korea, Jan 2007 in Mountain View California, May 2007 in Bled Slovenia, July 2007 in Geneva, Oct 2007 in Tokyo Japan, Dec 2007 in Malta
Status: Work Completed Transitioning to: IPTV-GSI

IPTV JCA (www.itu.int/itu-t/jca/iptv) allocating output to Study Groups Transitioning to IPTV Global Standards Initiative (www.itu.int/itu-t/gsi/iptv)
63
First IPTV-GSI meeting Jan 15-22, 2008 in Seoul Korea

ITU-T IPTV FG Working Groups

WG1 - Architecture and Requirements
Scenarios; Requirements; Service definitions; Architecture Relationships with other services and networks
WG2 - QoS and Performance Aspects

QoS/QoE; Performance; Traffic management
WG3 - Service Security and Contents Protection

Digital Rights Mgmt, Security, Authentication, Authorization
WG4 - IPTV Network Control

Protocols, naming, addressing, identification, multicast control
WG5 - End Systems & Interoperability Aspects

Consumer domain, End Terminals, Home networking, Remote mgmt
WG6 - Middleware, Application & Content Platforms

EPG, Channel processing, Middleware, Audio and Video coding Metadata, Content discovery, Multimedia application platforms, APIs
64
100s of experts from over 25 nations participated

1/18/2008
32
ITU-T IPTV Focus Group Output

WG1 WG1 WG1 WG1 WG2 WG2 WG2 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG4 WG4 WG5 WG5 WG6 WG6 WG6 WG6 WG6 PLEN FG IPTV-DOC-0147 FG IPTV-DOC-0181 FG IPTV-DOC-0182 FG IPTV-DOC-0183 FG IPTV-DOC-0184 FG IPTV-DOC-0185 FG IPTV-DOC-0186 FG IPTV-DOC-0187 FG IPTV-DOC-0188 FG IPTV-DOC-0189 FG IPTV-DOC-0190 FG IPTV-DOC-0191 FG IPTV-DOC-0192 FG IPTV-DOC-0193 FG IPTV-DOC-0194 FG IPTV-DOC-0195 FG IPTV-DOC-0196 FG IPTV-DOC-0197 FG IPTV-DOC-0198 FG IPTV-DOC-0199
66 pages 82 pages 36 pages 6 pages 34 pages 19 pages 17 pages 37 pages 54 pages 38 pages 50 pages 11 pages 39 pages 64 pages 21 pages 62 pages 14 pages 20 pages 23 pages 15 pages
IPTV Service Requirements IPTV Architecture Service Scenarios for IPTV Gap Analysis Quality of Experience requirements for IPTV Traffic management mechanism in support of IPTV Application layer error recovery mechanisms for IPTV Performance monitoring for IPTV IPTV security aspects IPTV network control aspects IPTV multicast frameworks IPTV related protocols Aspects of IPTV end system Terminal device Aspects of home network supporting IPTV services IPTV Middleware, Applications, and Content Platforms Toolbox for Content Coding IPTV Middleware IPTV Metadata Standards for IPTV Multimedia Application Platforms IPTV vocabulary of terms
Total 708 pages 43 MB in size Built upon existing proven standards and consensus Common world IPTV standards A work in progress
Developed over 20 months at 7 meetings from 1130 contributions and 120 liaisons
65
Posted at: http://www.itu.int/md/T05-FG.IPTV-071211-DOC/en

Other IPTV-related Standards Organizations
66
It seems every SDO wants to be part of IPTV

1/18/2008
33
In Conclusion:
IPTV
What does it really mean?
It means: - Television you fully control - Any content, any time, any place - Television that can take you anywhere - Unlimited visual interactive applications - New storytelling possibilities - The Next Generation of Television
SMPTE and VSF 2008 Joint Conference
February 10 13 in Houston Texas To register visit us at www.smpte.org

Early-bird rate for registration through 01/18/2007
1/18/2008
34
SMPTE PDA Now Next Month

Thursday February 14, 2008 - 1:00 PM 2:00 PM Eastern
Transitioning to Tapeless Digital Media: What to Expect - Lessons Learned from Those Who Made The Change
Register now at www.smpte.org
Select the Education tab at the top
Thank you to our SMPTE PDA Now Premium Sponsors for their generous support
1/18/2008
35
Thank you!
Thanks to our Speaker and to you for your support of SMPTE and SMPTE PDA Now!
71
1/18/2008
36

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SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

SMPTE PDA Now

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Our Speaker Today

Questions & Answers break after each section

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Telcos entering TV services market

Video still delivers high revenue per subscriber

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Top 10 Telco IPTV deployments today

Europe and Asia are clearly leading in IPTV

Cable MSOs are embracing IP Video

Looking to leverage advantages of IP as well

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Many Internet Video Competitors Emerging

Offering direct Over-the-Top Video Services

Service Provider IPTV

It normally includes support for:

SP provides content aggregation and delivery

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Promise of a New Television Experience

Enabled by Integration of Video delivery with IP

Trends Driving IPTV Adoption

Improved codec, access, server, & CPE technology

Greater competition among service providers

Video is driving next generation SP network design

IPTV is experiencing the Perfect Storm

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Panasonic 150 Plasma HDTV (11 x 6.25)

4K Digital Cinema Resolution (4096 x 2160 = 8.84 Mpixels)

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture

Video Headend Building Blocks

Acquiring, Processing, and Transmitting Video

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Comcast has delivered over 5 Billion VOD streams

TWCs Start Over Service Findings

Service offered free to digital subscribers within selected markets

More than 70% of customers used Start Over each month

Easy-to-Use, Very Popular, Reduced Churn

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Video-on-Demand Architecture Evolution

Distribution Hub or VCO

Storage costs became excessive

High bandwidth & QoS requirements High Cost & Complexity

EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access

Video Pump + Storage

EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access

Universal Edge Universal Edge Universal Edge

Automatic Intelligent Content Propagation Predictive & On-Demand

Separate Scalable Connected Video Pump via Resources standard IP networking

Through an Intelligent Network Edge

Cisco CDS is an example of Cache-based design

Need for Advanced Advertising

New approaches to advertising:

Changing Ads from Interruptions to Information

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

Advertising Technology Evolution

Emerging XML-based standard SCTE 130 (DVS-629) components:

Typically a statistical multiplexer Replacement of 1-800 generic network ad

ANSI/SCTE 30, 35, & 67 DPI standards