1.

Narrative Text
Definition Narrative is a description of event. Purpose Amuse the reader and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Deal with problematic events, which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution. Generic Structure Orientation: sets of scene and introduces the participants Complication: a crisis a rises Resolution: the crisis is resolved Language Feature 1. Using Past Tense 2. Using action verb 3. Arranging Chronologically Tenses 1. Use of nouns to describe the particular people, animals, and things that the story is about 2. Use of adjectives to build non groups to describe the people, animals, and things in the story 3. Use of conjunctions to sequence events 4. Use of past tense

Example Ali Baba Once upon a time there were 40 cruel thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a cave. They went in the cave by saying Open Sesame to the cave entrance. A poor person, named Ali Baba saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went toward the cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich. Ali Baba turned into the richest man in his village. His evil brother was really jealous of him, and wanted to know how he could get such a lot of money. Therefore, when Ali Baba went to the cave again to take some more money, his brother followed him. He saw everything, and decided to go back the next day to take some money for himself. The next morning he found a lot of money in the cave, and he wanted to take all of them. Unfortunately, when he was busy carrying the money to his house, the thieves came. The boss of the thieves asked him how he knew about the cave. He told everything, but unluckily they killed him and went to Ali Babas house. After finding Ali Babas house, they made a plan to kill him the following night. Some of the thieves hid in big jars, and the boss pretended that he was a merchant who wanted to sell the jars to Ali Baba. Ali Baba who was a kind man invited the boss of the thief to have lunch together. After lunch they took a rest. Luckily, the house maid went out of the house, and found that there were thieves inside the jars. She finally boiled hot oil and poured it into the jars to kill all of them. The boss of the thieves was caught, and put into prison. Ali Baba was saved from the danger, and he finally lived happily ever after with his maid who became his wife shortly after.

2. Explanation Text
Definition Explanation is the text which functions to tell how or why things occur. Purpose

to explain/ state the phenomenon that you are going to explain (social and natural phenomenon). tell the sequence of explanations. conclude what you have explained.

Generic Structure

A general statement to position the reader. A sequence explanation of why or how something occurs. Closing.

Language Feature

Focus on generic, non-human participations The use of general and abstract nouns. The use of action verbs. The use of simple present tense. The use of passive voice. The use of conjunctions of time and clause. The use of noun phrase or the use of complex sentence. The use of technical language.

Tenses Simple present tense

Example The Effects of Acid Soil Soils with a pH of less than 7.0 are acid. The lower the pH, the more acid the soil. When soil pH falls below 5.5, plant growth is affected. Crop yields decrease, reducing productivity Soils provide water and nutrients for plant growth and development. Essential plant nutrients include phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and sulfur. Plants require other elements such as molybdenum, in smaller quantities. Some elements e.g. aluminium and manganese, are toxic to plants. Nutrients become available to plants when they are dissolved in water. Plants are able to take up phosphate, nitrate, potassium and sulfate ions in solution. The solubility of nitients changes with pH. In acid soils (low pH), molybdenum becomes less soluble and aluminium becomes more soluble. Therefore, plant growth may be affected by either a deficiency of molybdenum or too much aluminium. Both crop and pasture plants are affected by acid soils. there may be a range of symptoms. Crops and pastures may be poorly established resulting in patchy and uneven growth. Plant leaves may go yellow and die at the tips. The root system of the plant may be stunted. Crops may yield less. Plants vary in their sensitivity to low pH. Canola and lucerne are very sensitive to acid soils so do not grow well. Lupins and triticale are tolerant to soils of low pH so they still perform well. Land can become unproductive if acid soil is left untreated. Incorporating lime into the soil raises the pH. Therefore, liming soil can reverse the effects of acid soil on plants and return a paddock to productivity.

3. Discussion Text
Definition Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. Purpose The purpose of a discussion text is to present arguments and information from differing viewpoints. Generic Structure Statement of the issue, often plus a preview of the main arguments Arguments for, plus supporting evidence (alternatively, argument/counter argument one point at a time) Arguments against, plus supportive evidence (alternatively, argument/counter argument one point at a time) Recommendation- summary and conclusion

Language Feature

written in simple present tense focused mainly on generic human (or non-human) participants using uncountable

nouns, for example, some, most, category nouns, e.g. vehicles, pollution (nominalisation), power (abstract)

constructed using logical, connectives, for example, therefore, however a movement usually from the generic to the specific: hunters' agree Mr. Smith, who

has hunted for many years Tenses Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.

Example The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956. Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make. It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium. It produces small amount of waste. It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident. People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

KIND OF TEXTS NARRATIVE, EXPLANATION, DISCUSSION

By:
Lulus Indra Sepsio XII IPA 2/ 08

DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MALANG SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 4

OCTOBER 2010