FIRST AID AND TRANSFER

OF FRACTURE LIMBS
• Fractures
-open type
-closed type
-greenstick
• Dislocations
• Soft tissue injury
-Sprain
-Strain
-Rupture
-Deep bruising
Magnitude of force is large
Age of the victim is above 60 yrs. (male&
female)
Middle aged females
Children
Known cases of osteoporosis, bone cysts,
congenital bone abnormalities.
• History of the injury -blow or fall etc.
-Compare with other limb
-Snap sound of broken bone or ligament
-Sharp pain of muscle tear
-Difficulty in moving limb
-Pain worsened by movement whether severe pain or
tenderness
-Distortion, swelling & bruising
-Crepitus
-Shortening, twisting or abnormal bending
- check for any vascular or nerve injuries.
• Femur, pelvis, ribs,
• Hypovolemic- internal bleeding
- Rapid pulse initially then disappearance
- Shallow breathing,altered sensorium
- Sweating, cold clammy skin
Do’s…..
- Head low, raise legs (do not attempt in LL fractures)
- Loosen constricting clothing
- Intra venous fluids.
- Prevent oral feeds.
• Clean wound with saline and solution
• Cover the wound with sterile gauze (larger than
wound)
• Build up padding with non fluffy material (gauze
pad )
• Bandage firmly (do not occlude blood flow)
• Immobilise
• Prevent oral feeds
• Provide TT injection, pain relief and antibiotic
(optional)
• Ask to keep still
• Immobilise
• For upper limbs- support arm against trunk
with sling
• For lower limbs- bind one leg to another or
to a firm support like wooden stick etc.
• Prevent oral feeds.
• Periodically check circulation beyond
bandages
• RICE treatment
• Rest
• Ice / cold compress
• Compress injury with
bandage
• Elevate
• The casualty will
support injured hand
at elbow with head
tilted on the injured
site.
• Support arm in
elevation sling
• Secure arm to chest
• In dislocation the • In fractures around
shoulder will have a elbow , try placing a
flat, angular look. arm sling.
• Place a arm sling. • Check radial pulse, if
not present then
angle it so that it
appears then place
sling.
• For stiff elbow lay the
patient flat and bind
hand to trunk
• Support the injured • Immobilise and
arm elevate hand.
• Place arm sling or • Place elevation sling.
improvised arm slings • For fingers, can place
localised support
ARM SLING
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• Make patient lie down.
• Examine for signs of shock
• Try traction to limb to straighten it (utmost care
needed, do not do if extreme pain present)
• Splint patients injured leg to uninjured one and
place bandages at level of hip, thigh, knees,leg
and feet.(wooden stick etc.. Can also be used.)
• Avoid bandaging over site of injury.
• Avoid feeds
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• Do not try to • FOOT:
straighten the limb. • Raise and support
• Place it in most foot .
comfortable position • Ice pack
for patient. • While transporting
• Provide support under foot should remain
the knee. elevated.
• place soft bandages
between the knee.
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