UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA COLLEGE OF LAW, GOVERNMENT & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES SEMESTER 1, 2011/2012 COURSE CODE COURSE TITTLE

LECTURER : GLUP 4053 :LAW OF EVIDENCE 1 :MR.ASHOKUMAR ASSIGNMENT (15 MARKS) QUESTION 1 a) Describe the term Legal Burden and Evidential Burden.

b) State when the accused has the legal burden in criminal cases.

c) State when the defendant has the Legal burden in civil cases.

INTRODUCTION PART A: Describe the term Legal Burden and Evidential Burden. *give definition of the term legal burden and evidential burden + if possible state (brief example of situation) SECTION 101 EVIDENCE ACT He who desires a judgments He who asserts must prove it. SECTION 101(2) EVIDENCE ACT Where the person is bound to prove the existence balance of probabilities lies on him SECTION 102 EVIDENCE ACT Balance of probabilities lies on person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on either side.

NOTE: - pandai2 la buat intro yang mantap & menarik untuk bagi reader terpaut meneruskan pembacaan tentang topic assignment kita nie. - on the provisions part (please elaborate the sections + jgn tiru sejibik ayat dalam evidence act)

PART B : State when the accused has the legal burden in criminal cases. CRIMINAL CASES Burden of proof (BOP) Standard of prove

GENERAL RULE: accused only has evidential burden burden to cast a doubt

EXCEPTIONS: EXCEPTIONS

1) Proving particular facts SECTION 103 EA + ILLUSTRATION B = Alibi

2) Proving a defence SECTION 105 EA

3) Especially within knowledge SECTION 106 EA

CASE: Ku Lip See v PP - The burden is on the defendant to prove that he was elsewhere at the time Bare denial is different with Alibi - Eg: I didnt do it = Bare denial I was elsewhere at the time = Alibi CASE: Vasan Singh - Differentiate between bare denial & alibi - Bare denial = no alibi - Section 402 A CPC : must give written notice to DPP two days before trial CASE: Chin Kem Lim & Hussain Bin Silit - Procedure not followed = FATAL

EXCEPTIONS
1. ACCUSED ALLEGING ALIBI Accused alleging alibi

CASE: Jayasena Privy Council referred to the word proved in Section 3 & said accused has a legal burden to proof alibi standard : BOP CASE: PP v Yuvaraj 1969 2 MLJ 89 Accused has legal burden. Standard balance of probabilities. (when the act is clear, you must follow strictly) I. II. Follow legal burden The burden is only on you when you say you werent at there that day

IN CONTRAST (oppose the above arguments based on cases) CASE: Yau/you Heng Fang/Feng Supreme Court CASE: Illian v PP Supreme Court CASE: Arumugam A/L Muthiyah High Court decides that the accused only has evidential burden to proof alibi. Eg: just adduce some evidence of alibi to cast a doubt. CASE: PP v Yuramy When act is clear to follow

1. Support & Burden Arguments (A higher burden) CASE: PP v Yuvaraj Jayasena 1) When act is clear, just follow it 2) Accused is not merely denying but alleging he has elsewhere 3) Yau Heng & Illian Per Incuriam never consider SECTION 103 *xberapa jelas principle nie+ tgok betul2 principle dalam full case nie* Eg: to prove the alibi for example bring the person to be a witness for the said time to court.

2. Support Evidential burden Alibi may affect the elements of prosecution case. So, act should not have legal burden. Eg: just give a receipt showing he was not there.

2. PROVING A DEFENCE (SECTION 105 EA)- ONLY FOR CRIMINAL CASES CASE: Ikau Anak Mail v PP Provocation - Held: to prove a statutory defence accused has legal burden CASE: R v Chanderasekara - Legal burden to prove provocation CASE: PP v KENNETH FOOK MUN LEE - Legal burden to proof insanity CASE: PP v LEE POH CHYE & ANOR - Legal burden to proof private defence *standard : Balance of probabilities

3. ESPECIALLY WITHIN KNOWLEDGE (SECTION 106 EA)

Kalau within pengetahuan kita, so kita kena proof Eg: I have a weapon. So you have a burden to prove that you have possessed the valid licence for weapon You have the knowledge, so you are bound to prove. CASE: PP v Lim Kwai Thean - Held: the words especially does not mean solely or exclusively within the knowledge of the accused. CASE: Lee Chin Hock v PP - Held: Statute any person who without lawful excuse has in his possession any documents or publication, the possession of which is prohibited. Applying Section 106 accused has burden of proving lawfully excuse. CASE: PP v Hoo Chee Keong

where it is impossible or at least disproportionately difficult for the prosecution to establish facts which are especially within the knowledge of the accused and which he could prove without difficulty or inconvenience

CIVIL CASES
Balance of probabilities Plaintiff (Legal Burden) Standard of proof Balance of probability Defendant has evidential burden only EXCEPTIONS

SECTION 103 OF EVIDENCE ACT To proof a particular fact 1) Contributory negligence 2) Volenti Non Fit Injuria (Agree to the risk) Eg: Fraud, Forgery - When a person says that you have done fraud, the burden is on you!

SECTION 106 EVIDENCE ACT Facts within knowledge Res Ipsa Loquitor CASE: Jaafar Shari v Tan Lip Eng CASE: Maclyde v Wong Ah Mei 1) Plaintiff must proof the thing was in the exclusive control of the defendant 2) It wont happen in absence of negligence CASE: Jaafar Shari v Tan Lip Eng - The person dies already, while he was waiting, the person who crashed the deceased said he was in Australia. Because he didnt attend, he was 100% guilty because he didnt rebut. He never challenged.

CRIMINAL ALLEGATION IN CIVIL CASES (tambahan part c) *types of criminal allegation in civil cases *samaada criminal allegation dalam kes civil guna standard balance of probabilities of beyond reasonable doubt. TYPES : FRAUD CASE: ANG HOK SENG V YIM YUT KIV (FEDERAL COURT) - where allegation of fraud in civil proceedings concerns criminal fraud such as conspiring to defraud, misappropriation of money, CBT (standard : beyond reasonable doubt) - However if civil fraud & not an criminal offence or conduct: standard-balance of probability

CASE: Official Assignee of the estate of Koh Gong Hee Cabankru v Koh Thong Chuan & Anor. - High Court- Held that allegation of fraudulent conveyance on laws of bankruptcy-civil fraud CASE: Yong Tim v Hoo Kok Chong (Federal Court) - Held: standard of proof for fraud in civil proceeding is beyond reasonable doubt.

TYPES: FORGERY CASE CASE: U AB v Tai Soon Heng - HELD: allegation that the bank honoured a forged cheque. It was a Balance of probabilities CASE: Boonsom Bonyanit (FEDERAL COURT) -balance of prob. CASE: Blyth v Blyth -cruelty, adultery, matrimonial proceedings-balance of probabilities * In civil cases, it is regarding, the person who alleged must prove that (fraud) BRD *FRAUD: anything to deceive/ cheat a person (BRD) - standard is higher (BRD) CONCLUSION AKHIR SEKALI

INSTRUCTIONS TO MEMBERS OF THE GROUPS

INI ADALAH GUIDELINES DARI MR.ASHOK KUMAR (SO BASICALLY THIS IS THE ANSWER THAT HE LOOKING FOOR) MINTAK KORANG CARI FULL CASE & ADD CASE BERKAITAN (BAGI MANA2 PART YANG MELIBATKAN KES)..CITATION CARI DALAM REFERENCE BOOK. REFERENCE UTAMA IALAH BUKU AUGUSTINE PAUL (TOLONG BACA DAHULU BAHAN UTAMA DAN BAHAN TAMBAHAN SUPAYA KORANG DAPAT GAMBARAN JELAS + BILA GAMBARAN NIE DAH BERMAIN2 DALAM KEPALA N DAH BERLEGAR MINTAK DILEPASKAN BARU KORANG START BUAT ASSIGNMENT ) JUST NAK INGATKAN TOLONG JANGAN COPY SEJIBIK DARI BUKU (APPLICABLE TO PROVISION JUGAK) (INCASE ITU PERLU) MINTAK BUAT FOOTNOTE *QUOTATION DARI BUKU MANA HANTAR ASSIGNMENT SEKALI DENGAN FOOT NOTE MANA2 PART YANG RASA ADA COMMENT SENDIRIAN BERHAD SILA NYATAKAN.

(CRUCIAL @ INSTRUCTION SGT2 PENTING!)

MINTAK SEMUA ORANG BUAT COMMENT & SUGGESTION APA2 & LETAKKAN DI AKHIR SEKALI.COMMENT DAN SUGGESTION INI AKU SENDIRI AKAN EDIT DAN BUAT & ATTACH SEKALI DALAM ASSIGNMENT (SO WE ALL MUST ASSUME HIGH DEGREE OF RESPONSIBILITY SECARA KOLEKTIF SEPERMANA YANG KITA TAHU PART COMMENTARY N SUGGESTION ADALAH PALIN SUSAH DAN SINCE MR ASHOK ADALAH LEGAL PRACTITIONER SO DIA AKAN LEBIH TENGOK PART COMMENTARY N SUGGESTION) DEADLINE SUBMISSION OF EACH PART (8 NOVEMBER 2011)(BERSAMAAN HARI SELASA- 12 ZULHIJJAH)- AKU BAGI PELUANG KORANG RAYA HAJI DULU..HEEEE

AKHIR KATA..APA YANG PENTINGGG KERJASAMA..AKU HARAP KITA BOLEH BUAT TERBAIK (AMARAN KERAS: KITA XNAK MERANA SEBAB CARRY MARK SIKIT-SAJE NAK TAKUTKAN..HEEE) SELAMAT BERCUTI! SELAMAT HARI RAYA QORBAN!

WITH LOTS OF LOVE, Ekin kasim ragu