4.

7 MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS

1. Find the voltage VX by: (a) Node Analysis; (b) Mesh Analysis.
10 30
10 1 30 2  VX 
 VX  10 V 2A 20 20
10 V 2A 20 20 i1 i2

i3

(a) Node Analysis: VX  V1  V2 (b) Messh Analysis: VX  i1  i3 30 

Node 1: Mesh 1: i1  2

10  V1 V1  V2
 2   0 Mesh 2:
10 30
i2 40   i3 20   i1 20   0
4V1  V2  90 Eq. 1
2 i1  4 i2  2 i3  0
Node 2:
i1  2 i2  i3  0
V2  V1 V2 V
  2  0
30 20 20
2 i2  i3  2 Eq. 2
2V1  8V2  0
Mesh 3:
V1  4V2  0
i3 60   i1 30   i2 20   10
V1  4 V2 Eq. 2
3 i1  2 i 2  6 i3  1
Solving Equations (1) and (2) for V1 and V2 respectively,
2 i2  6 i3  5 Eq. 3
V1  24 V
Subtracting Equation (3) from Equation (2) gives
V2  6V
 5 i3  7
Thus,
7
i3     1.4 A
VX  24  6  18 V 5

Thus, VX  2  1.430  18 V
2. Using mesh analysis, find the voltage gain Av  V2 in the circuit shown. Ans. : Av   0.04
V 1

0.25

1 1 0.25
I2 2
 
V1 0.50 VX 2VX V2 0.25
I1  I3 

Messh Analysis: (Considering Clockwise Mesh Currents I1, I2, and I3)

VX  I1  I 2 0.50 ; V2  I 3 0.25 Pre-multiplying Eq. (3) by 1.5, and adding Eq. 2:

Mesh 1: 1.5I1  1.875 I 2  0.75 I 3  0

 1.5 I 1  2 I2  0.25 I 3  0
I1 1.5  I 2 0.50  V1
0.125 I 2  0.5 I 3  0
1.5 I1  0.50 I 2  V1 Eq. 1
0.5 I 3
Mesh 2: I2     4 I3
0.125
 I1 0.50   I 2 1.0  I 3 0.25  2VX
From Eq. (3)
 0.5 I1  I 2  0.25 I 3  2 I1  I 2 0.50   I1  I 2
I1  1.25  4 I 3   0.5 I 3  0

 1.5 I1  2 I 2  0.25 I 3  0 Eq. 2

I1   5.5 I 3

Mesh 3:
Thus, from Eq. (1)
 I 2 0.25  I 3 0.50    2VX
V1  1.5  5.5 I 3   0.50  4 I 3 
 0.25 I 2  0.5 I 3   2 I1  I 2 0.50    I1  I 2
V1   6.25 I 3
I1  1.25 I 2  0.5 I 3  0 Eq. 3
Hence: 0.25 I 3
Av    0.04
 6.25 I 3
3. Determine the node voltage Va for the circuit shown. Ans. : V a  7V

i
100  1 2
 8V
10 V 30 mA
Va 100  100 

Node 1:

V1 10  V1 Also: V1  V2  8 Subst. to Eq. 1

  i
100 100
In Eq. (1):
V1  10  V1  100 i
2 V2  8  100 i  10
2V1  100 i  10 Eq. 1
2V2  16  100 i  10
Node 2:
2V2  100 i   6 Eq. 3
V2
  i  30 x10  3
100 Solving Equations (2) and (3) for V1 and V2 respectively,

V2   100 i  3 V2  1 V

V2  100 i  3 Eq. 2 Thus, V1  Va  7V

4. Solve the load current (IL) through the 2-Ohm load resistor considering the simultaneous sources by: (a) node analysis; (b)
mesh analysis.
4A
4A

1 1 I1
2
3 1 1
1
1 2 3
i
5A 2
10 V IL 10 V 5A I3 2
I2

(a) Node Analysis:

(b) Messh Analysis:
Node 1:
Mesh 1: I1  4 Eq. 1
V1  V2
 i  4
1 Mesh 2:
V1  V2  i  4 Eq. 1 I 2 1  I1 1  10  V2

Node 2: I 2  I1  10  V2 Eq. 2

V2  V1 V2  V3 Mesh 3:
  5
1 1
I 3 3  I1 1   V2
2V2  V1  V3  5
3 I 3  I1   V2 Eq. 3
 V1  2V2  V3  5 Eq. 2
Also,
Node 3:
I2  I3  5 Eq. 4
V3  V2 V3
  4
1 2 Substituting Eq. (1) in Eq. (2): In Eq. (2)
V2  1.5V3  4 Eq. 3
I 2  4  10  V2
Since V1 = 10 V, by substitution in Eq. (1),
I2  14  V2 Eq. 5
10  V2  i  4

V2  14  i Subst. to Eq. 2 From Eq. (3)

V2  I1  3 I 3 Subst. to Eq. 5

In Eq. (2):

 10   2 14  i   V3  5 In Eq. (5)

I2  14  I1  3 I 3 Subst. to Eq. 4

18  2 i  V3  5

In Eq. (4)
 2 i  V3   23
14  4  3 I 3  I 3  5
V3  23  2 i Subst. to Eq. 3
Thus, 13
I3  IL   3.25 A
In Eq. (3): 4

 14  i  1.523  2 i  4

i  8.25 A

so, V3  23  2 8.25  6.5 V

Thus: V3 6.5
IL    3.25 A
2 2
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4.7: PROBLEMS:

1. Determine the voltage Va for the circuit shown using mesh analysis. Ans. : V a  7V

i
100  1 2
 8V
10 V 30 mA
Va 100  100 


2. Using node analysis, find the voltage gain Av  V2 in the circuit shown. Ans. : Av   0.04
V 1

0.25

1 1 0.25
I2 2
 
V1 0.50 VX 2VX V2 0.25
I1  I3 