Stringer bracing

Design of stringer bracing & connection The distance between verticals of stringer bracing is 1.5 2.0 m (so the diagonal is inclined at nearly 45 o)
Dl. of stringer Bracing Vl. of stringer Bracing X.G.
S=4.5-6.0m

M.G.

Important: So the shape of stringer bracing is as shown (according to spacing between X-G "S".
S=3-4m S=6.0-8.0m

X.G.

X.G.

M.G. S=3-4m 2 spacings

M.G. S=4.5-6.0m 3 spacings

M.G. S=6.0-8.0m 4 spacings

The design of stringer bracing means design of both vertical and diagonal. The normal force on stringer and X.G. due to truss action is neglected.

a) Design of diagonal: The diagonal is designed as single angle subjected to tension & compression NOTE: For bracing members in bridges, the maximum allowable stresses shall not exceed 0.85 of the allowable stresses specified in this code if the bridge has not been considered as a space structure (E C P 8)

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X.G.

Stringer bracing
Force in the diagonal is calculated as following: The load of lateral shock is taken constant & equals to 6t.
S=3-4m

Force = Assume =

3 4 4 .5 or or sin sin sin

110*10

Lin = Lout = L (diagonal )

140 (ECP 51, Bridge Bracing)

l = ------------- 140 rv

Check Stresses as compression member

Force 7500 = -------- *0.85 *0.6 2 Ag

Note: 0.85 For (E C P 8) 0.6 for unsymmetrical

Check stresses as tension member (assume d = 24 mm) A1 = (a) t (No reduction for area due to presence of H.S.B.) R.F =
3 A1 3 A1 + A2

A2 = (a t) t Anet = A1 + A2 * (R.F.)

T = 0.58*Fy *0.85 Anet

Check deflection:

l l = = .......... 40( ECP146) d a

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Stringer bracing
b) Design of vertical member: Use channel [ 180

Det"B"

Det"A"

D iagonal

s tr

e ing

channel U nequal angel D etail "A "

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Stringer bracing

str

e ng i

channel

Detail "B"
The statical system of the channel and the stringer is as shown:

6t C.L. of stringer C.L. of stringer

Stringer

Stringer

Channel

C.L. of channel

The lateral shock "6t" affected at the top of the rail. The load of lateral shock is transmitted to upper flange of stringer. If we take the effect of sleeper, so there is 3t on each flange. If we didn't consider the effect of sleeper, so there is 6t on one flange.

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Stringer bracing
0.1*h = 6.0 8.0 1.0 0.5*[ = 9.0 S.I.B. 600 L 80x80x8 G.Pl. 10mm

[ 180

cross section of the stringer

6t e 6t Critical

3t e

3t 6t

6t 6e 6e 6t C.L. of channel -6t C.L. of channel 6t

3t 3e

3t 6t 3e

OR

3t -3t

3t

Subjected to normal force and bending: M=6e OR M=3e, N =6 t N = 3 t

0.1hstr 8 1 9

Angle 80*8

It has to be designed as beam-column

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Stringer bracing
e = 0.1h stringer + 8 cm (connecting angle) + 1 cm (gusset plate) +
1 * 18 cm (channel) 2

The system is prevented from sway

Design as beam-Column:

f ca f + bx * A1 = -------- < 0.85 Fc Fbcx

fca = =
N 6 = A A

(0.85 used for E C P 8)

"A" is the area of channel 180 [Always l = 180 cm]

l 180 = ------------- 140 ry ry

2

FC = (1.6 8.5 *10-5

)
2

E C P 15 E C P 15 If
100

Or 2.1 13.5 * 10 -5 Or
7500 2

if

> 100 Fbcx = 0.58 Fy channel (not compact)

Fbcx: = Check compactness

= 1.6 (steel 44) or 2.1 (steel 52) fbx = If

M Sx

Sx of channel 180 If

f ca 0.15 A1 =1.0 Fc
C mx 1.0 f ca 1 FEX

f ca 0.15 Fc

A1 =

(Note: If A1 < 1.0, so take A1 = 1.0)

Cmx = 0.6-0.4

M smaller > 0.4 M bigger

ECP 26

M smaller = zero (neglecting effect of sleeper) or +1(taking effect of M bigger

sleeper)

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Stringer bracing
FEX =
7500 2 x

Where

180 rx

Design of Stringer connection: 1- Connection between diagonal and gusset plate: grade 10.9 N= assume M24

Force Ps

where PS = 5.55

(E C P 106)

Bridges steel 44, case I (ECP 106)

Use 2 bolts minimum

2- Connection between stringer web and channel: The connection is subjected to Shear and Torsion Q=6t Mt = "M" used to design channel = 6 e Rshear =
6 = 1.5 t 4

Get r 2 = ( x 2 + y 2 ) Rx =

Mt

r2

Ry=

Mt

r2

RH =RShear + RX Rv = Ry RT= Rh 2 + Rv 2 Ps

For case if stringer is over X.G.: The stringer may be added over X.G. if it is required. (Important)

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Stringer bracing

C.L. of stringer

C.L. of channel

Stringer

Stringer

Channel

X.G. 6t
X.G.

3t

C.L. of stringer

3t

6t 6e 6(h-e) 3t
The moment is 6e + 3 (hstringer - e) In which e = 0.1hstringer + 8 + 1 + 9 The normal is 3t only

6t 6(h-e) 3t 3t -3t 3t

Side sway permitted Cmx=0.85

Solved Example: Design both the diagonal and vertical members of stringer bracing twice if the spacing between X. girders = 6 m and divided to 3 equal distance. The stringer is IPE 600 a- If the stringer is flushed with X.G. b- If the stringer is over X.G.

Solution: Force = 4.0 t F=

4 =6t sin 42

= tan

-1

1.8 2 = 42

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Stringer bracing
= 1.8 2 + 4 = 2.69 m Try single angle 110*10
=
f c

269 = 124.6 < 140 2.16

Fc =

7500 * 0.6 *0.85 = 0.25 t / cm 2 124.6 2

6 =0.28 t / cm 2 >0.25 t / cm 2 21.2

Try single angle 120*12 and recheck Check Tension stresses: Assume M 24 A1 = (12)1.2 = 14.4 cm2 RF = A2 = (12 -1.2)*1.2 = 12.96 cm2

3 * 14.4 = 0.77 3 * 14.4 + 12.96 6 = 0.25< 1.4*0.85 = 1.19 t / cm 2 24.38 l 269 = =22.4 < 40 d 12

Anet = 14.4 + 0.77*12.96 = 24.38 cm2 Fact =

Check deflection:

Design of member B: [180 hstringer = 60 cm

6t 6e 6e C.L. of channel 6t

6t C.L. of channel -6t

e = 0.1*60 + 8 + 1 + 9 = 24cm M = 6 * 24 = 144 cm Fca = N = 6t

6 = 0.21 t / cm2 28 180 = 26 6.95 y = 180 = 89.1 2.02

x =

Fc = 1.6 8.5*10-5 (89.1)2 = 0.92 t / cm2

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Stringer bracing
f ca 0.21 = = 0.23 > 0.15 FC 0.92
Cmx = 0.6-0.4 FEX =

7500 26 2

= 11.1 t / cm2
Cb = 0.6

M smaller M bigger

M smaller =zero M bigger

taken =1

A1 =

0 .6 = 0.61 0.21 1 11.1

Fbx =

144 = 0.96 t / cm2 150

0.21 0.96 + * 1 = 0.83 < 0.85 0.92 1.6

Design of connection: 1 Design of connection between angle and plate n=

6 (force in diagonal) = 1.08t 5.55

Taken 2 bolts

2 Design of connection between unequal angle and channel Use emin =1.5 d = 3.6 cm Pmin = 3 d = 7.2 cm P+2e = 2P = 6*2.4=14.4cm < h 2tf ie 100*150 in

The unequal angle must be sufficient to take the 2 bolts) this case

r
R=

= 4(3.6 2 + 3.6 2) = 103.68 cm2

6 = 1.5 t 4

Rx =

144 *3.6 = 5 t 103.68

Ry =

144 *3.6 = 5 t 103.68

h-2t f

Rx = 5 + 1.5 = 6.5

Ry = 5

R = 5 2 + 6.5 2 = 8.2 t > 5.55t

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Stringer bracing
Use M27 and check height of channel 2*3*2.7 = 16.2cm > h 2tf Use channel 200 for connection and recheck connection. Or use 6 bolts but the angle width must be enough. 3*(3*2.4) = 21.6 cm > 20 cm The width of the angle 200 is not enough

If the stringer is over X.G.:

6t 144 108 252 3t

e = 0.1*60 + 8 + 1 + 9 = 24cm M1 = 6 * 24 = 144 cmt Mtotal = 108+144 = 252cmt Fca =

6t -3t 3t 3t 3t

h-e = 60-24 = 36cm

M2 = 3 * 36 = 108 cmt N = 3t

3 = 0.11 t / cm2 28 180 = 26 6.95 y = 180 = 89.1 2.02

x =

Fc = 1.6 8.5*10-5 (89.1)2 = 0.92 t / cm2

f ca 0.11 = = 0.12 < 0.15 FC 0.92

0.11 1.68 *1 = 1.17 > 0.85 + 0.92 1.6

A1 =1

fbx =

252 = 1.68 t / cm2 150

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Stringer bracing
Use channel 200 and recheck Fca =

3 = 0.09 t / cm2 32.2 180 = 23.4 7.7 y = 180 = 84.1 2.14

x =

Fc = 1.6 8.5*10-5 (84.1)2 = 1.0 t / cm2

f ca 0.09 = = 0.09 < 0.15 FC 1.0

0.09 1.32 *1 = 0.91 > 0.85 + 1.0 1.6

A1 =1

fbx =

252 = 1.32 t / cm2 191

Use channel 220 and recheck

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Stringer bracing

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Stringer bracing

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Stringer bracing

Df

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Stringer bracing

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Stringer bracing

yutuiy

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