Statistical Calculations Using Calculators

The general procedures in statistical calculations are as follows:

(1) Enter Stat mode of the calculators.
(2) Select the type of statistical calculations (single-variable or paired variable).
(3) Turn on FREQ column in Stat Editor, if required.
(4) Input the data.
(5) Exit the Stat Editor by pressing the coloured AC key.
(6) Press SHI FT STAT to select the calculation required.
(a) Casio fx-570ES
1. Press the MODE key. Select 3:STAT.
2. The types of statistical calculations are displayed:
Types Explanation
1: 1-VAR Single-variable (X)
2: A+BX Paired-variable (X,Y). Linear regression Y=A+BX
3: _+CX
2
Paired-variable (X,Y). Quadratic regression Y=A+BX+CX
2

4. ln X Paired-variable (X,Y). Logarithmic regression Y=A+BlnX
5: e^X Paired-variable (X,Y). e exponential regression Y=Ae
BX

6. AB^X Paired-variable (X,Y). ab exponential regression Y=A+B
X

7. AX^B Paired-variable (X,Y). Power regression Y=AX
B

8. 1/X Paired-variable (X,Y). Inverse regression Y=A+B/X
The Stat Editor can display up to
- 80 rows of data, if the FREQ column is not displayed;
- 40 rows when the FREQ column is displayed;
- 40 rows for paired variables X and Y only; and
- 26 rows of data for paired variables (X, Y) and FREQ columns.
We restrict ourselves to Type 1: 1-VAR by pressing 1.
3. We want to display 2-column data input screen : X and FREQ. If it isnt displayed,
turn it on by pressing SHI FT SETUP. Press navigation key key to display the
formats. Choose 4:STAT by pressing 4. The display becomes
Frequency?
1: ON 2:OFF
Press 1 to turn it on.
4. We want to determine the mean of the following data:
x 4 5 7 10 11 15 17
f 3 12 23 10 14 8 2
Under the X column, enter 4 =, 5 =, 7 =, 10 =, 11 =, 15 =, 17 =
Under the FREQ column, enter 3 =, 12 =, 23 =, 10 =, 14 =, 8 =, 2 =
A default value of 1 is automatically alotted to FREQ when a value of X is entered.
5. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT. The display becomes:
1: Type 2: Data
3: Sum 4: Var
5: Distr 6: MinMax
Option 1 is to change the type of statistical calculations, and option 2 is for editing
the input data. Select 6: MinMax. The following options will be displayed:
1: minX 2: maxX
Pressing 1 =will display the minimum value of X: 4.
Pressing 2 =will display the maximum value of X: 17.
6. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Press 3:Sum to display the sum. The following will be displayed:
1: x
2
2: x
Press 2 and followed by =to display the sum of the data values : 641.
7. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 4: Var. The following options will be displayed:
1: n 2: x
3:
x n
o 4:
1 x n
o


Pressing 1 =will display the total number of data: 72.
8. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 4: Var. Select 2: x by pressing 2 =. The mean will be displayed: 8.9028.
9. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 4: Var. Select 3:
x n
o by pressing 3 =.. The population standard deviation
will be displayed: 3.4163.
10. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 4: Var. Select 4:
1 x n
o

by pressing 4 =. The sample standard deviation will
be displayed: 3.4403.
11. Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 5: Distr to perform normal distribution calculation on single-variable data.
The following functions will be displayed:
1: P ( 2: Q (
3: R ( 4: t
These functions P, Q, R take the argument t and determine the probability of
standard normal distribution as illustrated below:

12. Using the values of 8.9028 x= , and 3.4163 o = computed above and are still in
memory, we determine the normalized variate (t) when x =7, and the probability
P(t) at that point.
Press AC to exit from the Stat Editor. Enter 7, then press SHI FT STAT.
Select 5: Distr. Select 4:t by pressing 4 =.
The normalized variate is displayed: 0.557, which is exactly the value calculated
from the formula
7 8.9028
0.557
3.4163
z

= = .
13. Press SHI FT STAT. Select 5: Distr. Select 1:P ( by pressing 1. Press the Ans key
to load the Ans in 12 and close the bracket ), followed by =.
The P(t) value is displayed as : 0.289, i.e. ( 0.557) 0.289 P z< = .
14. Press SHI FT STAT. Select 5: Distr. Select 3:R ( by pressing 3. Key in 0.557, and
close the bracket ), followed by =.
The R(t) value is displayed as : 0.289, i.e. ( 0.557) 0.289 R z> = .
Important: All data input in the Stat Editor will be deleted under the following
circumstances:
- Exit STAT mode.
- Switch between single-variable and paired-variable types.
- Change the Stat format setting by toggling the FREQ display.
Finding Standard Normal Distribution Values
How do we find the probability if we are given the values of and o for
2
~ ( , ) X N o ?
First convert
2
~ ( , ) X N o to ~ (0,1) Z N by evaluating the standardized z score.
Make sure the calculator is in STAT mode. We can enter the STAT mode by pressing the
MODE key and selecting 3:STAT. Press AC to exit.
Example (a): Given ~ (4,9) X N , find ( 2) P X < .
1. Determine the value of z by using
2 4
0.6667
3
X
z

o

= = = .
Hence, ( 2) ( 0.6667) ( 0.6667) P X P z P z < = < = > .
2. Press SHI FT STAT.
Select 5: Distr. Then select 3: R (.
Key in the value 0.6667. Close the bracket ), followed by =. The probability
value is displayed as : 0.2524, i.e. ( 0.6667) 0.2524 P z> = .
Press AC to exit.

or

Select 5: Distr. Then select 1: P (.
Key in the value 0.6667 or press Ans if z is determined earlier in step 1. Close
the bracket ), followed by =. The probability value is displayed as : 0.2524, i.e.
( 0.6667) 0.2524 P z< = .
Press AC to exit.
Example (b): Given ~ (4,9) X N , find ( 8) P X > .
( )
8 4
( 8) 1.3333
3
P X P z P z
| |
> = > = >
|
\ .


1. Press SHI FT STAT. Select 5: Distr. Then select 3: R (.
Key in the value 1.3333. Close the bracket ), followed by =.
The probability value of 0.0912 is displayed, i.e. ( 1.3333) 0.0912 P X > =
Press AC to exit.
Example (c): Given ~ (4,9) X N , find (2 5) P X s s .
( ) ( )
(2 5) ( 2) ( 5)
2 4 5 4
0.6667 0.3333
3 3
P X P X P X
P z P z P z P z
s s = > >
| | | |
= > > = > >
| |
\ . \ .

1. Press SHI FT STAT. Select 5: Distr. Then select 3: R (.
Key in the value 0.6667. Close the bracket ), followed by .
Press SHI FT STAT. Select 5: Distr. Then select 3: R (.
Key in the value 0.3333. Close the bracket ), followed by =. The screen will
display R(0.6667) R(0.3333), and the answer 0.3780, i.e.
( ) ( ) (2 5) 0.6667 0.3333 0.3780 P X z P z s s = > > =
Press AC to exit.
Remark: The calculator provides no way to compute the standardized z scores (i.e. the
percentage points) given the probability value (or area under the normal curve). The
Standard Normal Distribution Table has to be used for this purpose.

Leong Sow Chew
Lecturer
Centre of Foundation Studies,
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Kampar Campus)