Students PRE-TEST POST-TEST DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE^2

1 9 15 -6 36
2 9 10 -1 1
3 5 11 -6 36
4 8 11 -3 9
5 7 12 -5 25
6 6 13 -7 49
7 7 12 -5 25
8 3 13 -10 100
9 9 9 0 0
10 9 15 -6 36
11 8 11 -3 9
12 8 10 -2 4
13 6 13 -7 49
14 9 15 -6 36
15 8 11 -3 9
16 7 13 -6 36
17 8 13 -5 25
18 4 13 -9 81
19 3 14 -11 121
20 7 13 -6 36
21 8 14 -6 36
22 9 14 -5 25
23 9 15 -6 36

SUM 166 290 -124 820

STDV 1.91 1.75 2.62 30.07
MEAN 7.22 12.61 -5.39 35.65
df 78
d-bar -1.57