ABSTRACT

In engineering area, measurement is very important. Therefore, every object are measured by ruler, vernier, micrometer etc. These measurement tools are changeable with regard to measurement objects.

INTRODUCTION
Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc., to a unit of measurement, such as the metre, second or degree Celsius. Measurement tools have an unit but, measurement units are changable standards such as an imperial or metric systems. In this experiment, we are used ruler, vernier, micrometer and electronic comparator. Firstly, ruler is an instrument used in geometry, technical drawing, printing and engineering/building to measure distances and/or to rule straight lines. Strictly speaking, the ruler is essentially a straightedge used to rule lines, but typically the ruler also contains calibrated lines to measure distances.

A variation to the more traditional caliper is the inclusion of a vernier scale; this makes it possible to directly obtain a more precise measurement.Vernier calipers can measure internal dimensions external dimensions using the pictured lower jaws, and depending on the manufacturer, depth measurements by the use of a probe that is attached to the movable head and slides along the centre of the body. This probe is slender and can get into deep grooves that may prove difficult for other measuring tools.The vernier scales may include both metric and inch measurements on the upper and lower part of the scale.

A micrometer generally provides greater precision than a caliper, but can measure a smaller range of lengths. A micrometer is depicted in the drawing below.

Parts of a Micrometer

To use a micrometer, place the part in the opening. Next, turn the thimble until the spindle contacts the work. To apply a consistent pressure to the part, use the ratchet stop. Use the clamp ring to hold the thimble in place while you read the micrometer. To read the micrometer:

Read the exposed number on the barrel. Read the number of divisions past the number. Each division represents 0.5mm. Read the division on the spindle. Electronic comparator is a fine measurement-comparision equipment used for

checking length/diameter of a component using a gauge block as a standard.

PROCEDURE
In this experiment, we are measured the steel rod and we are taken some datas. In process in taking data, firstly, we are measured with ruler which is ruler accuracy is 1 mm and read to length of the rod is 72mm. After that, we are measured with vernier caliper which is accuracy of vernier caliper is 0.05 mm. We measured rod three times. Locations of measurement are from edge of rod, center of rod and other edge of rod. These datas are 72.55mm, 72.65 mm and 72.60mm respectively. After the vernier caliper, we measured with micrometer which is accuracy of micrometer is 0.01 mm. We measured rod three times as vernier caliper. Locations of measurement are from edge of rod, center of rod and other edge of rod. These datas are 72.55 mm, 72.53 mm and 72.54 mm respectively

CONCLUSION
Finally, we measured a steel rod with kinds of measurement tools and we took some datas. Moreover, we learned important of accuracy on the measurement tools. In addition, we are gets an experience about the measurement lab and their properties. There can be some mistakes or experimental errors. Because of, human mistakes, machine errors or apparatus errors are generated during the experiment.