Ocean Wave Energy Rev 0.3 CIAPR 1

University of Puerto Rico Physic & Chemistry Department Arecibo
Ocean Wave Energy Extraction
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Hirohito Torres Daz, PhD,PE Renewable Energy Program UPR-ARECIBO Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de PR Salvador Caro
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31 de mayo de 2011
La nacin que lidere la energa limpia ser la nacin que lidere la economa global
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Barack Obama State of the Union address, 27 de enero de 2010
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC Cl Closed Cycle) dC l )
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
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Research Objectives
h To examine current technology for wave P Electrical , energy extraction and conversion to s e Power rrbased on the o To decide the better option T feasibility of the technology site installation technology, to and budget constrains i h use of current commercial To decide on the ro develop a hybrid applicable to i technology or H y our.economy f ro P
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UNDERSTANDING THE UNITS POWER VS WORK VS.

POWER (POTENCIA) = CAPACITY TO MAKE WORK
POWER HP WATTS KILOWATTS MEGAWATTS UNIT HP W (J/SEC) KW MW SPANISH
CABALLOS DE FUERZA VATIOS KILOVATIOS
WORK (TRABAJO) = POWER X TIME = POTENCIA X TIEMPO

WORK JOULE
BRITISH THERMAL UNIT
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KILOWATTHOUR
A 100 watts light bulb is on for 20 hrs/day , how many KWH does this bulb consume? If the electricity cost is about 20 cents/KWH, what is the bill? Answer: (100 x 20 ) / 1000 = 2 KWH/day Cost = 2 x 0.20 = $ 0.40/day = 0.40 x 30 = $12.00/month
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UNIT J BTU KWH
MEGAVATIOS
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EQUIV.
=746 W = 0.746 KW
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=1000 W =1,000,000 W
SPANISH JULIO BTU KILOVATIOS HORAS
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MILLIONS OF KW-HR/Y O YEAR
15,000.0
20,000.0
25,000.0
30,000.0
10,000.0
5,000.0
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1960-61 1962-63
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1964-65 1966-67 1968-69 1970-71 1972-73 1974-75 1976-77 1978-79 1980-81 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998-99 2 2000-01 2 2002-03 2 2004-05 2 2006-07 2 2008-09 FISCAL YEARS
Consumed Gross Generation
MILLIONS OF KWH GENERATION/CONSUMED IN PUERTO RICO SINCE 1960
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Electricity Energy Consumption Density 2008/2009 D it

Peru Australia Argentina Colombia Brazil
Cou untry
Russia Canada Chile Venezuela V l Mexico Dominican Republic United States
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Jamaica France
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500
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Israel
Puerto Rico 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
MWH/Y-KM2
PREPAsGeneratingSystem g y
Steam Plants (#6 Fired)
Aguirre Units 1&2

Rated: Available: Heat Rate: In Service: 900 MW 900 MW 10.3, 10.2 1971
Costa Sur Units 3,4,5,6

Rated: Available: Heat Rate: In Service: 990 MW 990 MW 11.6, 11.5, 10.7, 10.9 60,62,69,72
Palo Seco Units 1,2,3,4

Rated: Available: Heat Rate: In Service:
Combined Cycle Units (#2 Fired)
Aguirre CC Units 1&2

San Juan Units 5,6

In addition, PREPA has 70 MW of available capacity from 21 hydroelectric units and 9 MW from 7 Diesel Generators
Notes: Red Indicates purchased power. Heat rate in thousand Btu/kWh. 11
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Rated: Available: Heat Rate: In Service:
Combustion Turbines (#2 Fired)
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602 MW 602 MW 10.9, 11.0, --, 10.4 59,67,68
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San Juan 7,8,9,10
Rated: 400 MW Available: 300 MW Heat Rate: 11.2, 11.6, 11.5, 11.6 In Service: 64,65,66
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Coal
Contracted: Available: Heat Rate: In Service:
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454 MW 454 MW 9.8 2002
Guayama (A.E.S)
Comb. Cycle (NG)
Cambalache
247 MW 236 MW 11.6, 11.7, 11.6, 11.7 1997
Mayagez
Peuelas (Ecoelectrica)
Contracted: Available: Heat Rate: In Service: 507 MW 507 MW 7.5 2000
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Energy Generation Capacity by Fuel Type (2008/2009) Total Capacity : 5,490 Megawatts 5 490
COAL 9% HIDRO 2%
NG 9%
DISTILL # 2 26%
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PUERTO RICO DEPENDS IN MORE THAN 98 % ON FOREIGN FOSSIL FUEL !!!!!!!!
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RESIDUAL # 6 54%
CAPACITY VS. ACTUAL ENERGY (ELECTRICITY) DISTRIBUTION

COAL 9% HIDRO 2% DISTILL # 2 26% NG 9%
PR CAPACITY
NG 15%
RESIDUAL #6 54%
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA FOR 2009 (Source EIA)

NUCLEAR 22% RENEWABLE 11% OIL 1%
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HIDRO 1%
COAL 14%
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PR ACTUAL
OIL BASED FUEL 70%
JAPAN'S ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION(EIA-2009)

Hydro Renewable Oil 8% 2% 9% Nuclear 27%
COAL 48%
NG 26%
Coal 28%
NATURAL GAS 18%
What is an Ocean Wave?
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Significant Wave Height & Period
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ro( KW PowerFlux P Fl i H f. ro P
Power = 36 KW/m
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/ metro ) = 0 . 5 H T
2
Example: H = 3 meter, T = 8 seconds p
E Utilization Factor for Wave Energy P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P

The utilization factor for wave power the ratio of yearly energy production to the installed power of the equipment is typically 2 times higher than that of wind/solar power.
Type of T f Renewable Energy Wind Utilization (Hrs U ili i (H per year) 4,380 4 380 % U ili i Utilization Ocean Wave Photovoltaic (Solar) (S l ) 50 % 21 % 2,190 25 % 1,825
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Wave energy offers a large potential resources to be exploited
Total worldwide wave power estimated at 2TW (or 17 500TWh/year) - about 75 % of the current world electricity production Only 500 GW captured with current technology (less than 0.025 %)
E Ocean Energy per KW/m of Wave P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P
Ocean Power Flux
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Wave Technology Types gy yp
Overtopping Attenuator Point Absorber Oscillating Wave Surge Converter (OWSC) Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
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E OVERTOPPING: TAPERED CHANNEL P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P
OVERTOPPING
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E Attenuator Devices: The Pelamis P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P
Attenuator Device: The Wave Pump
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A POINT ABSORBER: A BUOY
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Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Oyster
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Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Oyster
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Wave Surge Converter
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Wave Su ge Co e e a e Surge Converter
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Turbine : Pelton
Wave Surge Converter
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Oscillating Wave Surge Converter SDE Hydraulic Platform
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Wave Start Working Prototype
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WaveRoller Surge Device
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Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Pendulor d l
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OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN
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OSC OSCILLATING WATER CO U G COLUMN
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LIMPET 300 KW IN SPAIN
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Mutriku Breakwater in Spain
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Mutriku Breakwater in Spain p
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OWC Turbine Design
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Capital Cost per Watt

OWC (NEAR-SHORE) $ 3.35/W 500 KW OYSTER $2.62/W (without foundation) $4.62/W (with foundation) 800 KW SDE Hydraulic Platform $ 0 65/W 0.65/W 10 KW WaveRoller Surge Device $ 4 29/W 4.29/W
13 KW
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Pelamis $ 4/W (without mooring) 150 m long, 4.63 m diameter 750 kW
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The Sea organ located in Zadar, Croatia
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REFERENCES
1) http://www.etap.org/E-techDS/PDF/E08-Ocean%20Energy-GS-gct.pdf 2)http://www.weather.gov/forecasts/graphical/sectors/puertoricoMarineLoop. php 3)http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ore/faculty/ertekin/Thesis_Paper_Dissertation/ richard_carter-ms-thesis.pdf 4)http://www.aquamarinepower.com/pub/global/Downloads/The%20construc tion%20of%20Oyster%20%20a%20nearshore%20surging%20wave%20energy%20converter.pdf g g gy p 5) http://www.voithhydro.com/media/HyPower16_S.53.pdf
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FOOD FOR THOUGHT E P

Ref. Thomas Menke, Menke Consulting Inc.
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Ocean Wave Energy Rev 0.3 CIAPR 1

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Ocean Wave Energy Rev 0.3 CIAPR 1

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University of Puerto Rico Physic & Chemistry Department Arecibo

Ocean Wave Energy Extraction

Barack Obama State of the Union address, 27 de enero de 2010

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC Cl Closed Cycle) dC l )

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

UNDERSTANDING THE UNITS POWER VS WORK VS.

CABALLOS DE FUERZA VATIOS KILOVATIOS

WORK (TRABAJO) = POWER X TIME = POTENCIA X TIEMPO

BRITISH THERMAL UNIT

SPANISH JULIO BTU KILOVATIOS HORAS

MILLIONS OF KW-HR/Y O YEAR

MILLIONS OF KWH GENERATION/CONSUMED IN PUERTO RICO SINCE 1960

Electricity Energy Consumption Density 2008/2009 D it

Russia Canada Chile Venezuela V l Mexico Dominican Republic United States

Puerto Rico 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Aguirre Units 1&2

Costa Sur Units 3,4,5,6

Palo Seco Units 1,2,3,4

Combined Cycle Units (#2 Fired)

Aguirre CC Units 1&2

San Juan Units 5,6

Combustion Turbines (#2 Fired)

602 MW 602 MW 10.9, 11.0, --, 10.4 59,67,68

San Juan 7,8,9,10

Comb. Cycle (NG)

PUERTO RICO DEPENDS IN MORE THAN 98 % ON FOREIGN FOSSIL FUEL !!!!!!!!

CAPACITY VS. ACTUAL ENERGY (ELECTRICITY) DISTRIBUTION

ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN THE USA FOR 2009 (Source EIA)

OIL BASED FUEL 70%

JAPAN'S ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION(EIA-2009)

NATURAL GAS 18%

What is an Ocean Wave?

Significant Wave Height & Period

Example: H = 3 meter, T = 8 seconds p

E Utilization Factor for Wave Energy P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P

Wave energy offers a large potential resources to be exploited

E Ocean Energy per KW/m of Wave P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P

Ocean Power Flux

Wave Technology Types gy yp

E OVERTOPPING: TAPERED CHANNEL P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P

E Attenuator Devices: The Pelamis P , D h P , s e rr o T to i h ro i H f. ro P

Attenuator Device: The Wave Pump

A POINT ABSORBER: A BUOY

Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Oyster

Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Oyster

Wave Surge Converter

Wave Su ge Co e e a e Surge Converter

Wave Surge Converter

Oscillating Wave Surge Converter SDE Hydraulic Platform

Wave Start Working Prototype

WaveRoller Surge Device

Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Pendulor d l

OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN

OSC OSCILLATING WATER CO U G COLUMN

LIMPET 300 KW IN SPAIN

Mutriku Breakwater in Spain

Mutriku Breakwater in Spain p

Mutriku Breakwater in Spain p

Mutriku Breakwater in Spain p

OWC Turbine Design

Capital Cost per Watt

Pelamis $ 4/W (without mooring) 150 m long, 4.63 m diameter 750 kW

The Sea organ located in Zadar, Croatia

FOOD FOR THOUGHT E P