CONTENTS

Define management information systems and Information Technology

Types of management information systems Roles of information systems Benefits of MIS to an organization Advantages of Management information systems Disadvantages of Management information systems Use of MIS in commerce and industry Contributions of information technology to society

Define Management information systems: management information systems (MIS) is basically concerned with processing data into information, which is then communicated to various departments in an organization for appropriate decision-making.

Define information technology: information technology is the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store,protect, process,transmit and securely retrieve information.

Types of Management Information Systems:

1. Transaction processing systems: these are used in supermarkets,stores petrol stations, and other similar sale outlets. It is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves data transactions of an enterprise 2. Decision-making support system: this is a support system to enhance decision-making in organizations. Its operates in a less structured MIS environment. It responds to ad hoc instructions since varied needs are to be satisfied, it is more flexible and adaptable and thus recquires more facilities than the standard MIS system. 3. Office automation system: it is designed to support office communication systems. It can be considered as a computer based information system that collects, process, store and transmit document and other from of communication among individual, work group and organizations 4. Executive support system: a software system under control of one of many decision-making that assist in their activity of decision-making by providing an organized set of tools intended to impart structure portions of the decision-making situation and to improve the ultimate effectiveness of the decision outcome

Roles of Information Technology

Accepting instructions receiving information/data processing information/data sending information to devices that display it on a screen or other instruments which in turn control other equipment storing information

Advantages of Management Information Technology (MIS): Reduced operational costs It minimizes information overload MIS change the larger amount of data in to summerized form and thereby avoids the confusion which may arise when managers are flooded with detailed facts MIS assembles, process, stores, retrieve, evaluate and disseminates the information it bring co-ordination- MIS facilitates integration of specialized activities by keeping each department aware of the problem and recquirements of other departments increased revenues and profits

Disadvantages of Management Information Systems (MIS): unemploment - while information technology may have streamlined the business process, it has also created job redundancies. This means that a lot of lower and middle levels jobs have been done away with causing more people to become employed. Lack of job security Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing everyday. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he/she wishes to be job secure Human error can be made in inputting data Lack of Trained personnel to maintain the system possibility of system shutdown

Use of MIS in Commerce and Industry: As as aid to management the conputer allows very large volume of data to be processed very quickly. Thus information can speedily be made available to management, allowing rapid decisions to be made. This helps management to make correct decisions and allows management by exception to occur control by MIS management information systems are use to supervise the operations of controlling devices in large scale continuous production, such as oil, chemical or textile production computer research and design computers can be used by the research and development sector of business to test designs and applications e.g aspects can be altered and the computer can quickly predict the effect of the various alterations computerised information systems this is one of the main use of the computer today e.g airlines use the computer for bookings

Benefits of MIS to an organization: MIS provide a data bank, which is vital to every aspect of the firm's operations It facilitates decision-making and effective communication among the firm's departments Its contributes to productivity in the firm, helping to reduce the cost of production It allows immediate communication throughout the firm

Contributions of Information Technology to society: IT and macro economic management accurate and timely information is recquired on a broad array of variables, including national accounting data, population trends, labour supply and distribution. Not only data must be available and up to date, the capacity must exist for data to be analysed IT and trade The rapidly falling price of computer technologies can allow small and medium sized firms to automate production processes and produce competitively in much smaller volumes than in the past IT and improving governance - it provides the opportunities for improving public sector efficiency and increasing the effectiveness of government e.g It can help to streamline courtroom procedures and improve the administration of justice IT and the field of medicine thought the use of information technology in the field of medicine is also very widespread It can be shown in uses such as bed allocation, drug and equipment inventories, patients' admission information and staff rostering

Acknowlegement This project was completed with the assistance of: The principles of Business 4th edition Text book The principles of Business Essentials The internet My understanding of MIS