Surname

Centre
No.

Initial(s)

Paper Reference

6 7 5 1

Candidate
No.

0 1

Signature

Paper Reference(s)

6751/01

Examiners use only

Edexcel GCE

Team Leaders use only

Salters Horners Physics

Advanced Subsidiary
Unit Test PSA1
Thursday 15 January 2009 Afternoon
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes

Question Leave
Number Blank

1
2
3
4
5

Materials required for examination

Nil

Items included with question papers

Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname and initial(s) and
your signature.
Answer ALL of the questions, writing your answers in this question booklet.
In calculations you should show all the steps in your working, giving your answer at each stage.
Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The mark for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets.
There are six questions in this paper. The total mark for this paper is 60.
The list of data, formulae and relationships is printed at the end of this booklet.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
2009 Edexcel Limited.
Printers Log. No.

H31191A
W850/R6751/57570 6/6/6/2/1

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1.

A physicist on holiday decides to jump from a diving board through a ring floating in a
swimming pool.

Not to scale

8.5 m

2.2 m
ring

pool

He makes calculations to find the speed at which he must jump forward horizontally from
the board. The board is 8.5 m vertically above the surface of the pool.
(a) (i) Show that it takes him about 1.3 s to reach the pool from the diving board.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(ii) State why this time is the same whether he falls vertically into the pool or jumps
forwards horizontally.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(b) His wife also considers making the jump. Her mass is about half of his. Explain why
she would take the same time to reach the pool.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The horizontal distance between the board and the ring is 2.2 m. Calculate the speed
at which either of them would have to jump forwards horizontally from the board to
get through the ring.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Speed = ..................................................
(2)

Q1

(Total 7 marks)

*H31191A0316*

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2.

1814 Joseph von Fraunhofer invents a spectroscope and identifies hundreds of dark lines
in the spectrum of light from the Sun. This becomes known as an absorption spectrum
and the lines are used to identify elements present in the Sun.
1922 Niels Bohr receives the Nobel Prize for Physics for his services in the investigation
of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them after explaining the
formation of atomic spectra in terms of energy levels and photons.
(a) Explain what is meant by an energy level.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Explain what is meant by a photon.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Explain the production of an absorption spectrum in terms of energy levels.

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)

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(d) Explain why only certain lines are seen in an absorption spectrum.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e) Describe the differences in the production and appearance of emission spectra and
absorption spectra.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

Q2

(Total 11 marks)

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3.

A student hears that it is dangerous to carry button cells in a pocket because coins could
create a short circuit, causing large currents and generating high temperatures.
She investigates this by connecting three coins in series with a button cell.

The table gives the manufacturers technical information on the button cell.
Emf

3.0 V

Internal resistance

17

Capacity

0.18 A h

Mass

0.0028 kg

(a) Each coin has a resistance of 6.0 104 across its diameter.
(i) Show that the current in her circuit is about 0.2 A.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Explain why most of the energy is dissipated in the internal resistance of the cell
rather than in the resistance of the coins.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(b) The capacity of the cell is 0.18 A h. This means that a current of 0.18 A could be
supplied for 1 hour before the cell is discharged. Show that the total charge passing
through the cell is about 600 C.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) (i) Calculate the total energy dissipated as the cell discharges through the coins.
Assume that the emf does not change.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ..................................................
(2)
(ii) Calculate the temperature rise this would produce in the cell. Assume that the
materials of the cell have an average specific heat capacity of 1020 J kg1 C1.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Temperature rise = ..................................................
(2)
(iii) Explain why the actual temperature rise is likely to be less than the calculated
value.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)

Q3

(Total 11 marks)

*H31191A0716*

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4.

A farmer wishes to install a wind turbine-generator to provide electrical energy for his
remote farmhouse.
He makes some estimates of his energy requirements for a typical day, and creates the
spreadsheet below.
A
1

appliances

Power
needed (W)

Time

Energy input

Energy input
needed (J)

of use

needed

(hours)

(watt-hours)

4
5

lighting

16

16

256

921600

water pump

36

0.5

18

64800

TV

40

80

288000

computer

48

144

518400

various other things

10

20

72000

518

1864800

10
11

Totals

(a) Explain why a watt-hour is a unit of energy.

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Suggest one reason why the farmer might prefer to use the unit watt-hour for his
calculations of energy, rather than joules.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Explain how the figure in cell E8 is calculated.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(d) The farmer realises that the generating circuit will lose some energy, so he increases
his estimate of his daily need to 650 watt-hours.
Explain one way in which this energy may be lost.
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e) He finds in a catalogue a wind turbine-generator that can supply 50 W. He knows that
the weather conditions where he farms mean that the generator will be able to run on
average for 60% of every day and night.
Show that this generator will be able to supply enough electrical energy for his
needs.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(f) The wind will not always be blowing hard enough to run the generator when he
needs power. At other times the generator will be running when no power is needed.
Suggest one way he could solve this problem.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

Q4

(Total 8 marks)

*H31191A0916*

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5.

A glider is descending at a constant velocity of 31 m s1 at a glide angle to the horizontal.

The forces acting on the glider are lift, drag and weight, as shown in the diagram.
Vertical

L = Lift
D = Drag
W = Weight
= Glide angle

Flight path

Horizontal

W
The following two equations apply to the forces acting on the glider.
L cos + D sin W = 0

(1)

L sin D cos = 0

(2)

(a) State what is represented by:

L cos ...........................................................................................................................
(1)
D cos ..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Use equations (1) and (2) to explain why the glider continues travelling at a constant
velocity.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(c) The weight of the glider is 5800 N. The glide angle is 1.3. Sketch a labelled
vector triangle diagram (NOT TO SCALE) and use it to calculate the value of the drag
force.

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Drag = ........................................................
(3)
(d) The glider is descending vertically at a rate of 0.70 m s1. Calculate the rate at which
gravitational potential energy is being transferred.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Rate of energy transfer = .......................................................
(2)
(e) Despite the decrease in gravitational potential energy there is no increase in kinetic
energy. Explain this in terms of work done during the descent.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

Q5

(Total 11 marks)

*H31191A01116*

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6.

Nanotubes are very thin fibres made from carbon. This question is about an application
in which a length of stretched nanotube has standing waves created along it.
Figure 1

Figure 1 shows four different standing wave patterns on a length of nanotube. The
nanotube is fixed at each end. Ignore the sag of the tube in the middle.
(a) Explain how standing waves form along a length of stretched fibre.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Figure 2 is a copy of one of the four standing wave patterns above.
Figure 2

(i) Mark with an X on Figure 2 the places where the amplitude of oscillation of the
nanotube is zero.
(1)
(ii) What is the name given to the places you have marked X?
................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(c) (i) The length of the stretched nanotube is 1.2 106 m. State the wavelength of the
waves in Figure 2.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The frequency of the waves in Figure 2 is 3.5 107 Hz. Calculate the speed of
the waves.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Speed = .........................................................................
(2)
(iii) The mass of one metre of nanotube is 1.9 1015 kg. Calculate the tension in
the stretched tube.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Tension = ..........................................................................
(2)
(iv) The scientists increase the tension in the nanotube by a factor of 4, to reduce
the sag. State how this would affect the frequency of the waves, assuming the
standing wave pattern remains as in Figure 2.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)

Q6

(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

*H31191A01316*

13

List of data, formulae and relationships

Data
Gravitational constant

6.67 u 1011 N m 2 kg  2

Acceleration of free fall

9.81m s 2

(close to Earths surface)

Gravitational field strength

9.81N kg 1

(close to Earths surface)

Electronic charge

1.60 u 1019 C

me

9.11u 1031 kg

Electronic mass

1eV 1.60 u10 19 J

Electronvolt

mp

1.67 u10 27 kg

Planck constant

6.63 u10 34 J s

Speed of light in a vacuum

c 3.00 u 108 m s 1

Molar gas constant

R 8.31J K 1 mol1

Boltzmann constant

k 1.38 u10 23 J K 1

Proton mass

Permittivity of free space

H0

8.85 u10 12 F m 1

Permeability of free space

P0

4Su 10 7 N A 2

Unit 1
Physics at work, rest and play
Mechanics
Kinematic equations of motion s

ut  12 at 2

v2

u 2  2as

Energy
% efficiency = [useful energy (or power) output/total energy (or power) input] u100%
'E

Heating

mc'T

Quantum Phenomena
Photon model

hf

Waves and Oscillations

14

(T / P )

For waves on a wire or string

For a lens

P 1/ f

*H31191A01416*

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*H31191A01516*

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*H31191A01616*