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39 The following diagram is a model of the

ribonuclease molecule. The structure indicated by
number 1 on the diagram is.
a. a ring
b. a random coil
c. an alpha helix
~ a beta pleated sheet
e. all of the above
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40. Consider a microscope slide with the following cell on it. Assume that the dimensions of the
d rent structures are as follows (the drawing is not exactly to scale. :
0 microns I 0
1
0 U (.) n iY'\
2. 4 microns wide and 3 microns across 1.-f OVO X 50VO Afn
../). 2 microns diameter ..,.. W {) U Y\ fY\.
A. 3 microns long and 0.4 microns across 3 L)t)Q X 4 () tJ Y\ fV\
5. 0.2 microns in diameter 200 V't """'
Which structure(s) would you expect to see if the numerical aperture was 1, and the light was
monochromatic with a wavelength of 500 nm. Note: I micron = I 000 nm .
Glo soo
'
a. I,2,3,4,5
6)1,2,3,4,
c. I,2,3,
d. I,2
e. I
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3 5. Imagine that you have...tb.ree enzymes. (a.) has a Km Q.tQJjJ] Enzyme (b) has a K Qo.lJ
Enzyme (c) has f1J.o) All are i_!lJ!-M If you wanted to conserve
;:::::unt that would stilljjive which would you choose? -
Y.'Enzyme b
c. Enzyme c 1 -
d. Any of them, because Km has nothing 1
e. Can't choose. It depends on the V max
36. The Km of a reaction is all of the following except:
of the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate under some conditions.
vb. >measure of the substrate concentration needed to drive the reaction at half of its maximum rate.
kinetic value that can be determined from Lineweaver-Burk plots of enzyme velocities.
d. the combined result of the rate constants for the forward and back reactions of an enzyme reaction
halfof Vmax
37. One can consider chromatography to result from competition for the sample by two components of
the system. These two are:
.)l0Jravity and the Matrix
XGravity and the Liquid Phase
/;) Liquid phase and the matrix
'c( Liquid phase and the sample
e. Sample and the matrix
38. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS., used in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, has all of the following
properties except:
binds to the backbone of protein molecules.
Jl It breaks hydrogen bonds.
{c) It breaks disulfide bonds.
proteins to unfold into essentially linear molecules.
a charge proportional to the size of the protein to which it binds.
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3I. Which of these amino acids causes a kink in the primary structure of a protein?
a. leucine
b. arginine
c. aspartic acid
()
e. cysteme
32. Let's say that you wanted to investigate the ability of a small protein to recover after it has been
denatured. You denature the protein with urea and beta-mercaptoethanol (bme. , and then try to renature
the protein with the following procedures:
I. remove the urea and leave the bme in the sol.ution.
2. the bme and leave the urea in the solution. ,.--
3. remove both at once.
4. first remove the and then remove the bme. \....A.s-c..r {L .
5. first remove the bme and then remove the urea.
You obtain the following results from your experiment:
Procedure Result
I No activity restored
2 No activity restored
3 No activity restored
4 No activity restored
5 No activitv restored
OMG! Which of the following tentative conclusions would NOT be valid from this experiment?
a. the bme had no effe9t. '
b. the bme was inactive
c_a_.nit- ()the amino acid sequence of the protein was sufficient for it to resume its configuration.
+VU"'<) _-- ' a. disulfide bonds were critical to the activity of the protein.
($) none of the above is valid
33. When an enzyme reaction is proceeding at Vmax, the rate of the reaction is limited by:
a. the number of collisions between enzyme and substrate.
b. the number of substrate molecules in the reaction.
c. the concentration of the substrate.
@the rate at which the enzyme can convert substrate to product.
e. the Km of the enzyme.
34. Which ofthe following is not one ofthe assumptions in the derivation ofKm?
a. The reactioyroceeds through the formation of an intermediate complex between enzyme and
substrate. ../
b. At the start of the reaction, there is no product. V
G) The rate of formation of product equals zero.
d. The enzyme is saturable v-
e. All of the enzyme is either free or associated with the complex. /
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26. Imagine that you have a protein mixture containing two proteins. The first is a monmeric protein,
and the second is a dimer of two identis! subunits. The molecular weight of the first is 40,000, and the
molecular weight of the second is 80,000. g ~
~ , nuo <QU uu U
If you subjected this mixture to separation on Sep aaex of the correct porosity, how many peaks would
you expect to see?
a. I
@2
c. 3
d.4
e. none
27. You now treat the original mixture from the preceding question with SDS and mercaptoethanol, and
rerun the material through the same column. How many bands would you expect to see?
~ b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. none
(JO
4D Y 0
28. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the phase_Qlate in the objective lens of a phase
~ ~ - - - - -
contrast microscope,
a, To increase the brightness of the field of view
b. To decrease the brightness of the field of view
\(2) To increase the phase shift of light that passes through the specimen.
'tf:' To separate the refracted from the unrefracted light.
e. None of the above
29. The area of study that derives from the concept that the organism is sick because its cells are sick is
known as:
a. Epidemiology
@Pathology
c. Physiology
d. Epistemology
e. Cell Biology
30. Which of the following is least soluble in water?
{a.}fatty acids.
;B: glycero-lipids
c. triglycerides
Jkdiglycerides
yglycolipids
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-- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
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21. Which of the following is NOT true for flu<:?rescence microscopy?
ott:' Allows viewing of dynamic activities the cell
b. Certain materials in the specimen absorb LONG wavelengths and emit shorter ones because a
SHORTER wavelength results in a higher resolution
beam of (monochromatic. light is focused on the specimen.
materials absorb invisible UV light and release visible energy
e. All of the above are true.
22. Plasmolysis is caused by:
a. The swelling of a plant cell within its cell wall due to the uptake of water.
(.!} The shrinkage of a plant cell within its cell wall due to the loss of water.
c. The bursting of a plant cell due to activation of lysosomes by the solutes.
d. The enlargement of the plant cell vacuole so that the cytoplasm is pressed against the cell wall.
e. The loss of the cell wall.
23. What does the Langmuir trough measure?
ta.ftrea
b. length
c. velocity
d. volume
e. ion concentration
24. The essential effect of a .!!9n-competitive inhibitor of an enzyme reactipn is:
((a:):o inactivate the enzyme.
inactivate the substrate.
c. to replace the substrate.
d. to bind to the substrate
e. to alter Km
25. Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 98 amino acids. How many
peptide bonds are present in this pr<?tein?
a. 101
b. 100
c.99
d.98
(!Y7
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16. What is the important characteristic of the makes phase contrast
microscopy possible? ,____
have different refractive index, which cause differences in light phase shifting and
),e{h changes.
b. Different materials tum light that pass through it into different color by changing its wavelengths.
/ The specimen has its own 30 shape, which would reflects Itself clearly under the microscope
roifferent proteins absorb the dye differently, which make the contrast under the microscopy clearer.
e. None of the above.
17. Imagine that you have a solution whose matches that of cellular components.
If you prepared a microscope slide with unstained cells and used this solution as a mounting medium,
which cellular structures would you be able to see with a phase contrast microscope?
a. Membranes
b. Vesicles
c. the nucleus
d. a brush border
{) nothing.
18. In what order does the light from a microscope pass through the lenses necessary to create a
magnified, real image of a specimen?
a. objective lens, condenser lens, ocular lens, eye lens
b, condenser lens, objective lens, eye lens, ocular lens
c. objective lens, condenser lens, eye lens, ocular lens
lens, objective lens, ocular lens, eye lens
e. ocular lens, objective lens, condenser lens, eye lens
I 9. The electron microscope has greater resolution than the light microscope because
a. wavelength of electron is equal to that of visible light
@wavelength of electron is smaller than that of visible light'
c. wavelength of electron is greater than that of visible light
d. it does not 'kill' the sample
e. the image is formed by on a fluorescent screen
20. The standard method of examining cells with a microscope requires fixation of cells, often with
aldehydes such as formaldehyde .. What is the effect of fixatism? -
yattachment of fluorescent molecule to a protein of interest that has specific binding capabilities
b. Greater resolution of the image
c. staining of cells so that the organelles are easy to identify
(!}recipitation and cross linking of proteins .
e. removal of lipid components - dJ o.:h l) V')
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I 0. Which of these groups are found in all amino acids?
/ ..,.- ..,.,.. _,.
Amino; a hydrogen and R group
b. R group, a hydrogen and phosphate
c. amino, carbonyl
d. Amino, hydrogen,
e. amino, R group, a hydrogen
11. All of the following are examples of Hydrophobic substances except:



leucine
yrryptophane
cu CIJI\t A..i-
\lOl \ 1\.J.:..; .
\ .eu.tC.. I()..(..,

-tvy
tl}'\...l.Ji1 \ uY\' vQ
cJatvltYL.(_ .
f!.U1tru_
S\Y (:A(\L
12. You are close to developing a novel protein that enhances muscle synthesis in athletes. However,
you need to shorten its structure for better absorption an etter results. You need to take out two
of the amino acids and make the overall protein dro hilic. What two amino acids would
take out to best achieve this needed effect?---
fJOlQY' _
b l Tyrosine .:.fh.Q{ oSL J1-L
_l
_ AAlanine , ( _
and Phenylalanine

13. Molecules, such as fatty acids, that have both hydrophobic and hydrgphilic regions are said to be ....
a. ionic
b. saturated

vamphipathic
e. magnetic
14. Which of the following colored substances could be used as a stain that would yield the best image
of goblet cells when viewed with a microscope?
a. Hematoxylin
X Chlorophyll
c. Green Fluorescent Protein

jY. Hemoglobin
15. The phase contrast microscope does all of the following except:
a. Makes highly transparent objects more visible r
@ Converts differences in refractive index into differences
c. Separates the direct light entering the objective lens from light _.....,.
d. Takes advantage ofthe interference of light----
) All of the above are true
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5. During gel filtration chromatography, a mixture of 3 proteins of similar shape, that are 2SO kDa,
60kDa, and 150kDa are passed through a column of Sephadex G-150 beads. The beads allow entry of
proteins that are about 2QO kDa. In what order, going from left to right, do the proteins filter out of the

z:p,\to,
a. The 250kDa protein first, second the 60kDa protein, and lastly the 150kDa protein.
b. The 60kDa protein first, the 150kDa protein second, and lastly the 250kDa protein.
kJrhe 250kDa protein first, the 150kDa protein second, and lastly the 60kDa protein.
d. The 150kDa protein first, 250kDa protein second, and lastly the 60kDa protein.
e. The 60kDa protein first, the 250KDa protein second, and lastly the 150kDa protein.
6. Which free amino acid has the greatest amount of negative charge at pH 6.2?
a. Arginine with an pi of 10.76 S.t -c:_
b. Serine with an pi of 5.68
--rc)Aspartate with an pi of 2. 77
-"'(( asparagine with an pi of 5.41
e. cysteine with an pi of5.07
s

7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic exploited in separation of materials?
a. Size
b. Shape
(C:}.Reactivity
d. Charge
e. Affinity
8. Dr. Seuss wanted to know the relative sizes of three newly discovered proteins with the same pH and
charge, named Thingl, Thing2, and Thing3. Therefore, he set up a gel filtration column. Thing3 elJ.!ted
first and Thingl and Thing2 came out together next. Can you determine the relative sizes of the proteins,
because Dr. Seuss is very perplexed?
3
/ ( \ -::: '2...")
a. (Thingl=Thing2)>Thing3
b. Depends if the column is right side up or not
tf)Thingl =Thing2)<Thing3
d. Not enough information
e. Thing 1 =Thing2=Thing3
9. Why don't particles of the same charge travel in complete unison during electrophoresis?
_/The electric field strength varies in strength as particles move through a medium.
XThe charge on the molecules changes as they travel through a medium.
(C:The viscosity of the medium affects molecules of different sizes differently, causing different sized
'ii{o}ecules of the same charge to move at different speeds. -
d. This statement is false, molecules of the same charge travel in complete unison together no matter
what the medium is.
e. Molecules of the same charge can not move at all in the same medium, due to the fact that they will be
drawn towards the same electrode and will be unable to move independently.
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I. You wish to purity an enzyme and determine its activity. You know that the protein contains the
amino acid sequence G)y, Trp, Asp, Ser, Lys, Arg. You start with several different samples, and you
discover that each one has a different mutation in the amino acid sequence. You decide to carry on with
the analysis in hopes that one of them will have at least activity. Which of the following five
sequences would you expect to give you the best result?
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a. Gly,Tyr,Asp,Ser,Lys,Arg \
b. Asp, Trp, Asp, Ser, Lys, Arg - S flu.. f
c. Gly, Trp, Asp, Ser, Asp, Arg ..: , -thf"
mu G)_\'(,
d. Gly, Trp, Asp, Thr, Lys, Arg L-e.ut . 'A

2. In Centrifugation, which of the following does not affect the movement of the sample?
a. Size of the object
b. Shape of the object
c. Density of the medium.
d. The charge of the object
G)Density of the object
3. You are trying to improve the separation oftwo proteins that appear simultaneously in the excluded
volu!Jle o( a gel filtration column. Their molecular masses are 1.8 X 1 05 daltons and 2.0 X I 05 daltons.
How can you improve the separation?
Use a gel with smaller pores
Use a gel with larger pores
Reduce the volume of the sample
Decrease the length of the column
Increase the volume of the sample
'::" v, ;. VI,)
vo
4. Which ofthe following is not a determining factor in the relative movement of proteins through a
polyacrylamide gel in PAGE fractionation?
Aharge density
b. shape
/size
,K.'the concentration of acrylamide present in the gel
@he wavelength of light that the protein absorbs
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_. _ __..;
:Cf .Ln hod
bea&t7 lA.r
Biology 3096 First Hour Examination
THIS IS TEST CODE 11
October 4, 2010
Enter your TUID at the upper right of this page.
Return this exam when you are finished
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