Ubuntu Oneric Terminal Komande

Ubuntu:Oneiric
From
Ubn11.10(OneiricOcelo)
AlsoseeinfoaboutthemostrecentLTSversion,LucidLynx(10.04LTS).
Introduction
OnOctober13,2011,Ubuntu(http://www.ubuntu.com/)11.10wasreleased.
ItiscodenamedOneiricOcelotandisthesuccessortoNattyNarwhal11.04(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Natty)(Natty+1).
OneiricOcelotisnotanLTS(LongTermSupport)release.ItwillbesupportedwithsecurityupdatesuntilApril2013.
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Contents
1Ubuntu11.10(OneiricOcelot)
1.1Introduction
1.2GeneralNotes
1.2.1GeneralNotes
1.3Otherversions
1.3.1HowtofindoutwhichversionofUbuntuyou'reusing
1.3.2Howtofindoutwhichkernelyouareusing
1.3.3NewerVersionsofUbuntu
1.3.4OlderVersionsofUbuntu
1.4OtherResources
1.4.1UbuntuResources
1.4.1.1UnityDesktop
1.4.1.2GnomeProject
1.4.1.2GnomeProject
1.4.1.3UbuntuScreenshotsandScreencasts
1.4.1.4NewApplicationsResources
1.4.2Other*buntuguidesandhelpmanuals
2InstallingUbuntu
2.1Hardwarerequirements
2.2FreshInstallation
2.3DualBootingWindowsandUbuntu
2.4InstallingmultipleOSonasinglecomputer
2.5UseStartupManagertochangeGrubsettings
2.6DualBootingMacOSXandUbuntu
2.6.1InstallingMacOSXafterUbuntu
2.6.2InstallingUbuntuafterMacOSX
2.6.3Upgradingfromolderversions
2.6.4Reinstallingapplicationsafterafreshinstallation
2.7AddExtraRepositories
2.7.1TypesofRepositories
2.7.1.1Thirdpartyrepositories
2.7.2AddRepositoriesusingSynapticPackageManager
2.7.3Manuallyaddrepositories
2.7.4Addrepositorykeys
2.8PackageInstallationandUpdates
2.8.1AptandPackageBasics
2.8.1.1Installing.debpackages
2.8.1.2Handling(Tar/GZip)and(Tar/Bzip2)archives
2.8.1.3Installingapackagefromsource
2.8.1.3.1Createa.debpackagefromsourcefiles
2.8.2Aptitude
2.8.3SynapticPackageManager
2.8.4UbuntuSoftwareCenter(Add/RemovePrograms)
2.8.5ManualUpdates
2.8.6AutomatedUpdates
3DesktopAddons
3.1GnomeEyeCandyResources
3.2UbuntuWallpaper
3.3ChangePlymouthSplashScreen
3.4Metacity
3.5CompizFusion
3.5.1FusionIcon
3.5.2RotatetheCompizCube
3.5.3Emerald
3.6GoogleDesktop
3.7gDesklets
3.8Dockapplications
3.8.1AvantWindowNavigator
3.8.2CairoDock
3.8.3GnomeDo
3.8.4wbar
3.8.4.1wbarconf
4Virtualization
4.1VirtualBox
4.1.1ProprietaryversionsofVirtualBox
4.2VMWare
4.2.1VMWarePlayer
4.2.2CreateanUbuntuAppliance
4.2.3VMWareServer
4.2.3.1VMWarePackage
4.2.4KeyboarderrorsinVMwareguest
4.3KVM
4.4Qemu(withoutKVM)
4.5Xen
4.6VirtualMachineManager
4.7CrossoverforLinux
4.8Wine
4.8.1PlayOnLinux
4.8.1.1InternetExplorer7
4.8.2InternetExplorer6&7
4.9TransgamingCedega
4.9TransgamingCedega
4.10Mono
4.10.1Moonlight
4.10.2Java
4.11DosBox
4.12ScummVM
5EdutainmentApplications
5.1GoogleEarth
5.1.1Troubleshooting
5.1.2UninstallGoogleEarth
5.2FBReader(ebookreader)
5.3Calibre(ebookreader)
6Games
6.1WingCommanderPrivateer
6.2Vdrift
6.3Action
6.3.1UrbanTerror
6.3.2Doom
6.3.2.1Skulltag
6.3.2.2PrBoom
6.4MMORPG
6.4.1Spring
6.4.2RegnumOnline
6.4.3PlaneShift
6.5Dolphin(Wiiemulator)
7InternetApplications
7.1WebBrowsers
7.1.1MozillaFirefox
7.1.1.1FirefoxPlugins
7.1.1.1.1AdblockPlusplugin(blockadsinawebpage)
7.1.1.1.2Noscriptplugin(controlsscripts)
7.1.1.1.3RefreshBlockerplugin(preventsredirects)
7.1.1.1.4UserAgentSwitcherpluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.5VideoDownloadHelperpluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.6UnplugDownloadManagement
7.1.1.1.7Lucifox(eBookreaderextension)
7.1.1.1.8JavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE)forFirefoxplugin
7.1.1.1.9AdobeAcrobatReaderforFirefoxPlugin
7.1.1.1.10AdobeFlashPlayerforFirefoxPlugin
7.1.1.1.11GnashPlugin(OpensourceFlashPlayerreplacement)
7.1.1.1.12VLCpluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.13GeckoMediaPlayerPluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.14KaffeinePluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.15HelixplayerpluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.16MoonlightpluginforFirefox
7.1.1.1.17FireFTPforFirefox
7.1.1.1.18FirefoxWidgets
7.1.1.2TurnoffbrowserbardropdownlistinFirefox
7.1.2IceCat
7.1.3SeaMonkey
7.1.4IceApe
7.1.5Opera
7.1.6Chromium
7.1.7GoogleChrome
7.2DownloadManagers
7.2.1MultiGet
7.2.2UsenetClients
7.2.2.1Pan
7.2.2.2Kwooty
7.3EmailClients
7.3.1Evolution
7.3.1.1EvolutionandPGP
7.3.2Thunderbird
7.3.2.1Lightningcalendarextension
7.3.2.2Enigmail
7.3.2.3NewMailIconforThunderbird
7.3.3KMail
7.4Newsreaders
7.4Newsreaders
7.4.1Akregator
7.4.2RSSOwl
7.5InstantMessengers
7.5.1Empathy
7.5.2Pidgin
7.5.3Kopete
7.5.3.1KopeteStyles
7.5.3.2GoogleTalkonKopete
7.5.4Konversation(IRCclient)
7.5.5aMSN
7.5.6Emesene
7.6FTPClients
7.6.1Filezilla
7.7Filesharing/P2P
7.7.1Transmission(BitTorrentClient)
7.7.2KTorrent
7.7.3Azureus
7.7.4QTorrent
7.7.5Apollon(P2PFilesharing)
7.7.6MLDonkey(P2PeMule/eDonkey2000)
7.7.6.1MLDonkeyGUIfrontends
8VideoconferencingandVOIP
8.1Ekiga
8.2Skype
8.2.1HowtoinstallSkypeona64bitsystem
8.2.2InstallingSkyperepository
8.3Wengophone
8.4Gizmo5
8.5AsteriskVOIPPBXsystem
8.5.1Kiax
8.6OpenSIPS/OpenSER(SIPserver)
8.7Webmeetings
8.7.1BigBlueButton
8.7.2WebHuddle
9Privacy
9.1PGP(MessageEncryption)
9.1.1EnigmailwithThunderbird
9.1.2Seahorse
9.2Tor(NetworkPrivacy)
9.2.1Vidalia(Torinterface)
9.2.2Torbutton(Firefoxplugin)
9.3DNSServersandSearchengines
9.4Certificateverification
10ProprietaryExtras
10.1RestrictedExtras
11PhotosandGraphics
11.1GIMP(ImageManipulator)
11.2Dia(Diagrameditor)
11.3Kivio(Diagrameditor)
11.4InkscapeVectorIllustrator
11.5Digikam(PhotoOrganiser)
11.6Fspot(PhotoOrganiser)
11.7GooglePicasa(PhotoOrganiser)
11.8Shotwell(PhotoOrganiser)
11.9Tesseract(OpticalCharacterReader)
11.10Cuneiform(OpticalCharacterReader)
11.10.1YAGF(Cuneiform/TesseractGUI)
11.11Xsane(Scanningutility)
11.12GnomeScan(ScanningUtility)
11.13Gwenview(ImageManipulator)
11.14OpenClipart(ClipArtLibrary)
12ScreencastsandDesktopRecording
12.1FFMPEGwithx11grab
12.2recordMyDesktop(DesktopSessionRecording)
12.2.1UsingrecordMyDesktopwithPulseAudio
12.3Istanbul(DesktopSessionRecording)
12.4xvidcap(DesktopSessionRecording)
12.4xvidcap(DesktopSessionRecording)
12.5WebCamStudio
12.6Wink(PresentationEditor)
12.7Freeseer(Presentationcapture)
12.8ScreencastDemos
12.9rtmpdump(Capturestreamingvideo)
13VideoApplications
13.1OpenShot
13.2PiTiVi(NonlinearVideoEditingSuite)
13.3Avidemux(Videoeditor/processor)
13.4Kino(NonlinearVideoEditingSuite)
13.5KdenLive(NonlinearVideoEditingSuiteforKDE)
13.6Cinelerra(NonlinearVideoEditingSuite)
13.7LiVES(Videoeditor/processor)
13.8OpenMovieEditor
13.9Blender
13.10Stopmotion(Animation)
13.11Animata(Animation)
13.12WebcamApplications
14AudioApplications
14.1Audacity(AudioEditorandRecorder)
14.2Ardour(DigitalAudioWorkstation)
14.3Rosegarden(DigitalAudioWorkstation)
14.4Hydrogen(Drumsynthesizer)
14.5EasyTag(ID3editor)
14.6PuddleTag(ID3editor)
14.7UbuntuStudio(Ubuntudistributioncustomizedformultimediaediting)
15Audio/Videoconversion
15.1FFMPEGvideo/audioconversion
15.1.1FFMPEGGUI
15.1.2Joinvideosegments
15.1.2.1Splitafileintosegments
15.2Mencoder
15.3SaveanystreamingFlashvideo
15.3.1Savertmp/flvstreams
15.4ConvertFlashvideoaudiotomp3
15.52ManDVD
15.6DeVeDe
15.7ManDVD
15.8DVDAuthor
15.8.1QDVDAuthor
15.9ToVid
15.10OtherDVDauthoringprograms
15.11RipperXCDRipper/Encoder
15.12AsunderCDRipper/Encoder
15.13AudexCDRipper/Encoder
15.14Gnac(GNomeAudioConverter)
15.15SOX(encodes/decodesaudio)
16CDsandDVDs
16.1Brasero(CD/DVDburner)
16.2Gnomebaker(CD/DVDburner)
16.3K3b(CD/DVDburner)
16.3.1Normalizeaudiolevels
16.4DVDPlaybackCapability
16.4.1libdvdcss
16.4.2libudf
16.5K9copy(DVDRipper)
16.6Handbrake
16.7dvd::rip
16.8Acidrip
16.9DVDFab(DVDRipper)
17MusicPlayers
17.1Rhythmbox
17.1.1PlayInternetRadiothroughRhythmbox
17.2Amarok
17.2.1Amarokthemes
17.2.2PlayShoutcastInternetRadiothroughAmarok
17.3Audacious
17.3Audacious
17.4BansheeMusicPlayer
17.5ExaileMusicManagerandPlayer
17.6SongbirdMusicPlayer
17.7aTunes
18MultimediaPlayers
18.1MPlayerMultimediaPlayer
18.1.1SMPlayer
18.1.2Dumpavideostreamtodisc
18.2VLCMultimediaPlayer
18.2.1VLCplugins
18.3XineUIMultimediaPlayer
18.4KaffeineVideoPlayer
18.5RealPlayer11MultimediaPlayer
18.6InternetTV
18.6.1MiroPlayer
18.6.2MythTV
18.6.3SopcastInternetTV
18.6.4Zattoo
18.6.5TVTime(TVViewer)
18.6.6ABCiView
18.6.7BBCiPlayer
18.6.7.1get_iplayer(BBCprogramrecording)
18.6.8NetflixAndroidApp
18.6.8.1VirtualAndroidOS
18.6.8.2AndroidSDKemulator
18.7InternetRadio
18.7.1LastFM
18.7.2ShoutcastInternetRadio
18.7.3StreamTunerStreamDirectoryBrowser
18.8MediaCentersandPVR(PersonalVideoRecorder)
18.8.1MythTV
18.8.2Mythbuntu
18.8.3XBMC
18.8.4Boxee
18.8.5Elisa
18.8.6LinuxMCE
18.9MultimediaServers
18.9.1MPDMultimediaPlayingServer
18.9.2TiMidity++MIDISoundServer
18.9.3uShareUPnPA/VMediaServer
19HomeAutomation/HomeTheater/HomeSecurity
19.1CompleteSystems
19.1.1LinuxMCE(MediaCenterEdition)
19.1.2Othersystemsindevelopment
19.2HomeSecurity
19.2.1Zonemindersurveillancesystem
19.2.1.1MythZoneminder
20OfficeSuites
20.1OpenOffice
20.1.1OpenWord2007DocumentsinOpenOffice
20.2LibreOffice
20.3KOffice
20.4AbiWord
20.5Xournal
20.6PDFFiles
20.6.1PrinttoaPDFfile
20.6.2ViewaPDFdocument
20.6.3ScantoaPDFfile
20.6.4PDFShuffler(PDFfilemanagement)
20.6.5MaxView(PDFfilemanagement)
20.6.6PDFedit(PDFfileeditor)
20.6.7ImportPDFfilesintoawordprocessor
20.6.7.1ImportPDFfilesintoOpenOfficeWriter
20.6.7.2ImportPDFfilesintoKWord
20.6.8PDFXChange(PDFfileeditor)
20.7PersonalInformationManagers
20.7.1KontactPersonalInformationManager
20.7.2MozillaSunbird(Calendar)
20.7.3BasKetNotePads
20.7.4Planner(Projectplanning&management)
20.7.5TimeTracker
21Groupware
21.1GroupwareServers
21.1.1Kolab
21.1.1.1KolabUbuntupackage
21.1.1.2ManualKolabinstallation
21.1.2Citadel
21.1.3eGroupware
21.1.4OpenXchange
21.1.5OpenGroupware
21.1.6Zarafa
21.1.7Zimbra
21.1.8SchoolTool
21.1.9SugarCRMCommunityEdition
21.2GroupwareClients
21.2.1EvolutionExchange
21.2.3KDEGroupwareWizard
21.2.4ZimbraDesktop
21.2.5OracleCalendarDesktopClient
21.3GroupCalendars
21.3.1DAViCalCalendarServer
21.3.2DarwinCalendarServer
21.3.3WebCalendar
21.4Mailservers
21.4.1Postfix/Dovecot(MailServer)
21.4.2iRedMail
22FinancialSoftware
22.1KMyMoney(PersonalFinanceManagement)
22.2GnuCash(PersonalFinanceManagement)
22.3Skrooge(PersonalFinanceManagement)
22.4Moneydance(PersonalFinanceManagement)
22.5SQLLedger(EnterpriseFinanceManagement)
22.6LedgerSMB(EnterpriseFinanceManagement)
22.7WebERP(EnterpriseFinanceManagement)
22.8Phreebooks(EnterpriseFinanceManagement)
22.9Quasar(EnterpriseFinanceManagement)
22.10StockMarketmonitoringsoftware
23Wikisoftware
23.1MediaWiki
23.2Twiki
23.3MoinMoin
23.4TiddlyWiki
24WebPublishing
24.1Drupal(Webcontentpublishing)
24.1.1Drupal7
24.1.2Drupal6(Webcontentpublishing)
24.1.2.1Installationquirks
24.1.2.1.1Eximvs.Postfix
24.2WordPress
24.3Joomla(Webcontentpublishing)
24.4Scribus(Desktoppublishing)
24.5Plone(ContentManagementSystem)
24.6Gallery(Photoalbumwebsite)
24.7phpBB(Forums)
25Distanceteaching
25.1Moodle
25.2Claroline
25.3Dokeos
26SoftwareDevelopment
26.1KompozerWebDevelopmentEditor
26.2QuantaPlus(WebIDE)
26.3NetbeansIDE
26.4BlueFishWebDevelopmentEditor
26.4BlueFishWebDevelopmentEditor
26.5Gobby(Multiuserdevelopment)
26.6EclipseIDE
26.7Versioncontrolsoftware
26.8Personalrepositories
26.8.1minidinstall
26.8.2Debarchiver
27Science,Technology,andEngineeringApplications
27.1Healthapplications
27.1.1OpenEMR(ElectronicHealthRecord)
27.1.2VistA(EnterpriseElectronicHealthRecord)
27.2CAD
27.3Mathematicalsolutions
27.3.1Octave
27.3.2Freemat
27.3.3Maxima
27.3.4Mathomatic
27.4AmateurRadioapplications
27.5AmateurElectronics
27.5.1Arduino
27.6LaTeX
27.6.1LyX
27.6.2LaTeXReferenceManagers
28Miscellaneoussoftware(notendorsedbythisguide)
28.1JBidwatcher
29Utilities
29.1ArchivingUtilities
29.1.1ZIP
29.1.1.1FileRoller(ArchivingGUI)
29.1.1.2Xarchiver(ArchivingGUI)
29.1.2BChunk
29.1.3HJSplitFilesJoiner/Splitter
29.1.4Rar
29.1.5Unrar
29.1.67Zip
29.2HardDriveUtilities
29.2.1KDiskFree(Harddrivepropertiesmonitor)
29.3ClockUtilties
29.4Screensavers
29.5PartitionManagers
29.5.1GPartedPartitionManager
30SystemBackupandRecovery
30.1Rsync
30.1.1GRsync
30.2Bacula
30.3SBackup
30.4Keep(BackupandRecovery)
30.5Partimage(Partitionbackup)
30.6cp
30.7dd
30.8FSArchiver(FilesystemArchiver)
31SystemRescueandCloningUtilities
31.1SystemRescueCD
31.2Clonezilla
31.3DiskImagingsoftware
31.4UbuntuCustomizationKit
31.5Remasteringsoftware
31.6RunUbuntuLiveCDfromaUSBpendrive
31.6.1USBCreator
31.6.2CreateabootCDtoallowbootingfromtheUSBdrive
32UserAdministration
32.1UsersandGroups
32.2Timekpr(Parentalcontrols)
32.3Webcontentfiltering
33SystemAdministration
33.1AutomatingTasks
33.2BootMenu
33.2.1LoginMenusettings
33.2.1LoginMenusettings
33.2.2Automatingbootupoptions
33.2.3GRUBbootmanagersettings
33.2.3.1Grub2
33.2.3.1.1Grub2backgroundimage,colors,fonts
33.2.3.1.2ProtectingGrub2fromcracking
33.2.3.2GRUBLegacy
33.2.3.2.1ChainloadingGrub2fromGrubLegacy
33.2.3.2.2ProtectingGrubLegacyfromcracking
33.3DefaultApplications
33.4Killaprocess
33.5EnablingNUMLOCKOnStartup
33.6WorkingwithMenus
33.7Createanencryptedfolder
33.8Createasymlinkfromafiletoanotherlocation
33.9Assignarootpassword
33.10Getarootpromptwithoutusingarootpassword
33.11UsetheFileManagerasroot
33.12ManuallyMountandUnmountadevice
33.13WindowsCompatibility
33.13.1MountingNTFSPartitions(withread/writeprivileges)
33.13.2MountingFAT32Partitions
33.14Synchronizeclocktonetworktimeserver
34Hardware
34.1CPUandmotherboard
34.1.1DisableCPUFrequencyscaling
34.1.2libsensors
34.1.3Sensorsapplet(Motherboardmonitoring)
34.2GraphicsCards
34.2.1FrequencyOutofRange/ChooseNewResolution
34.2.2InstallLatestNvidia/ATIdrivers
34.2.3Intelintegratedgraphicscards
34.2.3.1Intelgraphicsresolutionproblems
34.2.3.2ScreenKeepsFlickering
34.2.4Reconfigurexserverxorg
34.2.4.1xorg.conf
34.2.4.1.1xorg.conffornvidia
34.2.5InstallationofATIandnVidiaGraphicsdrivers
34.2.5.1nVidiaDriver
34.2.5.2ATIDriver
34.3Monitors/Displays
34.3.1Turnoffpowersaving
34.3.2ConfigureDualMonitorswithnVidia
34.4HardDrivesandUSBStorage
34.5OpticalDrives
34.6Printers&Scanners
34.6.1AddaPrinter
34.6.1.1UseCUPSwebinterface
34.6.2Brotherprinters
34.6.3HPPrinters
34.7Sound
34.7.1PulseAudio
34.7.1.1HDMIwithPulseAudio
34.7.1.2RecordingwithPulseAudio
34.7.2AirportExpress
34.7.2.1AirportExpresswithPulseAudio
34.7.2.1.1Troubleshooting
34.7.2.2raopclient(AirportExpressstreaming)
34.7.2.3GSTransmit(AirportExpressstreaming)
34.7.2.4Airfoil(AirportExpressstreaming)
34.8Mice
34.8.1ActivatesidemousebuttonsinFireFox
34.9Touchpad
34.10WacomPenTablets
34.11FingerprintReaders
34.12RemoteControls
34.12.1LIRC(InfraredRemoteControls)
34.12.2Remuco(BluetoothandWiFiRemoteControls)
34.12.2Remuco(BluetoothandWiFiRemoteControls)
34.13Bluetooth
34.13.1WiiMote
34.14USB
34.15WirelessCards
34.15.1AtherosCards
34.15.1.1AtherosAR242x
34.163G
34.16.1he220r1
34.16.2TMobileOption225(Web'N'Walk)Stick
34.16.3VirginHuaweie169
34.16.4EVDOCards
34.16.4.1Sprint
34.16.4.2Verizon
34.16.4.2.1TetheringyourPCtoyourVerizoncellphone
34.17DigitalCameras
34.18WebCams
34.18.1EasyCam
34.18.2iSight
34.18.3Luvcview(USBwebcamviewer)
34.19Netbooks
34.19.1AcerAspireOne
34.20Palm
34.21MobileDevices
34.22GPS
34.23MP3/VideoPlayers
34.23.1SansaFuze
34.23.2MachSpeedTrio
34.23.3SpeechRecognition
35Networking
35.1NetworkManager
35.2WicdNetworkManager
35.3SetastaticIPaddress
35.3.1Manualconfigurationfromthecommandline
35.4Internetconnectionsharing(DHCPserver)
35.4.1UsinganestedwirelessLANrouter
35.4.2NetworkInterfacesBridging
35.5UsingDynamicIPaddressesforawebserver
35.6Filesharing
35.6.1NFS
35.6.2SambaFileSharing
35.6.2.1Sambaclient
35.6.2.2Sambaserver
35.6.2.3ChangeyourWorkgroup
35.6.2.4RecognizingWin98machines
35.6.3IntegratingintoMacOSXNetwork
35.6.4FTPServer
35.6.4.1vsftpd
35.6.4.2proftpd
35.6.5WebDAV
35.7LocalAreaNetwork
35.8Modems/Dialup
35.8.1GnomePPPandwvdial
35.8.2GPPP
36RemoteAccess
36.1SSH
36.1.1ConnecttoaremoteSSHserver
36.1.1.1Fromthecommandlineterminal
36.1.1.2PortforwardingthroughSSH
36.1.2PuTTY
36.1.2.1UsingkeyscreatedbyPuttygeninOpenSSH
36.1.3ConnectusingSSHAgent
36.1.4SetupanSSHserver
36.1.4.1LimitauthorizedSSHusers
36.1.4.2OpenSSHPublicKeyAuthentication
36.1.4.3ConnectwithSSHandstartanapplicationwithasinglecommand
36.1.4.4AutomateSSHconnectionsthatrequireapassword
36.2VNC
36.2VNC
36.2.1VinoRemoteDesktopVNCserver
36.2.1.1HowtosecurelyuseVNCwithSSHtunneling
36.2.2X11VNCServer
36.2.2.1UsingVNCwithSSH
36.2.3VinagreVNCclient
36.2.4TerminalServerClient
36.2.5KrdcVNCclient
36.2.5.1UsingaVNCclientwithSSH
36.2.6XVNC4ViewerVNCClient
36.2.7Automaticuserlogin(forusewithVNC)
36.3FreeNX
36.3.1FreeNXServer
36.3.2FreeNXClient
36.4XDMCP
36.4.1Telnet
36.5VPNclients
36.5.1VPNthroughNetworkManager
36.5.2vpnautoconnect(vpndaemon)
36.5.3OtherVPNclients
36.6VPNservers
36.6.1OpenVPN
36.6.2Poptop(PPTPServer)
36.6.3OpenSwan
37Security
37.1Firewall
37.1.1Firestarter
37.1.1.1Firestarterfailstoopensystemlog
37.1.2Guarddog
37.1.3UncomplicatedFirewall
37.1.3.1Gufw
37.2Antivirus
37.2.1ClamAV
37.2.2AVG
37.2.3Avast
37.3Antispam
37.3.1SpamAssasin
37.4Rootkitcheckers
37.4.1Chkrootkit
37.4.2RootkitHunter
37.4.3Maliciouscommandstoavoid
37.5USBdrives
37.6Preventunauthorizedbootsandsystemaccess
38NetworkMonitors
38.1Netstat
38.2Etherape(Networkmonitoring)
38.3Listopenfiles
38.4Nmap
38.4.1NmapGUI
38.5Nessus
38.6Snort
38.6.1AcidBase
38.7AppArmor
38.7.1DisableAppArmor
38.8SELinux
38.9Knockd(Portsecurity)
39NetworkManagement
39.1Nagios
39.2Munin
39.3CactiMonitoringServer
39.4ClusterSSH
39.5EnterpriseNetworkFirewall
39.5.1IPCop
39.5.2SmoothWall
39.5.3Endian
40LTSP(Thinclientsupport)
40.1LTSPServer
40.2LTSPClient
40.2LTSPClient
40.3iTALC(ThinclientforEducation)
40.4InternetCafesoftware
40.4.1OutKafe
40.4.2OpenKiosk
40.4.3CafePilot
40.4.4Miscellaneoussolutions
40.4.5Pessulus(LockdownEditor)
41Cluster(cloud)computing
41.1Awarningaboutdistributedcomputing
41.2BOINC(BerkeleyOpenInfrastructureforNetworkComputing)
42Servers
42.1UltimateServerWalkthrough
42.2AddadesktoptoanUbuntuServer
42.3LAMPserverinstallation
42.3.1Apache2+MySQL+PHP
42.4Otherservers
42.4.1eBox(serverandnetworkmanager)
42.4.2OpenSSHserver
42.4.3MailServer
42.4.4Bind9(DNSserver)
42.4.5ApacheTomcat(Javaserver)
42.4.6Xenvirtualmachinehost
42.4.7Printserver
42.4.8OpenLDAP
42.4.9Proxyserver
42.4.9.1Squid
42.4.9.2Privoxy
42.4.10ReverseproxyServersandLoadBalancers
42.4.10.1Pound(Reverseproxyandloadbalancer)
42.4.10.2ApacheReverseproxy
42.4.11Controlpanels
43NetworkAttachedServers
43.1FreeNAS
44SetupRAIDinUbuntu/Kubuntu
45Databases
45.1PostgreSQL
45.2MySQL
46Tips&Tricks
46.1RunCommand
46.2TurnoffHotKeys
46.3Associatedefaultapplications
46.4Automaticuserlogin
46.5Autostartaprogramatbootup
46.6ChooseBootup/Startupservices
46.7Runascriptfromamenuitem
46.8SHC(Encryptscripts)
46.9Captureascreenshot
46.10CustomizedesktoptolooklikeKDE
46.11RunaKDE4desktopfromUbuntu
46.12RunaKDE3desktopfromUbuntu
46.13Kill(end)aprocess
46.14Viewhiddenfiles
46.15Mutenotifications(alerts)
46.16Randompasswordgenerator
46.17Passwordcheckerandenforcement
46.18MD5Sum
46.19Filenameswithspaces
46.20Alien
47SoftwareTroubleshooting
47.1Permissionserroronprogramstartup
47.2CDROMTroubleshooting
48Licenses
48.1GPLlicense
48.2LGPLlicense
48.3Apachelicense
48.4BSDlicense
48.5Proprietarylicenses
48.5Proprietarylicenses
49Requests
49.1Importthisguideintoanotherwiki
49.2eBookversionofthisguide
General Notes
General Notes
ThisistheoriginalUbuntuguide.Youarefreetocopythisguidebutnottosellitoranyderivativeofit.Copyrightofthenames
UbuntuguideandUbuntuGuideresidesolelywiththissite.ThisUbuntuhelpguideisneithersoldnordistributedinanyothermedium.
Bewareofcopiesthatareforsaleoraresimilarlynamedtheyareneitherendorsednorsanctionedbythisguide.Ubuntuguideisnot
associatedwithCanonicalLtdnorwithanycommercialenterprise.
UbuntuallowsausertoaccomplishtasksfromeitheramenudrivenGraphicalUserInterface(GUI)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface)orfromatextbasedcommandlineinterface(CLI)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandline_interface).InUbuntu,thecommandlineinterfaceterminaliscalledTerminal,whichis
started:
Menu>File>OpenTerminal
Text 1hs1de the gey dotted box J1ke th1s shouJd be put 1hto the connahd-J1he Ten1haJ.
ManychangestotheoperatingsystemcanonlybedonebyaUserwithAdministrativeprivileges.'sudo'elevatesaUser'sprivilegestothe
Administratorleveltemporarily(i.e.wheninstallingprogramsormakingchangestothesystem).Example:
sudo bash
'gksudo'canbeusedinsteadof'sudo'whenopeningaGraphicalApplicationthroughthe"RunCommand"dialogboxorasamenuitem.
Example:
gksudo ged1t 7etc7apt7souces.J1st
ManyfilemanagementtaskscanbeaccomplishedwithrootAdministrativeprivilegesbystartingtheNautilusfilemanagerina
similarfashion.(Use'gksudo'ifstartingNautilusfromamenuitem.)
gksudo haut1Jus
or
sudo haut1Jus
"man"commandcanbeusedtofindhelpmanualforacommand.Forexample,"mansudo"willdisplaythemanualpageforthe"sudo"
command:
nah sudo
While"aptget"and"aptitude"arefastwaysofinstallingprograms/packages,youcanalsousetheSynapticPackageManager,aGUI
methodforinstallingprograms/packages.Most(butnotall)programs/packagesavailablewithaptgetinstallwillalsobeavailablefromthe
SynapticPackageManager.Inthisguide,whenyousee
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ package
youcansearchforpoc|oqeinSynapticandinstallitthatway.
Manyinstructionsusethetexteditor"nano"(whichisuniversallyavailableinLinux).However,itisofteneasiertousethetexteditor
"gedit"inUbuntuinstead.
"Menu"referstothemenubaratthetop(orbottom)ofthedesktop,akintotheStartmenuinMicrosoftWindowsortheMenubarofthe
"Menu"referstothemenubaratthetop(orbottom)ofthedesktop,akintotheStartmenuinMicrosoftWindowsortheMenubarofthe
AppleMacintosh.
Ifyouareusingthe64bitversion,replaceany"i386"with"amd64"
Other versions
How to find out which version of Ubuntu you're using
Openthecommandterminalandtype:
JsbeJease -a
How to find out which kernel you are using
uhane -a
Newer Versions of Ubuntu
Ubuntuhasasixmonthreleasecycle,withreleasesinAprilandOctober.
PrecisePangolin(12.04LTS)willbereleasedinApril2012andwillbeaLongTermSupportversion
Older Versions of Ubuntu
NattyNarwhal(11.04)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Natty)(supporteduntilOctober2012)
MaverickMeerkat(10.10)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Maverick)(supporteduntilApril2012)
LucidLynx(10.04)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid)(LongTermSupportversionwithdesktopsupportuntilApril2013and
serversupportuntilApril2015)
KarmicKoala(9.10)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Karmic)(nolongersupported)
JauntyJackalope(9.04)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Jaunty)(nolongersupported)
HardyHeron(8.04LTS)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Hardy)(LongTermSupportversionwithdesktopsupportuntilApril2011
andserversupportuntilApril2013)
DapperDrake(6.06LTS)(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu_dapper)(nolongersupported)
Seethiscompletelist(http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Main_Page)ofolderandnewerversions.
Other Resources
UbuntuForums(http://ubuntuforums.org/)hasalargecommunityforonlinesolutionsandspecifichelp.
Ubuntu Resources
Unity Desktop
Unity(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_%28desktop_environment%29)isthedefaultdesktopenvironmentusedinUbuntu.Itiscompatible
withtheGTKplatformusedbyGnome.Itwasdesignedtobeusedfornetbooks,butisdevelopedbyCanonicaltobeusefulonalltypesof
devices.
Gnome Project
Gnome3(http://www.gnome.org/)isanalternativedesktopavailableforUbuntu,andalistofGnomeprojects(http://projects.gnome.org/)is
available.
Installationmethod1(https://launchpad.net/~gnome3team/+archive/gnome3):
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.ghone3-tean7ghone3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get d1st-upgade
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghone-sheJJ
Installationmethod2(https://launchpad.net/~ubuntugnometeam):
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.ubuhtughonetean7ghone3
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.ubuhtughonetean7ppa-geh
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ug-desktop-g3
Ubuntu Screenshots and Screencasts
WhatisUbuntu?(http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu)
Ubuntu11.04UnityDesktop(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMztaKt_1_E)andotherYouTubevideos
(http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ubuntu+11.04&aq=f).
New Applications Resources
GetDeb(http://www.getdeb.net)Featuresthelatestversionsofsoftwareavailablefromtheofficialrepositoriesaswellassoftwarenot
availableintheofficialrepositories.Availableineasytoinstall.debfiles(seeAptandPackageBasics).
Top100OpensourceApplications(http://ubuntulinuxhelp.com/top100ofthebestusefulopensourceapplications/)
LinuxAlternatives(http://www.linuxalt.com/)
Seeourfulllistofaddonapplications.
Other *buntu guides and help manuals
Kubuntuguide(http://www.kubuntuguide.info)KubuntuusesthepopularKDEdesktopenvironment
Lubuntu(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu)Lubuntucanrunwithaslittleas256MbRAM.Itisbetterforoldermachineswithlimited
resources.
officialUbuntuServerGuide(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/index.html)agoodstartingreferenceforserverpackages
UbuntuDoctorsGuild(http://www.ubuntudoctorsguild.org/)acollectionoftipsforusing(K)ubuntuLinuxinhealthcareenvironments
SkoleLinux(http://www.slx.no/en/takeatour)acollectionof(opensource)educationaltoolsforDebian/UbuntuLinux
Installing Ubuntu
Warning:Duringinstallation,thereisanadvancedoption(Readytoinstall>Advanced)toinstalltheGRUB2bootloaderintothesamepartition
intowhichthe(K)UbuntuOSisinstalledbutnottochangetheMBR(MasterBootRecord).Paycarefulattentionduringthisstepifyoursystem
usesabootpartition,usesmultipleOS(morethan2),orchainloadsbootloaders.Forsystemswithsuchabootpartition,itisbestnottooverwrite
theMBR.
Hardware requirements
UbuntuOneiricOcelotrunswellwithaslittleas384MbRAM.(TheGUIinstallerrequiresaminimumof256MbRAM,whilethealternative
textbasedinstallercanrunusingonly192MbRAM.)NetbookscanrunUbuntuOneiricOcelot,whichhasbeenoptimisedforthatplatform.
Theinstallationtakesbetween34Gbharddrivespace,and810Gbwillbeneededtoruncomfortably.
Ifyouhaveanoldercomputerwithlessmemorythanthis,considerLubuntu(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu)(if160MbRAMorgreater),
PuppyLinux(http://www.puppylinux.org/)(if256Mborgreater),orDSL(http://damnsmalllinux.org/)(ifminimalRAM,limitedharddrive
space,runningfromaUSBdrive,orrunningfromwithinanotherOS).
Fresh Installation
DownloadthelatestISOimagefromUbuntu11.04(http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/getubuntu/download).
Seethisguide(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto)forburningtheISOimagetoaCD("LiveCD").
UsetheLiveCDforinstallation.
AnothermethodinvolvesinstallingtheServerversionfirstandtheninstallingtheUbuntudesktop.
TheAlternateCDversion(http://www.ubuntu.com/download/ubuntu/alternativedownload)alsoallowstheuseofthesamefasttextbased
installerusedintheServerversion(requiringlessRAM),andtherearemoreinstallationoptionsthanontheDesktopCD("Regular
Download").
ALiveCDcanalsobetransferredtoaUSBflashdrive(usingusbcreatorgtk)andtheUSBflashdrivethenusedtoinstallUbuntuon
systemswithoutCDdrives.(AlsoseetheUbuntuCommunitydocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick).)
Dual-Booting Windows and Ubuntu
AusermayexperienceproblemsdualbootingUbuntuandWindows.Ingeneral,aWindowsOSshouldbeinstalledfirst,becauseitsbootloader
isveryparticular.AdefaultWindowsinstallationusuallyoccupiestheentireharddrive,sothemainWindowspartitionneedstobeshrunk,
creatingfreespacefortheUbuntupartitions.(Youshouldcleanupunnecessaryfilesanddefragmentthedrivebeforeresizing.)Seechangingthe
creatingfreespacefortheUbuntupartitions.(Youshouldcleanupunnecessaryfilesanddefragmentthedrivebeforeresizing.)Seechangingthe
Windowspartitionsize.
AftershrinkingaWindowspartition,youshouldrebootonceintoWindowspriortoinstallingUbuntuorfurthermanipulatingthepartitions.This
allowstheWindowssystemtoautomaticallyrescanthenewlyresizedpartition(usingchkdskinXPorotherutilitiesinmorerecentversionsof
Windows)andwritechangestoitsownbootupfiles.(Ifyouforgettodothis,youmaylaterhavetorepairtheWindowspartitionbootupfiles
manuallyusingtheWindowsRecoveryConsole.)
NewerinstallationsofWindowsusetwoprimarypartitions(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning#PC_partition_types)(asmall
WindowsbootpartitionandalargeWindowsOSpartition).AnUbuntuLinuxinstallationalsorequirestwopartitionsalinuxswappartition
andtheOSpartition.TheLinuxpartitionscaneitherbetwoprimarypartitionsorcanbetwologicalpartitionswithinanextendedpartition.Some
computerretailersuseallfourpartitionsonaharddrive.Unlesstherearetwofreepartitionsavailable(eitherprimaryorlogical)inwhichtoinstall
Ubuntu,however,itwillappearasifthereisnoavailablefreespace.Ifonlyonepartitiononaharddrivecanbemadeavailable,itmustbeused
asanextendedpartition(inwhichmultiplelogicalpartitionscanthenbecreated).PartitionmanagementcanbedoneusingtheGPartedutility.
Ifthereareonlytwoexistingprimarypartitionsonaharddrive(andplentyoffreespaceonit)thentherewillbenoprobleminstallingUbuntuas
thesecondoperatingsystemanditisdoneautomaticallyfromtheUbuntuLiveCD.AllowtheUbuntuLiveCDtoinstallto"largestavailablefree
space."Alternatively,ifthereisanextendedpartitionwithplentyoffreespacewithinit,theUbuntuLiveCDwillinstalltothis"largestavailable
freespace"aswell.
ThemainWindowspartitionshouldbeatleast20Gb(recommended30GbforVista/Windows7),andaUbuntupartitionatleast10Gb
(recommended20Gb).Obviously,ifyouhaveplentyofdiskspace,makethepartitionforwhicheverwillbeyourfavouredoperatingsystem
larger.Forarecommendedpartitioningscheme,seethissection.
ConverselyyoucaninstallaretailversionofWindows(butnotanOEMorrecoveryversion)afterUbuntubycreatingaprimaryNTFSpartition
usingGParted.(YoumayhavetouseGPpartedfromaLiveCD/USB).OncetheprimaryNTFSpartitioniscreatedyoucanbootyourWindows
CD/DVDandchoosetoinstallWindowstothatNTFSpartition.Wheninstallationiscomplete,reboottoinsureWindowsbootsproperly.Once
thatisascertained,usetheUbuntuLiveCD/USBtoinstallGRUBbacktotheMBR.(ThisisnecessarybecauseWindowsoverwritestheMBR
anddesignatesitsownbootloaderasthemasterbootloader.)OnceGRUBisinstalledyouwillbeabletobooteitherOS.
Alternativesinclude:
Wubi(http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/downloadwubi)(WindowsbasedUbuntuInstaller),anofficiallysupporteddualbootinstaller
thatallowsUbuntutoberunmountedinavirtualdiskwithintheWindowsenvironment(whichcancauseaslightdegradationin
performance).BecausetheinstallationrequiresanintactfunctioningWindowssystem,itisrecommendedtoinstallUbuntuinthismanner
forshorttermevaluationpurposesonly.ApermanentUbuntuinstallationshouldbeinstalledinitsownpartition,withitsownfilesystem,
andshouldnotrelyonWindows.
EasyBCD(http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1),afreeWindowsbasedprogramthatallowsyoutodualbootWindows7/VistaandUbuntu
(http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Ubuntu)(aswellasotheroperatingsystems)byconfiguringtheWindows7/Vistabootloader.
Installing multiple OS on a single computer
Warning:Duringinstallation,thereisanadvancedoption(Readytoinstall>Advanced)toinstalltheGRUB2bootloaderintothesamepartition
intowhichthe(K)UbuntuOSisinstalledbutnottochangetheMBR(MasterBootRecord).Paycarefulattentionduringthisstepifyoursystem
usesabootpartition,usesmultipleOS(morethan2),orchainloadsbootloaders.Forsystemswithsuchabootpartition,itisbestnottooverwrite
theMBR.
Example,fromtheDesktopversionGUIinstaller,apointintheinstallationwillbereached:
Summary>Advanced>Deviceforbootloaderinstallation:/Jev/sJo6
Inthisexample,thissettingwillcausetheGRUB2bootloadertobeinstalledinto/Jev/sJo6only(thepartitionintowhichthenew(K)UbuntuOS
isbeinginstalled).TheMBR(MasterBootRecord)willnotbechanged.However,ifthedefaultsettingof/Jev/sJoisallowed,thenGRUB2will
notonlybeinstalledintopartitionJev/sJo6(intowhichthe(K)UbuntuOSisinstalled)butalsotheMBR(MasterBootRecord)willbechanged
sothatthecopyofGRUB2storedtherewillbedesignatedasthemasterbootloaderforallOperatingSystemsontheentirecomputer.Thismay
beundesirableifyouwishtousebootloadersotherthanGRUB2.
Ifyouwanttoinstallmorethan2operatingsystemsonasinglecomputer,checkoutthesetips.Alsoseethesetipsregardingmanipulating
partitions.
Use Startup Manager to change Grub settings
GrubisabootuputilitythatcontrolswhichOStoloadbydefaultandotherbootupsettings.YoucanchangeGrubsettingsfromStartupManager
(http://sourceforge.net/projects/startupmanager/),aGUIthatisabletomanagesettingsforGrub(GrubLegacy),Grub2,Usplash,andSplashy.
AlsoseetheUbuntuCommunityhelp(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/StartUpManager)pageforStartupManagerusageinstructions.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ statupnahage nehu
Run:
Menu>System>Administration>StartupManager
Note:YoucanalsoedittheGrubsettingsmanuallyfromthecommandlineinterface.
Dual-Booting Mac OS X and Ubuntu
AlsoseethesetipsforinstallingmultipleOS.
MacOSXhasasimilarstructuretoLinux(itisBSDUnixbased).DualbootingMacOSXandUbuntudetailedinstructionscanbefoundhere
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MacBook).
Installing Mac OS X after Ubuntu
IfyoudecidetodualbootwithOSX,chooseext2asyourpartitiontypeduringtheUbuntuinstallation.(ForthistheSuperGrubDiskCD
isausefulutility.YoucandownloadtheSuperGrub.isoimagefileatforjamari.linex.org(http://supergrub.forjamari.linex.org)andburn
theimagetoaCDROM.)
OnceyouhaveinstalledUbuntu,edittheGrubstartuplist:
sudo haho 7boot7gub7nehu.Jst
andaddthefollowinglines:
t1tJe hac u5 X
oot {hdu,u}
nakeact1ve
cha1hJoade +1
RebootyourMacandgototheterminalinMaxOSX(ifyouhaveanyissuesbooting,bootfromyourMacOSXDVD).PressF8andenters.
Enter:
fd1sk -e 7dev7d1sku
fJag 2 <--hote that fJag 2 1s ny hac pat1t1oh hunbe tWo
qu1t
y
eboot
Ifarestillunsurewhetheritisworkingcorrectly,usetheSuperGrubDiskCDandmakegrubactive.
Installing Ubuntu after Mac OS X
IfyougetanerrormessageduringbootsuchasHFS+errorinthebootloader,youcanalsousetheSuperGrubDiskforrecoveringLinux
GRUBandtheWindowsMBR(MasterBootRecord).
OnceyouhaveinstalledUbuntu,edittheGrubstartuplist:
andaddthefollowinglines:
t1tJe hac u5 X
oot {hdu,u}
nakeact1ve
cha1hJoade +1
IfyouhaveissueswithMacOSXorWindowsinGRUB,trychangingtheMacOSXGrubentry
changeroot(hd0,0)toroot(hd0,1)
Thismeansyouwillbootintopartitionnumber1.Youcantryanypartitionnumberuntilyougetitright.
Upgrading from older versions
AlsoseetheUbuntudesktopupgradedocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes)andOneiricupgrade
documentation(specifictoUbuntu)(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OneiricUpgrades).
Thereareseveralmethodsforupgradesfromthecommandlineinterface(Konsole)(whichcanbeusedforboththedesktopandservereditions
Thereareseveralmethodsforupgradesfromthecommandlineinterface(Konsole)(whichcanbeusedforboththedesktopandservereditions
ofKubuntu/Ubuntu).
Thisisthepreferredmethod:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ update-nahage-coe
sudo do-eJease-upgade
Youcanalsousetheupdatemanager(alleditions):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ update-nahage
sudo update-nahage -d
Youcanalsouse:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgade
(Note:thefirsttwolinessimplymakesureyourcurrentdistributioniscurrentbeforeupgradingtheentiredistribution,andareoptional.
Alwaysbackupyoursystem.Upgradesdonotgenerallyworkforme,becauseIoftenmakecustomizationstomyolderinstallations(tomakemy
hardwareworkwiththem)butthesecustomizationsareoftennotrequiredinthenewestversion.Whenthesystemthenattemptstomigratemy
customizations(duringanattemptedupgrade),itoftencrashesmynewsystem.(Fortunately,Ialwaysbackupmyimportantfiles,andreinstalling
themonafreshOSinstallationisthereforeusuallyaccomplishedrelativelyquickly.)HerearesomeofthestepsIhavesometimesneededtotake
whenperformingupgrades.
Ingeneral,upgradesmustbedoneseriallyfromoneversiontothenextinorder.
Reinstalling applications after a fresh installation
IfyouupgradeyourUbuntusystemwithafreshinstallation,itispossibletomarkthepackagesandservicesinstalledonyouroldsystem(priorto
theupgrade)andsavethesettings("markings")intoafile.TheninstallthenewversionofUbuntuandallowthesystemtoreinstallpackagesand
servicesusingthesettingssavedinthe"markings"file.Forinstructions,seethisUbuntuforumthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?
t=1057608).Inbrief:
Ontheoldsystem:
SynapticPackageManager>File>SaveMarkings
Savethemarkingsfiletoanexternalmedium,suchasaUSBdrive.
Completethebackupofyoursystem'sotherimportantfiles(e.g.the/homedirectory)beforetheinstallationofthenewsystem.
Inthefreshlyinstallednewsystem:
SynapticPackageManager>File>ReadmarkingsandloadthefileonyourUSBdrive(orotherexternalstorage)previouslysaved.
Note:Manypackages,dependencies,andcompatibilitieschangebetweenversionofUbuntu,sothismethoddoesnotalwayswork.Automated
updatesremainstherecommendedmethod.
Alternativelyyoucanusethiscommandlinemethod.
Priortothecleaninstallation.run:
dpkg --get-seJect1ohs > ~7ny-packages
Thiscreatesamy-poc|oqesfileinthe~(home)directorywhichwillcontainalistofthepackagesinstalledontheoldsystem.Copy
thisfiletoasafeplace(asyouwillneeditafterthenewinstallation).
Proceedwiththecleaninstallation.Enablethesamerepositoriesthatwereenabledintheoldsystem.
Nowcopythemy-poc|oqesfiletothe~(/home)folder.Run:
sudo dpkg --set-seJect1ohs < ny-packages 88 sudo apt-get dseJect-upgade
Anypackagesthatyouhadinstalled(thatareinthenewrepositories)willnowbeinstalled.Excludedwillbeanymanuallyinstalled
packages(thatarenotinthenewrepositories)andanypackagesthatwerecompiledfromsource.
HerearesomeofthestepsIhavesometimesneededtotakewhenperformingupgrades.
Add Extra Repositories
Add Extra Repositories
Softwarepackagesandprogramsarefreelyavailablefordownloadatmultipleonlinesiteswithstandardizedstructures,calledrepositories.There
arerepositoriesofficiallysanctionedandmonitoredbytheKubuntu/Ubuntudevelopercommunity,whileotherrepositoriesareindependently
provided,withoutofficialsanctionorsupervision(andshouldbeusedwithcaution).AdditionalinformationisavailablefromtheUbuntu
RepositoryGuide(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu).
Types of Repositories
TherearefourmajorpackagerepositorytypesinUbuntu:
mainSupportedbyCanonical.Thisisthemajorpartofthedistribution.
restrictedSoftwarenotlicensedundertheGPL(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License)(orsimilarsoftware
license),butsupportedbyCanonical.
universeSoftwarelicensedundertheGPL(orsimilarlicense)andsupportedbyusers.
multiverseSoftwarenotlicensedundertheGPL(orsimilarlicense),butsupportedbyusers.
Therearealsotheseadditionaltypesofrepositories:
oneiricupdatesUpdatestoofficialpackages.
oneiricbackportsCurrentversionsoftwarefromPrecisePangolin(Oneiric+1)thathavebeenbackportedtoOneiricOcelot.
oneiricproposedProposedupdates&changes(bleedingedgestuff).
Third party repositories
Softwaredevelopersoftenmaintaintheirownrepositories,fromwhichsoftwarepackagescanbedownloadedandinstalleddirectlytoyour
computer(ifyouaddtherepositorytoyourlist).Manyofthesethirdpartyrepositoriesandsoftwarepackageshaveneverbeenreviewedbythe
(K)Ubuntu/Debiancommunityandcanpresentasecurityrisktoyourcomputer.Trojans,backdoors,andothermalicioussoftwarecanbepresent
atanyunregulatedrepository.Whenusingrepositoriesnotendorsedbythe(K)ubuntu/Debiancommunity,makesureyouhaveutterconfidence
inthatsitebeforeenablingtherepositoryandinstallingasoftwarepackagefromit.
Add Repositories using Synaptic Package Manager
Thisisthepreferredmethod.
Menu>System>Administration>SynapticPackageManager>Settings>Repositories.
HereyoucanenabletherepositoriesforUbuntuSoftwareandThirdPartySoftware.
ForThirdPartySoftwareselectAdd>entertherepository'saddress.Itwillhaveaformatsimilarto:
deb http.77ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c na1h est1cted
deb-sc http.77ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c na1h est1cted
Lxomple:ToaddtheMedibunturepository,Add:
deb http.77packages.ned1buhtu.og7 ohe11c fee hoh-fee
Downloadtherepositorykeytoafolder.
Lxomple:TheMedibuntukeycanbedownloadedfrom
http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntukey.gpg
Thenaddthekeyfrom:
Menu>System>Administration>SynapticManager>Settings>Repositories>Authentication>ImportKeyFile...
(Alternatively,youcanmanuallyaddthekeyfromthecommandlineTerminal.SeeAddRepositorykeys.)
Refreshthepackagelistfromthenewrepository:
Synaptic>Reload
Manually add repositories
Dothisatyourownrisk.ModifythedefaultUbuntusources.listonlyifyouunderstandwhatyou'redoing.Mixingrepositoriescanbreak
yoursystem.FormoreinformationseetheUbuntuCommandlineRepositoryguide
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/CommandLine).
Createabackupofyourcurrentlistofsources.
sudo cp -1 7etc7apt7souces.J1st 7etc7apt7souces.J1stbackup
Note:sudorunsthecommandwithrootprivileges.cp=copy.i=prompttooverwriteifafilealreadyexists.
Editthelistofsources:
sudo haho 7etc7apt7souces.J1st
orusingagraphicaleditor:
gksudo ged1t 7etc7apt7souces.J1st
Note:Touseyourlocalmirroryoucanadd"xx."beforeorcnive.ubunru.com,wherexx=yourcountrycode.
Lxomple:debhttp://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntulicidmainrestricteduniversemultiverseindicatesarepository
forGreatBritain(gb).
Hereisasamplesources.list.AttheendhavebeenaddedrepositoriesforMedibuntuandGoogle:
#deb cdon.|Ubuhtu 11.1u uhe11c uceJot - ReJease 13B7 ohe11c na1h est1cted
# 5ee http.77heJp.ubuhtu.con7connuh1ty7UpgadeNotes fo hoW to upgade to
# heWe ves1ohs of the d1st1but1oh.
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c na1h est1cted
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c na1h est1cted
## hao bug f1x updates poduced afte the f1haJ eJease of the
## d1st1but1oh.
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates na1h est1cted
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates na1h est1cted
## N.B. softWae fon th1s epos1toy 1s ENTTRELY UN5UPPuRTEu by the Ubuhtu
## tean. AJso, pJease hote that softWae 1h uh1vese WTLL NuT ece1ve ahy
## ev1eW o updates fon the Ubuhtu secu1ty tean.
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c uh1vese
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c uh1vese
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates uh1vese
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates uh1vese
## N.B. softWae fon th1s epos1toy 1s ENTTRELY UN5UPPuRTEu by the Ubuhtu
## tean, ahd nay hot be uhde a fee J1cehce. PJease sat1sfy youseJf as to
## you 1ghts to use the softWae. AJso, pJease hote that softWae 1h
## nuJt1vese WTLL NuT ece1ve ahy ev1eW o updates fon the Ubuhtu
## secu1ty tean.
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c nuJt1vese
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c nuJt1vese
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates nuJt1vese
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-updates nuJt1vese
## Uhconneht the foJJoW1hg tWo J1hes to add softWae fon the 'backpots'
## epos1toy.
## N.B. softWae fon th1s epos1toy nay hot have beeh tested as
## extehs1veJy as that cohta1hed 1h the na1h eJease, aJthough 1t 1hcJudes
## heWe ves1ohs of sone appJ1cat1ohs Wh1ch nay pov1de usefuJ featues.
## AJso, pJease hote that softWae 1h backpots WTLL NuT ece1ve ahy ev1eW
## o updates fon the Ubuhtu secu1ty tean.
deb http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-backpots na1h est1cted uh1vese nuJt1vese
deb-sc http.77gb.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu7 ohe11c-backpots na1h est1cted uh1vese nuJt1vese
## Uhconneht the foJJoW1hg tWo J1hes to add softWae fon Cahoh1caJ's
## 'pathe' epos1toy. Th1s softWae 1s hot pat of Ubuhtu, but 1s
## offeed by Cahoh1caJ ahd the espect1ve vehdos as a sev1ce to Ubuhtu
## uses.
deb http.77ach1ve.cahoh1caJ.con7ubuhtu ohe11c pathe
deb-sc http.77ach1ve.cahoh1caJ.con7ubuhtu ohe11c pathe
deb http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty na1h est1cted
deb-sc http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty na1h est1cted
deb http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty uh1vese
deb-sc http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty uh1vese
deb http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty nuJt1vese
deb-sc http.77secu1ty.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu ohe11c-secu1ty nuJt1vese
## hed1buhtu - Ubuhtu 11.1u "uhe11c uceJot"
## PJease epot ahy bug oh https.77bugs.Jauhchpad.het7ned1buhtu7
deb-sc http.77packages.ned1buhtu.og7 ohe11c fee hoh-fee
# uoogJe softWae epos1toy
deb http.77dJ.googJe.con7J1hux7deb7 stabJe hoh-fee
Downloadandaddtherepositorykeystoyourkeyring.SeeAddrepositorykeys.
Refreshthepackageslistfromthenewrepositories:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get update
Add repository keys
Downloadthegpgkeysfortherepositoriesandautomaticallyaddthemtoyourrepositorykeyring:
Lxomple:ToobtainandaddtheMedibunturepositorykey:
Wget --qu1et http.77packages.ned1buhtu.og7ned1buhtu-key.gpg -u - | sudo apt-key add -
Lxomple:ToobtainandaddtheGooglerepositorykey:
Wget --qu1et http.77dJ.googJe.con7J1hux7J1huxs1gh1hgkey.pub -u - | sudo apt-key add -
Note:wgetretrievesafilefromanetworklocation.quiet=nooutput.O=Outputdownloadeditemtoterminal.The|(pipesymbol)isused
tocapturetheoutputfromthepreviouscommand(inourcasethescreen)anduseitasaninputforthepipedcommand(i.e.aptkey,whichadds
ittothekeyring).
Alternatively(andperhapsmoreeasily),youcanuseaptkeydirectly:
sudo apt-key adv --keyseve keyseve.ubuhtu.con --ecv-keys KEY
whereKEYisthemissingkeycodeprintedinaptgetoutput,e.g.EF4186FE247510BE.
Note:Keyserversoftenuseport11371.Makesureyourfirewallallowsport11371tobeopen.
Package Installation and Updates
Apt and Package Basics
ReadAddExtraRepositories
MostnewuserswillusetheSynapticPackageManagertoinstallpackages.Theseinstructionsareforinstallingpackagesfromthecommandline
Terminal.Terminalcanbestarted:
Menu>Applications>Accessories>Terminal
Installpackages:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ packagenane
Lxomple:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ npd sbackup
Removepackages:
sudo apt-get enove packagenane
Toremovealldependencies:
sudo apt-get autoenove
Lxomple:
sudo apt-get enove npd sbackup
Searchforpackages:
apt-cache seach <keyWods>
Lxomples:
apt-cache seach hus1c hP3
apt-cache seach hus1c hP3
apt-cache seach "Text Ed1to"
Updatetheaptpackagedatabaseafteradding/removingrepositories:
sudo apt-get update
Upgradepackages:
sudo apt-get upgade
Upgradetheentiredistribution(e.g.fromMavericktoNatty):
Installing .deb packages
Debian(.deb)packagesarethepackagesthatareusedinUbuntu.Youcaninstallany.debpackageinyoursystem..debfilescangenerallybe
installedfromyourfilemanager(Nautilus)merelybyclickingonthem,sincefileassociationswiththedefaultinstallerisalreadysetinUbuntu.
Theseinstructionsareforthosewhowishtoinstallpackagesfromthecommandlineterminal(Terminal).
InstalladownloadedDebian(Ubuntu)package(.deb):
sudo dpkg -1 packagenane.deb
RemoveaDebian(Ubuntu)package(.deb):
sudo dpkg - packagenane
Reconfigure/RepairaninstalledDebian(Ubuntu)package(.deb):
sudo dpkg-ecohf1gue packagenane
*Lxomple:
sudo dpkg-ecohf1gue npd
Handling (Tar/GZip) and (Tar/Bzip2) archives
(Tar/GZip)archivesendin".tar.gz"and(Tar/Bzip2)archivesendin".tar.bz2".Bzip2isthenewer,moreefficientcompressionmethod.These
filescangenerallybeautomaticallyextractedbymerelyclickingonthemfromyourfilemanager(Nautilus),sincefileassociationswiththe
appropriatearchivalutilitiesaresetbydefaultinUbuntu.TheseinstructionsareforthosewhowishtousethecommandlineTerminal.
Toextract:
ta xvf packagenane.ta.gz
Note:tarisanapplicationwhichcanextractfilesfromanarchive,decompressingifnecessary.
xmeansextract.
vmeansverbose(listwhatitisextracting).
fspecifiesthefiletouse.
Decompressing".gz"files
guhz1p fJe.gz
Decompressing".bz2"files
buhz1p2 fJe.bz2
Note:Youcanalsodecompressapackagefirstbyusingthecommandgunzip(for.gz)orbunzip2(for.bz2),leavingthe.tarfile.
Youwouldthenusetartoextractit.
Tocreatea.gzarchive:
ta cvfz packagenane.ta.gz foJde
Tocreatea.bz2archive:
ta cvf packagenane.ta.bz2 foJde
Installing a package from source
Makesureyouhaveallthenecessarydevelopmenttools(i.e.libraries,compilers,headers):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bu1Jd-esseht1aJ J1hux-heades-${uhane -}
Note:"unamer"liststhecurrentkernelyouareusing
Extractthearchivethatcontainsthesourcefiles:
ta xvf sourcefJesarchve.ta.gz
Buildthepackageusingthepackage'sscript(inthiscasetheconfigurescript),compilethepackage(make),andinstallthecompiled
packageintoyoursystem(makeinstall):
cd pa!h!oex!rac!edsourcefJes
.7cohf1gue
sudo nake
sudo nake 1hstaJJ
Note:typing./beforeafilenameinthecurrentfolderallowstheLinuxshelltotryandexecutethefileasanapplicationevenifitis
notinthepath(thesetoffolderswhichitsearcheswhenyoutypeacommandname).Ifyougeta"permissiondenied"error,thefile
isnotmarkedasbeingexecutable.Tofixthis:
sudo chnod +x fJenane
Lxomple:Intheaboveinstructions,configureistheshellscripttobuildthepackagefromsource.Tobesuretheconfigurescriptis
executable:
sudo chnod +x cohf1gue
Create a .deb package from source files
Ifyourbuildfromsourceissuccessful,youcanmakeaDebian(Ubuntu)package(.deb)forfutureuse:
Installpackagetools:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ check1hstaJJ
Rebuildpackageusing"checkinstall":
cd pa!h!oex!rac!edpackage
.7cohf1gue
sudo nake
sudo check1hstaJJ
Keeptheresulting".deb"fileforfutureuse.Itcanlaterbeinstalledusing:
sudo dpkg -1 packagenane.deb
Note:Thesearebasicinstructionsthatmaynotalwayswork.Somepackagesrequireadditionaldependenciesandoptionalparameterstobe
specifiedinordertobuildthemsuccessfully.AlsoseetheseUbuntuwikiinstructions(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PackagingGuide/Basic?
action=show&redirect=HowToBuildDebianPackagesFromScratch).Moreinfoabout.debpackagestructurecanbefoundhere
(http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/ldebpkg.html).
Aptitude
Aptitudeisaterminalbasedpackagemanagerthatcanbeusedinsteadofaptget.Aptitudemarkspackagesthatareautomaticallyinstalledand
removesthemwhennopackagesdependonthem.Thismakesiteasytoremoveapplicationscompletely.TouseAptitude,replaceaptgetwith
aptitudeinthecommandline.Example:
sudo apt1tude 1hstaJJ packagenane
sudo apt1tude enove packagenane
sudo apt1tude update
sudo apt1tude upgade
Foranncursesbasedgraphicaluserinterface,type
sudo apt1tude
Formoreinformation,seetheaptitudedocumentation(http://people.debian.org/~dburrows/aptitudedoc/en/).
Synaptic Package Manager
While"aptget"and"aptitude"arefastwaysofinstallingprograms/packages,youcanalsousetheSynapticPackageManager(Menu>System
>Administration>SynapticManager),aGUImethodforinstallingprograms/packages.Most(butnotall)programs/packagesavailablewith
aptgetinstallwillalsobeavailablefromtheSynapticPackageManager.Thisisthepreferredmethodformostdesktopusers.Inthisguide,when
yousee
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ package
youcansimplysearchforpoc|oqeinSynapticandinstallitthatway.
Menu>System>Administration>SynapticPackageManager
Searchforthenameoftheprogram/package.Youcanalsosearchforawordinitsdescription.
>MarkforInstallation>Apply
Theselectedprogram(s)willbeautomaticallyinstalled,alongwithitsdependencies.
Ubuntu Software Center (Add/Remove Programs)
Notallpackagesavailablefromaptget,aptitude,andSynapticPackageManagerareavailableintheUbuntuSoftwareCenter.However,itisthe
easiestinterfacefornewusersofUbuntuanddirectsthemtopreferredpackages.
Menu>Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter
Searchforthesortofprogramyouwanttoadd.Example:typeMPStoseealistofmp3software.
>MarkforInstallation>Apply
Theselectedprogram(s)willbeautomaticallyinstalled.
Manual Updates
ReadGeneralNotes
ReadAddExtraRepositories
Manually,fromTerminal(commandlineinterface):
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgade
or
UseSynapticPackageManager:
Menu>System>Administration>SynapticPackageManager>"Reload"then"Markallupgrades"
Iftherearepackagesavailableforupdating,youwillbepromptedwhethertoinstallthem.
Automated Updates
UseSynapticPackageManager:
Menu>System>Administration>SynapticManager>Settings>Preferences>General>ReloadingOutdatedPackage
Information>Automatic
Desktop Add-ons
Therearemanyaddonicons,themes,wallpapers,3Deffects,andothercustomizationsavailablefortheGNOMEdesktop.
Gnome Eye-Candy Resources
GnomeLook(http://www.gnomelook.org)haswallpapers,splashscreens,icons,andthemesforwindowsmanagers(includingMetacity
andCompiz)andotherapplications.
Ubuntu Wallpaper
DownloadfreeMaverickMeerkatwallpapers(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Artwork/Incoming/Maverick).
Change Plymouth Splash Screen
Thisistheinitialsplashscreenyouseeatbootup.DifferentPlymouththemescanbefoundbysearchingforplymouththemeinaPackage
Manager.Installanewoneandthen:
sudo update-aJtehat1ves --cohf1g defauJt.pJynouth
sudo update-1h1tanfs -u
andmanuallyselectthethemeyouwishtouse.
PlymouthdoesnotreliablyworkwithnVidiadriversandduringbootupablankscreenmayresultforseveralseconds.
Metacity
MetacityisthedefaultdesktopcompositingmanagerinGnome.Itislightweight,streamlinedanddoesnothavemanyconfigurableoptions,but
hasmultiplethemesavailableatGnomeLook.
Compiz Fusion
CompizFusionisavailableasaseparateWindowsManager,toallowadvanceddesktopeffectssuchastherotatingcubedesktop.ManyUbuntu
userschoosetorunCompiz,whichisquitefastinUbuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ conp1z conp1zcohf1g-sett1hgs-nahage conp1z-fus1oh-pJug1hs-na1h conp1z-fus1oh-pJug1hs-exta eneaJd J1bsvg2-connoh
TochangetoCompizastheWindowManager:
SelectCompizConfiguration:
Menu>System>Preferences>CompizConfigSettingsManager
Note:Youmustlogoutandlogbackinforthechangetotakeeffect.
Fusion Icon
FusionIconisatrayiconthatallowsyoutoeasilyswitchbetweenwindowmanagers,windowdecorators,andgivesyouquickaccesstothe
CompizSettingsManager.Thisallowsquicktogglingof3Ddesktopeffects(thatmaynotbecompatiblewithsomeapplications).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fus1oh-1coh
Menu>Applications>SystemTools>CompizFusionIcon
YoucantheneasilyaccessCompizConfigSettingsManagerfromtheicon.
Rotate the Compiz Cube
SettheCompizConfigSettingsManagertoenablethe"DesktopCube"and"RotateCube"and"ViewportSwitcher"options.Clickontheicon
foreachtocustomizesettings.Forexample,tochangetheappearanceofthecube,clickontheDesktopCubeicontoaccessitssettings.Youcan
setthehotkeybuttonsforrotatingthecubeinthe"ViewportSwitcher"settings.Otherwise,holddowntheCtrl+Alt+Leftmousebuttonanddrag
themouse(ortouchpad)thedirectionyouwanttorotatethecube.
themouse(ortouchpad)thedirectionyouwanttorotatethecube.
Remember,thecuberotatesbetweendesktops.It'snotacubeunlessyouhaveatleast4desktopsrunning.Youwillnotgetacubeifyouareonly
using2desktops(youwillgeta"plate").Youcanstillrotatethesidesoftheplate,ofcourse,butitwillnotbeacube.(Recentusersfromthe
WindowsOSmayhavenoexperiencewiththeconceptofsimultaneousdesktops,buttheyareniceonceyoulearnhowtousethem).
WhenrunningCompizfusionastheWindowsManager,youmustchangethedefaultnumberofdesktopsfromwithinCompizConfigSettings
Manger.Toenable4desktops:
CompizConfigSettingsManager>General>GeneralOptions>DesktopSize>HorizontalVirtualSize>4
Whenyoustartanapplication,youcanassignittoanyoneofthe4desktopsbyrightclickingtheupperleftcorneroftheapplicationwindow
andchoosingthe"ToDesktop..."option.Rotatingthecubeshowsthedifferentdesktops.Youcanalsogotoadesktopusingthetaskbaricon
whichshowsthe4desktops.
Emerald
EmeraldisthethemeengineforCompizFusion.Multiplethemesareavailable.(ThesethemesoriginatedfromtheBerylprojectbeforeitmerged
withCompiztoformCompizFusion.)TheEmeraldThemeManagerforCompizFusioncanbeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ eneaJd
Google Desktop
GoogleDesktopforLinux(http://desktop.google.com/linux/index.html)isaproprietarysuiteofwidgetsandapplicationstogiveGooglecontrol
overyourcomputerandtherebyallowyoutouseGoogleservices.A.debpackagecanbedownloadedandinstalledfromGoogleLinux
Downloads(http://desktop.google.com/en/linux/download.html).Forinstallationinstructions,seeGoogleDesktopforLinuxInstructions
(http://desktop.google.com/support/linux/bin/topic.py?topic=11377).
gDesklets
gDesklets(http://www.gdesklets.de/)aresimilartoWindowswidgetsandGooglegadgetsandprovideinformationsuchasweather,system
resources,andnews.Formoreinformationrefertothisgdeskletinstallationtutorial(http://www.howtoforge.com/gnome_gdesklets).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gdeskJets
Dock applications
AvantWindowManager,CairoDock,gnomedoandWbararedocklikeapplicationsforUbuntuLinux.Adockrepresentsrunningprogramsas
iconsatthebottomofthescreen(asisdoneontheMacOSXdesktop),insteadofbytoolbarpanelsegments(asisdoneinWindowsandother
Linuxwindowmanagers).Seethisbriefcomparisonofdockapplications(http://linuxowns.wordpress.com/2008/05/08/thebestandworst
docksforubuntu/).
Avant Window Navigator
AvantWindowNavigator(http://wiki.awnproject.org/)requiresthatadesktopcompositionmanager(suchasMetacity,Compiz,
Xcompmgr,KDE4(Kubuntu),orxfwm4(Xubuntu))beinstalledandrunning.
InstallandupgradeproprietarynVidiaorATIgraphicsdriverssothatthecompositingmanagerfunctionsproperly.
InstallAWN:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ avaht-W1hdoW-hav1gato aWh-nahage
(Note:IfyouareusingGnome(Ubuntu)anddonotalreadyhaveacompositingmanagerinstalled(suchasCompiz),Metacitywillbe
installedaspartoftheinstallation.)
EnableautomaticstartupofAWNatbootup:
Menu>System>Preferences>StartupApplications>Add...
avaht-W1hdoW-hav1gato
Selectwhichappletsshouldrunfromthedockmenubydefault:
Menu>Applications>Accessories>AvantWindowNavigatorManager
Youcandragapplicationiconsontothelist,thenactivateordeactivatetheappletsfromthelist.
Cairo Dock
CairoDock(http://developer.berlios.de/projects/cairodock/)canbeusedeitherwithadesktopcompositingmanager(suchasMetacityfor
Gnome,Compiz,ortheKDE4WindowManager)orwithoutone.SeetheUbuntuinstallationinstructions
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CairoDock)fordetails.Itisavailablefromtherepositories:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ca1o-dock ca1o-dock-pJug-1hs
Gnome Do
GnomeDo(http://do.davebsd.com/)isadockingutilityforGnome.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghone-do
FromthepreferencespaneofgnomedoselecttheDockylookandfeeltogetthedock(ratherthanthedefaultQuicksilverlike)lookand
feel.
wbar
wbar(http://code.google.com/p/wbar/)isaquicklaunchbar(notadock)thathasanappearancesimilartoAvantWindowManagerandCairo
Dock.ItisGTK(Gnome)basedbutcanworkinalldesktopenvironments.Itdoesnotrequireacompositingmanagertobeinstalledandis
thereforequickerandmoresuitableforlowendhardwaresystems.ItisthedefaultintheGooglegOSdesktopandisavailableasa.debpackage
fromGoogle.Downloadandinstall(fromthecommandlineTerminal):
Wget http.77Wba.googJecode.con7f1Jes7Wba1.3.313B.deb
sudo dpkg -1 Wba1.3.313B.deb
Startwbarwithcustomstartoptions(e.g.bypressingalt+F2).Hereisanexample:
Wba -1s1ze 4B - 1 -p botton -baJfa 4u -bpess -hah1n 3 -z 2.5 -above-desk
Hereisanotherexample:
Wba -above-desk -pos botton -1s1ze u -hah1n 1 -bpess -unpf u.u -zoonf 1.5
Forafulllistofcommandlinestartupoptions,see:
Wba --heJp
Tip:Ifyouwantthe"wave"effectjustincreasethenanimvalue.IliketheiconstojustpopupsoIdon'tuseit,butwith9icons5thereisanice
"wave"effect.
Obviously,youcouldcreateamenuitemwiththecommandlineoptions(similartotheexamplesabove),orabatchfilethatcanbeautomatically
startedatsystemstartup(asacroneventorstartupsession).
Youcanalsochangewbarstartupoptionsbyeditingtheconfigurationfile:
sudo ged1t 7us7shae7Wba7dot.Wba
Seethisexampleconfigurationfile(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=980565).However,notalloptionsareabletobesetfromthe
configurationfileandmustberunfromthecommandline.Formoreinfoseethiswbarguide(http://linuxguider.blogspot.com/2008/09/wbar
anothercutedock.html).
wbarconf
Asimplewbarconfigurationutility(http://www.gnomefiles.org/app.php/wbarconf)canbedownloadedasa.debpackageandinstalled:
Wget http.77kot1.kaps1.f17~1ghea7Wbacohf7Wbacohfu.7.2-113B.deb
sudo dpkg -1 Wbacohfu.7.2-113B.deb
Virtualization
Virtualization
Virtualizationallowsasecondoperatingsystem(OS),suchasWindowsorOSX,toberunfromwithin(K)Ubuntu.ThisrequiresextraRAM
(becauseboth(K)UbuntuandthevirtualizedsecondOSrequireseparateamountsofRAM)andalicenseforthesecondOS.Ifyouwishtoruna
virtualizedinstanceofWindowsXP,forinstance,youmusthavealicenseforWindowsXP.
VirtualBox
VirtualBox(http://www.virtualbox.org/)isafastandcompletevirtualizationsolutionownedandmaintainedbySunMicrosystems.Thereisa
freeandfullyopensourceeditionavailableundertheGNUGPLlicense.
Installtheopensourceedition:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ v1tuaJbox-ose v1tuaJbox-ose-souce v1tuaJbox-guest-add1t1ohs
YoucanalsoaddtheQTversion(ifusingKDE/Kubuntu,forexample):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ v1tuaJbox-ose-qt
StartVirtualBox:
Menu>VirtualBoxOSEPCvirtualizationsolution
Forusageinstructions,seetheEnduserdocumentation(http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Enduser_documentation).Forinformationoninstalling
VirtualboxinWindowssothatUbuntucanthenbeinstalledwithininavirtualmachinerunninginWindows,seethispage.
Proprietary versions of VirtualBox
Afewadditionalfeatures(http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Editions)thatarenotyetintheOSEversion,suchasaUSBdeviceinterface,are
availableintheproprietaryversionofVirtualBox.Toinstallaproprietaryedition(http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads)of
VirtualBox:
Addthesecuritykey:
Wget -q http.77doWhJoad.v1tuaJbox.og7v1tuaJbox7deb1ah7oacJevbox.asc -u- | sudo apt-key add -
Addtherepositorystringtoyourrepositorylistandupdate:
echo "deb http.77doWhJoad.v1tuaJbox.og7v1tuaJbox7deb1ah nave1ck hoh-fee" | sudo tee 7etc7apt7souces.J1st.d7v1tuaJbox.J1st
sudo apt-get update
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ v1tuaJbox
VMWare
VMWare(http://www.vmware.com/)isacommercialvirtualizationplatformthatcurrentlyofferstwofreeproducts:VMWarePlayerand
VMWareServer(http://www.vmware.com/download/server/)(thelatterwithafreerenewableyearlylicense).VMWarePlayercanplayvirtual
appliancesthathavealreadybeencreated,whereasVMWareServer(whichhasabroaderrangeoffeatures)allowsthecreationofvirtual
machines.Ingeneral,VMWareServerisrecommendedunlessyouonlyneedtoplayanappliance.(ApplianceswillalsoruninVMWare
Server).Usersthatwishtorunservers(orprocesses)thatneedtobeavailabletoanetworkfromwithinthevirtualmachineshoulduse
VMServer.IfyouwishtoinstallanewOSwithinavirtualmachine(otherthaninanappliance),youwillneedVMWareServer.
VMWare Player
Installationinstructionsareonthewebsite,orattheUbuntucommunitywiki(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VMware/Player).Inbrief,to
installthefreeVMWarePlayer:
Installprerequisites:
Getthebinarypackage/installationscript,giveitexecutableprivileges,thenruntheinstallationscript:
Wget http.77doWhJoad3.vnWae.con7softWae7vnpJaye7vhWae-PJaye-2.5.3-1B54u4.13B.buhdJe
chnod +x vhWae-PJaye-2.5.3-1B54u4.13B.buhdJe
sudo .7vhWae-PJaye-2.5.3-1B54u4.13B.buhdJe
Run:
Menu>Applications>SystemTools>VMWarePlayer
Create an Ubuntu Appliance
WhileanyeditionofUbuntucanbeinstalledinavirtualmachine,theminimalinstallationoption(F4)oftheUbuntuServercreatesahighly
efficientedition(previouslyknownasJeOS)optimisedforusewithinavirtualappliance(whichcanthenbeplayedusingVMWarePlayeror
othervirtualmachineclient).Seethiswalkthrough.
AvirtualapplianceforVMWarePlayer(usingthisJeOSminimalserver)canalsobebuiltusingvmbuilder
(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/jeosandvmbuilder.html).
VMWare Server
Downloadtheserversourcefilesforyourarchitecture(32bitor64bit)fromtheVMWareServerwebsite
(http://www.vmware.com/download/server/)andretrieveyourlicensekeybyemail.
Extractthefiles,giveexecutionprivilegestotheinstallscript,andruntheinstallscript:
ta xvf vhWae-seve-2.u.1-15745.13B.ta.gz
cd vnWae-seve-d1st1b
chnod +x vnWae-1hstaJJ.pJ
sudo .7vnWae-1hstaJJ.pJ
VMWare Package
VMWareAppliances(thatincludeanUbuntu/DebianOS)canbecreatedusingVMWareServerandtheVMWarePackageutility.These
appliancescanthenbedeployedtouserswhocanplaythemusingVMWarePlayer.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ vnWae-package
Keyboard errors in VMware guest
AfterinstallingVMWare6.5,andinstallingaguestOS,theFunction,arrowandDel/End/etckeysdonotfunction.ThisisabugwithVMWares
code.Addthislineto~/.vmware/config(createfileifnecessary)tofixthisissue:
xkeynap.hokeycodehap = tue
KVM
KVM(http://www.linuxkvm.org/page/Main_Page)isthefreeopensourcevirtualizationsolutionimplementedasaLinuxkernelmodule(inthe
recentkernels)forcomputerswhoseprocessorscontainvirtualizationextensions(IntelVTorAMDV).SeetheUbuntuinstallationinstructions
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kvn
Qemu (without KVM)
Ifyourcomputerdoesnothavethevirtualizationextensions,youcanstillruntheQEMUvirtualizationplatform.SeethisUbuntucommunity
documentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsXPUnderQemuHowTo).Itcanbeinstalledfromsourcecode
(http://www.qemu.org/qemudoc.html#SEC82).
Xen
Xen(http://www.xen.org/)isanefficientopensourcevirtualization("hypervisor")platform(whichincludesamergewithQEMU).Itisthebasis
fortheAmazonEC2Cloudandisgenerallyintendedforuseonaserver(oron"baremetal"systems,i.e.noOSyetinstalled).Itisfreeopen
fortheAmazonEC2Cloudandisgenerallyintendedforuseonaserver(oron"baremetal"systems,i.e.noOSyetinstalled).Itisfreeopen
sourceunderaGPLlicense.Thelatestdesktop(andinstallationinstructions)isavailablefromthewebsite.(Acommercialversionisalsooffered
byCitrix.)ImplementationinUbunturequiressomemodification,currently.Formoreinfo,seetheUbuntucommunitydocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Xen).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xeh-hypev1so xeh-docs cohv1t
AXenvirtualmachinehostcanalsobeinstalledautomaticallywithcertain64bitCPUs,usingthe64bitUbuntuServerLiveCD.(A(K)Ubuntu
desktopcanthenlaterbeaddedseeUbuntuserver).
Virtual Machine Manager
VirtualMachineManager(http://virtmanager.et.redhat.com/)isanapplicationtoallowviewingofallinstancesofvirtualmachinesonyour
system.ItincludesasecureimplementationofVNC.Thisandothervirtualmanagementtoolsareavailableasanintegratedpackagein
(K)Ubuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtu-v1t-ngnt
Crossover for Linux
Codeweavers'CrossoverOfficeforLinux(http://www.codeweavers.com/products/cxlinux/)isasubscriptionbasedcommercialpackagethat
allowsmanyWindowsprogramstoberunonUbuntuwithouttheneedforaMicrosoftOSlicenseoracompletevirtualizationsystem.Seethe
websiteformoreinfo.CodeweaversreleasesolderversionsofthisproductintothefreepackageWine.
Wine
Wine(http://www.winehq.org/)isafreeopensourcepackagethatissimilarto(andimplementsmanyelementsof)CrossOverforLinux.Like
CrossOverforLinux,noMicrosoftlicenseorvirtualizationplatformisrequiredtorunWindowsprograms.Seetheseinstructions
(http://www.winehq.org/download/deb)forinstallingthelatestversionofWine.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W1he
AlsoconsiderinstallingMicrosoft'sTrueTypefonts:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nsttcoefohts
PlayOnLinux
PlayOnLinux(http://www.playonlinux.com/)isaWinefrontendwhichsimplifiestheinstallationandlaunchofmanyWindowsprograms,
particularlygames.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pJayohJ1hux
Internet Explorer 7
InternetExplorer7canbeinstalledwithPlayOnLinux.Select"InternetExplorer7"fromthe"Internet"sectionofPlayonLinux.
Internet Explorer 6 & 7
InternetExplorer6&7canfunctionunderWine,albeitimperfectly.Formostpurposes,Firefoxcanbeused(withtheUserAgentSwitcher
plugin)tomimicInternetExplorer.
MakesureyouhaveWineandcabextractpackages:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W1he cabextact
DownloadtheWinetricks(http://wiki.winehq.org/winetricks)installationscript:
Wget http.77W1het1cks.og7W1het1cks
sudo chnod +x W1het1cks
Installwithwinetricks:
sh W1het1cks 1e
sh W1het1cks 1e7
sh W1het1cks 1e7
Note:WinetricksisautomaticallyinstalledwiththecurrentversionofWine(http://www.winehq.org/download/deb).
Transgaming Cedega
Cedega(http://www.transgaming.com/)isacommercialapplication(similartoCrossOverOfficeandWine),forinstallingandrunningsome
Windowsapplications,specificallygames,withouttheneedforvirtualizationoraMicrosoftlicense.Itprovides3Dsupport,softwareacceleration
support,andahighlevelofDirectXsupport.Installationinstructionsarefoundonthewebsite.
Mono
Mono(http://www.monoproject.com/Main_Page)isafreeopensourceprojectsponsoredbyNovelltoallow.NETprogramstofunctionin
Linux((K)Ubuntu)andMacOSX..SeveralGNOMEapplications(likeTomboy,FSpot,andBanshee)requiremonotobeinstalled,somono
mayalreadybeinstalledbydefaultonyoursystem.Themostrecentversionisavailablehere(http://www.monoproject.com/Other_Downloads)
.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ noho-2.u-deveJ
Moonlight
SeeMoonlightpluginforFirefox
3ava
InstallJava:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ defauJt-e
DosBox
DOSBox(http://www.dosbox.com/)isaDOSemulatorthatemulatesCPU:286/386realmode/protectedmode,Directory
FileSystem/XMS/EMS,Tandy/Hercules/CGA/EGA/VGA/VESAgraphics,andaSoundBlaster/GravisUltraSoundcard(forsound
compatibilitywitholdergames).Youcan"relive"classicgamesthatotherwisewon'trunonnewercomputers.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dosbox
ScummVM
ScummVM(http://scummvm.org/)allowscertainclassicgraphicalpointandclickadventuregamestorun(providedyoualreadyhavetheirdata
files).ScummVMreplacestheexecutablesshippedwiththegames,allowingplayonLinuxoperatingsystems(forwhichtheywerenot
originallydesigned).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ scunnvn
Edutainment Applications
Therearemanysuperbapplicationsthatcanbeinstalledwithasingleclick.
Menu>Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter>Education
Belowareafewexamplesthatcanbeinstalledfromthismenu:
Celestia(http://www.shatters.net/celestia/)afreeplanetariumandspacesimulatorforthedesktop
Stellarium(http://www.stellarium.org/)anastoundingplanetariumforthedesktop
K3DSurf(http://k3dsurf.sourceforge.net/)aprogramformodeling3,4,5,and6dimensionalmodels.
Bibletime(http://www.bibletime.info/)aBiblestudytoolusingtheQTplatform
Zekr(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekr)anIslamicQuranstudytool(availableinUtilities)
Oregano(http://arrakis.gforge.lug.fi.uba.ar/)aprogramforelectricalengineeringschematics
RlPlot(http://rlplot.sourceforge.net/)ahighqualitygraphgenerator
Mnemosyne(http://www.mnemosyneproj.org/)aflashcardtool
Gramps(http://grampsproject.org/)mapyourfamilytreeandcooperatewithgenealogyprojects
Gramps(http://grampsproject.org/)mapyourfamilytreeandcooperatewithgenealogyprojects
Google Earth
GoogleEarth(http://earth.google.com/)givesyouanannotatedeagle'seyeviewofourplanet.Thisisafreeproprietarypackage(youmust
acceptthelicensetousethispackage).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ googJeeath-package
nake-googJeeath-package --foce
Doubleclickontheresulting.debfile.
or
ToinstallthelatestLinuxbinary,downloadandsavetheGoogleEarthLinux.binpackagefromGoogleEarthdownloads
(http://earth.google.com/intl/en/downloadearth.html).Theninstall:
chnod +x uoogJeEathL1hux.b1h
.7uoogJeEathL1hux.b1h
Run:
Menu>Applications>Internet>GoogleEarth3Dplanetviewer
YoushouldturnofftheGoogleEarth>View>Atmospheresetting,oryoumightseecloudseverywhereandthegroundwon'tshowup.
Troubleshooting
IfGoogleEarthopens,showsthesplashscreen,andthencrashes,youreprobablyexperiencingacommonissue.Running~/google
earth/googleearthinaterminalwillshowthiserror:./googleearthbin:relocationerror:/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libssl.so.0.9.8:symbolBIO_test_flags,
versionOPENSSL_0.9.8notdefinedinfilelibcrypto.so.0.9.8withlinktimereference
Tofixthis,browsetothefolderyouinstalledGoogleEarthinto.Bydefaultthiswillbegoogleearthinyourhomefolder.Findthefile
libcrypto.so.0.9.8andrenameittosomethingelse,likelibcrypto.so.0.9.8.bak.GoogleEarthshouldnowstartcorrectly.
cd ~7googJe-eath
sudo nv J1bcypto.so.u.9.B J1bcypto.so.u.9.B.bak
sudo Jh -s 7us7J1b7J1bcypto.so.u.9.B ~7googJe-eath7J1bcypto.so.u.9.B
(Note:Youcanalsospecify/home/user/googleearthinsteadof~/googleearth).
Forotherissues,seetheUbuntuhelppagesonGoogleEarth(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GoogleEarth).
Uninstall Google Earth
Touninstallruntheuninsrollshellscriptlocatedinthe/home/user/googleearthfolder(orwhicheverfolderyouinstalledgoogleearthinto).
FBReader (e-book reader)
FBReader(http://www.fbreader.org/)isafreecrossplatformebookreader,basedontheGTKplatform.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fbeade
Calibre (e-book reader)
Calibre(http://calibreebook.com/)isanebookreaderandlibrarymanager.Seetheseinstallationinstructions(http://calibre
ebook.com/download_linux).
Games
Therearesomephenomenalgamesfor(K)UbuntuLinux.
UbuntuCommunityWikiGames(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Games).
BestLinuxGamesfor2008(http://whdb.com/2008/top25linuxgamesfor2008/).
Best25LinuxGamesof2007(http://rangit.com/software/top8linuxgamesof2007/).
Therearehundredsoffree,opensourcegamesavailablein(K)Ubuntu.Most(includingtheKDEGames
(http://www.kde.org/applications/games/)collectionandtheGnomeGames(http://live.gnome.org/GnomeGames/)collection)canbeaccessed
throughtheGamessectionofyourPackageManager.
Examplesare:
PouetChess(http://pouetchess.sourceforge.net/)anexcellent3Dchessgame(sudoaptgetinstallpouetchess)
PokerTH(http://www.pokerth.net/)averyniceTexasHold'EmPoker(installusingPPArepository(https://launchpad.net/~pkg
games/+archive/ppa))
Kajongg(http://packages.ubuntu.com/maverick/kajongg)arealMahJongggame,forhumansand/orrobots(sudoaptgetinstallkajongg)
PlanetPenguinRacer(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tux_Racer)Penguinslidesdowna3Dlugerun,catchingfish.(ExtremeTuxRacer
(http://extremetuxracer.com/)isanewerversion,butworksin32bitonly.)
KsirK(http://games.kde.org/game.php?game=ksirk)playRiskagainstthecomputerorinamultiplayerenvironment(sudoaptgetinstall
kdegames)
Racer(http://www.racer.nl/)the3D"realdeal"CarRacinggame(installbinaryfoundhere(http://www.racer.nl/dl_beta_linux.htm)).
Alsowithextratracksandaddons(http://www.racer.nl/dl_content.htm).
TORCS(http://torcs.sourceforge.net/)the3DCarRacinggame(sudoaptgetinstalltorcs)
Supertuxkart(http://supertuxkart.sourceforge.net/)thegokartracinggame(sudoaptgetinstallsupertuxkart)
Pingus(http://pingus.seul.org/)aLemmingsclone(similartoSuperMarioBros.)thatusespenguinsinsteadoflemmings(sudoaptget
installpingus)
FrozenBubble(http://www.frozenbubble.org/)thebubblepoppinggame(sudoaptgetinstallfrozenbubble)
FretsonFire(http://fretsonfire.sourceforge.net/)similartoGuitarHero.YoucanimportsongsfromGuitarHero
(http://www.geetarfreaks.webs.com/Viva%20La%20Music.html)andfromcommunitysites(http://fretsonfire.wikidot.com/customsongs)
(sudoaptgetinstallfretsonfire)
Scorched3d(http://www.scorched3d.co.uk/)turnbasedartillerygameina3Drenderedlandscape(sudoaptgetinstallscorched3d)
Pyscrabble(http://pyscrabble.sourceforge.net/)(andpyscrabbleserver)onlineScrabblegameandserver(sudoaptgetinstallpyscrabble
pyscrabbleserver)(AlsoseeLexulous(http://www.lexulous.com)andtheInternetScrabbleClub(http://www.isc.ro/)forbrowserbased
onlinegamessimilartoScrabble.InternetScrabbleClubrequiresJava:sudoaptgetinstalldefaultjre)
Wing Commander Privateer
TheLinuxversionofthisfreeversionofWingCommander(http://priv.solsector.net/)canbedownloadedasabinaryhere
(http://sourceforge.net/projects/privateer/).
Vdrift
Vdrift(http://vdrift.net/)isafreeopensource3Dracinggame,similartoNeedforSpeed,withrealisticphysics,multipledrifttracks,and
multiplayergames.Supportforjoysticks,miceandkeyboardisincluded.AbinarypackageforLinuxisavailablefromthewebsite.
Action
Incredibleactiongames(includingthosefromtheTop25)areavailableinUbuntu.Manycanbeinstalledusing:
Menu>Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter>Games
Examplesare:
AlienArena(http://icculus.org/alienarena/rpa/about.html)amultiplayerfirstpersonshooteractiongamewithfreeservers.(Package:
alienarena)(Server:alienarenaserver)
OpenArena(http://www.openarena.ws/)anopensourcemultiplayerfirstpersonshooteractiongame,withfreeservers.(Package:
openarena)(Server:openarenaserver)
Tremulous(http://www.tremulous.net)aHalolikemultiplayerfirstpersonshooteractiongame.Therepositorieshavethecurrent
version.(Package:tremulous)(Server:tremulousserver)
Sauerbraten(http://sauerbraten.org/)amultiplayergraphicsrichfirstpersonshootergameevolvedfromCube.(Package:sauerbraten)
(Server:sauerbratenserver)
Nexuiz(http://www.alientrap.org/nexuiz/)anopensourcemultiplayerfirstpersonshootergamewithfreeserversandtournaments.
(Package:nexuiz)(Server:nexuizserver)A35mapaddoncommunitypackisalsoavailablehere
(http://www.alientrap.org/nexuiz/downloads.php).Toinstallit,extractthemappackto/home/usernome/.nexuiz/data(or~/.nexuiz/data).
Note:Manyofthesegamesrequireadvancedgraphics.Makesureyouhavethenecessaryhardwaredriversactivated.
UrbanTerror
UrbanTerror(http://www.urbanterror.net)isamultiplayerfirstpersonshooteractiongame(withanintegratedserver).Itusestheopensource
quake3engineandfeaturesmanyrealweaponsandfreetouseserversformultiplayerfunctionality."Notrecommendedforadolescentsin
Germany."Downloadandinstallthebinaryusingtheseinstructions(http://www.urbanterror.info/docs/texts/110/).
Doom
Skulltag,ZDoom(http://zdoom.org/wiki/Compile_ZDoom_on_Linux),andPrBoom(Freedoom)areversionsofDoom2.ForDoom3,see
Doom3onUbuntu(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Doom3).
Skulltag
Skulltag(http://skulltag.net/wiki/Installation_for_Ubuntu)isanupdatedversionofZDoom(http://zdoom.org/wiki/Compile_ZDoom_on_Linux)
thatincludesnetworkplay.Seethewebsite(http://skulltag.net/wiki/Installation_for_Ubuntu)forsimple(K)Ubuntuinstallationinstructions.(You
canusetheFreedoomIwad(seebelow)ifyoudon'thaveanoriginalDoom2.wad.)Note:Mostofthemodulesrequiredependenciesfromthe
Universerepositories.MakesureyouhavetheUniverserepositoriesenabled(SynapticPackageManager>Settings>Repositories>Edit
SoftwareSources>CommunitymaintainedOpenSourcesoftware(universe)>(ticked)).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ t1n1d1ty t1n1d1ty-1htefaces-exta
Thenaddtheskulltagrepositories,update,andinstallSkulltagandDoomSeeker(theSkulltagonlineserverutility):
echo "deb http.77skuJJtag.het7doWhJoad7f1Jes7eJease7deb7 auhty nuJt1vese" | sudo tee 7etc7apt7souces.J1st.d7skuJJtag.J1st
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ skuJJtag doonseeke-skuJJtag
Ifyoudon'thaveadoom2.wad,tnt.wad,orplutonia.wadalready,youcancopythefreedoom.wadtoyour~/.skulltagfolder:
cd ~7.skuJJtag
Wget http.77n1o.c1hqu1x.con7pub7savahhah7feedoon7feedoon-1Wad7feedoon-1Wad-u..4.z1p
uhz1p feedoon-1Wad-u..4.z1p
cp feedoon*7doon2.Wad .
n feedoon-1Wad-u..4.z1p
Ifyouneedmorehelp(regardingtheSkulltagserver,firewalls,andportforwardingwithSkulltag,forexample),seetheseadditionaltips.
Skulltagrunsonanyplatform,withanygraphics,andonalmostanycomputer.Therearethousandsofaddons,maps,andgameplay
modes,givinganearlyendlessvarietyofgameplay.Theinterfacemakesobtainingandplayingthemodificationsveryeasy.Thisismy
favoritegameofalltime(andIhavebeenplayingitforyears).
PrBoom
PrBoom(http://prboom.sourceforge.net/)isafreeopensourceportoftheoriginalfirstpersonshooteractiongame,Doom2
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doom_II).ItdoesnothavetheadvancedoptionsofZDoom.FreedoomisafreeIwad(setofmaps)toreplacethe
originalDoom2.wad.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pboon feedoon t1n1d1ty t1n1d1ty-1htefaces-exta
Therearethousandsofextramaps(Wads)(http://www.doomworld.com/10years/bestwads/)availableforthisgame.Itiseasiesttokeepa
directoryforyourwadsinyourhomedirectory:
nkd1 7hone7user7Wads
oralternatively,usethe/usr/share/games/doomfolder,givinguniversalprivilegestothefolder:
chnod -R 777 7us7shae7ganes7doon
Placeyourdoom2.wad,tnt.wad,orplutonia.wad(fromyouroriginalgame)intothisfolder.Ifyoudon'thaveone,youcancopytheFreedom
versionofdoom2.wadfrom/usr/share/games/freedoomintothisfolder.Placeanynew.wad'syouhavedownloadedfromtheInternetintothis
folderaswell.Thenrunthegameusingboththeoriginaliwadmapaswellasyournew.wadmap(youwillonlyseethenewmap).
pboon -1Wad 7hone7user7Wads7doon2.Wad -f1Je 7hone7user7Wads7newwad.Wad
Note:Onlydoom2.wad,tnt.wad,orplutonia.wadcanbeusedasaniwad.Youmusthaveoneoftheseinadditiontoanynewwadyouwishto
use.Whenindoubt,usedoom2.wad.
Note:thisgamecanalsobeinstalledusingMenu>Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter>GamesasFreedoom,butyoumustalso
installtimidityandtimidityinterfacesextra.
MMORPG
Spring
TheSpringProject(http://spring.clansy.com/)isascriptingengineplatformtodevelopandplayfreemultiplayergamessuchasStarWars
ImperialWinter(http://www.imperialwinter.com/)andCompleteAnnihilation(http://spring.clan
sy.com/wiki/Complete_Annihilation#Introduction).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sp1hg
Regnum Online
RegnumOnlineMMPORG(http://www.regnumonline.com.ar/index.php?sec=6&l=1)seebasicinstallationinstructions
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=615246)andthehelpforum(http://www.regnumonline.com.ar/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=15)as
needed.
PlaneShift
PlaneShift(http://www.planeshift.it/)isafreefullimmersiononlinefantasygame(MMPORG).Clientdownloadsandpatchesareavailablehere
(http://www.planeshift.it/download.html).
Makethedownloadedbinaryinstallationfileexecutable:
cd drec!orywheredownJoaded
chnod +x PJahe5h1ft-vu.5.4-x4.b1h
Runtheexecutablebinaryasroot(thismustbedonefromthecommandlineTerminal):
sudo .7PJahe5h1ft-vu.5.4-x4.b1h
Followtheinstructionsforinstallation.Whenpromptedwhethertomanuallysetpermissions,answer"no."
Duringinstallation,mostusershaverecommendedinstallingthisgametoyour/homedirectoryasasingleuserinstallation,insteadofto
/optforallusers.Thisavoidspermissionsproblems.Iwasabletoinstallto/opt,butittakessomeeffort.
Makesureyouruserbelongstothegamesgroup:
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>user>ManageGroups>qomes>Properties>GroupMembers>user
(ric|eJ)>OK
RegisterforafreeaccountatPlaneShiftRegistration(http://www.planeshift.it/register.html).
Ifyouinstalledthegametothemenu,itwillbein
Menu>Applications>Lost&Found>ClientandSetup
Torunitfromthemenu,Ihadtoeditthemenuentriesbycheckingthebox:"Runinterminal."Alternatively,runitfromthecommandline
Terminal:
sudo 7opt7PJahe5h1ft7pssetup
sudo 7opt7PJahe5h1ft7pscJ1eht
Notes:Thisgameranveryslowlyformeona32bitinstallationwithaDSLconnectionandIgaveup.The64bitinstallationworkedbetter.
Dolphin (Wii emulator)
TheDolphinemulator(http://code.google.com/p/dolphinemu/)isanopensourcecrossplatformWiiemulatorthatallowsmanyWiigamedisks
toberunonmanyoperatingsystems.(WhethertheWiiNetflixdiskwillrunundertheDolphinemulatorhasnotyetbeenestablished.)(The
DolphinemulatorhasnorelationshiptotheKDEDolphinfilemanager).Installationinstructionsarehere(http://code.google.com/p/dolphin
emu/wiki/Linux_Build).
Internet Applications
InternetapplicationsenableyoutomakefulluseofyourInternetconnection.Webbrowsers,Emailclients,InstantMessengers,andmoreare
includedinthiscategory.
Web Browsers
Mozilla Firefox
MozillaFirefox(http://www.mozilla.com/enUS/)istheubiquitouswebbrowser.Basedonopensourcecomponents,itistrademarkedand
cannotbealteredorredistributedwithanychangethatinvolvesthenameortrademarks.Installthecurrentversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ f1efox
Firefox Plug-ins
Adblock Plus plug-in (block ads in a web page)
AdblockPlus(http://adblockplus.org/en/)blocksadsthatappearinwebpages.Youcansubscribetoafreefilterservice,andcanaddadstoblock
withasingleclick.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xuJ-ext-adbJock-pJus
YoucanalsoaddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>SearchAllAddons>AdBlockPlus.(Thismethod
willalsoensurethatautomaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
Noscript plug-in (controls scripts)
TheNoscript(http://noscript.net/)pluginisconsideredoneofthemostimportantsecuritymeasuresforbrowsingtheInternet.Mostvirusesand
trojansgainaccesstocomputersfromtheInternetthroughscripts.Thispluginallowsyoutochoosewhichscriptstoallowandblockstherest.
AddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>SearchAllAddons>Noscript.(Thismethodwillalsoensure
thatautomaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
RefreshBlocker plug-in (prevents redirects)
RefreshBlocker(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/refreshblocker/)allowstheusertodecidewhichwebsites(andpages)willbe
allowedtoredirect(basedonMETAtagswithinthewebpage).AlthoughFirefox(asofversion3.5)blocksalldirectsbydefault,thebehavioris
notcustomizableitisthereforepreferabletoturnofftheFirefoxredirectcontrolanduseRefreshBlockerinstead.
AddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>SearchAllAddons>RefreshBlocker.(Thismethodwillalso
ensurethatautomaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
TurnofftheFirefoxautomaticredirectblocker:
Firefox>Enterobour:con[iqinthebrowserlocationbar>riqnr-clic|on"accessibility:blockautorefresh">Toggletochangethevalue
fromrrueto[olse
User Agent Switcher plug-in for Firefox
TheUserAgentSwitcher(http://chrispederick.com/work/useragentswitcher/)pluginallowsabrowsertomasqueradeasanotherbrowser,
allowing(mostofthetime)browserspecificcontenttobedisplayed.
YoucanaddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>SearchAllAddons>UserAgentSwitcher.(This
methodwillalsoensurethatautomaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
Video DownloadHelper plug-in for Firefox
TheVideoDownloadHelper(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/3006)pluginallowsthedownloadofvideos(includingFlash
videos)fromsiteslikeYouTube.
YoucanaddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>SearchAllAddons>VideoDownloadHelper.(This
methodwillalsoensurethatautomaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
Unplug Download Management
TheUnPlug(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/2254)addonletsyousavevideoandaudiowhichisembeddedonawebpage.
YoucanaddthisextensionfromFirefox>Tools>Addons>GetAddons>BrowseAllAddons.(Thismethodwillalsoensurethat
automaticupdatesareinstalledbyFirefox.)
Lucifox (eBook reader extension)
Lucifox(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/lucifox/)(LucidorforFirefox)enablesebookstobereadandebookcatalogstobe
browsedinaFirefoxwindow.
Toinstall,gotothewebsiteandclick"DownloadNow."
3ava Runtime Environment (3RE) for Firefox plug-in
ThispackagealsoinstallstheJavaRuntimeEnvironment.(JREisalsoinstalledwhenOpenOfficeorubunturestrictedextrasisinstalled.)
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ suh-ava-e suh-ava-pJug1h
Note:Youmustacceptthelicensetousethisproduct.
Adobe Acrobat Reader for Firefox Plug-in
ThispluginisallowsyoutoviewAdobeAcrobat(PDF)fileswithintheFirefoxbrowser.
ReadAddExtraKubuntuRepositoriesandenabletheOneiricpartnerrepository:
deb http.77ach1ve.cahoh1caJ.con7ubuhtu ohe11c pathe
theninstallAdobeReader:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ acoead
Alternatively,thispluginisalsoavailablefromtheMedibunturepository.AddtheMedibunturepositorytoyourrepositorylist:
theninstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ acoead noz1JJa-acoead acoead-pJug1hs acoead-fohts
Adobe Flash Player for Firefox Plug-in
ToinstalltheofficialAdobeFlashplugin(Flash10)forFirefox:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ adobe-fJashpJug1h
Gnash Plug-in (Open source Flash Player replacement)
Gnash(http://www.gnashdev.org/)isavailableina64bitversionaswellasa32bitversion.ItistheopensourcereplacementforAdobe
Flashplayer.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghash
Afterinstalling,changeyourwebbrowser'sPreferences>ApplicationssothatSWFandSPLfilesuseGnash.
VLC plug-in for Firefox
ThispackageallowsthepopularVLCplayertoplaymediawithintheFirefoxbrowser.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ noz1JJa-pJug1h-vJc
Gecko MediaPlayer Plug-in for Firefox
GeckoMediaPlayer(http://kdekorte.googlepages.com/geckomediaplayer)isabrowserpluginforallGeckobasedbrowsers(Firefox,
SeaMonkey,IceApe,Opera)thatallowsMplayertoplaymultimediawithinthebrowser.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gecko-ned1apJaye
AnalternativeistousethemplayerpluginforFirefox.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ noz1JJa-npJaye
Kaffeine Plug-in for Firefox
ThispackageallowstheKaffeinemediaplayer(oftenusedinKDEbaseddesktops)toplaymultimediawithintheFirefoxbrowser.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kaffe1he-noz1JJa
Helix player plug-in for Firefox
ThispackageinstallstheHelixplayer(https://helixcommunity.org/)(theopensourceplayerthatplaysRealPlayercontentinLinux)aswellas
thepluginthatplaysRealMediawithintheFirefoxbrowser.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ noz1JJa-heJ1x-pJaye
Moonlight plugin for Firefox
Moonlight(http://www.gomono.com/moonlight/)ispartoftheNovellMonoprojectthatisanopensourceimplementationofSilverlight(the
Microsoftmultimediapresentationplatform).ItisbasedonFFMpeg.ItismadetoworkbestwiththeFirefox3webbrowser,asaplugin(butalso
workswithothermozillabrowsers).Version2.3isavailableasapluginformozillabasedbrowsers:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ noohJ1ght-pJug1h-noz1JJa
Thestableversion2.4isavailablehere(http://www.gomono.com/moonlight/stable.aspx).TheMoonlight3.99plugin(compatiblewith
mostSilverlight3/4content)ishere(http://www.gomono.com/moonlight/prerelease.aspx).
NetflixunderMoonlight
NetflixstreamingrequiresboththecapabilitiesofSilverlight2.0andDigitalRightsManagementmodules.Althoughthecurrentversionof
Moonlight2.0willrunmostSilverlightcontent(includingNetflixcontent),NetflixhasnotyetreleasedDigitalRightsManagement
modulesforLinux.PleasecontactNetflix(http://www.netflix.com/ContactUs)directlyforfurtherinformationorsignapetition
(http://www.petitiononline.com/Linflix/).
AnHTML5Netflixplugin(currentlybeingdevelopedbyGooglefortheChromebrowser)maysoonbeavailable.Another
alternativeistheNetflixAndroidappwhichcanbeusedinavirtualAndroidenvironment.
FireFTP for Firefox
FireFTP(http://fireftp.mozdev.org/)isaFirefoxextensionforFTPtransfers.
Firefox Widgets
Turn off browser bar drop-down list in Firefox
ThisisthemostfrequentlyaskedproblemregardingFirefox.Toturnoffthelocationbrowserbardropdownlist
(http://kb.mozillazine.org/Browser.urlbar.maxRichResults)(andthereforenotshowyourbrowsinghistory):
Firefox>about:config(inthelocationbrowserbar)>browser.urlbar.maxRichResults>riqnr-clic|>Modify>setvalueto0
IceCat
IceCat(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_IceCat)isFirefoxdistributedwithouttheMozillatrademarkrestrictions.ItisendorsedbytheDebian
project(onwhichUbuntuisbased).ItisformerlyknownasIceWeaselandisalsoknownasIceApeBrowser.Installthecurrentversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1ceape-boWse
SeaMonkey
SeaMonkey(http://www.seamonkeyproject.org/)isanopensourceintegratedinternetapplicationsuite(includingwebbrowser,IM(IRC)client,
Emailclient,RSS/Newsreader,andwebdevelopmenttools).ItisbasedonthesamecomponentsastheMozillaproductsandsharesthe
trademarkandbrandingrestrictions.Therearemanyplugins(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/seamonkey/),similartothoseforThunderbird
andFirefox.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ seanohkey
IceApe
IceApe(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_conflict_between_Debian_and_Mozilla)isanopensourceintegratedinternetapplicationsuite
(includingwebbrowser,IM(IRC)client,Emailclient,RSS/Newsreader,andwebdevelopmenttools).Itisbasedonthesamecomponentsas
theMozillaproductSeaMonkey,buthasnorestrictivetrademarklicensing,andisendorsedbytheDebianproject(onwhichUbuntuisbased).
Installthecurrentversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1ceape
Opera
Opera(http://www.opera.com/)isaproprietarybrowserandinternetsuite(currentlyfreeonPCs)alsousedinsomemobiledevicesandgaming
consoles.Itincludesemail,anaddressbook,IRCchat,integratedBitTorrent,andwebfeeds.Alimitednumberofpluginsarealsoavailable.
Download(http://www.opera.com/browser/download/)fromthewebsiteandfollowtheinstructionsorinstallfromtheOperarepository:
echo "deb http.77deb.opea.con7opea7 stabJe hoh-fee" | sudo tee 7etc7apt7souces.J1st.d7opea.J1st
Wget -u - http.77deb.opea.con7ach1ve.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opea
Chromium
Chromium(http://dev.chromium.org/)istheopensourcebrowseronwhichtheGoogleChromebrowserisbased.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ chon1un-boWse
StartChromium:
Menu>Applications>Internet>ChromiumWebBrowser
Google Chrome
GoogleChrome(http://www.google.com/chrome)isGoogle'swebbrowser.BasedontheChromiumbrowser,GoogleaddstheGooglename
andlogo,anautoupdatersystemcalledGoogleUpdate,RLZ,andotherGoogleaddons.Downloadandinstallithere
(http://www.google.com/chrome/eula.html).
Download Managers
MultiGet
MultiGet(http://multiget.sourceforge.net/)isaGTKbasedfreestandingdownloadmanagerutility.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nuJt1get
Usenet Clients
Pan
Pan(http://pan.rebelbase.com/)isaGnomebasedUsenet(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet)readerandnzb(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzb)
binarydownloader.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pah
Kwooty
Kwooty(http://kwooty.sourceforge.net/)isaUsenet(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet)readerandnzb(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nzb)
binarydownloaderforKDE4.InstallationinstructionsfromsourceorPPArepositoriesareatthewebsite.
Email Clients
Evolution
Evolution(http://projects.gnome.org/evolution/)isthedefaultGnomebasedemailclientinUbuntu.Ifnotinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ evoJut1oh
Evolution and PGP
EmailmessagescanbeencryptedinPGPandsentbyemailusingEvolution.Seethistutorial(http://support.real
time.com/linux/email/client/evolutionpgp.html)foranexamplehowtoconfigureit.
Thunderbird
MozillaThunderbird(http://www.mozilla.com/enUS/thunderbird/)isalicensedandtrademarkedfreeopensourceemailclientthatiscompatible
withFirefox.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ thuhdeb1d
Lightning calendar extension
Lightning(http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar/lightning/)isthecalendarextensionforThunderbird(withfunctionalitysimilartothestand
aloneapplicationSunbird).Itiscurrentlyavailableina32bitversiononly.(Ifusinga64bitOS,installtheSunbirdcalendarclientinstead.)
InstallbyclickingontheLinuxdownloadatthewebsite.
Enigmail
Enigmail(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/thunderbird/addon/71)isanaddontoThunderbirdthatallowsyoutoeasilyencryptyouremailusing
OpenPGP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy),whichisincludedinthekernelbydefault.Italsoallowsyoutocreateand
managetheencryptionkeys.Gothewebsiteandclick"DownloadNow".(64bitversionsarefoundhere
(http://enigmail.mozdev.org/download/downloadstatic.php.html).)Install:
Thunderbird>Tools>Addons>Install>selectdownloadedfile
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ eh1gna1J
AlsoseethesetipsforinstructionsonsettingupemailwithPGPencryption.
New Mail Icon for Thunderbird
"NewMailIcon"(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/thunderbird/search?q=new+mail+icon&cat=all)isanexperimentaltrayaddonwhichnotifes
youofnewmail.Downloadfromthewebsite.Install:
Thunderbird>Tools>Addons>Install>selectdownloadedfile
KMail
KMail(http://kontact.kde.org/kmail/)(KontactMail)isthedefaultemailclientincludedwithKontactinKDE(Kubuntu).Kontactincludesemail,
anaddressbook,acalendar,reminders,popupnotes,alinktotheAkregatorNews/RSSreader,timetracking,andmore.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kohtact
Newsreaders
Akregator
Akregator(http://akregator.kde.org/)isthedefaultnews/RSS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)readerincludedwithKubuntu(KDE).Usage
instructionsarefoundintheHandbook(http://akregator.kde.org/wiki/index.php/Handbook).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ akegato
RSSOwl
RSSOwl
RSSOwl(http://www.rssowl.org/)isaJavabasedRSS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)|RDF|AtomNewsfeedReader.
Installjavaandinordertousetheinternalbrowser,installthepackagesxulrunnerandfirefox:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ suh-ava-e f1efox xuJuhhe
Changetoyour"opt"directory:
cd 7opt
Downloadtheziparchiveintoyouroptdirectory:
sudo Wget http.77doWhJoads.soucefoge.het7ssoWJ7ssoWJ-2.u..J1hux.z1p
Extractthearchiveandremovetheextractedfile:
sudo uhz1p .7ssoWJ-2.u..J1hux.z1p 88 sudo n .7ssoWJ-2.u..J1hux.z1p
Makeastartscript:
sudo ged1t 7us7b1h7uhR55uWJ.sh
addthefollowinglinestoyourstartscriptfile/usr/bin/runRSSOwl.shandsaveitafterwards.
#!7b1h7bash
cd 7opt7ssoWJ
.7R55uWJ
Makethestartscriptexecutable:
sudo chnod u+x 7us7b1h7uhR55uWJ.sh
TostartRSSOwl:
uhR55uWJ.sh
Instant Messengers
Empathy
Empathy(http://live.gnome.org/Empathy)isanopensourceIMapplication.ItisthedefaultintheUbuntu(Gnome)desktop.Youcanaccess
multipleserviceswithit.Ifnotalreadyinstalled,youcaninstallit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ enpathy
Pidgin
Pidgin(http://www.pidgin.im/)isanopensourceIMapplication.ItisthepreviousdefaultintheUbuntu(Gnome)desktop.Youcanaccess
multipleserviceswithit.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p1dg1h
Kopete
Kopete(http://kopete.kde.org/)isthedefaultInstantMessengerapplicationforKubuntu.Youcanaccessmultipleserviceswithit.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kopete
Kopete Styles
AdditionalstylesforKopete(http://www.kdelook.org/index.php?xcontentmode=24x26)areavailablefromKDElook.Installfrom:
AdditionalstylesforKopete(http://www.kdelook.org/index.php?xcontentmode=24x26)areavailablefromKDElook.Installfrom:
Kopete>Settings>Configure>ChatWindow>Style>GetNew...
GoogleTalk on Kopete
KopetecanbeconfiguredtoworkwithGoogleTalk(http://www.google.com/talk/about.html)InstantMessaging(butnotVOIP)usingtheJabber
protocol.SeetheseGoogleTalkinstructions(http://www.google.com/support/talk/bin/answer.py?answer=57557).
Konversation (IRC client)
Konversation(http://konversation.kde.org/)isthedefaultKubuntuInternetRelayChat(IRC)client.ItfunctionssimilartothevenerablemIRC.
"AlittlelessactionandalittlemoreKonversation."ElvesInstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kohvesat1oh
aMSN
aMSNisanMSNMessengerutilitythatfunctionsliketheoriginalclient.ItisalternativetoPidginforMSNusers.Installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ansh
ToenableDragandDropcapabilitiestoaMSNforeasyfiletransferseeUbuntuGeek(http://www.ubuntugeek.com/howtoenabledragand
dropcapabilitiestoamsn.html).
Emesene
Emesene(http://www.emesene.org/)isanMSNmessengerclientthatusesasimplifiedinterfacesimilartotheoriginalclient.Itisalternativeto
PidginforMSNusers.Installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ enesehe
FTP Clients
YoumightwishtouseadedicatedFTP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol)clientinsteadoftheoneinyourbrowser.
Filezilla
Filezilla(http://filezillaproject.org/)istheubiquitousfreeopensourceFTPclientandserverforallplatforms.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ f1Jez1JJa
Filesharing / P2P
Donotsharecopyrightedmaterialorcontentthatisotherwiseillegaltoshare.
Transmission (BitTorrent Client)
TransmissionistheGTKbaseddefaultBitTorrent(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protocol))clientinUbuntu(Gnome).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ tahsn1ss1oh
KTorrent
KTorrent(http://ktorrent.org/)isthedefaultBitTorrentclientinKubuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ktoeht
Besuretohaveyourfirewallportsopen(bydefault6881and4444).
Azureus
Azureus(http://azureus.sourceforge.net/howto_linux.php)isaJavabasedBitTorrentclient.
Azureus(http://azureus.sourceforge.net/howto_linux.php)isaJavabasedBitTorrentclient.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ azueus
QTorrent
QTorrentisaPyQTbasedBitTorrentClientthatissupposedtobeveryfast.
QTorrent(http://thegraveyard.org/qtorrent.php)
Apollon (P2P Filesharing)
Apollon(http://apollon.sourceforge.net/index.html)isanolderBitTorrentclientorientedtowardsKDE.Itusespluginsforcompatibilitywith
multiplenetworks.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ apoJJoh g1ft
MLDonkey (P2P eMule/eDonkey2000)
MLDonkeyisaP2Pfilesharingprogram(andnetwork)thatisabletousedifferentnetworkprotocols.ToinstalltheMLDonkeycoreserver,
followtheseinstructions(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MLDonkey).
MLDonkey GUI frontends
InstalltheGnomeGUIfrontendforMLDonkey:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nJdohkey-gu1
AnotherGUIiscalledSancho(http://sancho.awardspace.com/).
KMLDonkey(http://extragear.kde.org/apps/kmldonkey/)istheKDE(Kubuntu)frontendforMLDonkey
(http://mldonkey.sourceforge.net/Main_Page).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ knJdohkey
Videoconferencing and VOIP
VideoconferencingandvoiceoverInternet(VOIP)applicationsaremergingintointegratedapplications.Mostoftheseapplicationsnowallow
placingcallstononInternetbasedtelephonesforasmallfee.
Ekiga
FormerlyknownasGnomemeeting,Ekiga(http://www.gnomemeeting.org/)isaSIPcompliantfullyfunctionalopensourceintegratedVOIPand
videoconferencingprogram.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ek1ga
Skype
Skype(http://www.skype.com/)isaproprietaryintegratedVOIPandvideoconferencingprogramsimilartoEkiga.Alsoseeinstructionsonhow
torecordSkypeconversations(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SkypeRecordingHowto).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1bqt4-dbus J1bqt4-hetWok J1bqt4-xnJ
Togetthemostrecentversion,downloadandinstallthe32bitversion:
Wget -u skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb http.77WWW.skype.con7go7getskype-J1hux-beta-ubuhtu-32
sudo dpkg -1 skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb
sudo n skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb
Inthepast.someusershavenotedthattheycannotgettheirmicrophoneinputstoworkwithanyversionlaterthan2.1.0.47.They
installed:
Wget -u skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb http.77doWhJoad.skype.con7J1hux7skype-deb1ah2.1.u.47-113B.deb
sudo dpkg -1 skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb
or
Wget -u skype-ubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb http.77doWhJoad.skype.con7J1hux7skype-ubuhtu-1htep1d2.1.u.47-1and4.deb
sudo dpkg -1 skype-ubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb
sudo n skype-ubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb
How to install Skype on a 64-bit system
ThecurrentversionofSkypefor64bitsystemsisamasqueraded32bitmodule.Touseona64bitsystemyoumightstillneedtoinstallthe
neededpackages:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1a32-J1bs J1b32asouhd2 J1bqt4-coe J1bqt4-gu1
ThendownloadandinstallthecurrentSkype.debpackagefromtheSkypewebsite:
Wget -u skypeubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb http.77WWW.skype.con7go7getskype-J1hux-beta-ubuhtu-4
sudo dpkg -1 skype-ubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb
sudo n skype-ubuhtu-cuehtand4.deb
Ifthe64bitversiondoesn'tworkforyou,usethe32bitversion:
Wget -u skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb http.77WWW.skype.con7go7getskype-J1hux-beta-ubuhtu-32
sudo dpkg -1 --foce-ach1tectue skype-ubuhtu-cueht13B.deb
Installing Skype repository
ItispossibletoinstallSkypebyaddingtherepositoryandinstallingfromthere.Thishasanadvantageofmaintainingupdatesautomatically.
Installtherespositorysecuritykey.(Thisrequiresanopenport11371inyourfirewallforthekeyserver.)
sudo apt-key adv --keyseve pgp.n1t.edu --ecv-keys uxdb74e
AddtheSkyperepository,update,andinstallSkype:
echo "deb http.77doWhJoad.skype.con7J1hux7epos7deb1ah7 stabJe hoh-fee" | sudo tee -a 7etc7apt7souces.J1st > 7dev7huJJ
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ skype
Wengophone
Wengophone(http://www.wengophone.com/index.php/mp_download_wp_lin)isanintegratedVOIPandvideoconferencingclientavailableon
manyplatforms.WengophonewasinitiallyanopensourceGPLlicensedpackage('WengophoneClassic').BoththeClassicversion(availableas
a.debfile)andthecurrentproprietarybinaryversionareavailablefromthewebsite.WengophoneClassichasnowbeenrebrandedasQuteCom
(http://www.qutecom.org/),however.ToinstallthecurrentversionasanUbuntu/Kubuntupackage,seetheseinstructions
(https://edge.launchpad.net/~cavedon/+archive/ppa).
DownloadandinstalltheolderWengophoneClassicversion(.debpackage):
Wget http.77doWhJoad.Wehgo.con7Wehgophohe7c7Wehgophohe-u.95Bn-1.13B.deb
dpkg -1 --foce-ach1tectue Wehgophohe-u.95Bn-1.13B.deb
GizmoS
Gizmo5(http://www.gizmo5.com)isanInternetsoftphoneapplication,similartoSkype,thatusestheSIPprotocol.Install(.debpackage):
Wget http.77doWhJoad.g1zno5.con7u1znouoWhJoad7g1zno-poect3.1.u.79J1bstdc++13B.deb
dpkg -1 --foce-ach1tectue g1zno-poect3.1.u.79J1bstdc++13B.deb
Asterisk VOIP PBX system
Asterisk(http://www.asterisk.org/)isanenterprisegrade,freeopensourcePBXandtelephonysystemforVOIP.
Asterisk(http://www.asterisk.org/)isanenterprisegrade,freeopensourcePBXandtelephonysystemforVOIP.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ aste1sk
Kiax
Kiax(http://www.kiax.org/)isanLGPLlicensedopensourceIAX(InterAsteriskeXchange)application.ItisusedformakingVoIPcallsfrom
anAsteriskPBX.Thecurrentversionmustbeinstalledfromsourcefiles.Seethewebsitefordownloadandinstallationinstructions,orseethis
UbuntuLaunchpadsite(https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/jaunty/+package/kiax).
OpenSIPS / OpenSER (SIP server)
OpenSIPS(http://www.opensips.org/)isanopensourceSIP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol)serverthatallows
connectionstobemadethroughtheInternetforVoIP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol),IM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaging),andothercommunicationsprotocols.WhiletherearemanypublicSIPservers,theseare
subjecttospoofing(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoofing_attack)andother"impersonation"problems.Acompanymaywishtohostitsown
SIPservertoavoidtheproblemsinherentinpublicserviceswhosetrustworthinesscannotbedetermined.OpenSIPSisthesuccessorto
OpenSER(http://packages.ubuntu.com/karmic/openser)(whichistheversionintherepositories).InstallOpenSER1.3.2fromtherepositories:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehse
Alternately,thenewestversionofOpenSIPScanbedownloadedasa.debpackagefromthewebsiteandinstalled.Installationandusage
instructionsareonthewebsite.
Web meetings
Webmeetingsoftwareallowsvideoconferencingamongmanyclients,withoneserverashost.
BigBlueButton
BigBlueButton(http://www.bigbluebutton.org/)isafreeopensourcechat/video/audioanddesktopsharingplatformsimilartoGoToMeeting,
WebEx,DimDimandsimilarproducts.DevelopedbyGoogleCode,itutilisesallopensourcemodules.AMoodleplugin
(http://www.dualcode.com/bigbluebutton/index.htm)isalsoavailable.Seetheseinstallationinstructions
(http://code.google.com/p/bigbluebutton/wiki/InstallationUbuntu)andtheseadditionaldetailedinstructions.
WebHuddle
WebHuddle(https://www.webhuddle.com/)isafree,opensourceJavabasedbrowserclient(andserver)forwebmeetings.Toinstalltheserver,
firstinstallprerequisites,includingJava,JBOSSApplicationServer,andxvfb.
sudo apt-get suh-ava-e bossas4 xvfb
Formoredetailsonsettingthisupin(K)Ubuntu,seethis.
Privacy
AninterestingperspectiveonInternetprivacytechniquescanbefoundhere(http://farid.hajji.name/blog/2009/06/20/circumventinginternet
censorship/).
PGP (Message Encryption)
PGP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy)(OpenPGPandGnuPG(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Privacy_Guard))isatool
toencryptyourmessages(suchasemail)tobeunlockedonlybysomeonewhohasakeytounlockit.
Enigmail with Thunderbird
ByfartheeasiestmethodforencryptingemailisusingtheEnigmailaddonfortheThunderbirdemailclient.ItcreatesPGPkeypairs,storesand
retrieveskeysfromkeyrings,andencryptsanddecryptsmessagesautomatically.
Seahorse
Seahorse(http://projects.gnome.org/seahorse/)istheGUIforGnometomanagethekeypairsandotheroptionsofGnuPG
Seahorse(http://projects.gnome.org/seahorse/)istheGUIforGnometomanagethekeypairsandotheroptionsofGnuPG
(http://www.gnupg.org/).ItcanalsomanageyourSSHkeys.Formoreinfoseethistutorial(http://ubuntututorials.com/2007/08/14/privacyand
encryptionwithpgpsigningandencryptingemailfiles/).Run:
Menu>Applications>Accessories>PasswordsandEncryptionKeys
Tor (Network Privacy)
Tor(http://www.torproject.org/)isaprojecttoallowprivacywhileusingtheInternetandtolimitusagetracking.Itroutesyourtrafficthrough
severalanonymousnodes,sothatyourusageappearstocomefromanIPotherthanyourown.(TherearealwaysriskswhenusingtheInternet
thatevenTorcannothelpwith,though.Readthis(http://www.torproject.org/download.html.en#Warning).)UsingTorcanslowdownyour
Internetusagesignificantly,dependingonhowmuchtrafficisbeingpassedthroughtheTornetwork(routinefilesharingorlargedownloadswill
alsosignificantlyreduceperformanceoftheTornetwork.)
InstallthePrivoxyhttpproxy:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p1voxy
InstallTorbyfollowingtheinstructionshere(https://www.torproject.org/docs/debian).Notethattheinstructionsrequireport11371on
yourfirewalltobeopentousethegpgkeyserver(anddownloadthekeyforthedebianpackage).ThenseetheTorinstallationguide
(http://www.torproject.org/docs/tordocunix.html)fordetails.
Formoreinstallationtips,seethispage.
Vidalia (Tor interface)
Vidalia(https://www.torproject.org/projects/vidalia.html)istherecommendedQt4basedGUIfrontendforTor.IfnotinstalledwithTor,install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ v1daJ1a
Torbutton (Firefox plug-in)
OnceTorisinstalledandrunningproperly,Torbutton(https://www.torproject.org/torbutton/)allowsyoutochoosewhethertouseFirefox
throughtheToranonymizingnetworkornot.Installthe.xpiextensiondirectlyfromthewebsite(https://www.torproject.org/torbutton/).
DNS Servers and Search engines
MostusersrelyontheDNS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System)serveroftheirISP(InternetServiceProvider).DNS
queriescanberecorded,however,andtheoreticallycorrelatedbyanISPtothedatatrafficto/fromauser'sIPaddressservicedbythatISP.
AsomewhatlesstrackablesolutionistouseaDNSservicethatdoesnotbelongtoyourISP.Thiscanbelongtoanyanothercommercial
ISPortoathirdpartyservicesuchasOpenDNS(http://www.opendns.com/),Comodo(http://www.comodo.com/securedns/),ScrubIT
(http://www.scrubit.com/),Google(http://code.google.com/speed/publicdns/)(thoughslightlylesssecureduetoGoogle'sowntracking
mechanisms),anotherfreeDNSservice(http://theos.in/windowsxp/freefastpublicdnsserverlist/),or(formaximumsecurity)a
publiclyavailableinternationalDNSserver(http://portforward.com/networking/dns.htm).Forexample,aVerizoncustomercouldusethe
AT&TDNSservers(http://www.whatsmydns.net/dns/usa/att.html)ortheOpenDNSservers.AnAT&Tcustomercoulduseoneofthe
Verizonservers(http://www.dslreports.com/faq/1591)ortheGoogleservers.ItisimportanttouseareliableDNSprovider,however,as
maninthemiddleDNSredirection(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maninthemiddle_attack)andDNScachepoisoning
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_cache_poisoning)attacksareincreasinglycommon.SticktooneofthemajorDNSservices(justnot
yourownISP'sDNSservice).
TheDNSserversettingcanbechangedintherouter'ssettings(recommended)orindividuallyforeachcomputer.Ifchangingonanindividual
computer,usetheNetworkManagerorWicdsettings,oredit/etc/resolv.confmanuallyandchangethenameserverstotheaddressesyoudesire
touse:
sudo ged1t 7etc7esoJv.cohf
Manysearchenginestrackyoursearchrequests(notablyGoogle,Bing,andYahoo)andkeeplogsofthesearchestheyreceivefromyour
IPaddress.DuckDuckGo.comisafilteredsearchenginethathasmadeitsreputationnotonlybypromisingnottotracksearches,butalso
byprovidingasecure(encrypted),Torcapableandanonymizedsearchportal.Pointyourbrowsertohttps://duckduckgo.com.Itcanbe
usedwithyourTorbuttonturnedon.
Manycensorship/filtering/trackingtechniques(thatusedeeppacketinspection
(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection))cannotbeusedwithsecure(SSL/TLS
(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security)encrypted)websites(denotedbynrrps://
(nrrps://secure.wi|imeJio.orq/wi|ipeJio/en/wi|i/HTTP_Secure) ).Usethemwheneverpossible.Forexample,usethesecureWikimedia
portal(https://secure.wikimedia.org/)forWikipedia(andotherWikimediaservices)insteadoftheinsecureportal(s).
portal(https://secure.wikimedia.org/)forWikipedia(andotherWikimediaservices)insteadoftheinsecureportal(s).
Manywebsiteskeeplogsofreferringhttpheaders(whichcanbecorrelatedwithcookiestotrackyourbrowsingactivities).Toturnoffthe
passageofreferralheadersinFirefox,seethisinfo(http://cafe.elharo.com/privacy/privacytip3blockrefererheadersinfirefox/).
Certificate verification
Certificateauthorities(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority)chargeafeetostoreandverifycertificates
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate).However,manywebsitesuseselfsignedcertificates
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfsigned_certificate)thatarenotregisteredwithanycertifyingauthority.Afreesystemofcertificate
"networknotaries"hasemergedcalledPerspectives(http://perspectivesproject.org/).Acertificate'svalidity(evenifselfsigned)canbe
checkedusingaFirefoxplugin(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/firefox/addon/perspectives/).Formoreinfoseethisarticle
(http://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/firefoxperspectives.html).
CAcert.org(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/CAcert.org)isafreecertifyingauthoritythatmaintainsweakcertificatesthat
arerecognizedbymanyopensourceoperatingsystems,butnotbyFirefoxormostbrowsers.(ForbrowsersthatdonotincludeCAcert.org
recognition,certificatesappeartobeselfsignedcertificates.)WhileDebianincorporatesCACert.org'srootcertificatebydefault,Ubuntu
derivativesdonot(Canonical(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Canonical_Ltd.)wasoriginallyfoundedwithfundsearned
fromThawte(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Thawte),acertifyingauthorityfoundedbyMarkShuttleworth
(https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth).)
Proprietary Extras
ProprietarysoftwarehelpsyoumaximizeyourInternetexperience,butisnotopensource.ThesoftwareavailableincludesMultimediaCodecs,
JavaRuntimeEnvironment,andpluginsforFirefox.
Restricted Extras
TheUbuntuRestrictedExtraswillinstallAdobeFlashPlayer,JavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE)(sunjavajre)withFirefoxplugins(icedtea),a
setofMicrosoftFonts(msttcorefonts),multimediacodecs(w32codecsorw64codecs),mp3compatibleencoding(lame),FFMpeg,extra
Gstreamercodecs,thepackageforDVDdecoding(libdvdread4,butseebelowforinfoonlibdvdcss2),theunrararchiver,odbc,andcabextract.
Italsoinstallsmultiple"stripped"codecsandavutils(libavcodecunstripped52andlibavutilunstripped49).Thisisasinglecommandapproach.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtu-est1cted-extas
Note:InstallationonlyworkscompletelyandproperlywhendonefromthecommandlineTerminal.Theentirepackagewillnotusuallyinstall
completelyfromwithinaPackageManager.
Photos and Graphics
Manageandedityourphotos,createstunning3Ddrawingsandgraphics,orconvertbetweenformats.
GIMP (Image Manipulator)
Gimp(http://www.gimp.org/)isapowerful,fullfeatured,freeopensourcegraphicsandimageeditor,similartoAdobePhotoshop.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ g1np
Thereisanextrasetofbrushes,palettes,andgradientsforTheGIMP.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ g1np-data-extas
Dia (Diagram editor)
Dia(http://live.gnome.org/Dia)isafreeopensourceGTKbaseddiagramcreationprogramforGnome.ItissimilartoVisio.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ d1a
Kivio (Diagram editor)
Kivio(http://www.koffice.org/kivio/)isanopensourceflowchartanddiagramcreationprogramthatispartoftheKOfficeSuiteforKDE.It
supportsDiastencils.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ k1v1o
Inkscape Vector Illustrator
InkscapeVectorIllustrator(http://www.inkscape.org/)isanopensourcedrawingprogramsimilartoIllustratorandCorelDraw.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1hkscape
Digikam (Photo Organiser)
Digikam(http://www.digikam.org)isacomprehensiveopensourcedigitalphotoorganiserandeditor.Installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ d1g1kan k1p1-pJug1hs d1g1kan-doc
F-spot (Photo Organiser)
Fspot(http://http://fspot.org/)isacomprehensiveopensourcedigitalphotoorganiserandeditorfortheGnomedesktop.Installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ f-spot
Google Picasa (Photo Organiser)
GooglePicasa(http://picasa.google.com/linux/)isaphotoeditorandorganisersimilartoDigikam.ItallowsuploadstoaGooglewebserverfor
onlineexchange.Formoreinfo,seethePicasaforLinuxFAQ(http://picasa.google.com/linux/faq.html).Aselfinstalling.debfileisavailableat
Picasa2.7downloads(http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html#picasa27).
Shotwell (Photo Organiser)
Shotwell(http://www.yorba.org/shotwell/)isanewphotoorganiserfortheGnomedesktop.Seetheseinstallationinstructions
(http://www.yorba.org/shotwell/install/).
Tesseract (Optical Character Reader)
Tesseract(http://code.google.com/p/tesseractocr/)isacommandlineopticalcharacterreader.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ tesseact-oc
Ocropus(http://code.google.com/p/ocropus/)isadocumentanalysisenginethatusesTesseract.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ocopus
Cuneiform (Optical Character Reader)
Cuneiform(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CuneiForm_(software))isanopticalcharacterreader.Install(multiverserepositoriesmustbeenabled):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ cuhe1fon
Pdfocr(https://launchpad.net/~gezakovacs/+archive/pdfocr)isatooltouseCuneiformforOCRandthentoaddtheresultingtextfile
layerbacktothePDFfiletomakeitsearchable.
YAGF (Cuneiform/Tesseract GUI)
YAGF(http://www.symmetrica.net/cuneiformlinux/yagfen.html)isaQtbasedGUIforCuneiform,Tesseract,and/orXSane.Installationcan
befromaDebian(.deb)packagefromGetDeb(http://www.getdeb.net/software/YAGF)(seetheseinstructions
(http://www.getdeb.net/updates/ubuntu/11.04/)aswell)orbycompilingfromsourcedownloadedfromtheoriginalsite
(http://symmetrica.net/cuneiformlinux/yagfen.html).(Qt4.7orlater,alreadytheversionwithOneiric,isrequiredonyoursystem).
Xsane (Scanning utility)
Xsane(http://www.xsane.org/)isafullfeaturedscanningutility.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xsahe
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xsahe
Gnome-Scan (Scanning Utility)
GnomeScan(http://projects.gnome.org/gnomescan/)isasimpleutilityforscanning(stillinalphastage).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghonescah
Gwenview (Image Manipulator)
Gwenview(http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/)isthequickimagemanipulatorinstalledbydefaultinKubuntu(Kmenu>Graphics>
GwenviewImageViewer).Simplecutandpaste,resizing,andformatconversionaresomeofthegraphicsfilesmanipulationsthatcanbe
accomplished.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gWehv1eW
OpenClipart (ClipArt Library)
OpenClipart(http://www.openclipart.org/)isautilitytoprovideaccesstoalargelibraryoffreeclipart.ItincludesautilityforOpenOffice
Gallery.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehcJ1pat
Screencasts and Desktop Recording
Severalutilitiesallowyoutocaptureyourdesktop(andthencreateascreencastfromit).
FFMPEG with x11grab
FFMPEGincludesx11grab,amoduleforscreencapture.Thismethodgivesthebestresultsforscreencapturesandisoneofthemostflexible
methods,allowingavarietyofaudioinputsandaudiovisualoutputformats.FFMPEGmustbeinstalledfirst(sudoaptgetinstallffmpeg).See
hereformoredetails.Inbrief,anexamplecommandtocapturetoan.avifileusingtheX264videocodecandlossless16bitsoundwouldbe:
ffnpeg -f aJsa -ac 2 -ab 192k -1 puJse -f x11gab -s 1u24x7B - 3u -1 .u.u -acodec pcns1Je -vcodec J1bx24 -vpe JossJessuJtafast -theads u 7hone7use7captuedv1deo.av1
recordMyDesktop (Desktop Session Recording)
recordMyDesktop(http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/about.php)isadesktoprecordingutility,whichhasbothpyGTKandapyQT4GUI
frontendsavailable.RecordingsaresavedinTheoravideo/Vorbisaudiofiles.OnlytheGtkversionisavailablefromtherepositories(butitworks
wellwithKDE/Kubuntunevertheless).ToinstallwiththegtkGUI:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gtk-ecodnydesktop
Using recordMyDesktop with PulseAudio
IfyouhavenotinstalledPulseAudioControlsandVolumeutility,theyareusefulformonitoringyourpulseaudiodevices:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pavucohtoJ papefs padevchoose
ChangetherecordMyDesktopsettingssothatthecapturedeviceistheoneyouselectthroughpulseaudio:
gtkrecordMyDesktop>SoundQuality(ticked)>Advanced>Sound>Device:pulse
ThissetsrecordMyDesktoptousewhicheverinputdevice(s)areselectedthroughpulseaudio.Ifyouhaveseveralinputdevices,allofthemwill
berecorded.Thisisaneasywaytomixinputs.
Istanbul (Desktop Session Recording)
Istanbul(http://live.gnome.org/Istanbul)isadesktoprecorderfortheGnomedesktop.ItrecordsyoursessionintoanOGGTheoravideofile.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1stahbuJ
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1stahbuJ
xvidcap (Desktop Session Recording)
xvidcap(http://xvidcap.sourceforge.net/)isautilitytocaptureyourdesktopasavideo.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xv1dcap
WebCamStudio
WebCamStudio(http://www.ws4gl.org/download/installingonubuntu)createsavirtualwebcamthatcanmixseveralvideosourcestogetherand
canbeusedforlivebroadcasting.Seethewebsiteforinstallationinstructions.
Wink (Presentation Editor)
Wink(http://www.debugmode.com/wink/)isaopensourcetutorialandpresentationeditor.Itallowsyoutocapturescreenshotsandusethemfor
presentations.Downloadthe.tar.gzsourcepackage,installusingtheseinstructions(http://www.bitsbythepound.com/installingwinkon64bit
ubuntu210.html),andfollowoneoftheuserguides(https://sites.google.com/a/debugmode.com/groups/wink/guidesandtipsonusingwink).
Wget -u W1hkcueht.ta.gz http.77WWW.d1g1taJ2b.con7n1oW1hk7W1hk15.ta.gz
Note:Winkisa32bitapplication.Ifyouarerunninga64bitsystem,makesureia32libsisinstalledfirst:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1a32-J1bs
Freeseer (Presentation capture)
Freeseer(http://wiki.github.com/fosslc/freeseer/)isautilitytocaptureoutputfromaprojectororotherdisplaydevice(includinganother
computer).Seetheseinstallationinstructions(http://github.com/fosslc/freeseer).
Screencast Demos
SeethisScreencastsection.
rtmpdump (Capture streaming video)
Rtmpdump(http://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu/)allowsthecaptureofmanytypesofstreamingvideo.Currentinstallationinstructionsareatthe
website.
Hereareoldinstallationinstructions:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bu1Jd-esseht1aJ check1hstaJJ J1bssJ-dev
Wget http.77tnpdunp.npJayehq.hu7doWhJoad7tnpdunp-2.3.tgz
ta xvf tnpdunp-2.3.tgz
cd tnpdunp-2.3
nake 5Y5=pos1x
sudo check1hstaJJ
sudo Jdcohf1g
Whenpromptedduringinstallation,namethepackagerrmpJump.
Video Applications
Capture,record,edit,andconvertvideousingtheseapplications.Alsoseethislist(http://openvideoalliance.org/wiki/index.php?
title=List_of_Open_Source_Video_Software)ofopensourcevideoapplications.Trivia:ThemovieAvatar
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_%282009_film%29)wascreatedatWetaDigitalonasupercomputercomprisedof4,000serversrunning
KubuntuLinux,coordinatedbytheopensourceSunGridEngine(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Grid_Engine).
OpenShot
OpenShot(http://www.openshotvideo.com/)isaGTKbasednonlinearvideoeditingsuiteforLinux.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehshot
PiTiVi (Non-linear Video Editing Suite)
PiTiVi(http://www.pitivi.org/)isasimple,limitedcapabilityopensourcevideoeditorthatwillbethedefaultinnewerversionsofUbuntu.It
usestheGStreamer/Fluendoframework.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p1t1v1
Avidemux (Video editor/processor)
Avidemux(http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/)isafree,GPLlicensedopensourcecrossplatformvideoeditorandprocessor.Usingmencoderasa
backend,itallowscropping,trimming,specialeffects,andconversionsbetweenmanyfiletypes(MPG/DVD,AVI,MP4,ASF).InstalltheGTK
basedversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ av1denux
Kino (Non-linear Video Editing Suite)
Kino(http://www.kinodv.org/)isawidelyusedGUIbasednonlinearvideoeditingsuiteforLinux.Itimportsvideofilesinto(andthenuses)the
DV(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DV)(DigitalVideo)formatforediting.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ k1ho npegtooJs
KdenLive (Non-linear Video Editing Suite for KDE)
Kdenlive(http://www.kdenlive.org/)isaGUIbasednonlinearvideoeditingsuiteforKDEbasedonFFmpegandtheMLTvideoframework.It
hastoolsforDV,video4linux,andscreencapture.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kdehJ1ve npegtooJs
Cinelerra (Non-linear Video Editing Suite)
CinelerraCommunityVersion(http://cinelerra.org/)isacompletehighendopensourcevideoeditingsuitethatisaderivativeofasimilar
commercialsystem.FollowtheinstallationinstructionsforUbuntu(http://cinelerra.org/getting_cinelerra.php#ubuntu).
LiVES (Video editor/processor)
LiVES(http://lives.sourceforge.net/)isafree,GPLlicenseopensourcevideoeditorandprocessorthatispromotedasbeingusefulforVJ
editors.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1ves
OpenMovieEditor
OpenMovieEditor(http://www.openmovieeditor.org/)isafree,opensourcemovieeditingprogramforbasicmoviemaking.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehnov1eed1to
Blender
Blender(http://www.blender.org/)isafreeGPLlicensed3Dgraphicsandmodelingtoolthathasbeenusedinseveralanimationprojects.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bJehde
Stopmotion (Animation)
Stopmotion(http://stopmotion.bjoernen.com/)isanopensourceprogramforcreatingstopmotionanimation.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ stopnot1oh
Animata (Animation)
Animata(http://animata.kibu.hu/)isaninteractiveanimation(similartoFlashvideo)designplatformthatusesthefltk(http://www.fltk.org/)
Animata(http://animata.kibu.hu/)isaninteractiveanimation(similartoFlashvideo)designplatformthatusesthefltk(http://www.fltk.org/)
libraries.ItisbuiltfromsourceusingtheSConspackage(whichisamo|ereplacement).
Makesureyouhavetheusualcomponentsforcompilingfromsourcecodeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1a32-J1bs bu1Jd-esseht1aJ J1hux-heades-${uhane -} gcc cnake gettext
Installthefltkandsconslibraries:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1bfJtk1.1 J1bfJtk1.1-dev scohs
Seethesedetails(http://animata.kibu.hu/doxygen/).Download(http://animata.googlecode.com/files/animata_004091218.tar.gz)the
Animatasourcecode,extract,andthenfromthedirectoryintowhichAnimatawasextractedrunscons:
scohs
Webcam Applications
Todisplayyourwebcamonyourscreen,takephotosfromit,ortocreateothereffects,installoneofthesewebcamapplications:
Cheese(http://projects.gnome.org/cheese/)(sudoaptgetinstallcheese)isaGnomebasedwebcamapplicationwithmanyoptions
andaresizablewindow.
Kamoso(http://kdeapps.org/content/show.php/Kamoso?content=111750)(sudoaptgetinstallkamoso)isaKDEbasedwebcam
application.
Camorama(http://camorama.fixedgear.org/index.php)(sudoaptgetinstallcamorama)isaGtkbasedwebcamapplicationthathas
beenaroundforyears.
Xawtv(http://git.linuxtv.org/xawtv4.git)(sudoaptgetinstallxawtv)isaGtkbasedapplication.BecausetheXawtvwindowcanbe
arrangedsothatonlythewebcamimageisshown,itismyfavoritewebcamdisplayforscreencasts.(Clickon"X"inthewindow
bar>Advanced>NoBorder(ric|eJ).)
AnyoftheseapplicationscanbeusedineitherUbuntuorKubuntu.
Audio Applications
Audacity (Audio Editor and Recorder)
Audacity(http://audacity.sourceforge.net/)istheleadingcrossplatformfreeopensource(GPLlicensed)audiorecorderandeditor.Itcanbeused
torecord,splice,edit,andmanipulatesoundfilessimilartotoolsfoundinrecordingstudios.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ audac1ty
Ardour (Digital Audio Workstation)
Ardour(http://ardour.org/)isafree,GTKbasedprofessionalgradedigitalaudioworkstationforhighendaudiomanipulationandmixing.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ adou
Rosegarden (Digital Audio Workstation)
Rosegarden(http://www.rosegardenmusic.com/)isamidi/audiointerfaceforsynthesizers,aswellasadigitalaudiostudioforrecording,editing,
andnotatingmusic.ItisoftenusedincombinationwithAudacity.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ osegadeh
Hydrogen (Drum synthesizer)
Hydrogen(http://www.hydrogenmusic.org/)isanadvanceddrummachineforLinux.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hydogeh
EasyTag (ID3 editor)
EasyTag(http://easytag.sourceforge.net/)isautilityforeditingtheID3tagsofmp3andothermusicfiles.Install:
EasyTag(http://easytag.sourceforge.net/)isautilityforeditingtheID3tagsofmp3andothermusicfiles.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ easytag
Run:
Applications>Sound&Video>EasyTAG
PuddleTag (ID3 editor)
PuddleTag(http://puddletag.sourceforge.net/)isacomprehensiveutilityforeditingtheID3tagsofmp3andothermusicfiles.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pythoh-qt4 pythoh-pypas1hg pythoh-nutageh pythoh-cohf1gob pythoh-nus1cba1hz2
Wget -u puddJetagcueht.deb http.77soucefoge.het7poects7puddJetag7f1Jes7puddJetagu.9.12-1aJJ.deb
sudo dpkg -1 puddJetagcueht.deb
UbuntuStudio (Ubuntu distribution customized for multimedia editing)
UbuntuStudio(http://ubuntustudio.org/)isanofficialderivativeofUbuntuthatprepackagesmanymultimediaeditingpackages.(Eachofthe
packagescanalsobeinstalledindependently.)SeethewebsiteforafulllistofthepremieraudiovisualsoftwarepackagesavailableforUbuntu
Linux.
Installalltheaudioapplications(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuStudio/PackageList)foundinUbuntuStudio:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtustud1o-aud1o
Installallthevideoapplications(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuStudio/PackageList)foundinUbuntuStudio:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtustud1o-v1deo
Installallthegraphicsapplications(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuStudio/PackageList)foundinUbuntuStudio:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtustud1o-gaph1cs
Audio / Video conversion
Here(http://maketecheasier.com/theultimateguidetomanageyouraudiovideofilesinlinux/2009/03/03)isanicereviewofsomeofthe
applicationsthatenablesconversionandhandlingofthesetypesoffiles.Somespecificexamplesandsuggestionsarehere.
FFMPEG video / audio conversion
FFMPEGistheswissarmyknifeofvideoandaudioformatconversion.Itsucceedswhennootherprogramcan.Itisfreeandopensource.Ifit
notyetinstalledonyoursystemaspartofanotherpackage(itisusedbymanyvideo/audioeditors),theninstallit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ffnpeg
Toconvertmanydifferentformats,readtheFFMPEGdocumentation(http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpegdoc.html).Alsoseethistutorial
(http://howtopages.org/ffmpeg/).
Example:ToconvertasavedFlashvideo(.flv)toanMPEG2formatplayableonaDVD,convert:
ffnpeg -1 sanpJevdeo.fJv -taget htsc-dvd sanpJevdeo.npg
ThenuseK3b(orGnomebaker)towritethempgfiletoaNewDVDDataProject.
ForPALusetargetpaldvd.Forwidescreen,usetargetfilmdvd.Forotherconversiontips,seethisforum
(http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t1006250.html).(Note:MostFlashvideohasverylowresolution,withascreensizeof
360x270,forexample.Youmayseeaslightdiminishmentinresolutionifyouwishtoconvertitto720x480(whichistheNTSC
standardsize)orotherscreensize.Youcankeeptheoriginalscreensizeandresolutionbyomittingthetargetparameter.)Ifyour
originalfileis16:9widescreenandyoudesirea4:3letterboxoutputforplayingonanoverscannedTV,youmayneedtopadthefile
sothatthewidescreenisnotcompressed(seethisforum(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1010648)):
ffnpeg -1 sanpJevdeo.fJv -taget htsc-dvd -s 4Bx34 -padJeft 3 -pad1ght 3 -padtop 5B -padbotton 5B sanpJevdeo.npg
YoucanalsousetheWinFFGUIandaddthecommand(asabove)asa"Preset,"forsubsequentuse.Forexample:
YoucanalsousetheWinFFGUIandaddthecommand(asabove)asa"Preset,"forsubsequentuse.Forexample:
Videoconverter(WinFF)>Edit>Presets>
PresetName:Letterbox>PresetLabel:16:9Widescreento4:3Letterbox
Presetcommand:targetntscdvds648x364padleft36padright36padtop58padbottom58
Ouputfileextension:mpg>Category:DVD
>Add/Update>Save
ToconverttoMPEG4(mp4)files,use
ffnpeg -1 sanpJevdeo.fJv ou!pu!vdeo.np4
FFMpegrequiresthatmultiplerestrictedextracodecsbeinstalled.ThiscanbedoneinasingleeasystepfromthecommandlineTerminal:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtu-est1cted-extas
FFMPEG GUI
WinFF(http://winff.org)isafree,GPLlicensedopensourceGUIfrontendforFFMPEG.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W1hff xten
Run:
Menu>Applications>Sound&Video>WinFF
3oin video segments
Individualvideosegments(MPEG2,forexample)caneasilybejoined:
cat sanpJevdeo1.npg sanpJevdeo2.npg sanpJevdeo3.npg > sanpJevdeo123.npg
YoucanthenwritetheresultingMPEG2filetoaDVDandplayitinmostDVDplayers.
Split a file into segments
Anyfilecanbesplit(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_%28Unix%29)intosegmentsusingtheLinuxcommand:
spJ1t -b 144uk nybgfJe
whichwillsplitmy_biq_[ileintoequalsegmentsofsize1440kb.
Mencoder
Mencoder(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html)ispartoftheMPlayer
(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/index.html)setoflibraries(thatalsousesseveraloftheFFMPEGlibraries)foraudio/visual
conversion.Someexamplesofusagearehere.
Save any streaming Flash video
AneasywayistoinstalltheVideoDownloadHelperpluginforFirefox.
Otherwise,mostFlashvideosdownloadtothe/tmpdirectorywhileyouwatchthevideo,creatingarandomlynamedvideofilethere(suchas
Flashuh4G6s).Whenyouclosethewebpage,thisfileinthe/tmpdirectorywillbeerased.Aftertheentirevideohasdownloaded,butbeforeyou
closethewebpage,copythatfile(suchasFlashuh4G6s)toyourhomedirectory(whereitwillnotbeerased).Ofcourse,forthistowork,you
mustchangeyourFlash(orGnash)settingstoallowanunlimitedbuffer.WhilewatchingyourFlashvideo,riqnr clic|tobringuptheFlash>
Settingswindow.SettheBufferto"Unlimited."
Onceyouhavecopiedthefile,renameitappropriatelywiththe.flvaddedtothefilename.YoucanthenwatchitusingVLCorMplayer.
Here(http://ihatehate.wordpress.com/2009/03/30/howtodownloadsavestreamingvideofromtheinternetusinglinux/)isanothermethodthat
involvesmakingasymboliclink.
Save rtmp / flv streams
flvstreamer(http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/flvstreamer)isacommandlineapplicationtodumprtmpstreams.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fJvsteane
Example(http://www.uluga.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1390764)ofusage:
fJvsteane - "tnp.77host7d17f1Je.fJv" -o f1Jehane.fJv
Ifyouseethefollowingthe"WARNING:Downloadmaybeincomplete,tryresume!"message,trytousetheresumeoption:
fJvsteane - "tnp.77host7d17f1Je.fJv" -o f1Jehane.fJv --esune
Convert Flash video audio to mp3
Onceyouhavedownloadedflashvideocontent(.flv)fromtheInternet(usingtheVideoDownloadHelperpluginforFirefox,forexample),the
audiocomponentcanbeconvertedtoanmp3usingthiscommand(fromthecommandlineTerminal).(Thiswillworkforanytypeofvideofile,
notjustFlash.)
ffnpeg -1 naneofvdeocJp.fJv -ab 1uk -ac 2 -a 441uu -vh naneoffJe.np3
whereiindicatestheinput,abindicatesthebitrate(inthisexample160kb/sec),vnmeansnovideoouput,ac2means2channels,ar44100
indicatesthesamplingfrequency.SeeFFMPEGdocs(http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpegdoc.html#SEC11)formoreinfo.
2ManDVD
2ManDVD(http://2mandvd.tuxfamily.org/)isaGUIutilityforcreatingDVDvideos.ItisthesuccessorofManDVD.Choosetheversionfor
yourarchitectureandinstallitfromthe2ManDVDwebsite(http://www.getdeb.net/app/2ManDVD).Clickonthedownloadlinkandselectto
openitwiththeGDebiPackageInstaller(default).(IfyouhavepreviouslyinstalledManDVDyoumustuninstallitfirst.)Forausagetutorial,
readthis2ManDVDguide(http://www.myguides.net/en/content/view/170/26/).
Run:
Menu>Applications>Sound&Video>2ManDVD
DeVeDe
DeVeDe(http://www.rastersoft.com/programas/devede.html)isaprogramtocreatevideoDVDsandCDssuitableforhomeplayers(i.e.VCD,
sVCDorCVD)fromanysourcevideofilethatissupportedbyMPlayer.ChoosetheversionforyourarchitectureandinstallitfromtheDeVeDe
website(http://www.getdeb.net/app/DeVeDe).ClickonthedownloadlinkandselecttoopenitwiththeGDebiPackageInstaller(default).Fora
usagetutorial,readthisDeVeDeguide(http://www.myguides.net/en/content/view/75/26/).
Run:
Menu>Applications>Sound&Video>DeVeDe
ManDVD
ManDVD(http://www.kdeapps.org/content/show.php/ManDVD?content=83906)isaQTbasedDVDauthoringtoolwhichacceptsseveral
differentfiletypesasinput.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nahdvd x1he-u1
DVD Author
DVDauthor(http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/)allowsyoutocreatemenusandformatyourMPEG2videosontoaDVDdiscsothatyoucan
playitinacommercialDVDplayer.DVDAuthorisacommandlinetool,butseveralGUI'sexist.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dvdautho
QDVDAuthor
QDVDAuthor(http://qdvdauthor.sourceforge.net/)isaQtbasedGUIforDVDAuthor.ApackageforOneiricdoesnotexist,buttheMaverick
QDVDAuthor(http://qdvdauthor.sourceforge.net/)isaQtbasedGUIforDVDAuthor.ApackageforOneiricdoesnotexist,buttheMaverick
packagecanbeused.
EnabletheMaverickmultiverserepositorytemporarilybyaddingittotheSynapticPackageManagerOriginofPackages("Other"
software):
Menu>System>Synaptic>Settings>EditOrigins>SoftwareSources:OtherSoftware>Add...
deb http.77us.ach1ve.ubuhtu.con7ubuhtu nave1ck nuJt1vese
FromtheGetandRemoveSoftwaremenu(ofSynaptic),installtheqJvJournorpackage(andtheqJvJournor-commonpackageifitisnot
automaticallyinstalledasadependency).
Oncethedownload/installationiscomplete,disabletheMaverickmultiverserepository(topreventconflictwithotherOneiricpackages).
Downloadandinstalltheaddons:
cd 7tnp
Wget http.77qdvdautho.soucefoge.het7data7nasks.ta.bz2 -u nasks.ta.bz2
Wget http.77qdvdautho.soucefoge.het7data7buttohs.ta.bz2 -u buttohs.ta.bz2
Wget http.77qdvdautho.soucefoge.het7data7aJphatahs.ta.bz2 -u aJphatahs.ta.bz2
cd 7us7shae7qdvdautho7
sudo ta -xf 7tnp7nasks.ta.bz2
sudo ta -xf 7tnp7buttohs.ta.bz2
sudo ta -xf 7tnp7aJphatahs.ta.bz2
Run:
Menu>Multimedia>QDVDAuthor
FollowinstructionsintheQuickStartGuide:
QDVDAuthor>Help>QuickStartGuide
ForatutorialonauthoringDVDs,seethisguide(http://womble.decadent.org.uk/talks/dvdukuug06/dvdtalkukuug06paper.html).
ToVid
ToVid(http://tovid.wikia.com/wiki/Tovid_Wiki)isacollectionoftoolstocreateaDVDfromanumberofdifferentvideoformats.AGUIis
available.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ tov1dgu1 tov1d
Other DVD authoring programs
ThereareseveralotherDVDauthoringprograms.ForadditionalinformationseetheUbuntuCommunity
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DVDAuthoring)pages.Packagesinclude:
Bombono(http://www.bombono.org),aGTKbased,GUIDVDauthoringprogram.Install(requiresmultiverserepositoriestobe
enabled):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bonboho-dvd
KMediaFactory(http://code.google.com/p/kmediafactory/)isaKDEbasedDVDauthoringfrontendfordvdauthor.(TheDVDfolderscan
thenbeburnedtodiscusingK3b.)Install(requiresmultiverserepositoriestobeenabled):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kned1afactoy
Ripper X CD Ripper/Encoder
RipperX(http://sourceforge.net/projects/ripperx/)isaGTKbased(i.e.Gnome)opensourceutilitytoripCDaudiotrackstoOGG,MP3,or
FLACformats.ItsupportsCDDBlookups.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ 1ppex
Asunder CD Ripper/Encoder
Asunder(http://littlesvr.ca/asunder/)isaGTKbasedopensourceCDripper/encoderwhichsavestoWav,MP3,OGG,FLAC,orWavPack.
Asunder(http://littlesvr.ca/asunder/)isaGTKbasedopensourceCDripper/encoderwhichsavestoWav,MP3,OGG,FLAC,orWavPack.
Selfinstalling.debpackagesareavailablehere(http://www.getdeb.net/app.php?name=Asunder).
Audex CD Ripper/Encoder
Audex(http://www.kdeapps.org/content/show.php/Audex?content=77125)isaporttoKDE4oftheKAudioCreatorpackageusedinKDE3.It
cancreateoutputforLAME(MP3compliant),OGGVorbis(oggenc),FLACandRIFFWAVE.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ audex
Gnac (GNome Audio Converter)
Gnac(GNomeAudioConverter)(http://gnac.sourceforge.net/)convertsbetweenallGStreamersupportedaudioformats.Itisnotyetpartofthe
standardrepositories.Seetheseinstallationinstructions(http://launchpad.net/~gnacteam/+archive/ppa).
SOX (encodes/decodes audio)
SoX(http://sox.sourceforge.net/)isasomewhatconfusingcommandlineutilitytoconvertaudioformats.Seethisusageguide
(http://sox.sourceforge.net/sox.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sox
Run:
sox
CDs and DVDs
Brasero (CD/DVD burner)
Brasero(http://projects.gnome.org/brasero/)isaCD/DVDburningapplicationthatisnowpartoftheGnomedesktop(butcanbeusedwithany
Ubuntuderivative).Ifnotalreadyinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ baseo
Gnomebaker (CD/DVD burner)
Gnomebaker(http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnomebaker)hasbeenthedefaultCD/DVDburningapplicationfortheGnomedesktop.Ifnot
installed:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghonebake
K3b (CD/DVD burner)
k3b(http://K3b.org)(KDEBurnBabyBurn)isthedefaultKDECDandDVDburningutilityincludedinKubuntu,butcanrunwellinGnome.
(Duetolicensingrequirements,mp3capabilitiesmustbeinstalledseparatelyasthelibk3b6extracodecspackage).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ k3b J1bk3b-extacodecs
Normalize audio levels
VolumenormalizationforanaudioCDrequiresaseparateexternalplugin.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ honaJ1ze-aud1o
Thenselectnormalization:
K3b>Project>Properties>Advanced>Settings:Normalizevolumelevels(ric|eJ)
DVD Playback Capability
libdvdcss
libdvdcss
ToplayencryptedDVDs,thelibdvdcss2packageisessential.libdvdcss2isasimplelibrarydesignedforaccessingDVDslikeablockdevice
withouthavingtobotheraboutthedecryption.MoreinformationaboutthispackagecanbefoundatVideoLAN
(http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html).
Youcaninstalllibdvdcss2asa64bit.debpackagewithoutinstallingtheMedibunturepositories:
Wget -c http.77packages.ned1buhtu.og7pooJ7fee7J1bd7J1bdvdcss7J1bdvdcss21.2.1u-u.3ned1buhtu1and4.deb
sudo dpkg -1 J1bdvdcss21.2.1u-u.3ned1buhtu1and4.deb
ora32bit.debpackage:
Wget -c http.77packages.ned1buhtu.og7pooJ7fee7J1bd7J1bdvdcss7J1bdvdcss21.2.1u-u.3ned1buhtu113B.deb
sudo dpkg -1 J1bdvdcss21.2.1u-u.3ned1buhtu113B.deb
YoucanalsouseguidelinesprovidedatMedibuntu(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Medibuntu).ThiswillinstalltheMedibuntu
repositoriesonyoursystemandtheninstallthelibdvdcss2package:
sudo Wget --output-docuneht=7etc7apt7souces.J1st.d7ned1buhtu.J1st http.77WWW.ned1buhtu.og7souces.J1st.d7${JsbeJease -cs}.J1st
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get --yes --aJJoW-uhautheht1cated 1hstaJJ ned1buhtu-key1hg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1bdvdcss2
Youcanalsoinstall32bitor64bitWindowsmultimediacodecs(ifyouhaven'talreadydonesousingubunturestrictedextras):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W32codecs
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W4codecs
InsteadofdownloadingdirectlyfromMedibuntu,youcouldalsousethescriptincludedwiththelibdvdread4packagetodownloadand
installlibdvdcss2:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1bdvdead4
sudo 7us7shae7doc7J1bdvdead471hstaJJ-css.sh
libudf
ManynewerDVDsusetheUDFfilesystem.Toplaythemproperly,alsoinstalllibudf:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1budfu
Othertoolsareuseful:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ udftooJs J1budf-dev
K9copy (DVD Ripper)
K9copy(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K9copy)isthefreeopensourceDVDbackup(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_ripper),copying,
compression,andauthoringutilitythatrequireslibdvdcss.Forotherinfo,seethis(http://www.dvdguides.com/content/view/213/59/)orthis
(http://www.myguides.net/en/content/view/77/26/)guide.YoucaneasilycreateMPEG2.MPEG4,orDVDvideoswiththisutility.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ k9copy
Tips:AttimesyoumaynotbeabletocopyyourDVDdirectlyfromDVDtoDVD.Thismaybecauseyouhaveasmallimperfectionin
theDVD,orbecausetheDVDwasinitiallycreatedwithanonstandardburningmethod.Therearetwomethodsthatcanhelpsolvethis
problem:
CopytheVIDEO_TSandAUDIO_TSfoldersfromyouroriginalDVDdirectlytoyourharddrive.Thenusek9copytoburna
DVDdirectlyfromtheseharddrivefolders.
Usek3b(orGnomebaker)tocopyan.isoimagefromtheoriginalDVDtoyourharddrive.Thenusek9copytoextractfromthe
harddrive.isoimageandthenburnaDVDdirectlyfromit.
Handbrake
Handbrake(http://handbrake.fr/)isaGPLlicensedopensourcetoolforconvertingDVDtoMPEG4(iPodformat)thatisanalternativeto
k9copy.(ItcanhandlemanyDVDsthatk9copycannot.)InstallationisfromthedevelopmentalPPAarchive
(https://edge.launchpad.net/~stebbins/+archive/handbrakereleases).
dvd::rip
dvd::rip(http://www.exit1.org/dvdrip/)isaDVDbackup(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_ripper)/copyprogram,writteninGTKbasedperl,
thatusesthetranscode(http://www.transcoding.org/cgibin/transcode)andffmpeg(http://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpegdoc.html)video/audio
processingandconversiontools.Seethewebsiteforinstallationandofficialdocumentation.Forotherinfo,seethisdvd::riptutorial
(http://www.myguides.net/en/content/view/136/26/).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dvd1p a
Acidrip
Acidrip(http://sourceforge.net/projects/acidrip/)isaDVDbackup(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_ripper)/copyprogram,writteninGTK
basedperl,thatusestheMplayer(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/news.html)andMencoder
(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/mencoder.html)video/audioprocessingandconversiontools.Seethewebsiteforinstallationand
officialdocumentation.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ac1d1p
DVD Fab (DVD Ripper)
DVDFab(http://www.dvdfab.com)isthefavouredDVDbackuptoolfortoday'sDVDencryptionmethods.ItmustberuninWine(sinceitisa
Windowsapplication).Itcomesasafullyfeatured30daytrial,butseetheseinstructions(http://geekoutblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/howto
restartdvdfabtrialperiod.html)forfinetuningthetrialperiod.
Music Players
Rhythmbox
Rhythmbox(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmbox)isthedefaultmusicplayerinUbuntu(Gnome),relyingontheGstreamerframework.
Play Internet Radio through Rhythmbox
InternetradiocanbeplayedthroughRhythmboxbyinstallingtherhythmboxradiobrowserplugin:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hythnbox-ad1o-boWse
RestartRhythmboxandselecttheplugin:
Rhythmbox>Edit>Plugins>Internetradiostationbrowser(ric|eJ)>Library>Radiobrowser
Note:Internetradiostreamsusemanydifferentports.Youmustadjustyourfirewalltoallowtheportsoverwhichthestreamswillbesent.
Amarok
Amarok(http://amarok.kde.org/)isthedefaultmusicplayerinKubuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ anaok
Amarok themes
Amarokthemes(http://www.kdelook.org/index.php?xcontentmode=55)canbedownloadedfromKDELookandinstalled.
Downloadthetheme(endingin.tar.bz2)toyourhomedirectory(orchosendirectory).
Amarok>Settings>Appearance>InstallNewStyle
Selectthedownloadedfile.
Play Shoutcast Internet Radio through Amarok
Shoutcast(http://classic.shoutcast.com)internetradiocanbeplayedthroughAmarok2.2orlaterbyinstallingtheShoutcastscript:
Amarok>Tools>ScriptManager>Getmorescripts>Orderby:Rating(ric|eJ)>Shoutcastservice>Install>RestartAmarok>
Tools>ScriptManager>Shoutcastservicetralala(ric|eJ)>Ok>Internet>Shoutcastservicetralala
Note:Internetradiostreamsusemanydifferentports.Youmustadjustyourfirewalltoallowtheportsoverwhichthestreamswillbesent.
Audacious
Audacious(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audacious_Media_Player)isacompact,fastmusicplayerthatisaforkofXMMS.Itresembles
WinAmpandcanuseWinAmpandXMMSskins.Itsupportsmanypluginsandisidealforstreamingcontent.Volumenormalization(using
ReplayGain)isabuiltinoption.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ audac1ous
Youcanswitchbetweenthe"PulseAudioOutputPlugin"andthe"ALSAOutputPlugin"under
Audacious>Preferences>Audio>Currentoutputplugin.
Banshee Music Player
Banshee(http://bansheeproject.org/)isaGstreamer,MonoandGtkbasedmusicplayerforLinuxandMacOSX.Itsupportsmultiplemp3
players(includingtheiPod).Therearepluginsforpodcasts,internetradio,andmore.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bahshee
Exaile Music Manager and Player
Exaile(http://www.exaile.org/)isaGTKbasedmusicplayerthatsupportsmanyformats,incorporatesaShoutcastdirectory,apluginforiPod,
Last.FMsupport,tabbedplaylists,andotherfeatures.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ exa1Je
Songbird Music Player
Songbird(http://getsongbird.com/)isanopensourcemusicplayerfromMozillawithanappearancemeanttoresembleiTunes.Itisincurrent
developmentanddoesnotyethavefullsupportformp3players(suchastheiPod).ItincorporatesaShoutcastinternetradiointerface.The
currentbetaversioncanbedownloadedfromthewebsite.
aTunes
aTunes(http://www.atunes.org/)isaJavabasedplayerdesignedtobesimilartoiTunes.Installationinstructionsarehere
(http://www.atunes.org/wiki/index.php?title=Installing_aTunes_on_Linux_%28under_GNOME%29).
Multimedia Players
Mostcurrentvideomultimediaplayersplaymanyvideoformats,includingtheFlashvideo.flvformat.
MPlayer Multimedia Player
Mplayer(http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/info.html)isavideoplayerwithawiderangeofformatssupported(includingRealMediaand
Windowscodecs)andawidevarietyofoutputs.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ npJaye
SMPlayer
SMPlayer(http://smplayer.sourceforge.net/)isanenhancedfrontendforMPlayer.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ snpJaye
Dump a video stream to disc
Dump a video stream to disc
YoucandumpavideostreamtodiscusingMplayer:
npJaye -dunpstean s!reanurJ
Ifyoudon'tknowtheexactURLofthestreamyouwishtosave,youcandiscoveritfromthewebpageitisembeddedinbyusingtheFirefox
addonUnPlug.Donotsavestreamsthatareillegaltodownload.
VLC Multimedia Player
VLC(http://www.videolan.org/)isacrossplatformmultimediaplayerthatsupportsmanyformatswithoutneedforadditionalcodecs.Itcannot
onlyreceivevideostreams(http://wiki.videolan.org/Documentation:Streaming_HowTo/Receive_and_Save_a_Stream)(alsoseehere
(http://tom.zickel.org/vlcmp4/)toconvertittomp4),butcanactasaserverforvideostreams,aswell.Itisoneoftheonlyplayersthatcanview
andbackupalmostanyDVDformat,nomatterwhichcopyprotectionisused.Seethesetips(http://www.freedvdripper.net/guides/ripdvd
convertvideowithfreevlcplayer.html)forusingVLCtobackup/ripencryptedDVDs.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ vJc vJc-pJug1h-puJse
VLC plugins
TherearemanyVLCplugins.Youwilllikelyonlyneedtoinstallafewofthem,however,dependingonyourhardwareandinput/output
configuration:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ vJc-pJug1h-gg1 vJc-pJug1h-ack vJc-pJug1h-puJse vJc-pJug1h-sdJ vJc-pJug1h-svgaJ1b noz1JJa-pJug1h-vJc vJc-pJug1h-esd
Xine-UI Multimedia Player
XineUI(http://xinehq.de/)isamultimediaplayerbased,ofcourse,onthexineplatform.ItcanalsoplaystreamedvideofromtheInternetand
supportsmostformats,includingsomeuncommonones.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ x1he-u1
Kaffeine Video Player
Kaffeine(http://kaffeine.kde.org/)isthedefaultvideoplayerinKubuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kaffe1he
RealPlayer 11 Multimedia Player
TheLinuxRealplayerisactuallybasedontheopensourceHelixplayer(https://player.helixcommunity.org/).Helixitselfcanbeinstalledasa
packageeasily(readHelixplugin)andusedinsteadofRealplayer.TheseinstructionsaretoinstalltheproprietaryversionofRealPlayeronly.
DownloadRealPlayerofficiallinuxplayer(http://www.real.com/linux)
Openaterminalandcdtothedirectoryyouhavedownloadedrealplayer's.binfile.Thenissuethefollowingcommands
chnod +x ReaJPJaye11uuLu.b1h
sudo .7ReaJPJaye11uuLu.b1h
Whenitasksforinstallationpathenter/usr/local/RealPlayer
Forallotherquestionsjustchoosedefaultbypressingenter.
Ifyouhaveinstalledmozillamplayerpackageyouwillneedtodeletethemplayerfirefoxpluginforrealplayervideos.Otherwiseallrealplayer
fileswillopenwithmplayer.Forthatpleasedothis
cd 7us7J1b7f1efox7pJug1hs
sudo n npJayepJug-1h-n.*
Pleaseremembertorestartfirefoxandwheneveryouclickonarealplayervideochoosetheoptionopenwithanduse/usr/bin/realplay
Internet TV
Miro Player
MiroPlayer(http://www.getmiro.com/)(formerlyDemocracyTVPlayer)isanopensourceInternetTVandvideoplayerthatallowsyouto
watchInternetTVandvideos.Unlikeothervideoplayers,itcontainsastructuredguidethatincludesmorethan2500channels,hasbuiltin
BitTorrent,andhasfeaturesthatcanautomaticallysavevideos,suchasfromYouTube.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ n1o
Myth TV
SeeMythTV
Sopcast Internet TV
Sopcast(http://www.sopcast.org)isaninterfacetoplayliveP2PvideostreamsthroughtheVLCmediaplayer.InstallVLCfirst.Thisisa
ChineseprogramandmostcontentishostedinChinaandmaynotbelegalinyourarea.Pleaseconsultlocalregulations.
YoucaninstalltheSopCastPlayerPPAusingthefollowingcommands:
echo "deb http.77ppa.Jauhchpad.het7asoh-scheuhenahh7ppa7ubuhtu `JsbeJease -cs` na1h" | sudo tee -a 7etc7apt7souces.J1st
sudo apt-key adv --keyseve keyseve.ubuhtu.con --ecv-keys Cu3uEE5
IfyouareusingKarmicorlater:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.asoh-scheuhenahh7ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sopcast-pJaye
Run:
Applications>Sound&Video>SopCastPlayer
Zattoo
Zattoo(http://www.zattoo.com/)isafreeInternetTVplayerthatallowsyoutowatchterrestrialtelevisionfromvariouscountriesinEurope.See
theZattooDownload(http://zattoo.com/en/download/linux)pageforfurtherinstructionsoninstallation.Forscreenshotsandanalternate
installationguide,seethisUbuntuGeekguide(http://www.ubuntugeek.com/watchinglivetvonyourubuntudesktopwithzattoo.html).
Installdependenciesfirst:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1bgtkgJext1 adobe-fJashpJug1h
Downloadthelatest.debpackagefromZattooDownload(http://zattoo.com/en/download/linux)page.
Wget http.77zattoo.con7eJease7doWhJoad.php
Installthedownloaded.debpackage:
sudo dpkg -1 *.deb
RunZattoo:
K>Application>Multimedia>ZattooPlayer
Note:youhavetoregisterforafreeaccountwhentheplayerstarts.
TV Time (TV Viewer)
TVTime(http://tvtime.sourceforge.net/)allowsthedisplayoftelevisionandotherdigitalinputs(madeavailabletothecomputerbyavideo
capturecard(http://tvtime.sourceforge.net/cards.html)).ApluginfortheRemucoremotecontrol(http://code.google.com/p/remuco/)(remuco
tvtime)isalsoavailable.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ tvt1ne
ABC iView
PythoniView(https://launchpad.net/~jeremyvisser/+archive/pythoniview)isaprogramthatworkswithrtmpdumptorecordstreamsofferedby
ABCiView(http://www.abc.net.au/tv/iview/)(Australia).InstallationinstructionsareatthePPArepository(https://launchpad.net/~jeremy
visser/+archive/pythoniview).
BBC iPlayer
BBCiPlayer(http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/)providesreplaysanddownloadsofBBCprogramstoUKresidents.TheBBC,however,has
crippleditsstreamstopreventdownloadingandlegalactionsagainstiPlayerappeartobeinprogress.(Flvstreamermayberequiredforrtmp
streamrecording).ToinstallaFlash64biteditionofiPlayer:
sudo apt1tude enove fJashpJug1h-1hstaJJe
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.sevehnach1hes7fJash
sudo apt1tude update
sudo apt1tude 1hstaJJ fJashpJug1h4-1hstaJJe
get_iplayer (BBC program recording)
get_iplayer(http://linuxcentre.net/getiplayer/)allowsBBCstreams(throughtheiriplayerservice)forUKusers,aswellasHulustreamsfor
USusers,toberecordedtomp4,wavandmp3files(dependingoncontent).Installv2.66(maynotworkforallusers):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ get-1pJaye
Toinstallanewerversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fJvsteane 1d3v2 J1bnp3-1hfo-peJ aton1cpasJey J1bWWW-peJ peJ
Wget ftp.77ftp.1hfadead.og7pub7get1pJaye7get1pJaye-2.79.ta.gz
ta xvf get1pJaye-2.79.ta.gz
sudo Jh -s 1pJaye-2.797get1pJaye 7us7b1h7get1pJaye
Note:Whenrunningthisversion,useqer_iployerinsteadofqer-iployer.
Addpreferences:
get1pJaye --pefs-add --nodes=fJashhd,fJashvh1gh,fJashh1gh,fJashhonaJ,1phohe
get1pJaye --pefs-add --fJvsteane "7us7b1h7fJvsteane"
Delete~/.swfinfo:
cd ~7.sWf1hfo
sudo n *
cd ..
sudo nd1 sWf1hfo
Seethewebsiteforusageor:
nah get-1pJaye
Getacurrentlistingofwhat'savailableandsaveitinthehomedirectory
get-1pJaye >~71pJaye-J1st1hg.txt
Havingfoundsomeinterestingprogrammes(andnotedthenumbersfoundinthelefthandcolumn),downloadthem:
get-1pJaye --get 123 537
ForLiveStreaming(withmplayer)useoneofthesecommands(http://linuxcentre.net/getiplayer/documentation#Live%20Streaming).
iPlayercanberuninWineusingtheseinstructions(http://bbciplayerlinux.sourceforge.net/index.php/Main_Page).
Someuserswillneedtoinstallrtmpdumpforsuccessfulstreaming.
Netflix Android App
ANetflixappfortheAndroidmarketisavailablehere(https://market.android.com/details?id=com.netflix.mediaclient).Itmustbeinstalledinan
Androidenvironment.
Virtual Android OS
InVirtualbox(orQEMU,VMWare,orothervirtualenvironment),installtheAndroidx86OS(http://www.android
x86.org/documents/installhowto)usingtheinstallerburnedtoaCDorUSBdrive.Installtheapp(http://www.android
x86.org/documents/apphowto).
Android SDK emulator
The32bitLinuxAndroidAndroidemulator(http://news.softpedia.com/news/HowtoRunAndroidApplicationsonUbuntu115152.shtml)and
SDKrequirestheAndroidSDKforLinux(http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html),ia32libs,andsunjava6jdk.
OncetheAndroidemulatorSDKisinstalled,installanappusingtheseADBinstructions
(http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/adb.html).
Internet Radio
Internetradiostreamsthroughdifferentports,socheckyourfirewallifyouarenotabletoplaythestreams.
Last FM
LastFM(http://www.last.fm/)isaserviceforsharingmusicrecommendationsandindividualradiostreams.ItisincludedasanoptioninAmarok,
orcanbeinstalledseparately:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Jastfn
Shoutcast Internet Radio
Shoutcast(http://classic.shoutcast.org)isthefirstandlastfreemp3streamingservice.HundredsofradiostreamscanbeplayedthroughAmarok,
Audacious,orothermultimediaplayer.Simplyassociatethe.plsstreamswithyourfavouriteplayer(AudaciousorXMMS2recommended).
StreamTuner Stream Directory Browser
StreamTuner(http://www.nongnu.org/streamtuner/)listsstreamsavailableontheInternetthroughaGTKbasedinterface.ItlistsShoutcastand
Live365streams,amongothers.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ steantuhe
Media Centers and PVR (Personal Video Recorder)
ThereareanumberofopensourceMediaCentersforLinux,someofwhichincludepersonalvideorecorderfunctions.Forafulllistofopen
sourcemediacenters,seethisguide(http://www.telematicsfreedom.org/en/project/14/flossmediacenterstateart).
MythTV
MythTV(http://www.mythtv.org/)isamediacenterwithPVR(personalvideorecorder)forretrieving,recording,andplayingbroadcastand
InternetTVandothermultimediacontent.Ithasmanyoptionsandpluginsforexpansion.Tobeuseful,youwillneedacompatibleTVtuner
card(http://www.mythtv.org/wiki/index.php/Tuner_Card).Forsetuptips,seethisguide(http://parker1.co.uk/mythtv_ubuntu.php).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nythtv
Mythbuntu
Mythbuntu(http://www.mythbuntu.org)isanintegratedUbuntu(Xubuntu)desktopoptimisedforMythTVusage.Incanbeusedinsteadof
addingMythTVtoaUbuntudesktop.
XBMC
XBMC(http://xbmc.org/)isafree,mature,opensourcecrossplatformmediacenter.ItdoesnothaveaPVRcapabilitynorasmanyfunctionsas
MythTV,buthasaveryniceinterface.
Addthesethirdpartyrepositories:
Addthesethirdpartyrepositories:
deb http.77ppa.Jauhchpad.het7tean-xbnc-1htep1d7ubuhtu 1htep1d na1h
deb-sc http.77ppa.Jauhchpad.het7tean-xbnc-1htep1d7ubuhtu 1htep1d na1h
Install:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xbnc
Boxee
Boxee(http://www.boxee.tv/)isanXBMClikeopensourcepackagetoallowstreamingvideoovertheInternet,includingfromYouTubeand
othersites.ItisaforkofXBMC,andisstillinalphadevelopmentandtestingstage.Itiscurrentlyavailablefor32bitsystemsonly,and
recommendedforHardy.Acurrentversionisanticipatedsoon.(Note:BoxeedoesnotrunNetflixonLinux,despitetheirads).Seethese
downloadinstructions(http://app.boxee.tv/download).
Elisa
Elisa(http://elisa.fluendo.com/)isacrossplatformmediacenterthatusestheGstreamermultimediaframework.Commercialpluginsareavailable
fromFluendo.ItsupportsPVRandMusicJukebox.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ eJ1sa
LinuxMCE
SeeLinuxMCE.
Multimedia Servers
MPD Multimedia Playing Server
MPD(http://mpd.wikia.com/wiki/What_MPD_Is_and_Is_Not)isamusicservermeantforLANusage.Itcanbecontrolledfromremoteclients.
Itcanalsostreaminternetstreams.
TiMidity++ MIDI Sound Server
TiMidity(http://timidity.sourceforge.net/)isaMIDIsoftwaresynthesizerrequiredbyseveralgamesandotherMIDIdependentapplications.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ t1n1d1ty
uShare UPnP A/V Media Server
uShare(http://ushare.geexbox.org/)isaUPnPmediaservercompatiblewiththeXbox360andPS3.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ushae
Alsosee:Howto:RunuShareatStartup(http://ubuntuguide.org/index.php?title=Howto:_Getting_uShare_to_run_at_Startup).
Home Automation / Home Theater / Home Security
Complete Systems
Linux MCE (Media Center Edition)
LinuxMCE(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxMCE)isanintegratedhometheater/homesecurity/homeautomation/telephonePBX/intercom
systemforyourhome.ItincorporatesMythTV(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MythTV),Pluto(http://plutohome.com/)homeautomation,Motion
(http://www.lavrsen.dk/twiki/bin/view/Motion/WebHome)securitysurveillance,Asterisk(http://www.asterisk.org/)PBX,VDR
(http://www.cadsoft.de/vdr/)videodiskrecorder,andotherhomeautomation/security/theaterpackagesinanintegratedplatform.Itisavailablein
32and64bitversions.LinuxMCEcanruneitherasastandaloneHomeTheaterPCorcancoordinateafullynetworkedhome,usingthe
networkingcapabilitiesthatareintrinsicallypartoftheKubuntuLinuxOS.FormoreinfoseetheLinuxMCEwebsite(http://www.linuxmce.org)
orwiki(http://wiki.linuxmce.org/index.php/Main_Page).
ThemostrecentstableversionrunsonKubuntu8.04(Hardy).AbetaversionforKubuntu10.04(Lucid)hasbeenreleased,andthefullversion
isanticipatedsoon.LinuxMCEcanbeinstalledatthesametimeastheKubuntuOS(onanewPCwithannVidiagraphicscard),withasingle
DVDinstallation.Alternatively,KubuntucanbeinstalledfirstandLinuxMCEtheninstalledfroma2CDinstallation.
Other systems in development
Minerva(http://www.minervahome.net/)homeautomationandmultimediacontrolwithaGUIinterface.ItcanevenhookintoGoogle
Calendar.
DomotiGa(http://www.domotiga.nl/)homeautomationsoftwarefromtheNetherlands,usingaMySQLdatabase.
NetHomeServer(http://wiki.nethome.nu/doku.php/start)isaJavabasedcrossplatformautomationsystemauthoredbyasinglecoder.Itis
inalphadevelopmentbutcanbedownloadedfromthewebsiteandevaluated.
TheWosh(http://wosh.sourceforge.net/)frameworkismessagebasedmiddlewaretoeffecthomeautomationprocesses.theprojectisin
earlydevelopment.
LinuxHomeAutomation(http://www.linuxha.com/)containsinformationregardingmanynascenthomeautomationprojects.
Home Security
Zoneminder surveillance system
Zoneminder(http://www.zoneminder.com/)managessurveillancecamerasandstoresimagesontheharddisk.Imagescanbeviewedusinga
(LAMP)serverremotely.X10devicescanbetriggeredusingbuiltinperlscripts.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ zohen1hde ffnpeg
Myth Zoneminder
MythZoneminder(http://mythtv.org/wiki/index.php/MythZoneMinder)allowsyoutoviewyoursecuritycamerasthroughMythTV,essentially.
ItisapluginthatinterfacesthetwopackagesZoneminder(whichmustbeworkingonyoursystem)andMythTV(whichmustalsobeworking.)
Seetheinstallationinstructions(http://mythtv.org/wiki/index.php/MythZoneMinder#Install_MythZoneMinder).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nythzohen1hde
Office Suites
Open Office
OpenOffice(http://www.openoffice.org)isinstalledbydefaultinUbuntu,withWriter(Wordequivalent),Presentation(PowerPointequivalent),
Calcspreadsheet(Excelequivalent),andBaserelationaldatabase(Accessequivalent).
Open Word 2007 Documents in Open Office
ThelatesteditionofOpenOfficeopens.docx(i.e.Word2007)documentsbydefault.
LibreOffice
LibreOffice(http://www.libreoffice.org/)isafreeandopensource(GPLlicensed)officesuitesimilartoOpenOffice.Install:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.J1beoff1ce7ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1beoff1ce J1beoff1ce-ghone
KOffice
TheKOffice(http://www.koffice.org/)suiteispartoftheKDEprojectandismeanttoprovidethecapabilitiesoftheOpenOfficesuitewithout
thelicensingrestrictionsofOpenOffice.ItcanbeusedinanyversionofUbuntu.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ koff1ce
AbiWord
AbiWord(http://www.abisource.com/)isafast,collaborationenabledwordprocessor.ForthemostcurrentversionseetheAbiWordwebsite
(http://abisource.com/wiki/Install_on_Ubuntu).Toinstallfromtherepositories:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ab1Wod
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ab1Wod
Xournal
Xournal(http://xournal.sourceforge.net/)isafree(GPLlicensed)GTK/Gnomebasedapplicationfornotetaking,sketching,orkeepingajournal
usingastylus.Install(universerepositoriesmustbeenabled):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xouhaJ
PDF Files
PDF(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format)isthefileformatusedbyAdobeAcrobat(whichcanbereadbymanyebook
readersaswell).TherearemanyPDForientedutilitiesavailableinUbuntu.IntheSynapticPackageManager,searchfor"pdf".
Print to a PDF file
(K)UbuntuallowsprintingofanydocumenttothePDFformatbydefault.Fromanyapplication:
File>Print>PrinttoFile>Output:PDF
View a PDF document
Evince(http://projects.gnome.org/evince/)isthedefaultPDFdocumentviewerinUbuntu.PDFfilesareassociatedbydefaultwithEvince,so
clickingonaPDFfile(fromafilemanagersuchasNautilus)willopenitwithEvince.Evincecanalsobestarted:
Menu>Office>Evince
Scan to a PDF file
Gscan2pdf(http://gscan2pdf.sourceforge.net/)isautilitytodoexactlythat:scantoaPDFfile.Multipleoptionsforscanningcanbeset.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gscah2pdf
PDF-Shuffler (PDF file management)
PDFShuffler(http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfshuffler/files/)isafreeGTKbasedutilitytomanipulatemultiplePDFfiles,allowingindividual
pagesorentirePDFdocumentstoberearranged,rotated,merged,ordeleted.ThisisanessentialtoolforworkingwithPDFfiles.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pdf-shuffJe
Run:
Menu>Office>PDFShuffler
MaxView (PDF file management)
MaxView(http://sourceforge.net/projects/maxview/)isautilitytocapture,manipulateandrearrange,andprint.pdfand.maxfiles.WritteninQt,
itissimilarinsomerespectstoPaperport.
Download(http://sourceforge.net/projects/maxview/files/maxview0.72/)andinstallthe.debpackage(useiS86insteadofomJ64ifusinga
32bitOS):
Wget -u naxv1eWcueht.deb http.77soucefoge.het7poects7naxv1eW7f1Jes7naxv1eWu.7-27naxv1eWu.7-2and4nave1ck.deb7doWhJoad
sudo dpkg -1 naxv1eWcueht.deb
StartMaxViewinaGUIbycreatingamenuitemwiththeCommand:maxview/nome/user,where/nome/useristhedirectoryinwhich
youwishMaxViewtostart.
PDFedit (PDF file editor)
PDFedit(http://pdfedit.petricek.net/en/index.html)isafree(GPLlicensed),QtbasedPDFfileeditingandmanipulationprogramthatusesaGUI
forediting.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pdfed1t
Import PDF files into a word processor
Import PDF files into OpenOffice Writer
PDFfilescanbeimported(http://extensions.services.openoffice.org/project/pdfimport)intotheOpenOfficeWriterwordprocessorasahybrid
document(notascannedcharacterdocument)byinstalling:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehoff1ce.og-pdf1npot
Import PDF files into KWord
KwordistheWordProcessorpackageinKOffice.ItallowstheimportingofPDFfilesbydefault.
PDF-XChange (PDF file editor)
PDFXChange(http://www.trackersoftware.com/product/pdfxchangeviewer)isafreeWindowsbasedapplicationtoview,modify,orperform
simpleeditingofPDFfiles.ItworksunderWine.
Personal Information Managers
Kontact Personal Information Manager
Kontact(http://kontact.kde.org/)isthedefaultPIMincludedwithKubuntu.Kontactincludesemail,anaddressbook,acalendar,reminders,pop
upnotes,alinktotheAkregatorNews/RSS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)reader,timetracking,andmore.ItsmanyfunctionsresembleMS
Outlook.Throughconnectorsitinterfaceswithmanygroupwareservers(http://kontact.kde.org/groupwareservers.php)(suchasKolaband
eGroupware).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kohtact
Mozilla Sunbird (Calendar)
Sunbird(http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar/sunbird/)isastandalonegroupcalendarclientthatinthefuturewillbereplacedbythe
LightningextensionforThunderbirdandFirefox(https://addons.mozilla.org/enUS/thunderbird/addon/2313/).(Itisavailableina64bitand32
bitversion,whereastheLightningextensioniscurrentlyonlyavailableina32bitversion.)Downloadfromthewebsite
(http://www.mozilla.org/projects/calendar/sunbird/download.html)andinstallbyclickingonthedownloadedfiletoextract,or:
sudo nkd1 7etc7suhb1d
cd 7etc7suhb1d
sudo Wget -u suhb1d-cueht.ta.bz2 http.77doWhJoad.noz1JJa.og7?poduct=suhb1d-1.ub18os=Jnux648Jahg=eh-U5
ta -xvf suhb1d-cueht.ta.bz2
Replaceoslinux64withoslinuxifusinga32bitOS.
ThencreateamenuitemnamedSunbirJtopointtotheCommand:/etc/sunbird/sunbird
BasKet Note Pads
BasKetNotePads(http://basket.kde.org/)isapersonalnotetakingapplicationthatresidesonyourcomputerandcanbeusedforcreating"todo"
lists.Itisgreatforcentralisingyourthoughtsinoneplace.Installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ basket
Planner (Project planning & management)
Planner(http://www.simpleprojectmanagement.com/planner/)isanMSProject(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Project)likeplanning
andmanagementtool.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pJahhe
Time Tracker
YoucankeeptrackhowlongyouuseanapplicationwithTimeTracker.KeeprecordsforbillingorsimplylimityourInternetusage.
Groupware
Groupwaresolutionsincludesharedcalendars,groupemailservers,groupsaddresslists,groupprojects,andinternalmessaging.Theyrequire
(oneormore)serverswithLAMPorsimilarserverstacks.
Groupware Servers
Groupwareserversaremeanttooperateonaserverplatform.YoushouldinstalltheserverversionofUbuntu(intheinterestofspeed)fora
dedicatedgroupwareserver.ReadServers.
Kolab
Kolab(http://www.kolab.org/)isthemostcomprehensiveopensourcegroupwaresolutionavailableandisdistributedasamultiplatform
solution.(ItintegrateseasilywithbothUbuntu(includingEvolution)andKDE/Kubuntu(includingKontact).)Itisfreeandopensourcewitha
GPLlicense(unlikeothergroupwaresolutions),yetenterprisesupportisalsoavailable.ItisscalabletolargeorganizationsandisOutlook(MS
Exchange)andMozillacompatible.ThisisaGermanpackage,however,anddocumentationinEnglishcanoccasionallybelimited.TheKolab
websiteprovidesitsowninstructionsforinstallationfromsource(http://wiki.kolab.org/index.php/Kolab2_Installation__Source)(currentlyv.2.2
(http://www.kolab.org/pipermail/kolabannounce/2009/000083.html)).Version2.2includestheHordewebinterface.ThecurrentbetaDebian
packageinstructionsarehere(http://wiki.kolab.org/index.php/Debian__Administrators__Kolab_Installation)ortheOpenPkginstallation
instructionsarehere(http://files.kolab.org/server/release/kolabserver2.2.4/ix86debian5.0/1st.README).
Note:Kolabusesitsownservercomponents,anditisbesttorunKolabonadedicatedserver.However,itispossibletorunotherservers
onthesamemachine,aslongasyouchoosealternateportsiftheservermodulesconflict.
Installthecompilerandothernecessarystuff:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bu1Jd-esseht1aJ
Kolab Ubuntu package
ThereisanUbuntu/KubuntupackageforthenewversionofKolab(v.2.2),butnodocumentationsupportforityetexists.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ koJabd
Manual Kolab installation
MakeadirectoryfortheKolabinstallationandmakeituniversallyaccessible:
sudo cd 7
sudo nkd1 7koJab
sudo chnod 777 7koJab
Oprionol:Ifyouwishtomountkolabinitsownpartition,thencreateanewpartition(usingGparted,forexample).Figureoutthedevice
nameofyourextrapartition:
sudo fd1sk -J
Itshouldbesomethinglike/dev/sda3.
Mount/dev/sda3(orwhateveryourpartitionis)as/kolabbyediting/etc/fstab:
sudo haho 7etc7fstab
andaddingtheline:
7dev7sda3 7koJab ext3 defauJts,W u u
thenrebootandmakesuretherearenoerrors.
Makeadirectoryintowhichtodownloadkolab:
cd 7tnp
nkd1 7koJabtnp
DownloadallthecurrentKolabfiles:
DownloadallthecurrentKolabfiles:
cd 7tnp7koJabtnp
Wget - -J1 -hd --ho-paeht http.77f1Jes.koJab.og7seve7eJease7koJab-seve-2.2.27souces7
InstallKolab(asrootusingsudos):
sudo -s
sh 1hstaJJ-koJab.sh 2>81 | tee koJab-1hstaJJ.Jog
Rebootyoursystem.
StopKolabservicesandruntheconfigurationutility:
sudo 7koJab7b1h7opehpkg c aJJ stop
sudo 7koJab7sb1h7koJabbootstap -b
Obviously,youshouldknowallyourdetails,suchasyourfullyqualifiedhostname(whichyoucandeterminefromhostnamef),domain
details,etc.,beforedoingthisstep.IfyouarenotfamiliarwithOpenLDAP(http://www.openldap.org/)andLDAP
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDAP)basics,youshouldlearnaboutit,asKolabusestheslapdOpenLDAPserverdaemon.
RestartallKolabservices:
sudo 7koJab7b1h7opehpkg c aJJ stat
Logintothewebadministratorinterfaceusing"manager"andthepasswordyousetatbootstrapconfiguration:
https.77youhost.youdona1h.hane7adn1h
Citadel
Citadel(http://www.citadel.org/)isaturnkeyfullyopensourcegroupwaresolution(thatisbothKDEandKolab1compliant).Basedona
bulletinboardframeworkspanningover20years,itisuserfriendlyandinterfaceswithbothKDEandGnomeappsandalsohasawebbased
client.ItisalsoWebDAVcompliantandcanbeusedwithThunderbird.
InstalltheCitadelserver:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ c1tadeJ-seve
InstalltheCitadelclient:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ c1tadeJ-cJ1eht
Installboth:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ c1tadeJ-su1te
eGroupware
eGroupware(http://www.egroupware.org/)isarobustandstablefreeopensourcegroupwaresolution(withGPLlicense)basedontheLAMP
stack(thedefaultserverstackincludedwithUbuntuServer)andthePostfixmailserver(bothofwhichshouldbeinstalledfirst).Thereisanew
versionrecentlyavailable,withanewcorporatesponsorinGermanyandacommercialenterpriseversion.Compatibilitywithmanyclientshas
beenimproved.Egroupwareprovidestheeasiestinstallationandquickestsetuptimeofallgroupwaresolutions.Muchofthedocumentationfor
thecurrentversion,unfortunately,isnotinEnglish.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ egoupWae
Open-Xchange
OpenXchange(http://www.openxchange.com/wiki/index.php?title=Quick_install_guide_for_the_Server_Edition_Ubuntu8.04)isaproprietary
groupwaresolution(meantasanMSExchangereplacement)thathasreleaseda"communityedition"basedoncommercialversions.Thelatest
.debpackageisforHardyHeron8.04.Itiscompliantwithmanydifferenttypesofclients,includingKontact,Outlook,andPalmPDAs.
Installationinstructionsareatthewebsiteandarenottrivial.
OpenGroupware
OpenGroupware
OpenGroupware(http://www.opengroupware.org/)isagroupwaresolutionbasedonthepostgreSQLdatabase.Thereisanenterpriseversion
andalimitedopensourceversion,anddevelopmentappearstohavebeenstagnantin2008.Installationmustbefromsource,aspackagesare
veryoutdated.Seethewebsitefordetails.
Zarafa
Zarafa(http://zarafa.com/?q=en/content/community0)istheleadingEuropeanMSExchangereplacement/groupwaresolution.Itisproprietary,
butaGPLlicensed(exceptfortrademarks)freeopensourcecommunityeditionwasreleasedin2008.Downloadinstructionsareavailablefrom
thewebsite.
Zimbra
Zimbra(http://www.zimbra.com/downloads/osdownloads.html)isaproprietarygroupwaresolution(nowownedbyVMWare)thatoffersan
opensource"communityedition".Althoughcurrentlyfree,thecommunityeditionislimitedinfeaturesanddoesnothaveaGPLlicense.All
submittedmodificationsandcontributionsbecomethepropertyofVMWare.SeetheZimbrawiki(http://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Main_Page).
ABetaversionforLucidLynx10.04LTSisavailablefor64bitusers,ortheolderHardy8.04versioncanbeused.
SchoolTool
SchoolTool(http://www.schooltool.org/)isafreeopensourcegroupwaresolutionforuseinprimaryandsecondaryschoolswhichincludes
calendaring,gradebooks,attendancerecords,andstudentinformationdatabases.ItwascreatedwiththehelpoftheShuttleworthFoundation
(whichalsosponsorsUbuntu).Seetheseinstallationinstructions(http://book.schooltool.org/htmlhelp/install.html).
SugarCRM Community Edition
SugarCRM(http://www.sugarcrm.com/crm/download)isacustomerrelationshipmanagementsystemthatisusedtocoordinateasalesforce
(sales,marketing,support,projectmanagement,calendaring).SugarCRMhasacommunityeditionthatisoneofthemostwidelyused.ALAMP
serverstackshouldbeinstalledfirst(sudotaskselinstalllampserver).ExtractSugarCRMto/var/wwwandthenlogonto
http://localhost/SUGARFOLDER.Alternatively,foranewserverSugarCRMprovidesa(binary)integratedinstallation
(http://www.sugarcrm.com/crm/download#installers)oftheLAMPstackwiththeSugarCRMCommunityEdition.
Groupware Clients
ManygroupwaresolutionshaveconnectorstointerfacewithclientssuchasKontact/KMailandMozillaThunderbird(orSeaMonkey).
Evolution Exchange
TheEvolutionExchangeconnectoraddsconnectivity(usingOutlookWebAccess)totheEvolutionsuiteforMSExchange2000and2003.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ evoJut1oh-exchahge
Kontact Personal Information Manager
TheKontactPersonalInformationManager,includedinUbuntubydefault,interfaceswithmanygroupwareservers
(http://kontact.kde.org/groupwareservers.php).
KDE Groupware Wizard
Kubuntuprovidesawizard(script)tohelpclients(suchasKontact/Kmail)connecttoagroupwareserver.Currentlysupportedgroupware
serversareKolab,eGroupware,SUSELinuxOpenexchange,andNovellGroupwise.
Zimbra Desktop
ZimbraDesktop(http://www.zimbra.com/products/desktop.html)isadesktopthatcollaborateswithZimbraservers.SeetheZimbraDesktop
FAQ(http://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Desktop_Download_and_Install_FAQ).FormoreinfoalsoseethisUbuntuForumsZimbraDesktop
Installationthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=10634207).
Oracle Calendar Desktop Client
TheOracleCalendarDesktopClient(http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/cs/user_info/ocalendar/desktop_index.html)isproprietary
calendaringsoftwareforusewithOraclegroupware/databasesystems.
DownloadOracleCalendarDesktopClient:
DownloadOracleCalendarDesktopClient:
Wget http.77WWW.k-state.edu71hfotech7caJehda7oacJe-1u-cJ1ehts7uesktopCJ1ehts7L1hux7caJJ1hux1u11.ta.gz
Extract:
ta -xvf caJJ1hux1u11.ta.gz
Changeintotheextractedfilesdirectory:
cd uacJeCaJehda1hst7
Preparethefiles:
nv caJJ1hux caJJ1hux.bak cat caJJ1hux.bak | sed "s7expot LuA55UhEKERNEL7#xpot LuA55UhEKERNEL7" > caJJ1hux n caJJ1hux.bak
Changepermissions:
chnod +x gu11hstaJJ.sh caJJ1hux
StarttheGUIinstaller:
sudo sh gu11hstaJJ.sh
Group Calendars
DAViCal Calendar Server
DAViCal(http://wiki.davical.org/w/Main_Page)isaCalDAV(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV),postgreSQL,Apacheandphpbased
sharedCalendarserverthatworkswithMozillaThunderbird/Lightning/Sunbird,Evolution,andothercalendarclients.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dav1caJ
Thenseethesedetailedinstallationinstructions(http://wiki.davical.org/w/Ubuntu_Maverick).
Darwin Calendar Server
DarwinCalendarServer(http://trac.calendarserver.org/)isanopensourceportofApple'sCalDAV(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV)
basedcalendarserverthatworkswithMozillaThunderbird/Lightning/Sunbird,Evolution,andothercalendarclients.Installversion1.2fromthe
repositories(thenseethewebsiteforusageinstructions):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ caJehdaseve
WebCalendar
WebCalendar(http://www.k5n.us/webcalendar.php?topic=About)isanICS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICalendar)basedserverforgroup
calendarsthatcanusemanydifferentdatabasesasthebackend,iswritteninPHP,andiscompatiblewithclientssuchasSunbird/Thunderbird
(Lightning),AppleiCal,andEvolution.ThenewestversioncanalsobeviewedusingRSS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS)clients.Seethe
websiteandthewiki(http://www.k5n.us/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page)forinstallingthenewest(1.2)version.Installtheolder(1.05)version
fromtherepositories:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ WebcaJehda
Mail servers
Postfix / Dovecot (Mail Server)
Postfix(http://www.postfix.org/)isafreeopensourcemailserver.ItinterfacesdirectlytoDovecot(http://www.dovecot.org/),thefreeopen
sourceIMAP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Message_Access_Protocol)andPOP3(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Office_Protocol)
server.FormoreinformationseetheofficialUbuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/C/emailservices.html).The
dovecotpostfixmetapackageinstallsthecomponentsandcustomizestheconfigurationfilestousetheMaildir(mailspooling)foldersystemby
default.ImapandPop3modules,SMTP,andSASL/TLS(withselfsignedcertificates)areinstalledbydefault.
default.ImapandPop3modules,SMTP,andSASL/TLS(withselfsignedcertificates)areinstalledbydefault.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dovecot-postf1x
Fortipsonsettingupapersonalmailserver,seehere.
iRedMail
iRedMail(http://code.google.com/p/iredmail/wiki/Installation_on_Ubuntu)isanintegratedpackagethatincludesDovecot,Postfix,achoiceof
OpenLDAP(withphpLDAPAdmin)orMySQLforthedatabase,RoundcubemailorSquirrelmailforwebbasedmailaccess,phpAdmin,
PostfixAdmin,andAWStats.ItisoptimizedforLucid10.04LTSandisbestinstalledonafreshserver(sinceitresetsmanyemailconfiguration
files).Thereisacommunityeditionwithmanyofthefeaturesofthecommercialedition.
Financial Software
Forabriefintroduction,seethislistof10Linuxfinancialtools(http://ubuntudoctor.com/content/news/10linuxfinancialtools).
KMyMoney (Personal Finance Management)
KMyMoney(http://kmymoney2.sourceforge.net/indexhome.html)isapersonalfinancemanagerthatusesdoubleentryaccounting,themethod
professionalaccountantsuse.ItissimilartoMSMyMoneyandIntuitQuicken,withautomaticsetupofcategoriesforbusinesses.Itisdesigned
fortheKDE/Kubuntudesktop(butwillworkinGnome/Ubuntu).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ knynohey2
GnuCash (Personal Finance Management)
GnuCash(http://www.gnucash.org/)isafree,opensourceGPLlicensedpersonalfinancemanagerthatusesdoubleentryaccountinglike
professionalaccountants.ItisGTKbased(Gnome2).Thecurrentversioncanbeinstalledfromsourcefiles(seethewebsiteforinstallation
instructions),orthepackageversioncanbeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghucash
Skrooge (Personal Finance Management)
Skrooge(http://skrooge.org/)isafree,GPLlicensedpersonalfinancesmanagerwrittenfortheKDEdesktopthatisabletoimport/exportdata
to/frommanyotherfinancemanagers.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ skooge
Moneydance (Personal Finance Management)
Moneydance(http://moneydance.com/)isacommercialcrossplatformJavabasedpersonalfinancemanagersimilartoKMyMoneythatsellsfor
$50perlicense.
SQL-Ledger (Enterprise Finance Management)
SQLLedgerERP(http://www.sqlledger.org/)isafree,opensource,platformindependentdoubleaccountingmethodsystemandenterprise
resourceplanner(inventory,workandpurchaseorders,taxes,etc.)thatusestheSQLdatabaseserver(PostgreSQL/Oracle/Mysqldatabases).It
usesawebbrowserforaninterfaceandbeaccessedremotely.Itisextremelycomprehensiveandisavailableinmanylanguages.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sqJ-Jedge
LedgerSMB (Enterprise Finance Management)
LedgerSMB(http://www.ledgersmb.org/)isaforkoftheSQLLedgerprojectthatoffersfairlysolidAR,AP,andGLtrackingaswellas
inventorycontrol.Itisinrapiddevelopmentandencouragescommunitysupport.ADebian(.deb)packageisavailablehere
(https://alioth.debian.org/frs/?group_id=30839).
WebERP (Enterprise Finance Management)
WebERP(http://www.weberp.org/)isafree,opensourceenterpriseresourceplannerandaccountingsuitesimilartoSQLLedgerthatusesa
webbrowserasaninterface.ItrunsontheLAMPserver.Itissomewhatdifficulttoimplementanduse,butconformstostrictaccounting
webbrowserasaninterface.ItrunsontheLAMPserver.Itissomewhatdifficulttoimplementanduse,butconformstostrictaccounting
guidelines.SetupyourLAMPserverfirst,theninstallusingthewebsiteinstructions.
Phreebooks (Enterprise Finance Management)
Phreebooks(http://www.phreebooks.com/)isafreeopensourceenterpriseresourceplannerandaccountingsuitesimilartoWebERP.Italsoruns
onaLAMPserver.Itisinactivedevelopmentin2008.Ademoisavailableatthewebsite.
Quasar (Enterprise Finance Management)
Quasar(http://www.linuxcanada.com/)isaproprietaryLinuxbasedaccountingsuitesimilartoQuickbooks.Forasingleuserwithoutpointof
saleornetworkingneeds,itisfree.ForotherusersitcostsCA$500perseat.AninstallerforKDEbasedsystemsishere
(http://outkastsolutions.co.za/outkast/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=14&Itemid=31).
Stock Market monitoring software
BeanCounter(http://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/beancounter.html)Astockportfolioperformancemonitoringtool.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ beahcouhte
Smtm(http://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/smtm.html)ShowMeTheMoneyisaconfigurablePerl/Tkstocktickerprogram.Writtenbythe
creatorofBeanCounter.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sntn
Qtstalker(http://qtstalker.sourceforge.net/)commodityandstockmarketchartingandtechnicalanalysis
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ qtstaJke
JStock(http://jstock.sourceforge.net/)aJavabasedportfoliomanagerandstockmarketmonitoringtool.Seetheseinstallationinstructions
(http://jstock.sourceforge.net/help_install_upgrade.html#installlinux).
Wiki software
Wikisoftwareallowsanorganizationtohaveamanualthatcanbeeditedbyanumberofcollaborators.Wikipediaisthebestknownexample.
MediaWiki
MediaWiki(http://www.mediawiki.org)isthefree,opensourceserversoftwarethatWikipediauses.Itisscalabletoverylargeuses.Itrunson
theLAMPserverstack(whichusestheMySQLdatabaseandisavailableasaninstallationoptionwiththe(K)ubuntuserver),oritcanbeused
withapostgreSQLdatabase.Seethesedetailedinstructions.(Otherinstructionsarealsoavailablehere
(http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Running_MediaWiki_on_Ubuntu).)Installfromtherepositories:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ned1aW1k1
EdittheconfigfilesoitrecognizesMediaWiki:
sudo haho 7etc7ned1aW1k17apache.cohf
Uncomment(removethe#)theline:
AJ1as 7ned1aW1k1 7va7J1b7ned1aW1k1
Restartapache2:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7apache2 estat
Run/installMediaWikibylogginginto:
http.77JocaJhost7ned1aW1k1
Youwillbepromptedforconfigurationvariablestobeset.ThetrickiestistheMySQLuser/password.Hopefullyyourememberyour
MySQLsuperuserthatyousetatthetimeofLAMP(orMySQL)installation.
MySQLsuperuserthatyousetatthetimeofLAMP(orMySQL)installation.
Copyyourlocalsettingsconfigurationfileto/etc/mediawiki(andmakeabackupoftheoriginal):
sudo cp 7va7J1b7ned1aW1k17cohf1g7LocaJ5ett1hgs.php 7etc7ned1aW1k1
sudo nv 7va7J1b7ned1aW1k17cohf1g7LocaJ5ett1hgs.php 7va7J1b7ned1aW1k17cohf1g7LocaJ5ett1hgsat1hstaJJ.php
Edityourconfigurationvariablesthere:
sudo kate 7etc7ned1aW1k17LocaJ5ett1hgs.php
Ifyouareusingavirtualhostserver,makeasymboliclink(namedinthisexamplemywi|i)fromyour/usr/share/mediawikiinstallation
foldertoyour/var/wwwfolder:
sudo Jh -s 7us7shae7ned1aW1k1 7va7WWW7nywk
thenmakesureyouhaveanapache2virtualhostsconfigurationfile(in/etc/apache2/sitesavailable)thatpointsto/var/www/mywi|iasthe
DocumentRoot.Makeasymboliclinkfromyourvirtualhostconfigurationfilein/etc/apache2/sitesavailableto/etc/apache2/sitesenabledto
enableit.Restartapache2afterenablingthesites.(Warning:MediaWikiisnotsecureatinstallationandcanbeeasilyhackedbynewusers.Do
notpublishyourwikitotheInternetbeforereadingalltheinstructionsandchangingtheconfigurationfile(LocalSettings.php)sothatitismore
secure.)Youwouldthenaccessthedatabaseat:
http.77ny.v1tuaJW1k1host.og
Twiki
Twiki(http://twiki.org)isanopensourcewikiengineusedbymanysmalltomediumsizecompaniesinternally.Ithasanactivedevelopment
teamwithmultipleplugins.Seethewebsiteforinstallationinstructions.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ tW1k1
Moin Moin
MoinMoin(http://moinmo.in/)isfree,opensource(GPLlicensed)wikisoftwarewrittenusingPython,withalargecommunityofusers,
includingtheApache,Debian,andUbuntuwikis.SeetheseUbuntuinstallationinstructions
(https://help.ubuntu.com/9.04/serverguide/C/moinmoin.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pythoh-no1hno1h
TiddlyWiki
TiddlyWiki(http://www.tiddlywiki.com/)isanopensourcepersonalwiki.Itisidealforcreatingalistofthingstodo,notetaking,orasa
collaborationtoolforasmallteam.ItisasingleHTMLfilethatcanresideonyourcomputerorcanevenbeuploadedtoawebserverandbe
usedasasimplewebsite.ItisdevelopedusingaFirefoxbrowserasaninterface.Installationinstructionsareonthewebsite.
Web Publishing
Drupal (Web content publishing)
Drupal(http://drupal.org/)istheleadingopensourcewebsitecreationandcontentcollaborationtools.Amodularapproachtowebsitebuilding,
fromsimpleoutoftheboxwebsitestocomplexsitesispossiblewithashortlearningcurve.Getmoreinfoonhowtogetstarted
(http://drupal.org/gettingstarted).DrupalrequiresaninstallationofaLAMPserverstackifyouhavenotalreadyinstalledLAMP,itwillbe
installedalongwithDrupal.IhavefounditeasiertousetheMySQL(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL)database(the"M"inLAMP),but
DrupalcanalsointegratewithPostgreSQL(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgresql)ifyouhaveitinstalled.
Drupal7
Drupal7isavailableasaDebianpackagehere(http://packages.debian.org/sid/all/drupal7/download).
Thepackageforyoursystem(32bitor64bit)canbedownloadedanddirectlyinstalledonanewer(K)UbuntuOS,ortheDebianrepositorycan
beadded(asmentionedintheinstructionsonthedownloadpage)andthenthepackageinstalledusingapackagemanagersuchasSynapticor
KPackageKit.
Seetheseinstructions(http://drupal.org/node/570162)forupgradingfromDrupal6toDrupal7.
Seetheseinstructions(http://drupal.org/node/570162)forupgradingfromDrupal6toDrupal7.
Drupal6 (Web content publishing)
Drupal6isavailableasapackage,orfromthecommandlineterminal:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dupaJ
Aftereverythingisinstalled(andtheproblemsbelowsortedout),restarttheapache2server:
Finishinstallationthroughyourbrowser:
http.77JocaJhost7dupaJ71hstaJJ.php
Youcanthenalsoseetheseinstallationtipsforinstallingthroughthebrowser,thenseetheseDrupalsitebuildingtips.ADrupal/Ubuntuusers
groupisfoundatDrubuntu(http://groups.drupal.org/drubuntu).
Installation quirks
Exim vs. Postfix
Exim(http://www.exim.org/)andPostfix(http://www.postfix.org/)aremailhandlers.IhadinstalledPostfixatthetimeIinstalledmyUbuntu
server(butwasnotusingit).ButDrupal6usesEximandthereforeremovesPostfixatinstallationandinstallsEximinstead.Therefore,itisbetter
nottouseDrupal6onamailserverthatusesPostfix.
WordPress
WordPress(http://wordpress.org/)isapopularfreeopensourcewebcontentmanagerthatstartedasablogtoolandnowincorporatesmany
publishingelements.Forbloggersandsmalltomediumsizedwebsites,WordPressprovidesthefastestinstallationandcustomizationprocess
withmanymodules.WordPressrequiresaninstallationofaLAMPserverstackfirst.Theninstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Wodpess
MakeasymboliclinkfromyourApache2wwwfoldertoyourinstallationfolderandinstallanewMySQLdatabasenamedlocolnosrto
usewithWordPress:
sudo Jh -s 7us7shae7Wodpess 7va7WWW7Wodpess
sudo bash 7us7shae7doc7Wodpess7exanpJes7setup-nysqJ -h Wodpess JocaJhos!
Note:Ifyoualreadyknowthenameofyour(virtual)hostURLforWordPress,thenuseitasthenameofyourdatabaseinsteadoflocalhost.For
example,myURLismysire_x.nomeserve.orqsomycommandis:
sudo bash 7us7shae7doc7Wodpess7exanpJes7setup-nysqJ -h Wodpess nys!ex.honeserve.org
IfyouwillaccessyourWordPressserverthroughavirtualhost,thencreateyourvirtualhostconfigurationfileinthe/etc/apache2/sites
availablefolder.Onceyouhaveeditedthefile,makeasymboliclinkfromittothe/etc/apache2/sitesenabledfolder.Restartapache2:
InstallWordPressthroughabrowser:
http://localhost/wordpress
or,ifyouareusingavirtualhost:
http:/mysire_x.nomeserve.orq/wordpress
Note:TheJauntyrepositoriescontainversion2.7.1,whichissubjecttoasecurityworm(http://wordpress.org/development/).Ifyouinstallthis
version,pleaseupdate(http://codex.wordpress.org/Upgrading_WordPress)immediatelytothecurrentversionfromtheTools>Upgrademenu.
(Alternatively,installthecurrentsourceversionfromthewebsite.)
Fortheautomaticupdatertowork,alltheWordPressfiles,folders,andsubfoldersmustbeownedbywwwdata(whichisalsotheownerofthe
apache2process)priortoupdating.
sudo choWh -R WWW-data 7us7shae7Wodpess
3oomla (Web content publishing)
Joomla(http://www.joomla.org/)isapowerfulopensourcewebsitecreationandcontentmanagementtoolthatallowswebsitecreationforusein
everyarenafromthesimpletocomplexcorporateenvironments.Infoforbeginners(http://docs.joomla.org/Beginners)isagoodplacetostart.
Scribus (Desktop publishing)
Scribus(http://www.scribus.net/)isanopensourcepackagethatprovidesprofessionalappearingdesktoppublishing.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sc1bus
Plone (Content Management System)
Plone(http://plone.org/)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)multiplatformcontentmanagementsystemusedbymanylargeorganizations
aroundtheworld.Itisavailablewithanintegratedinstallerhere(http://plone.org/products/plone).Someusershavehadsomedifficultiesin
Jaunty,duetochangesinPython.
Gallery (Photo album website)
Gallery(http://gallery.menalto.com/)isaPHPbasedmethodofpresentingaphotoalbumonawebsite.ADrupalinterface
(http://drupal.org/project/gallery)isalsoavailableforGallery2.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gaJJey2
phpBB (Forums)
phpBB(http://www.phpbb.com/)istheleadingopensourceplatformforForums.ALAMPserverstack(orPostgreSQLdatabaseinsteadof
MySQL)willberequiredandshouldbeinstalledfirst.Thenmakesuretheuniverserepositoriesareenabledandinstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ phpbb3
Distance teaching
Moodle
Moodle(http://moodle.org/)isafreeopensourceplatformforhostingonlinelearningcourses.Itcanbeintegratedwithwebinarsoftware.A
LAMPserverinstallationisrequired(sudotaskselinstalllampserver).AlsofindfreeMoodlethemeshere(http://moodle.org/mod/data/view.php?
id=6552).Install:
sudo apt-get noodJe
DatabaseserversoftwareforMoodle:mysql-server>followremainderofinstructions.Assumingthedatabaseishostedonthesame
computerastheoneMoodleisbeinginstalledupon,acceptlocalhostfortheoptionswhenprompted.
EditMoodleconfigurationoptions(ifneeded):
sudo ged1t 7etc7noodJe7cohf1g.php
EditMoodleapache2configurationfile(ifneeded):
sudo ged1t 7etc7noodJe7apache.cohf
Finishinstallationthroughthebrowser.(Irecommendthe"unattended"installation.)
http://localhost/moodle/admin
Formoreinformation,seethesedetailedtips.
Claroline
Claroline(http://www.claroline.net/)isafreeopensourceplatformforhostingelearningcoursesandonlinestudentcollaboration.ALAMP
serverinstallationisrequired.Installationisfromsourcefilesavailableatthewebsite,withinstructionsfoundhere
(http://www.claroline.net/documentation/tutorials.html).
Dokeos
Dokeos(http://www.dokeos.com/)hasafreelearningplatform,butalsoamedicallyorientedproprietaryplatformthatincludesmodulesforcase
presentationsandimaging.ItiswidelyusedinEurope.
Software Development
Kompozer Web Development Editor
Kompozer(http://kompozer.net/)isaGecko(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine))basedwebauthoringsystemthatcombines
webpageeditingwithwebfilemanagementinaWYSIWYGmanner.ItsupportsXML,CSS,andJavaScriptinanXULarchitecture.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ konpoze
Quanta Plus (Web IDE)
QuantaPlus(http://quanta.kdewebdev.org/)isanintegrateddevelopmentenvironmentintegratedwiththeKDEdesktop.Itallowswebpage
development,databasedesign,andXMLdesignandscripting,forexample,usingmultipledevelopmenttools.Thelateststableversionis3.5,
however,andintegrateswiththeKDE3.5environment(UbuntuHardyHeron).YoushouldthereforeuseUbuntuHardyHeronwiththis
product.(Thereisalsoacommercialversion(QuantaGold),alsoorientedtowardsKDE3).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ quahta konpae kxsJdbg cev1s1a
Netbeans IDE
Netbeans(http://www.netbeans.org/features/)isafreeopensourceintegrateddevelopmentenvironmentusedtocreateapplicationsusingAjax,
Ruby,pHp,Groovy,Java,Javascript,C++,andotherscriptingtools.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hetbeahs
BlueFish Web Development Editor
BlueFish(http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/)isaGTKbased(Gnomeoriented)editortowritewebsites,scriptsandprogrammingcode.Itsupports
perl,Python,pHp,CSS,XML,Java,Javascript,C,SQL,andotherformats.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bJuef1sh
Gobby (Multi-user development)
Gobby(http://gobby.0x539.de/trac/)isafree,multiplatformopensourcecollaborativeeditorsupportingmultipledocumentsinonesessionanda
multiuserchat.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gobby
Eclipse IDE
Eclipse(http://www.eclipse.org/home/newcomers.php)isafreeopensourcecrossplatformintegrateddevelopmentenvironmentwithplugin
supportforalargesetofprogramminglanguages,e.g.Java,C/C++,Python,PHP.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ecJ1pse
Version control software
Copiesofsoftwarebeingdevelopedatmanydifferentlocationsrequireamethodtoensurethatthemultipledistributedcopiesremain
synchronized.Thiscanbedoneusingacentralrepositoryorusingadistributedsynchronizationtechnique.Forfurtherinformation,seethe
officialUbuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/C/versioncontrolsystem.html).Severalversioncontrolplatforms
exist:
Git(http://gitscm.com/)allowsdistributedsynchronizationandiscurrentlyoneofthemostwidelyusedsystems.AlsoseetheUbuntu
communitydocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Git).Thegitclientcanbeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ g1t
Bazaar(http://bazaar.canonical.com/en/)issponsoredbyCanonicalandalsoallowsdistributedsynchronization.Alsoseetheofficial
Ubuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/C/bazaar.html).
Subversion(http://subversion.apache.org/).NowpartofApache,thisisoneofthemostwidelyusedsystemsandusesacentralrepository
forsynchronization.AlsoseetheofficialUbuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/C/subversion.html).
CVS(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System)waspreviouslythemostwidelyusedsystem.Alsoseetheofficial
Ubuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/serverguide/C/cvsserver.html).
Personal repositories
(K)UbuntuusesDebian(.deb)packages.Individualsororganizationscancreaterepositoriesforpersonalorspecializeduse.SeetheDebianwiki
introduction(http://wiki.debian.org/HowToSetupADebianRepository).AlsoseethisUbuntucommunityadvice
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Personal)andthis(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Offline/Repository).
mini-dinstall
Usingminidinstallwithdput,asimplerepositorycanbecreated.Thiscanthenbecopiedtoanonlineserverforpublicorprivateaccess.Seethis
tutorial(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LocalAptGetRepository)andthis(http://www.drelmo.net/2007/09/17/settingupyourownubuntu
repositoryondreamhost/).
Debarchiver
DebArchiver(http://inguza.com/software/debarchiver)isacommandlineutilitythatallowsthecreationofafolderbasedrepository.Instructions
arefrommandebarchiver.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ debach1ve
Science, Technology, and Engineering Applications
What..youthoughtUbuntuwasjustforplay?AlsoseeUbuntuScience(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OtherSoftware).
Health applications
OpenEMR (Electronic Health Record)
OpenEMR(http://www.openemr.org/)isamature,robust,outpatientsettingelectronicmedicalrecordsystemthatiscertifiedintheUS.
MakesuretheLAMP(Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP5)stackisinstalledfirst:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ Janp-seve
InstalltheDebian/(K)Ubuntupackagefromthislocation(http://openemr.org/wiki/index.php/OpenEMR_Downloads#Ubuntu.2Fdebian)
usingtheseinstructions(http://openemr.org/wiki/index.php/OpenEMR_4.1_UbuntuDebian_Package_Installation).
VistA (Enterprise Electronic Health Record)
OpenVistA(http://www.medsphere.com/)andWorldVistA(http://worldvista.org)aretwovarietiesofthelargestandmostrobustCCHIT
approvedelectronichealthrecordplatforminthepublicdomain.TheyareGPLlicensed,arebasedontheUSVeteransAdministrationhealth
recordsystem,andcanbeinstalledasanintegrateddatabase,server,andclientsystem.Seethedetaileddownloadandinstallationinstructionsfor
OpenVistAandWorldVistA,orvisitVistapedia(http://www.vistapedia.net)forotherinstructions.AlsoseetheUltimateServerwithOpenVistA
EHR.
CAD
QCAD(http://www.ribbonsoft.com/qcad.html)isacommercialCADalternativetoAutoCADwithacommunityopensourceedition.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ qcad
VariCAD(http://www.varicad.com/)isacommercial3DCADpackageformultipleplatforms(includingLinux).Thereisnoopensource
orcommunityversion.
Mathematical solutions
Scilab(http://www.scilab.org/),Octave,andFreematarethreeopensourcesolutionsforsolvingcomplexnumericalmathematicalproblems.
SymbolicmathematicalproblemscanbesolvedwithMaximaandMathomatic.AlloftheseprogramsareincludedintheUbuntuUniverse
repositories.
Octave
GnuOctave(http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/about.html)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)platformforsolvinglinearandnonlinear
equations,similarto(andmostlycompatiblewith)Matlab.ItinterfaceswellwithGnuplot(http://www.gnuplot.info/).Fortroubleshootingtips,
seethisthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1034174).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ octave3.u
Alsorecommended:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1batJas3gf-base ghupJot qtoctave
Note:QTOctave(https://forja.rediris.es/frs/?group_id=60&release_id=299)isaGUIforGnuplotorEasyplot1.1,andandtheATLASlibraryis
analgebrasoftwareoptimizationsetofutilities.
EasyPlot1.1(http://www.amion.com/ep/eplot.html)isanalternativetoGnuPlot,withaversion(https://forja.rediris.es/frs/?
group_id=60&release_id=299)thatcanbeusedwithQTOctave.Itmustbeinstalledfromsource.
AnolderGUIforOctave/Gnuplotisqgfe(http://www.xm1math.net/qgfe/)(availableasthepackageqgfe).
Freemat
Freemat(http://freemat.sourceforge.net/)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)platformforsolvinglinearandnonlinearequations,similarto(and
mostlycompatiblewith)Matlab.InstallfromAdd/RemovePrograms(Edutainment)or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ feenat
Maxima
Maxima(http://wxmaxima.sourceforge.net/)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)computeralgebrasystem(CAS)fordoingsymbolic
mathematics.Itcansolveequationswithmanyvariables,simplifyexpressions,docalculus,andmanyotheradvancedoperations.Toinstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Wxnax1na
Torun,enter:
nax1na
orselectwxMaximafromtheApplications/Sciencemenu.wxMaximaisthestandardMaximaGUI.
Mathomatic
Mathomatic(http://www.mathomatic.org)isafree,opensource(LGPLlicensed)commandlinecomputeralgebrasystemfordoingcalculations
andsymbolicmathematics.Itcanautomaticallysolveandsimplifyalgebraicequations,dosomecalculus,andothersimplebutusefuloperations.
Toinstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nathonat1c nathonat1c-p1nes
Torun,enter:
nathonat1c
orselectitfromtheApplications/Sciencemenu.
Amateur Radio applications
Fldigi(http://www.w1hkj.com/Fldigi.html)isafree,opensource(GPL)applicationfordigitalmodeamateurradiocommunicationsusinga
soundcard.Enable"CommunityMaintainedSoftware(universe)"inSoftwareSourcestheninstalleitherfromAdd/RemoveProgramsunder
(AmateurRadio)orbytyping
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fJd1g1
Amateur Electronics
Arduino
Arduino(http://www.arduino.cc/)isanopensourceelectronicsprototypingplatformbasedonflexible,easytousehardwareandsoftware.It's
intendedforartists,designers,andhobbyistsinterestedincreatinginteractiveobjectsorenvironments.Seethistutorial
(http://www.codetorment.com/2009/11/02/tutorialgettingstartedwitharduinoideonlinuxubuntu910/).
LaTeX
LaTeX(http://www.latexproject.org/)isaLaTeXisafreehighqualitytypesettingsystemfortheproductionoftechnicalandscientific
documentation.
LyX
LyX(http://www.lyx.org/)isaWYSIWYGfrontendandGUIinterfaceusefulincreatingdocumentsformattedforLaTeX.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Jyx
LaTeX Reference Managers
ThestandardLaTeXbibliography(BibTeX)toolcanbemanipulatedwithoneofseveraltools:
nbibtex.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hb1btex
jabref.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ abef
biblatex.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ b1bJatex
kbibtex(forKDE).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kb1btex
Zotero(http://www.zotero.org)isaFirefoxpluginthatallowscullingreferences(andreferencecontent)fromonlinereferences.
Miscellaneous software (not endorsed by this guide)
3Bidwatcher
JBidwatcher(http://www.jbidwatcher.com)isaJavabasedapplicationallowingyoutomonitorauctions,submitbids,snipe(bidatthelast
moment),andotherwisetrackyourauctionsiteexperience.Seethewebsiteformoredetails.
Utilities
Utilitiesfacilitateeverydaytasks,suchaskeepingtheclockuptodate,archivingutilities,andmore.
Archiving Utilities
ZIP
ThecommandlineterminalutilityZIP(http://linux.die.net/man/1/zip)createsfilesthatarecompatiblewiththetimehonoredPKZIPandWinZip.
Itisincludedin(K)Ubuntubydefault.Extractingzipfilescanbedonewiththeunziputility.usingthePoptionallowsusingapasswordforthe
files:
z1p - -P nypassword desna!on.zp *
Note:Theroptionindicatestoincludeallsubdirectoriesrecursively.
FileRoller (Archiving GUI)
FileRoller(http://fileroller.sourceforge.net/features.html)isaGUIformanytypesofarchivalutilities.
X-archiver (Archiving GUI)
Xarchiver(http://xarchiver.sourceforge.net/)isaGTKbasedGUIfrontendformanyarchivingutilities.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xach1ve
BChunk
BChunkisacommandlineutilitythatallowsyoutoconvert.cueand.binfilesintoan.isofile(sothattheycanbeopenedandmanipulatedin
Ubuntu).Warning: If the bin/cue image has audio tracks, they will be lost.
GetBChunk
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bchuhk
Toconvert.cueand.binfiles,navigatetothefolderandrunthiscommand(replacingfilenameswithyourown):
bchuhk 1hputf1Jehane.b1h 1hputf1Jehane.cue outputf1Jehane.1so
AfterthefileisconvertedintoISOyoucanmountitusing:
sudo nouht -o Joop outputf1Jehane.1so 7ned1a7output
Navigateto/media/outputandyoushouldseeallthecontentthere.Youcanthencopyitanywhere.
Tounmount:
sudo unouht 7ned1a7output
H3Split Files 3oiner/Splitter
HJSplitforLinux(Javaversion).
MakesureyouhaveJavaRuntimeEnvironmentinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ suh-ava-e
DownloadtheHJSplitJARfile:
Wget http.77WWW.feebyte.con7doWhJoad7hspJ1t7hspJ1tg.a
CreatethedirectoryforHJSplit:
sudo nkd1 7opt7hspJ1t
Movethefiletoanappropriatedirectory:
sudo nv hspJ1tg.a 7opt7hspJ1t7
Run:
cd 7opt7hspJ1t7 88 ava -a hspJ1tg.a
Note:Youcouldalsomakeaterminalshortcut(menuitem)inKMenuEditor.
Rar
Rararchivesfilesintotheproprietary.rarformat.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ a
Thisapplicationisa40daytrial.
Unrar
Unrarextractsfilesarchivedwiththeproprietary.rarformat.Afreeversioncanbeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ uha-fee
ortheproprietaryversion(alsofreefornoncommercialuse)canbeinstalledwiththeubunturestrictedextraspackageorwith:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ uha
7-Zip
Theopensource7ZiparchiveformatwasoriginallydesignedforWindows(andDOS)butisalsoavailableforUbuntu.TheGNU/Linux
versionof7ZipdoesnotcomewithaGUI,butArkcanhookinto7Ziptohandle7zarchives.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p7z1p-fuJJ
Toallowthe7ZipextensionforArktoextract.rarfiles,alsoinstall:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p7z1p-a
Hard Drive Utilities
KDiskFree (Hard drive properties monitor)
KDiskFree(http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdeutils/kdf/usingkdf.html)isaKDEutilityformonitoringfreediskspace,etc.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kdf
Clock Utilties
Screensavers
Ascreensaverisusefulasasecurityprecautionaswellasapowerandscreenelementsaver.Usingevenasimple"BlankScreen"screensaver
withapasswordcanslowapotentiallymaliciouspasserbyfromgainingaccesstoyourkeyboardandcomputerwhileyouareawayfromyour
desk.
Menu>System>Preferences>ScreenSaver
Setasecuritypassword:
ScreenSaver>Lockscreenwhenscreensaverisactive(ric|eJ)
Partition Managers
Partition Managers
Alsoseethesetipsforpartitioningschemesuggestions,otherpartitioningtoolsandmethods,andusageofmultiplepartitionsformultipleOSs.
GParted Partition Manager
Gparted(http://gparted.sourceforge.net/)isaGTK(Gnome)basedpartitionmanagerthatcanalsobeusedwithKDE.
ThisutilityworksbestwhenrunfromaLiveCD.RecentversionsoftheUbuntuLiveCDhaveacopyofGPartedonthem.Startthe
UbuntuLiveCDindemomode(notininstallmode)andthenstartGParted:
Menu>System>Administration>GParted
AnalternativeistodownloadtheGparted.isoimagehere(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?
group_id=115843&package_id=271779).Followtheseinstructions(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto)toburnthis
.isoimagetoCD.UsethisGPartedLiveCDasyourpartitionmanager.
YoucanalsoinstallthepackageintoyourOS(onceitisinstalledonyourharddrive):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gpated
System Backup and Recovery
Rsync
Rsync(http://rsync.samba.org/)isthedirectorybackupandtransfertoolforLinux.ItisinstalledbydefaultinUbuntu.Itcanprovideanytypeof
backup,andoptionsareextensive.SeveralGUIfrontendsforRsyncarelistedhere(http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/rsyncweb.htm).
GRsync
GRsync(http://www.opbyte.it/grsync/)isaGTKbasedGUIfrontendforRsync.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gsyhc
Bacula
Bacula(http://www.bacula.org/)isthemostwidelyusedGTKbasedopensource(GPLlicensed)networkbackuputilitythatisusedinboth
serveranddesktopinstallations.AcatalogueofbackupscanbemaintainedusingMySQL,PostgreSQL,orSQLite.Formoreinfoseethe
Ubuntudocumentation(http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/serverguide/C/bacula.html).BothtextbasedandGUIfrontendsareavailable.Installthe
MySQLversion:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bacuJa
SBackup
SBackup(http://sourceforge.net/projects/sbackup/develop)isasimplebackupandrestoreutilityfortheGTKdesktop.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sbackup
Keep (Backup and Recovery)
Keep(http://jr.falleri.free.fr/keep/wiki/Home)isaQT/KDEbasedbackuputilityusedinpreviousversionsofUbuntu.Itisnolongermaintained
andisnotincludedinUbuntubydefault.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ keep
Run:
Menu>Applications>SystemTools>Keep(BackupSystem)
Backup:
Click"AddaDirectorytoBackup"
Selectdirectoriesyouwishtobackup
Selectalocationtoplacethebackup
Selectalocationtoplacethebackup
Sethowoftenyouwishthebackupstotakeplace,andhowlongtokeepthem
Click"BackupNow"
Selectthedirectorygroupsyouwishtobackup.
Recover:
Click"RestoreaBackup"
Selectthedirectorygroupsyouwishtorestore.
Partimage (Partition backup)
Partimage(http://sourceforge.net/projects/partimage/)isafreeopensourceutilitytobackupanentirepartitionintoan.isoimage.Itcanbeused
acrossanetwork,aswell.Installandrun:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pat1nage
sudo pat1nage
Partimagecannotbeusedfromwithinthepartitionyouwishtobackup.YouwilleitherhavetorunitfromadifferentpartitionorfromaLiveCD
thatcontainsit.(AseriouslimitationofPartimageisitsinabilitytobackup/restoresplitimagefilesto/frommultiplemedia(e.g.spanned
DVDs/CDs),limitingitsusefulnessasaninexpensivecloninganddistributionsolution.Partitionimagebackup/restorationmustbeto/froma
singleharddrive,largecapacityUSBstick,ornetworkedstoragespace.)
cp
Anentirepartition'sfilesystemcaneasilybecopiedtoanotherpartitionusingthecp -ocommand.(However,thiscannotbedoneforthepartition
ofafilesystemthatisrunning.Usethe(K)UbuntuLiveCDtocopypartitionswhennecessary.)Obviouslythedestinationpartitionshouldbeas
largeorlargerthanthesourcepartition,andwhilenotnecessary,probablyisbestifbothpartitionsareofthesamefilesystemtype(e.g.ext4).Use
GPartedtocreateormanipulatethedestinationpartition,ifnecessary.Tocopytheentirefilesystem,forexample,fromtheext4partition
/Jev/sJo6intotheext4partitionat/Jev/sJo7,mountbothpartitions:
sudo nkd1 7ned1a7par!sda6
sudo nkd1 7ned1a7par!sda7
sudo nouht devsda6 -t ext4 nedapar!sda6
sudo nouht devsda7 -t ext4 nedapar!sda7
Thenmerelycopythecontentsfromonepartitiontotheother:
sudo cp -a nedapar!sda6 nedapar!sda7
Ofcourse,oncethepartition'sfilesystemiscopied,abootmanager(Grub2orGrubLegacy)willhavetobeupdated/reconfiguredto
recognizethenewpartition'sOSinordertoenableittoboot.Also,the/etc/fstabfileofthenewpartition'sfilesystemmayneedtobeedited
(inregardstotheUUIDsofthevariouspartitions),topreventconflicts.TodeterminetheUUIDsofallcurrentpartitionsonaharddrive:
sudo bJk1d
EditfstabsothattheUUIDsarecorrectlyreflectedthere.
Toconfirmthatthefilecopyhascompleted,theLinuxcommanddu(http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/du
invocation.html)(alsoseethesetips(http://www.codecoffee.com/tipsforlinux/articles/22.html))canbeusedtocalculatethediskusagefor
boththesourceanddestinationfoldersinordertocomparethevalues(toensurethattheyarethesame).Forexample,thevaluesshouldbe
thesameforbothpartitionsaftercopyinghascompleted:
sudo du 7ned1a7par!sda6
sudo du 7ned1a7par!sda7
dd
dd(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_%28Unix%29)isa*nixcommandthatenablesthecopyingoffilesoranentirediskusingasingle
command.Parametersmustbepreciselyspecifiedtoavoidriskofaccidentallyerasingdata.Seethesebriefinstructions
(http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/ddinvocation.html)ortheseinstructions
(http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/dd.html)fordetailedoptions.Youcannotcopyaharddrivethatcontainsthe
operatingsystemyouarecurrentlyrunning.Instead,bootintoaLiveCDandruntheddcommandthatway.AnexamplecommandtocopyHard
driveXtoHarddriveYis:
dd 1f=7dev7hdx of=7dev7hdy
ddrescue(http://www.garloff.de/kurt/linux/ddrescue/)isavariationoftheddcommandthatallowsworkingwithpotentiallycorrupted
datasets,partitions,orharddrives.
FSArchiver (Filesystem Archiver)
FSArchiver(http://www.fsarchiver.org/)isautilitytobackupthefilesystembyfiles(insteadofbypartitionblocks).Afilesystembackedupin
thiswaycanbemovedtoadifferentsizedpartitionoranotherdiskfilesystemaltogether(e.g.fromext3toext4).Backupscanbesplitandstored
on(andrestoredfrom)spannedmedia(e.g.multipleDVDs/CDs).ItisincludedintheSystemRescueCD.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ fsach1ve
System Rescue and Cloning Utilities
System Rescue CD
SystemRescueCD(http://www.sysresccd.org/Main_Page)isaLiveCDthatincludesimportantutilitiessuchasGParted,Partimage,ddrescue,
Rsync,andFSArchiver.Severaloftheseutilitiescannotbeusedfromwithinarunningpartition,sousingthemfromaLiveCDisoften
necessary.Download(http://www.sysresccd.org/Download)andburn(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto)theLiveCDfrom
thewebsite.
Clonezilla
Clonezilla(http://clonezilla.org/)allowsthebackuporduplicationofapartitionforasinglemachineorformultiplemachinesoveranetwork.(It
issimilartoNortonGhost.)ItincludesPartimage,partclone(http://sourceforge.net/projects/partclone/),andotherutilities.Itisavailable
(http://sourceforge.net/projects/clonezilla/files/)asaLiveCDwhichcanthenbeburned(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto).
(AseriouslimitationofClonezillaisitsinabilitytobackup/restoresplitimagefilesto/frommultiplemedia(e.g.spannedDVDs/CDs),limitingits
usefulnessasaninexpensivecloninganddistributionsolution.Partitionimagebackup/restorationmustbeto/fromasingleharddrive,large
capacityUSBstick,ornetworkedstoragespace.)
Disk Imaging software
G4U(http://sourceforge.net/projects/g4u/)isautilitytoimageadiskbitbybit.
G4L(http://sourceforge.net/projects/g4l/)isautilitytoimageadiskbitbybit.ItincludesaGUIinterface.
Ubuntu Customization Kit
UbuntuCustomizationKit(http://sourceforge.net/projects/uck)isautilitytocustomizea(K)UbuntuLiveCD.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ uck
Remastering software
Debianand(K)UbuntuLinuxoperatingsystemscanbe"remastered"andcustomized(usingoneofanumberofutilities)forredistribution.(See
thisWikipedialist(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_remastering_software).)Thisenablesanorganizationtopreloaddesiredapplications
andcustomizationsfordistributionamongitsmembers,whilepreservingtheintrinsicarchitectureandfunctionof(K)Ubuntu.Thecustomized
(K)UbuntuOScanthenbedistributedonaCDoronaUSBflashdrive.UsersarethenfreetofurthercustomizetheOS,oreventorevertbackto
theoriginaldefault(K)Ubuntusettings.AlsoseetheUbuntuwiki(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallCDCustomization).
oemconfiggtk
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ oen-cohf1g-gtk
RemastersysforUbuntu(http://sourceforge.net/projects/remastersys/).Fortips,seethispage.
Reconstructor(https://www.reconstructor.org/projects/reconstructor/wiki/UserGuide).Theopensourceenginecanbedownloaded
(https://www.reconstructor.org/projects/reconstructor/files)andinstalledasa.debpackage.
Run Ubuntu LiveCD from a USB pendrive
TheUbuntuLiveCDcanbeinstalledonandrunfromaUSBpendrive.Settingscanbe"persistently"saved(buttheLiveCDkernelmodulescan
notbeupgraded).Programscanbeinstalledandrun,however,andfilessavedtotheUSBdrive.(Theinstalledprogramswillremaininstalled).
AnUbuntuLiveCDisneededtodotheinstallation.Foradditionalinfo,seetheUbuntuCommunitydocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick)orthePendrivelinuxinstructions(http://www.pendrivelinux.com/creatingan
ubuntuliveusbfromcd/).
ubuntuliveusbfromcd/).
TheUSB"LiveCD"canbeusedtoinstallUbuntuoncomputers(includingnetbooks)thatdonothaveCDROM/DVDdrives.
USBpendrivestobeusedtorunUbuntushouldhaveaminimumof2Gb(preferably4Gb).Ifyouwishtoinstallafast,fullyfunctionalLinux
systemonapendrivethathaslessmemorythanthat,usePuppyLinux(http://www.puppylinux.org/)orLubuntu
(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Lubuntu).
USB Creator
Youcanmakea"LiveCD"onaUSBpendriveusingUSBCreatorandeitheraLiveCDoran.isoversionoftheLiveCDstoredonyourhard
drive.USBCreatorisinstalledbydefaultinUbuntu.Ifnot,install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ usb-ceato-gtk
Run:
Menu>System>StartupDiskCreator
Create a boot CD to allow booting from the USB drive
ManycomputersdonotallowbootingfromaUSBdrive(buttheydoallowbootingfromtheCDROM).YoucancreateaCDROMusing
thesePendrivelinuxinstructions(http://www.pendrivelinux.com/makeausbbootcdforubuntu910/)andsetyourBIOStobootfromthisCD
ROM.WhenyoubootfromthisCDROM,itwillusethebootupfilesontheUbuntuUSBdriveyoupreviouslycreated(inthestepabove).
User Administration
Users and Groups
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups
AddNewUsers
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>Add
RemoveUsers
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>user>Delete
ModifyUsers
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>user>AdvancedSettings
or
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>user>ManageGroups
Itisquiteoftennecessarytohaveextraprivilegestodocertaintasks.Theseprivilegesareassignedtoyouruserbybelongingtocertaingroups.
Thetasksareallowedtobeperformedbyanyuserbelongingtothegroupassociatedwiththattask.
Lxomple:a"sudoer"isauserwhocanperformcertainadministrativetasks,suchasupdatingthesystem.Tobecomea"sudoer"auser
mustbelongtothe"sudo"group.
Menu>System>Administration>UsersandGroups>user>ManageGroups>suJo>Properties>GroupMembers>user
(ric|eJ)
Tobecomeanadministrator,youmustbelongtotheadm,admin,andsudogroups.Tobeavirtualboxuser,youmustbelongtothevirtualbox
group.Tochangeprintersettingsyoumustbelongtolpadmin.Tousethecdrom,youmustbelongtocdrom.Tousehotpluggabledevices,you
mustbelongtoplugdev.ToshareSambafolders(onaWindowsbasednetwork),youmustbelongtosambashare.ToaccessNTFSfilesusing
thevirtualfilesystemfuse,youmustbelongtothefusegroup.Tousemanygames,youmustbelongtothegamesgroup.Thelistislong,andnot
alwaysobvious.
Unfortunately,whilethisisthefeaturethatgivesLinuxsuchahighlevelofsecurity,itcanalsotakediligencetoremembertoaddyouruserto
certaingroups.Itisnotuncommonforprogramsandfunctionsonyoursystemnottoworkmerelybecauseyoudon'thaveprivilegestodoso
becauseyouforgottoaddyourusertotheappropriategroup(s).
Ofmostimportance,youmustalreadybeanadministratorinordertochangemembershipingroups.Therefore,ifyoucreateanewuserand
intendtogivethatuseradministrativeprivileges(byassigningtheusertotheadministrativegroups),youmustdosofromyouroriginal
intendtogivethatuseradministrativeprivileges(byassigningtheusertotheadministrativegroups),youmustdosofromyouroriginal
administratoraccount(theoneyousetupatinstallation)orfromanotheradministrativeuseraccount.
Timekpr (Parental controls)
Timekpr(http://timekpr.blogspot.com/)isaprogramtotrackandcontrolthecomputerusageofuseraccounts.
Ifupdating,removeanypriorversions:
sudo dpkg --puge t1nekp
Addthetimekprthirdpartyrepositories:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.hedbeg
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ t1nekp
Whenpromptedwhichdefaultdisplaymanagertouse,select"gdm"
Start:
Menu>System>Administration>TimekprControlPanel
Web content filtering
DansGuardian(http://dansguardian.org/)provideswebfilteringcapability,similartoNetNanny.Itisusefulforlimitingobjectionablecontentin
publiclyaccessibleworkstations,orforfilteringobjectionablecontentforyoungerusers.ItintegrateswithClamAV,andusesseveralcriteriafor
filteringwebsites(whichisdifficulttomodify).ItisusedwithTinyproxy(https://www.banu.com/tinyproxy/)(bestforindividualusers)orthe
Squid(http://www.squidcache.org/)proxy(bestforanetworkserver).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dahsguad1ah t1hypoxy
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dahsguad1ah squ1d
Seetheseinstallationinstructions(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Servers/DansGuardian)forsetupdetails.Inbrief,
Editthedansguardianconfigurationfile:
sudo haho 7etc7dahsguad1ah7dahsguad1ah.cohf
commentouttheUNCONFIGUREDline:
#UNCuNFTuUREu
IfusingtinyproxyinsteadofSquid,changetheproxyportto8888:
poxypot BBBB
Reinstalldansguardian:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ --e1hstaJJ dahsguad1ah
Setyourbrowsertousethelocalhost:8080proxy.Forexample,inFirefox:
Firefox>Edit>Preferences>Advanced>Network>Settings
Manualproxyconfiguration>HTTPproxy:localhost>Port:8080
AWebminmodule(http://sourceforge.net/projects/dgwebminmodule)isavailabletoadministersettings.Also,aGUI
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=207008&page=8)tochangeDansguardiansettingscalledWebstrict
(http://www.ubuntume.com/webstrict)isindevelopment.
(http://www.ubuntume.com/webstrict)isindevelopment.
AGUIforusewithIPCop(http://www.dageek.co.uk/ipcop/addonz/dansgui.htm)(basedonthewebminmodule)isalsoavailable.
System Administration
Automating Tasks
Cronisasystemdaemonthatrunstasksinthebackgroundaccordingtoinstructionsfoundinacrontabfile.Toeditthecrontabfileforthe
currentuser:
cohtab -e
Tasksthatnormallyrequireadministrative(sudo)privilegesshouldbeaddedtotherootuser'scrontab:
sudo cohtab -e
Addcommandsusingtheformatspecifiedhere(http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/crontab.html)(orseetheUbuntu
CommunityHelp(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CronHowto)).Thecrontabcommandformatcanalsobefoundusing:
nah cohtab
Scheduled/automatedtasks(cronevents)canalsobeeditedusingtheGNOMEschedule(http://gnomeschedule.sourceforge.net/)GUI
interface.
Menu>System>Administration>TaskScheduler
IftheGNOMEScheduletaskschedulerisnotinstalled,installit:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghone-scheduJe
Boot Menu
Login Menu settings
YoucanchangetheLoginmenusettingsfromtheGUIinterface:
Menu>System>Administration>LoginManager
Youcanchooseanintegratedthemeorselectindividualcomponentsoftheloginscreen/process.
Automating bootup options
StartupManagerisaGUItomanagesettingsforGrub(GrubLegacy),Grub2,Usplash,andSplashy.
GRUB boot manager settings
Grub2
OneiriccomeswithGrub2(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html),adifficultbootmanagertocustomize.(Grub2isalsoknown
asgrubpc.)SeetheevolvinginstructionsattheUbuntuwiki(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Grub2)orUbuntuforums
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1195275).Inbrief,somesettingscanbeedited:
sudo haho 7etc7defauJt7gub
sudo gub-nkcohf1g --output=7boot7gub7gub.cfg
Alternatively,usethecommand:
sudo update-gub
Grub2 background image, colors, fonts
SeethisUbuntuForumsthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=10720685#post10720685).
AnybackgroundimagecanbeusedforGrub2byplacingtheimageinthe/boot/grubfolderandthenreconfiguringGrub2:
sudo update-gub
TheimageoughttobethesamesizeastheGrub2startupresolutionspecifiedin/etc/default/grub(e.g.1024x768).
Aselectionofsplashimagescanbeinstalledintothe/usr/share/images/grubfolder:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gub2-spJash1nages
Oneoftheimagescanbelinkedtothe/boot/grubfolderandusedasthesplashimage.Forexample:
sudo Jh -s 7us7shae71nages7gub7PJasna-Janp.tga 7boot7gub
sudo update-gub
Protecting Grub2 from cracking
SeethissectionoftheGrubManual(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Security)forimportantinformationonsecuring
Grub2.
Toaddpasswordprotection,inthe/etc/grub.d/40_customconfigurationfile,addthelines:
set supeuses="user1"
#passWodpbkdf2 user1 grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.bgJongs!rng
passWod user1 nsecurecJear!ex!password
andchangeyourpasswordtosomethingotherthaninsecurecleorrexrpossworJ,orusethepbkdf2encryptedmethoddescribedhere
(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Security).Youcanthenpasswordlockmenuitemsaswell.Fordetailedinfoseethisblog
(http://www.panoet.com/setgrub2passwordprotection149).
GRUB Legacy
TheolderversionofGRUB("GrubLegacy(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/legacy/grub.html)")isavailable,forusewithaboot
partition,forexample.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gub
Ifyouhavemultipleoperatingsystems(OS)onyourcomputer,youmaybeusingtheGRUBLegacybootmanager(inabootpartition,for
example).YoucanedittheoptionsforGRUBLegacyinthemenu.lstconfigurationfile.(Seethisdetailedinfo.)
(geditcanalsobeusedinsteadofnanoasthetexteditor.)
Chainloading Grub2 from Grub Legacy
TochainloadGrub2(installedinthisexampleinthe/Jev/sJo7partition)fromGrubLegacy,useanentryofthisformatintheGrubLegacy
menu.lstconfigurationfile(storedinabootpartition,forexample):
t1tJe Kubuhtu have1ck u5 {cha1hJoade}
oothove1fy hd0,6}
keheJ 7boot7gub7coe.1ng
Protecting Grub Legacy from cracking
SeethissectionoftheGrubManual(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/legacy/grub.html#Security)forimportantinformationon
securingGrubLegacy.
Toaddpasswordprotection,inthe/boot/grub/menu.lstconfigurationfile,uncomment(removethehashmark)fromtheline:
#passWod !opsecre!
andchangeyourpasswordtosomethingotherthanropsecrer,orusethemd5encryptedmethoddescribedhere
(http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/legacy/grub.html#Security).Youcanthenpasswordlockmenuitemsbyaddingthedescriptorloc|
belowthetitleofanyitemmenu.
Default Applications
Default Applications
Inpreviousversionofubuntu,youcouldchoosewhichprogramtouseasyourdefaultprogramforaspecifictask.
Menu>System>Administration>DefaultApplications
orbyriqnr-clic|inqonanyfileandchoosingthe"OpenwithOtherApplication..."option.
TheDefaultApplicationsmenuhasnowbeenremovedfromUbuntu,however.ForaGUIthatwillallowthisandmultiplesimilarUbuntu
systemtweaks,installUbuntuTweak(http://ubuntutweak.com/):
Wget http.77Jauhchpad.het7ubuhtu-tWeak7u.5.x7u.5.B7+doWhJoad7ubuhtu-tWeaku.5.B-1aJJ.deb
sudo dpkg -1 ubuhtu-tWeaku.5.B-1aJJ.deb
Kill a process
Sometimesaprogram(or"process")justfreezes.To"kill"(orend)theprogram/process:
Menu>System>Administration>SystemMonitor>highlighttheerrantprocess>Killprocess
Fromthecommandline:
sudo k1JJaJJ process
whereprocessisthenameofthefrozenprogram,suchas[ire[ox.
Enabling NUM LOCK On Startup
Menu>System>Administration>Keyboard&Mouse>Keyboard>"turnonNumlockonStartup"
Working with Menus
Create an encrypted folder
Youcancreateafolderwhosecontentsareencrypted.Seetheseinstructions(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedPrivateDirectory).
Create a symlink from a file to another location
Asymboliclink(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_link)(alsoknownasasymlink)isamethodinLinuxofreferringtoafile(ordirectory)
inonelocationfromanotherlocation.Usage:
Jh -s pa!h!osource pa!h!odes!na!on
If/porn/ro/Jesrinorionrequiressuperuserrights,thenuse:
sudo Jh -s pa!h!osource pa!h!odes!na!on
Thisissimilarto,butmorepowerfulthan,creatingShortcuts,withwhichformerWindowsusersmaybefamiliar.
Assign a root password
Tobeabletologinasrootdirectly,youmustassignarootpassword.Thiscanbedonewith:
sudo passWd oot
Afterwards,youcanuse
su
togetarootprompt.Youwouldthenusetherootpassword.
Get a root prompt without using a root password
Ifyouhavenotsetarootpassword(ordon'tknowit),youcanobtainrootuserprivilegesanyway.FromthecommandlineTerminal:
sudo -s
sudo -s
or
sudo su
or
sudo bash
Youwilluseyourownuserpasswordinsteadofarootpassword.
Youcouldalsogetaprompttobecomeanyotheruseronthecomputerbytyping:
sudo su <usehane>
Use the File Manager as root
sudo haut1Jus
or
gksudo haut1Jus
Manually Mount and Unmount a device
Tomanuallymountadevice:
nouht 7dev7hda
replace/dev/hdawiththelocationofthedevice.
Tomanuallyunmountadevice:
unouht 7dev7hda
replace/dev/hdawiththelocationofthedevice.
Windows Compatibility
Mounting NTFS Partitions (with read/write privileges)
Findoutthenameofyourntfspartition:
sudo fd1sk -J
Method1:Inthisexample,theNTFSdriveislistedbyfdiskas/dev/sda2,butyoursmaydiffer.
Makeamountpointforthedrive:
sudo nkd1 7ned1a7W1hdoWsNTF5
Editfstab:
CommentouttheautomaticallyaddedlinesbyUbuntuinstallation:
#7dev7sda2 auto house,at1ne,hoauto,W,hodev,hoexec,hosu1d u u
#7dev7sda2 7nht auto use,at1ne,hoauto,W,hodev,hoexec,hosu1d u u
andinsteadaddtheline:
7dev7sda2 7ned1a7W1hdoWsNTF5 htfs-3g qu1et,defauJts,W u u
Note:Therearemanywaystomountthedrive,dependingonyourneeds.Thefstab(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab)filecontrolsthisprocess.
SeeHowtoeditandunderstandfstab(http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/fstab.html)andIntrotousingfstab
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=283131).
Inthisexample,Iindicatedthatthefilesystemwasanntfs3gfilesystem,sodidnotusetheautooption(whichdetectsthefilesystem
automatically).Iusedrwtospecifyread/writeprivilegesforallusers,butumask=0andumask=000areacceptedbysomekernels.
Method2:Editfstab:
WhenUbuntuinstallationfinishes,itmountsallntfspartitionsautomaticallywithntfsprogs,addingalinesimilartothefollowingtofstab:
UUTu=B42B2795 7ned1a7sda1 htfs defauJts,g1d=4 u 1
Changethislineto:
UUTu=B42B2795 7ned1a7sda1 htfs-3g defauJts,hJs=utfB,JocaJe=zhCN.UTF-B,W,g1d=4 u 1
Inthisexample,IhaveaChineselanguageWindowsinstallationonmyfirstpartition,soIsetthelocaleparameter(locale=zh_CN.UTF8)so
thatmyChinesedocumentscandisplaycorrectly.Settingrw(sameasumask=0orumask=000)letsmeread/writethepartitionwithoutsudo.
gid=46specifiesthatthedrivewillbelongtothegroupofhotpluggabledevices(plugdev)andisnotnecessaryunlessyourntfsdriveisahot
pluggableone(suchasanexternalUSBdrive).nls=utf8isthedefaultandisoptionalformostntfsusers,butthereareotheroptionsforChinese
(andotherspecializedcharactersetusers).
Mounting FAT32 Partitions
Followtheaboveinstructions,butusevfatinsteadofntfs3g.
Inotherwords,ifyouhavemadeamountpointdirectory/mnt/WindowsFAT32andyourFAT32driveis/dev/sda3,theneditthe/etc/fstabfileto
includetheline:
7dev7sda3 7nht7W1hdoWsFAT32 vfat qu1et,defauJts,W u u
Synchronize clock to network time server
TheNetworkTimeProtocol(NTP)allowstimesynchronizationofyourcomputertotimeserversontheInternet.Toenableit:
Applicationsmenu>SystemSettings>Date&Time
Checkthe"Setdateandtimeautomatically"option
Chooseanntptimeservernearyou.
Hardware
CPU and motherboard
TheLinuxkernelinversionsof(K)UbuntustartingwithKarmicKoalaimplementedmandatoryCPUtemperatureandfanspeedsensor
monitoring(whichwasoptionalinpreviouskernels).TheoutputfromthesensorsisusedtoeffectCPUscaling(throttling)intheeventof"outof
range"temperaturevalues.However,notallmotherboards/CPUshavesensordriversavailable,andduetoabuginthefeedbackroutine,missing
sensorsdriversincorrectlyreportasan"outofrange"errorinthekernel.Originallythisthrewmultipleerrorswhichwerelogged(usingrsyslogd)
toboththe/var/log/kern.logandthe/var/log/syslogfiles,fillingthemtomultipleGbsizewithinafewhours.Thishadtheeffectofslowing,then
freezing,themachine.Currently,themachinewillsimplynotboot.
Ifyourmachineisaffectedbythisproblem,youmayberestrictedtoversionsof(K)UbuntuthatareJauntyorearlier(oryoumustundertake
extensiveworkarounds).
Disable CPU Frequency scaling
(Note:TheseinstructionsmaynotworkwithnewerLinuxkernels.)MymotherboarddoesnothavedriversformyCPUfansensor.Therefore,
theLinuxkernelcannotmonitorthetemperatureandfanspeedsproperlyandthrottlestheCPU(akafrequencyscaling)inappropriately.Thishas
theeffectofslowingorfreezingmycomputer.Toturnoffthisbehavior,IusedtheDebianRCConfutility:
theeffectofslowingorfreezingmycomputer.Toturnoffthisbehavior,IusedtheDebianRCConfutility:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ccohf
sudo ccohf
anduncheckedtheONDEMANDitem.(Ialsouncheckedthefancontrolitem).Ithenrebooted.Formoreinfo,seethis
(http://www.tuxwire.com/?p=5757).
libsensors
libsensors(libsensors3and/orlibsensors4)isamodulethatallowsaninterface(suchaslmsensors)tomonitoryourmotherboard/CPUtempand
fanspeeds.Youcanadjustsettings:
sudo kate 7etc7sehsos.cohf
sehsos -s
libsensorsandlmsensorsarenotusedbytheLinuxkernel(whichusesotherroutines).
SomehardwareCPUsensorsarenotrecognizedbytheLinuxkernel,causingsystemslowdownorfreezing.Here(http://www.lm
sensors.org/wiki/FAQ/Chapter3#Mysensorshavestoppedworkinginkernel2.6.31)issomeinfoabouthardware/sensorsproblems.
Sensors-applet (Motherboard monitoring)
Sensorsapplet(orxsensors)istheGnome(Ubuntu)frontendforlmsensors.Thesesensorsmonitorthetemperatureandfanspeedsensorsof
yourmotherboard.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sehsos-appJet Jn-sehsos
sudo sehsos-detect
sehsos-appJet
Makesureyoursensorsareinstalled.
sehsos
Formoreinfo,seethisthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2780).
Graphics Cards
Frequency Out of Range / Choose New Resolution
IfthiserrorappearswhenbootingNattyNarwhal,seethesolutionfoundhereatUbuntuForums
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=10747748#post10747748):
Editthegrubconfigurationfile:
sudo ged1t 7etc7defauJt7gub
Editthelines:
# The esoJut1oh used oh gaph1caJ ten1haJ
# hote that you cah use ohJy nodes Wh1ch you gaph1c cad suppots v1a vBE
# you cah see then 1h eaJ uRUB W1th the connahd `vbe1hfo'
#uRUBuFXhuuE=4ux4Bu
byremovingthecommenthashmarkandchoosinganappropriateresolutionsothatthelinesresemble:
# The esoJut1oh used oh gaph1caJ ten1haJ
# hote that you cah use ohJy nodes Wh1ch you gaph1c cad suppots v1a vBE
# you cah see then 1h eaJ uRUB W1th the connahd `vbe1hfo'
uRUBuFXhuuE=1u24x7B
Rebuildthegrubconfigurationfile:
sudo update-gub
Install Latest Nvidia/ATI drivers
UbuntuusesaGUIfrontendtoJockey(https://launchpad.net/jockey)fortheinstallationoftheproprietarynVidiadrivers(andotherproprietary
UbuntuusesaGUIfrontendtoJockey(https://launchpad.net/jockey)fortheinstallationoftheproprietarynVidiadrivers(andotherproprietary
drivers).
Menu>System>HardwareDrivers
Sometimesafterakernelupgradeaproprietarydrivermaystopworking.Insuchacase,tryinstallingthenewlinuxheadersthatmatchthe
newlyupgradedkernel:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1hux-heades-${uhane -}
Ifdkmsandbuildessentialhaveneverbeeninstalledonyoursystem,thesecanalsobeworthwhile:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dkns bu1Jd-esseht1aJ
Intel integrated graphics cards
WiththedefaultinstallationofMaverick,mycomputerwithintegratedIntelgraphicsblankedthescreenatbootupandthenfroze.These
stepsworkaroundthisproblem.
Whenbootingup,chooserecoverymodeasroot(or"rootwithnetworking").Thiswillgivethecommandline(asrootuser).
EdittheGrub2configurationfile:
sudo haho 7etc7defauJt7gub
Changetheline:
uRUBChuLTNELTNUXuEFAULT="qu1et"
to
uRUBChuLTNELTNUXuEFAULT="qu1et 1915.nodeset=u"
ThenregeneratetheGrub2configurationfile:
sudo gub-nkcohf1g --output=7boot7gub7gub.cfg
WhenIthenrebooted,mygraphicsworked.
Intel graphics resolution problems
OnafreshinstallationofKarmicKoalaIhadnoproblemswithmyonboardIntelgraphicscard.However,onanupdatefromJauntyto
Karmic,IcouldnotgethigherscreenresolutionsthesameproblemIhadinJaunty.Asolutiontoachievehigherresolutionsistorevert
totheoldInteldrivers(usedinIntrepid),asdetailedhere(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReinhardTartler/X/RevertingIntelDriverTo2.4).
Screen Keeps Flickering
IfyouhaveanIntelCorporationMobile915GM/GMS/910GMLcard,yourscreenmayflickerevery510seconds.Topreventthis:
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>ServiceManager>Uncheck"DetectRANDR(monitor)changes"
Reconfigure xserver-xorg
sudo dpkg-ecohf1gue xseve-xog
xorg.conf
BeforeinstallinganydriverforATIornvidia,pleasemakebackupxorg.confbeforefollowingthismethod.
sudo cp 7etc7X117xog.cohf 7etc7X117xog.cohf.bak
Ifyouhaveeditedthisfilebutwouldlikeittobeautomaticallyupdatedagain,runthefollowingcommand:
sudo dpkg-ecohf1gue -ph1gh xseve-xog
Ifyouwanttotrythisxorg.confafterinstallingthedriver,youmustbackupyourxorg.confasfollowing.Andthen,edit/etc/X11/xorg.confin
texteditor.Add or modifythisxorg.confsample.
xorg.conf for nvidia
5ect1oh "5ceeh"
Tdeht1f1e "uefauJt 5ceeh"
uev1ce "Cohf1gued v1deo uev1ce"
hoh1to "Cohf1gued hoh1to"
5ub5ect1oh "u1spJay"
uepth 1
hodes "12Bux1u24" "1u24x7B"
upt1oh "AddARuBuLXv1suaJs" "Tue"
Ehd5ub5ect1oh
upt1oh "AddARuBuLXv1suaJs" "Tue"
uefauJtdepth 24
Ehd5ect1oh
5ect1oh "hoduJe"
Load "gJx"
Load "uLcoe"
Load "v4J"
Ehd5ect1oh
5ect1oh "uev1ce"
Tdeht1f1e "Cohf1gued v1deo uev1ce"
Boadhane "vesa"
Bus1d "PCT.1.u.u"
u1ve "hv1d1a"
5ceeh u
Ehd5ect1oh

5ect1oh "uev1ce"
Tdeht1f1e "uev1ceu"
BoadNane "uehe1c uefoce 55uu"
u1ve "hv1d1a"
vehdohane "NvTuTA Copoat1oh"
upt1oh "uuaJhead" "1"
upt1oh "5hadoWFB" "1"
upt1oh "FP5caJe" "1"
upt1oh "TW1hv1eW" "Tue"
upt1oh "TW1hv1eWu1ehtat1oh" "R1ghtuf"
upt1oh "UseEd1dFeqs" "Tue"
upt1oh "hetanodes" "1u24x7B,1u24x7B"
upt1oh "Useu1spJayuev1ce" "uFP"
Ehd5ect1oh

5ect1oh "uev1ce"
Tdeht1f1e "v1deocadu"
u1ve "hv"
vehdoNane "NvTuTA Copoat1oh"
BoadNane "ueFoce 7uu uT"
Ehd5ect1oh

5ect1oh "Thputuev1ce"
Tdeht1f1e "uehe1c Keyboad"
u1ve "kbd"
upt1oh "XkbRuJes" "xog"
upt1oh "XkbhodeJ" "pc1u5"
upt1oh "XkbLayout" "us"
Ehd5ect1oh
Tdeht1f1e "Cohf1gued house"
u1ve "nouse"
Ehd5ect1oh
5ect1oh "5eveLayout"
Tdeht1f1e "uefauJt Layout"
sceeh u "uefauJt 5ceeh" u u
Ehd5ect1oh

5ect1oh "Extehs1ohs"
upt1oh "Conpos1te" "EhabJe"
Ehd5ect1oh
Installation of ATI and nVidia Graphics drivers
nVidia Driver
ThecurrentproprietarynVidiadriversareautomaticallyinstalledusing:
Menu>System>Administration>HardwareDrivers
Lookforthecurrentdriverstoactivatethere.
Herearealternatemanualinstructions.
Pleasemakeabackupofxorg.confbeforefollowingthismethod.
Installthenvidiasettingspackage:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hv1d1a-sett1hgs
DownloadthenVidiadriver:
Wget -u NvTuTA-L1hux-xB-pkg1.uh http.77WWW.hv1d1a.con7uoWhJoad71hdex.aspx?Jahg=eh-us
sudo sh NvTuTA-L1hux-xB-pkg1.uh
andchooseyestoanyverboseresponse.Afteryouinstallthedriver,rebootyourcomputer.
ATI Driver
IfyouhaveproblemswithATIdriversafterupgrading,checkthislink(http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Jaunty_Installation_Guide)for
solutionstocommonproblemswithATI.
Monitors / Displays
Turn off power saving
EvenwhenonACpower,thepowersaverfeatureofUbuntusometimeschangesthescreenbrightnesstothebatterysettingonlaptops.Thiswas
aproblemwiththeACPIpowermanagementmoduleinthepast,butshouldnowbefixed.Ifnot,changethesettings:
ToaccesstheGuidancePowerManagermodule,clickonthepowericononthedesktoptaskbar.
Changethebrightnesssettingfor"Batterypowered"tomaximum.
Youcanalsoturnoffpowermanagementsettings(invokedwhenthecomputerisidle):
Menu>System>Preferences>PowerManagement>Display>Putdisplaytosleepwheninactivefor:Never>Close
Configure Dual Monitors with nVidia
MakesurethatthenVidiadriverhasbeeninstalledandisfunctioningproperlyonyourfirstscreen.Also,makesurebothmonitorsare
connected.
Menu>Administration>NVIDIAXServerSettings
orfromthecommandlineterminal(TerminalorKonsole)type:
sudo hv1d1a-sett1hgs
Select"XServerDisplayConfiguration".
Youshouldsee3boxes(2ifyourcarddoesn'thaveanSVideoout).Fromhereyoucanconfigureallofyourcard'soutputs.
Checkthe"(Disabled)"box.
Select"Configure...".
ThemostcommonchoiceisTwinView.Selectit.
Setupthedesiredscreenresolutionsandpositionsofyourtwoactivedisplays.
Thenewdisplaywilllikelyhaveresolutionsetto"Auto"tomatchyourfirst.Changethisifyouwish.
Leavethefirstscreen'spositionas"Absolute"andsetyourseconddisplay'spositionrelativetothat.
"Clone"meansthesameoutputonboth.
Onceyouaresatisfiedwithyoursettings,hitApplytotestthem.
Note:ifyourdisplaysaresidebyside,thekickermayextendacrossbothscreensaswellasanymaximizedapplications.This
willbecorrectedwhentheXserverisrestarted.
Ifeverythingelseisok,hit"SavetoXConfigurationFile".NowhitCtrl+Alt+BackspacetorestartX.Younowhave2
screens!
Troubleshooting:iftheXserverfailstoreloadyoucanrecoveryouroldXconfiguration.Inaterminal:
sudo cp 7etc7X117xog.cohf.backup 7etc7X117xog.cohf
Hard Drives and USB Storage
Optical Drives
Printers & Scanners
ThenewCUPSinterfacerecognizesmanyprinters.SpecificprintersnotrecognizedcanoftenbeinstalledusinginstructionsfoundattheLinux
FoundationOpenPrintingdatabase(http://www.openprinting.org/printer_list.cgi).
Add a Printer
Menu>System>Administration>Printing>Server>New>Printer
Mostofthetime,yourprinter(ifconnectedandturnedon)willbedetectedautomatically.
MynetworkprinterwithitsownIPaddressat192.168.0.124wascorrectlyinstalledat
socket://192.168.0.124:9100.
YoucanalsochooseprintersonaWindowssystemviaSambaandothertypesofnetworkedprinters,inadditiontodirectlyconnectedprinters.
Use CUPS web interface
Fromanywebbrowser,gototheURL:
http://localhost:631
Brother printers
MostBrotherprintersareautodetectedorcanbeinstalleddirectlyfromtheCUPSinterface.Foradditionaldriversandinstructionsseethe
Brotherhelpsite(http://welcome.solutions.brother.com/bsc/public_s/id/linux/en/index.html).Forinformationonaspecificmodel,seetheLinux
OpenPrintingsite(http://www.openprinting.org/printer_list.cgi?make=Brother).
MFC7820N
HP Printers
ForHewlettPackardprinters/scanners,installhplipandhplipgui.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hpJ1p hpJ1p-gu1
Addtheprinter:
Menu>Applications>SystemTools>HPToolbox
Thisshouldsetupprinter/scannersforscanningaswell.
Forscanning,installXsane:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sahe xsahe
Run:
Menu>Applications>Graphics>Xsaneimagescanning
AfulllibraryofLinuxdriversforHPprintersishere(http://hplipopensource.com/hplipweb/index.html).
Sound
Ifyougetnosoundwithafreshinstall,checkthatthesoundlevelsarenotsettozero.Clickonthesound(speaker)icononthepanel,andthen
mixer.Youmayneedtoexpandthedialogwindowtoshowlabels.Ensurelevelsaren'tsettozero,especiallyPCM.
PulseAudio
Soundin(K)UbuntuisroutedbyPhononeitherdirectlytoyoursoundcardorthroughthePulseAudiosoundsystem.TousePulseAudio,you
mustinstallit.ThiscanbedonebyinstallingthePulseAudiocontrolmodules(whichwillinstallpulseaudioasadependency):
InstallPulseAudiowiththecontrolmodules:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pavucohtoJ papefs
AlthoughInolongeruseit,inolderversionsof(K)UbuntuIalso(optionally)installedasystemtraywidget:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ padevchoose
padevchoose
Someexperimentationwiththesettingsin
Menu>System>SystemSettings>Multimedia
maybenecessarytomakesoundonyoursystemworkproperly.
TrysettingPulseAudioasthefirstsoundsystemifyouarehavingtroublesgettingsound(evenifyouareusingALSA).Ifthatdoesn'twork,try
makingitthelastchoice.
SomeprogramsrequireALSAsoundandtrytosendsounddirectlythroughALSAdrivers.Checkyourprogram'spreferencessectiontoseeif
ALSAisselected.YoumayhavetoswitchtoPulseAudio(orevenOSSound)ifyoucan'tgetsound.
HDMI with PulseAudio
IcouldonlygetmyHDMIaudioonmycomputertoworkthisway,andIcan'tquitefigureoutwhyitworks.
IcheckedtomakesuremyMobileIntel4SeriesHDMIaudiodriverwasinstalled(itispartofthemostrecentkernels):
apJay -J
apJay -L
ThistoldmetheHDMIcardwasrecognizedandconfiguredproperly.TheproblemwasthatnomatterwhatIdid,Icouldn'tgetthesoundpiped
throughtheHDMIcardusingALSA,Kmixoranyothersettings(Itriedeverypermutation).
InPAVUControlIselectedtheHDMIcardastheoutputdevice:
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioVolumeControl>Configuration>InternalAudio>DigitalStereo(HDMI)Output
TheneverythingplayedthroughtheHDMIaudiocard(throughthecabletomyHDTV).
ThisworkedwhetherIhadPulseAudioselectedasthedefaultaudioornot(inSystemsettings>Multimedia).Don'taskmewhy.
MyHDMIport/outputisonlyrecognizediftheHDMIcableispluggedinatbootup(itdoesnotmatterwhethertheHDTVpowerisonor
not).IfIplugintheHDMIcableafterbootup,itisn'trecognized.
Afterdoingthis,everyprogramIuseworks:VLC,Audacious,orwhatever.Itdoesnotseemtomatterwhethertheapplicationisusing
Default,ALSA,orPulseAudiofortheaudiooutputplugin.Noneofthismakessensetome,butitworks.I'mhappytobeabletoplay
HDMImovies(throughVLC)tomyHDTV.
Tochangesoundoutputbacktomycomputer'sinternalspeakers(ALSA),Ireturnedtheoutputsetting:
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioVolumeControl>Configuration>InternalAudio>AnalogStereoOutput
Recording with PulseAudio
TosetthePulseAudioinputsthatwillberecordedbyanapplication(suchasAudacityorFFMPEG),therecordingmustbealreadystarted!Only
thencantheinputs(toberecorded)beselectableinPulseAudio.
Forexample,torecordfromapluginmicrophoneusingAudacity,makesurethemicrophoneispluggedin.MakesureintheSoundMixer
(icon)thatthemicrophoneisnotmutedandthatthelevelsaresetappropriately.
InPulseAudioVolumeControl,selectthedevicethatwillbetheinput.
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioVolumeControl>InputDevices>Show:All Inpur Devices
>InternalAnalogAudioStereo:Port:Anoloq micropnone
Ofcourse,youshouldusethedeviceyouwishtousehere.YoucanalsoselecttheMoniror o[ Inrernol Anoloq AuJio Srereodevice,whichwill
useasaninputtotherecording/captureapplicationwhateverhappenstobeplayingthroughthesoundcard(exceptforhardwareinputs).
StartAudacity(orotherrecordingapplication).Makesure(inAudacity)thattheDevicestoolbarisvisible:
Menu>Multimedia>Audacity>View>Toolbars>DeviceToolbar(ric|eJ)
AssumingyouareusingALSA,makesureALSAisselected,andthatpulseisselectedforboththeoutputandmicrophoneinputontheDevice
Toolbar.Startrecording.
StartPulseAudioVolumeControl.UndertheRecordingtab,youshouldseeAudacitylistedas"ALSAplugin:[audacity]:ALSACapture
from:Inrernol AuJio Anoloq Srereo.Ifitisn't,thenselectit.(Thisisthetrickypartthattookmealongtimetodiscover.)
Airport Express
Airport Express with Pulse Audio
AudiooutputcanbestreamedoveryourlocalnetworktoanAirportExpress.Thesecapabilitiesrequirepulseaudiomodulezeroconf(forthe
Zeroconf/Bonjournetworkingprotocol)andpulseaudiomoduleraop(forAirportExpress).
InstallPulseAudio:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ puJseaud1o
Reboottofinishtheinstallation.
SelectPulseAudioastheoutputdevicein
Menu>System>SystemSettings>Multimedia>DevicePreference
andmove"Playback/recordingthroughthePulseAudiosoundserver"tothetopofeverycategory(oratleasttheonesforwhichyouwish
tousePulseAudio).
Testsomeaudio(e.g.playbackthroughAmarok)tomakesurethePulseAudiosystemisworking.Someapplicationsspecificallyrequire
thatthePulseAudiooutputisspecifiedintheirconfigurationsettings,andsomeapplicationsrequireaseparatePulseAudiopluginto
functionproperly.
InstalladditionalmodulesinordertouseBonjour/Zeroconfandraop(AirportExpressoutput):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ puJseaud1o-noduJe-zeocohf puJseaud1o-noduJe-aop
InstallutilitiestocontrolthepreferencesandvolumeofvariousPulseAudiodevices:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ papefs pavucohtoJ
EnablediscoveryoftheAirportExpressbyPulseAudio:
Menu>Settings>PulseAudioPreferences(SoundAudiopreferences)>NetworkAccess
andcheckboth:
Makediscoverablenetworksounddevicesavailablelocally
MakediscoverableAppleAirtunesdevicesavailablelocally
ItisnotcleartomewhichportsneedtoremainunblockedinorderforBonjour/ZeroconfandmDNStodiscovertheAEx.mDNSand
Bonjour/Zeroconfuseports5353,5000,and6000.(ThePulseAudioserverusesport4713.)However,evenwhenIunblockthesethe
AExdoesn'tseemtobeabletobediscovereduntilIturnoffthefirewallcompletely.(OncetheAExisdiscoveredIturnthefirewallback
onandthenhavenootherproblems).IusuallyjustaddtheIPaddressoftheAirportExpressontheLANtothelistoffirewallallowed
connections.(Doingthisstilldoesn'tallowittobediscovered,though,forunclearreasons.Still,aslongasaconnectiontotheIPaddress
oftheAExisallowed,IcanturnthefirewallbackimmediatelyaftertheAExislocatedbytheZeroconfdiscoveryandeverything
continuestostreamfine.)
IfyourLAN'srouterallowstrafficshaping(QoSprioritization),givingprioritytothetrafficto/fromtheAirportExpresscanimprove
performance.Finally,beawarethatscreensaverscaninterruptuninterruptedsmoothaudiooutputfromaPC.IftraffictotheAExbecomes
choppy,disableyourscreensaver.
OpenPulseAudioVolumeControl:
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioVolumeControl
IftheAExhasbeensuccessfullydiscovered(thefirewallmayhavetobeturnedofftemporarilyinorderfortheAExtobe
discovered)thenameoftheAExshouldshowupasanOutputDevice:
PulseAudioVolumeControl>OutputDevice>My ALx Nome
Ifdesired,theAExcanbesetasthedefault"fallback"outputdevicetoalwaysbeused:
PulseAudioVolumeControl>OutputDevice>My ALx Nome>click"Setasfallback"icon
Ifitisnotsetasthedefaultfallbackoutputdevice,itmustbemanuallyselectedasanoutputdeviceeachtime.
Starttheapplication(suchasAmarokorAudacious).Tomanuallyselectwhichoutputdeviceshouldbeused,openPulseAudioVolume
ControlandchoosethePlaybackoutputdevicefortheapplication:
PulseAudioVolumeControl>Playback>ALSA pluqin jAmoro|]: ALSA Ployboc| on:>My ALx Nome
Theoutputvolume(foranyoftheoutputdevices)canbeset:
PulseAudioVolumeControl>OutputDevice>My ALx Nome
Troubleshooting
Thiswasmyoldmethod.Itworks,butisprobablyunnecessary(andloadsalotofadditionalmodules).
Installpadvechooser(whichalsoinstallpaman,pavumeter,andpaprefs):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ padevchoose
Padevchooserisanappletforthetaskbarpanel.ThePulseAudioManagerisaccessiblethroughtheapplet.StartManager:
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioDeviceChooser>Manager>Devices>Sinks
SelecttheAirportExpressastheoutputdevice("sink"):
MyAExisdiscovered,butIgotnosoundthroughituntilIselecteditasthedefaultsink(output)byoneoftwomethods:
FromthePulseAudioDeviceChooser:
Menu>Multimedia>PulseAudioDeviceChooser>Manager>Devices>Sinks
IthennotedthenameofmyAirportExpressdevicetoberaop.BaseStatione60157.local,soIenteredthatasthesink:
PulseAudioDeviceChooser>Defaultsink>Other>raop.BaseStatione60157.local
raop-client (Airport Express streaming)
AnothermethodtostreamaudiototheAirportExpressusesraopclient,atoolwritteninRuby.Seeinformationhere
(http://mriou.wordpress.com/).
GSTransmit (Airport Express streaming)
GSTransmit(http://www.eltunes.com/)isatooltoallowGStreamerbasedutilitiestostreamoutputtoanAppleAirTunesDevice(suchasthe
AirportExpress).Itisavailableasaselfinstalling.debfilefromthewebsite.
Airfoil (Airport Express streaming)
YoucanstreammediafromaPCrunningWindowsorMacOSXconnectedtoanAirportExpressnetworktoyour(K)UbuntuLinuxdesktop,
usingAirfoil(http://www.rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/).(Unfortunatelyyoucannotsendmediaoutputfrom(K)UbunturotheAirportExpress
networkwithAirfoil,onlyreceive.)Thiscanbeusefulinadistributedmultimediasystem,forexample,inwhichyour(K)UbuntuPCis
connectedtoamediacenter.YoumustberunningMono.Youcandownloadthe.debpackageatRogueAmoeba
(http://www.rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/linux/speakers.php).InstallationinstructionsareatRogueAmoebaLinuxsupport
(http://getsatisfaction.com/rogueamoeba/topics/airfoil_cant_connect_to_linux_airfoil_speakers).
Mice
Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox
Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox
Addingtwolinestoxorg.confwillactivatesidemousebuttonsinFireFox.
Thisshouldworkwithmostbrandsofthe5buttonmouse.Hereisalistofmicethatworkedwiththisinstruction.
LogitechMX310
LogitechMX510
LogitechMX518
LogitechMX700
LogitechMXRevolution
IntellimouseExplorer(firstedition)
RazerCopperhead
BackupX.orgconfigurationfile
ModifytheX.orgconfigurationfile
kdesu kate 7etc7X117xog.cohf
FindtheInputDevicesectionforyourmouseandaddtwolinesasshownbelow.
Youmayalsoincreasethenumberofbuttonsifyourmousehasmorethan7justfixtherestofthesectionbaseduponthe
numberofbuttons.
Note:"back/forward","wheelclick"&"tiltleft/right"allcountasbuttons
Change:
u1ve "nouse"
upt1oh "CoePo1hte"
upt1oh "uev1ce" "7dev71hput7n1ce"
upt1oh "PotocoJ" "ExpJoeP572"
upt1oh "ZAx1shapp1hg" "4 5"
upt1oh "EnuJate3Buttohs" "tue"
Ehd5ect1oh
to:
u1ve "nouse"
upt1oh "CoePo1hte"
upt1oh "uev1ce" "7dev71hput7n1ce"
upt1oh "PotocoJ" "ExpJoeP572"
upt1oh "ZAx1shapp1hg" "4 5"
upt1oh "EnuJate3Buttohs" "tue"
upt1oh "Buttohs" "7"
upt1oh "Buttohhapp1hg" "1 2 3 7"
Ehd5ect1oh
Touchpad
ForSynapticsTouchpads:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gsyhapt1cs
Formoreinfo,seetheUbuntuhelpwiki(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad).
Wacom Pen Tablets
SupportfortheWacompentabletisintegratedintoJauntybydefault,includingforhotplugging.Formoreinfo,seetheUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wacom).
Fingerprint Readers
Remote Controls
Remote Controls
LIRC (Infrared Remote Controls)
LIRC(http://www.lirc.org/)(LinuxInfraredControl)allowsyoutousemostinfraredremotecontrols(http://lirc.sourceforge.net/remotes/).This
canbeinstalledfromMenu>Applications>UbuntuSoftwareCenter>System>lirc
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1c
Remuco (Bluetooth and WiFi Remote Controls)
Remuco(http://code.google.com/p/remuco/)isautilityforcontrollingmanymultimediaplayers(http://code.google.com/p/remuco/wiki/Features)
(suchasVLC,Amarok,Rhythmbox,Audacious,andmanyothers)usingaBluetoothorWiFiremotecontrol
(http://code.google.com/p/remuco/wiki/ClientDevices).Eachplayerhasitsownpackage.Forexample,theVLCpackageisnamedremucovlc
andcanbeinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ enuco-vJc
Bluetooth
BlueZ(http://www.bluez.org/)isthepackagethatallowsBluetoothconnectivityinUbuntuLinux.Thispackageisincludedwithinthecurrent
kernelofUbuntu.ToaddutilitiestocheckwhetheryourBluetoothadapter'sfirmwareiscurrent,install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bJuez-ut1Js bJuez-f1nWae
thenrun
sudo dfutooJ
WiiMote
TheWiimote(WiiRemoteControl)usesbothBluetoothandInfraredtechnology.ItcommunicateswithUbuntuLinuxusingtheincorporated
BlueZBluetoothdriversand/orLIRCdrivers.(ItcanfunctionwithBluetoothalone,however.)YouwillneedaBluetoothreceiveronyourPC
(suchasaBluetoothUSBstickorbuiltinBluetoothreceiver,forexample).(Note:notallBluetoothreceiverswillworkwiththeBluezdrivers.
Checkthislist(http://www.wiili.org/index.php/Compatible_Bluetooth_Devices)ortestyoursfirst.)
Installthecwiid(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CWiiD)WiimotecontrollerpackageandthelswmWiimotediscoverypackage:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Wn1hput JsWn
Installthedrivers(orjustreboot):
nodpobe u1hput
Note:Youcanalsoadduinputtothemodulesfilessoitloadsautomaticallyatbootup:
sudo echo "u1hput" >>7etc7noduJes
Run(whilepressingbutton1/2ontheWiimote):
sudo Wn1hput
Formoreinfo,andtolearnhowtoenabletheinfraredfunctions,seethisguide(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=993376).
USB
Wireless Cards
Atheros Cards
Atheros Cards
AtherosWirelesscardsshouldworkautomaticallywiththenewkernelbyinstallingtheproprietarydriver.Atinstallation,afterthefirstreboot,
youwillbepromptedwhethertousetheproprietarydrivers.
Itshouldnolongerbenecessarytoinstallthefollowingpackage:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nadW1f1-tooJs
TheseinstructionsfortheAtheros802.11b/gintegratedcardarehereforreferenceonly(orifyouwishtoinstallthemmanuallyinstead):
Downloadthelatest'snapshot'driverfromMadwifi(http://snapshots.madwifiproject.org/).WhenIwasdoingit,theversionwas:
nadW1f1-haJ-u.1u.5.-cueht.ta.gz
Extractthefiles
Makesureyourlinuxheadersandbuildessentialpackagesareinstalled:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bu1Jd-esseht1aJ
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ J1hux-heades-${uhane -}
Unloadanydriversalreadyrunning.
sudo 1fcohf1g athu doWh
sudo 1fcohf1g W1f1u doWh
Changetothedirectorywhereyouextractedthedriver.
cd <d1ectoyWheed1veuhz1pped>
Fromthatdirectory,runtheinstallationscripts:
cd sc1pts
sudo .7nadW1f1-uhJoad
sudo .7f1hd-nadW1f1-noduJes.sh ${uhane -}
cd ..
Completetheinstallationbycompilingthesourceandinstallingit.
sudo nake
sudo nake 1hstaJJ
Addtheinstalleddriverstoyoursystem.
sudo nodpobe athpc1
Followingthis,NetworkManagerwasabletoseethewirelesscardandIwasabletoconfigureeverythingelse(WEP/WPAkey,etc.)from
there.
CompleteinstructionsareavailableatMadWifiUserDocs(http://madwifiproject.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo).
Atheros AR242x
AlternateinstructionsforinstallingtheAtherosAR242xcardarehere(http://madberry.org/2008/11/howtogetatherosar242xtoworkon810
intrepidibex/).
3G
3Gprotocols(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G)allowwideareacellularcommunicationsthatincludenotonlycellphonevoicetransmissionbut
alsointegratedbroadbandinternetconnections.Thiscanbeintegratedintoasingledevice,orcommunicationscanbereceivedthroughan
EVDOadapter.Examplesof3GradiointerfacesincludeMobileWiMax,CDMA2000,TDCDMA,EDGE,andDECT.Forinfousing3G
withtheUbuntuNetworkManager,seethispage(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NetworkManager/Hardware/3G).Foradditionalinfoonusing3G
withUbuntu,seethisguide(https://wiki.ubuntu.org/NetworkManager/Hardware/3G/Probing).
he220r1
he220r1(http://huaweie220.blogspot.com/)isa(K)ubuntudriverpackagefortheHuaweie220USBmodem.Ithasalsobeenfoundtowork
withother3Gdevices,suchasNokia,SonyEricsson,andMotorola.Seethewebsitefordownloadandinstallationinstructions.
T-Mobile Option 22S (Web'N'Walk) Stick
Thiswebsite(http://www.relst.nl/site/index.php/handleidingen/200makeyourtmobilewebnwalkstickoption225workwithubuntu.html)
offersadriveroptimisedfortheTMobileWeb'n'WalkStick/Option225.
Virgin Huawei e169
SeethisUbuntuforumsolution(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1014221):
sudo ged1t 7etc7ppp7opt1ohs
findthelinethatsays:
#-chap
anduncommentit(delete#)
-chap
this(Ithink)disablesCHAPauthentication
IalsohadtochangetheAPNtoVirginBroadbandinsteadofVirginInternetwhichwasthedefault,andnowit'shappy.
uthe sett1hgs
Nunbe *99#
Uhane <you v1g1h usehane>
PW <you v1g1h passWod>
EVDO Cards
EVDOcardsincludeUSBmodemsandadapterstoreceivewideareacellularbroadbandInternetconnections.
Sprint
SprintEVDOcardscanbeusedmosteasilythroughKPPP.Forinstructions,readtheSprintMobileBroadbandSetupGuide
(http://www4.sprint.com/pcsbusiness/downloads/Sprint_Mobile_Broadband_Setup_Guide.pdf).AlsoseetheEVDOForums
(http://www.evdoforums.com/thread5925.html).
Verizon
SeethisCrystalNetworkingguide(http://www.crystalnetworking.net/?p=17).
Tethering your PC to your Verizon cell phone
ThisisaperminuteplaninwhichyoucanuseVerizonbroadbandservicesthroughyourcellphone(suchastheMotorolaRAZR)connectedto
yourPCviaaUSBcable.Seethisguide(http://www.aselabs.com/articles.php?id=224).
Digital Cameras
WebCams
SeetheUbuntuwebcamguide(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Webcam)formoreinfo.ManywebcamsthatworkedinHardyHeronmay
notworkinIntrepidIbex.Thismaybeduetoamigrationfromv4l(videoforLinux)tov4l2.Seethisdiscussion
(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=983574).
EasyCam
EasyCam2(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EasyCam)isautilityforfindingandinstallingdriversforyourwebcam.Seetheseinstallation
instructions(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EasyCam).
iSight
iSight
LinuxdriversforthedigitaliSightcamera(connectedbyFireWire),usingALSAforsound,arehere(http://sourceforge.net/projects/lisight/).The
videocomponentisalreadysupportedbycurrentkernels(seehere(http://lisight.sourceforge.net/)formoreinformation).
Luvcview (USB webcam viewer)
LuvcviewcanbeusedtoviewyourUSBwebcamtotestit.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Juvcv1eW
Viewyourwebcam:
Juvcv1eW -f yuv
Netbooks
Ubuntucanbeinstalledonnetbooks.(Seethisthispageforlaptopandnetbookcompatibilityreviews
(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam).)AtthistimetheUbuntuNetbookRemix(orequivalent)ispreferredtothestandardGnome
baseddesktop,especiallyfornewusers.UbuntuNetbookRemix(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UNR)isprovidedtoseveralindividualnetbook
manufacturers(suchasAsusandAcer)tobeoptimisedforthatdevice.(Youcancontactyourspecificnetbookmanufacturerforspecificdetails
onthisproduct.)IfyoualreadyhaveUbuntuNetbookRemix(oreeebuntuNetbookRemix)installed,youcanchoosetoaddthefullUbuntu
(Gnome)desktop,ifyouwish:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtu-desktop
AsuseeePC1000H
Reducefontsizeoneortwosizes,andsetthescreenDPIto120.
eeebuntuNetbookRemix(http://www.eeebuntu.org/index.php?page=nbr)isavailableforthisdevice.
DellMini9
UbuntuNetbookRemixrunsonthisdevicewell.Seethisguide(http://www.ubuntumini.com/2008/10/ubuntu810intrepid
ibexondellmini9.html).
HPMini1000Mi
AcustomeditionofUbuntuisinstalledonthisversionofthisdevice(http://www.hp.com/united
states/campaigns/mini1000/hpmini1000_mie.html).Noadditionalconfigurationisnecessary.
SamsungNC10
Somepackageshouldbeinstalledforkeyboardfunctions(FNKey+functions).Theproceduretoinstallthesepackageis
availableinthisforum(http://www.voria.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=41).
AnothermethodistoinstallUbuntuontoyournetbookfromscratchusingaUSBflashdriveLiveCD.
Acer Aspire One
ThereareseveralUbuntubasedandotherLinuxbasedOS'sspeciallycustomisedfortheAcerAspireOne.Someofthemare:
DebianAcerOne(http://wiki.debian.org/DebianAcerOne)
KukiLinux(http://www.kuki.me/)
Linux4One(http://www.linux4one.it/)
LordLinux(http://ubuntuaceraspireone.nireblog.com/post/2009/04/21/lordlinuxstablerev2aceraspireone)
eeebuntuNetbookRemix(http://www.eeebuntu.org/index.php?page=nbr)isavailableforthisdeviceaswell.Seethisarticle
(http://osnews.com/story/20743/Eeebuntu_2_0_SD_Card_Installation_on_the_Aspire_One)forthenecessarytweaks.
AlsoseetheUbuntuwebsite(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AspireOne)fordetailedtweaksandfixes.Moreusefulinformationcanbe
foundintheUbuntuLinuxsubforum(http://www.aspireoneuser.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=28)ataspireoneuser.com
Palm
Mobile Devices
UbuntuLinuxoffersanoperatingsystemforMobileDevices(suchastheSamsungQ1UltraorElektrobitMIMD)withauniqueandsimplified
UbuntuLinuxoffersanoperatingsystemforMobileDevices(suchastheSamsungQ1UltraorElektrobitMIMD)withauniqueandsimplified
interface.FormoreinformationseetheUbuntuMIDEdition(http://www.ubuntu.com/products/mobile)site.
GPS
TuxMobil(http://tuxmobil.org/linux_gps_navigation_applications.html)hasalistofLinuxapplicationsforusewithGPSdevices,and
compatiblehardware.TwoGPSpackagesareavailablefromtheUbuntu/Kubunturespositories:
Viking(http://viking.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page)isafreeopensourcepackagetoviewGPSdatainmaps,andto
plotcoordinates.Thishasbeenreviewed(http://www.fsckin.com/2008/04/06/reviewfourlinuxgpspackages/)asthebestLinuxGPS
mappingprogram.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ v1k1hg
GPSDrive(http://www.gpsdrive.de/)isafreenavigationsoftwarepackagethatdisplaysyourpositiononazoomablemapusingyourGPS
device.ItisGTKbasedbutcanbeusedinKubuntu.Itusesthegpsd(http://gpsd.berlios.de/)daemonthatinterfaceswithavarietyofGPS
hardware(http://gpsd.berlios.de/hardware.html).A.debpackage(http://www.gpsdrive.de/download.shtml)ofthecurrentversionisalso
availablefromthewebsite.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gpsd1ve
tangoGPS(http://www.tangogps.org)isabeautiful,lightweightGPSmappingprogramthatusesmapdatafromtheOpenstreetmap
(http://www.openstreetmap.org/)project.IsisaGPLlicensedopensourceproject.A.debpackagecanbefoundhere
(http://www.tangogps.org/gps/cat/Download).
MP3 / Video Players
Sansa Fuze
TheSansaFuzeisaveryhighqualityMP3audioaswellasvideoplayer.ItisrecognizedbydefaultasaUSBdeviceinUbuntu/Kubuntu.To
convertvideosintoaformatthatcanbecopiedtotheplayer,useVideo4Fuze(http://code.google.com/p/video4fuze/downloads/list).
Downloadandinstall:
Wget http.77v1deo4fuze.googJecode.con7f1Jes7fuzenux-u.1and4.deb
Wget http.77v1deo4fuze.googJecode.con7f1Jes7v1deo4fuze-u.aJJ.deb
sudo dpkg -1 fuzenux-u.1and4.deb
sudo dpkg -1 v1deo4fuze-u.aJJ.deb
Use[uzemux-0,1_iS86insteadof[uzemux-0.1_omJ64.Jebifusinga32bitOS.
Startvideo4fuzefromthecommandline:
v1deo4fuze
orcreateamenuitemwiththeCommand:video4fuze.
Convertfiles(mpgormp4)usingVideo4Fuze.DonotusetheSansaFuzeplayerastheoutputfolder,butuseanoutputfolderonyour
computer.Oncethefileshavebeenconverted,thencopythemdirectlytoaVideofolderontheSansaFuze(usingNautilusinUbuntuor
DolphininKubuntu).
Ilikek9copytoextractsomething(thatIhavesaved)onaDVDtoanmp4(.avi)first.TheSansaFuzelikesvideoat224x176andDivX
4/5,soIextracttothosespecifications:
Menu>Multimedia>k9copy>Input:DVD>Output:MPEG4encoding>foldericon:/home/user/ViJeos
k9configure>MPEG4>Video>Codec:MPEG4(DivX4/5)>Width:224>Height:176
>Audio:mp3(lame)>Bitrate:128
Ithenusevideo4fuzetoconverttheextractedmp4(.avi)intotheformatthattheSansaFuzelikes.
Limitations:AtthistimeFlashvideos(.flv)cannotbeconverteddirectlybyVideo4Fuze.Youmustconvertflashvideostoanotherformat
(suchas.mpgormp4/.avi)priortoVideo4Fuzeconversion,usingaconvertersuchasmencoderorffmpeg(e.g.withWinFFastheGUI).
MachSpeed Trio
TheMachSpeedTrioworksnativelywith(K)UbuntuLinux.FilescanbecopieddirectlytothedevicefromaFileManager(Dolphinor
TheMachSpeedTrioworksnativelywith(K)UbuntuLinux.FilescanbecopieddirectlytothedevicefromaFileManager(Dolphinor
Nautilus).
Videoformatsinclude.mpg,.flvand.avi.However,thescreenis7.5cmx4cm,whichisa1.875ratio(widescreen).Ifyourvideohasa
1.33ratio(fullscreen),youmustaddleftandrightpaddingtomakeitlooknormal.Ifyourvideois320x240,forexample,youmustadd
leftandrightpaddingof64each(makingit448x240,whichisapproximatelya1.875ratio).
Inaddition,IfoundIhadtoconvertsomevideostwice(usingffmpeg)togetitintoaformattheTriowouldaccept.Forexample,I
havea160x120.avivideoIrecordedonmycamera.(Thisrequires32paddingoneachsideinsteadof64.)Therewasa2step
conversionrequiredtogetitintoaformattheTrioliked:
ffnpeg -1 caneav1deo.av1 -taget htsc-dvd -s 1ux12u tenpv1deo.av1
ffnpeg -1 tenpv1deo.av1 -padJeft 32 -pad1ght 32 t1ov1deo.av1
ThefirststepdoeswhateverittakestogetthevideointoaNTSCcompatibleformat.However,itencodesintotheac3audiocodec,
whichtheTriodoesn'tlike.Thesecondstepconvertstheaudiofromtheac3formattothedefaultmp2audioformat(whichtheTrio
likesbetter)aswellasaddsthepadding(whichinrealitycanbedoneineitherstep).Ihavetriedtosimplifythisintoasingle
commandbuthaven'tfiguredouthowtodoityet.
IthencopytheconvertedfiledirectlyontotheTrio,whereitplays.
Speech Recognition
FormoreinfoseetheUbuntuWikiSpeechrecognition(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SpeechRecognition).Integratedvoicerecognitionisan
ongoingprojectaccumulatedinformationisavailableatVoxForge(http://voxforge.org/).
Julius(http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php)opensourcecontinuousspeechrecognition/grammarengine(Japaneseonlydoesnot
haveanEnglishacousticmodulecurrently).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ uJ1us uJ1us-voxfoge
CMUSphinx(http://cmusphinx.sourceforge.net/)opensourcevoicerecognitionsoftware.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sph1hx2-b1h sph1hxbase-ut1Js pocketsph1hx-ut1Js
Appsusingvoicerecognition(alsoseethislist(http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SpeechRecognitionHOWTO/software.html)):
GnomeVoiceControl(http://live.gnome.org/GnomeVoiceControl)(sudoaptgetinstallgnomevoicecontrol)
CVoiceControl(http://www.kiecza.de/daniel/linux/index.html)(formerlyKDEVoiceControl)
Networking
OnlyonenetworkmanagerandGUIinterfacecanbeenabled.NetworkManagerisinstalledbydefault,butmanyuserspreferWicdNetwork
Manager(http://wicd.sourceforge.net/).
Network Manager
NetworkManager(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager)isnetworkmanagerinstalledbydefaultinUbuntu.Ithasatrayappletthat
allowsyoutoswitchbetweenInternetconnections(suchaswirelessAPsorwiredconnection).
Wicd Network Manager
WicdNetworkManager(http://wicd.sourceforge.net/)isaGTKdependentnetworkingmanagerwritteninPythonthatcanbeusedinallvariants
ofUbuntu.Manyusers(includingme)reportittobefasterandmorestablethanNetworkManager.Toavoidnetworkingconflicts,Wicd
requirestheremovalofNetworkManagerpriortoinstallation.
sudo apt-get enove hetWok-nahage
sudo eboot
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W1cd
Set a static IP address
IhaveneverbeenabletogetNetworkManagertoacceptmystaticIPaddresssettings.Ifyouonlyuseonlyawiredinterface,youdonotneeda
networkmanageranditcanberemoved.
RemoveNetworkManager:
RemoveNetworkManager:
sudo eboot
Editthe/etc/network/interfacesfile:
sudo ged1t 7etc7hetWok71htefaces
andreplacetheline(okiflineismissing)
1face ethu 1het dhcp
withthefollowinglines(usingyourownLANsettings,ofcourse):
auto ethu
1face ethu 1het stat1c
addess 192.1B.u.35
hetnask 255.255.255.u
hetWok 192.1B.u.u
boadcast 192.1B.u.255
gateWay 192.1B.u.1
Thenrestartnetworking:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7hetWok1hg estat
Checktoseeifyoursettingsarenowcorrect:
1fcohf1g
IfyouneedastaticIPaddressandhaveawirelessconnection,WicdNetworkManagerworks:
UninstallNetworkManagerandinstallWicdinstead:
sudo eboot
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ W1cd
Manual configuration from the command-line
3stepsforWEP:
sudo 1Wcohf1g eth|N ess1d |55Tu
sudo 1Wcohf1g eth|N key est1cted s.|PA55WuRu
sudo dhcJ1eht
WPAismorecomplicated:
su
nkd1 7etc7WpasuppJ1caht
cd 7etc7WpasuppJ1caht
echo hetWok = { > WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
echo ss1d="55Tu" >> WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
echo keyngnt=WPA-P5K >> WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
echo psk="PRE5hAREuKEY" >> WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
echo } >> WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
cd 7etc7hetWok
v1n 1htefaces
Nowaddafter"autoeth[N]..."&"ifaceeth[N].."(press'i'):
Wpa-d1ve Wext # o Whateve d1ve you hetWok cad heeds
Wpa-cohf 7etc7WpasuppJ1caht7WpasuppJ1caht.cohf
Savethefile('Esc',':x','Enter')andrestartyoursystem.
Internet connection sharing (DHCP server)
InmostLANs,aninexpensiverouterisusedtoprovideDHCP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol)functions
(internetconnectionsharing).
(internetconnectionsharing).
However,DHCPservicescanalsobeprovidedbyasinglehostcomputeronyourLAN(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network)ifit
isdirectlyconnectedtotheInternet.(Thisisuseful,forinstance,ifyouhavea3GorotherwirelessEVDOconnectiontoyourcomputerwhich
youwanttosharewiththeothercomputersonyourLAN).OtherclientcomputersonyourLANwouldthenconnecttotheInternetthroughyour
hostcomputer'sInternetconnection.ThehostcomputernowessentiallyperformstheDHCPfunctionsofarouter.
All"client"computersontheLANoughttobeconnectedtoacentralLANswitchorrouter.(Ifusingarouter,itshouldhaveitsownDHCP
functionsdisabledyoushouldn'thave2DHCPserversonaLANunlessyouknowhowtonestLANs).Theyshouldallbesetuptoobtain
DHCPassigneddynamicIPaddressesandusethesameLANsubnetsettings(whichintheexamplebelowisLANIPrange10.0.0.1 -
10.0.0.250withnetmask255.255.255.0andgateway10.0.0.1).Thehostcomputertobeusedasthegateway/DHCPserveristhenconnected
(throughitsownethernetport)eithertoonetotheportsoftheswitch(ifused),ortoaLANportofarouter(don'tusetheWANport).Thehost
computerthenconnectsdirectlytotheInternet(WAN(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network))throughasecondport(whichinthe
examplebelowwillbeawireless(wifi)port(wlan0)).
(Note:ThissetupiseasiestifyouconnectallcomputersontheLANwithEthernetcablestothecentralswitchorrouter.Butalsoseeusinga
nestedwirelessLANrouterbelow.)
(Note:IfyouwantyourLANtousethesamesubnetasyourWAN,seenetworkinterfacebridging.)
InstalltheDHCPserverandfirewallprograms:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ dhcp3-seve f1estate
Renamethestartupcommand(throughasymboliclink)fortheDHCPserver.ThisisrequiredorFirestarterwillnotknowwheretofindit:
sudo Jh -sf 7etc71h1t.d7dhcp3-seve 7etc71h1t.d7dhcpd
EdittheDHCPserverconfigurationfile:
sudo haho -W 7etc7defauJt7dhcp3-seve
Changetheline
TNTERFACE5=""
to
TNTERFACE5="ethu"
RestarttheDHCPserver:
sudo dhcpd estat
RightclickonNetworkManager>EditConnections...>Wired>Add
>Connectionname:SnoreJ inrerner connecrion
>IPv4Settings>Method:Manual>Add
>Address:10.0.0.1>Netmask:255.255.255.0>Gateway:0.0.0.0
>Availabletoallusers:[x]
Attachtheethernetcableto(eth0).
NetworkManager>WiredNetworks>SnoreJ inrerner connecrion
Adjustyourfirewalltoallowtheinternetconnectionsharing.StartFirestarter:
sudo f1estate
TellthefirewallwhichportisyourdirectInternetConnection:
Firestarter>Preferences>Firewall>NetworkSettings>Internetconnectednetworkdevice:(wlan0)
>IPaddressisassignedbyDHCP:[x]
TellthefirewallwhichportisfortheLAN,andspecifythedetailsfortheLAN:
TellthefirewallwhichportisfortheLAN,andspecifythedetailsfortheLAN:
Firestarter>Preferences>Firewall>NetworkSettings>Localnetworkconnecteddevice:(eth0)
>Enableinternetconnectionsharing:[x]
>EnableDHCPforthelocalnetwork:[x]
>DHCPserverdetails>CreatenewDHCPconfiguration>LowestIPaddresstoassign:10.0.0.2
>HighestIPaddresstoassign:10.0.0.250>Nameserver:<dynamic>
Note:UseyourowndesiredLANsettings(internalDHCPassigneddynamicIP
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_IP#Static_and_dynamic_IP_addresses)addressrange),ofcourse.InthisexampleIdon'tusethefullIP
range10.0.0.2 - 10.0.0.255fordynamicIPaddressesbecauseIwanttoreservesomeLANaddresses(10.0.0.251 - 10.0.0.255)tobeused
asstaticIPaddresses).
Notes:
Ifyouwishtousethissetupallthetime,makethe"SnoreJ inrerner connecrion"profileyourdefaultconnectionprofileinNetwork
Manager.
Using a nested wireless LAN router
ManyuserswillalreadyhaveanestablishedLANthatusesanexistingwirelessrouterandhasclientcomputersthataresetuptoconnect
wirelesslytotherouter.Here'showtomaintainthissetupandstillusetheinternetconnectionsharingmethodofasinglehostcomputeras
describedabove.Thismethodisknownasnested LANs.ThewirelessrouterwillserveasanestedLANforitswirelessclients(only),butin
turnwillappearasasingledevicetothemainLAN.ThetwoLANsmusthavedifferentIPranges.Forexample,themainLANmayhaveanIP
range10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.255(withnetmask255.255.255.0),asintheaboveexample.Therouter'snestedwirelessLANmustthenuseadifferent
IPrange(forexample192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.255withnetmask255.255.255.0).
Donotuseyourwirelessrouter'sWAN(Internet)port.
Connectthehostcomputer(tobeusedasyourmainLANgateway/router)toaLANport(nottheWAN/Internetport)ofthewireless
LANrouter.
Configureyourwirelessrouter'sLANsothatitappearstobeasinqle JevicetothemainLAN:
SetupyourwirelessroutersothattheInternetConnectiontypeis"StaticIP"(ofteninthe"InternetSetup"section).Configurethe
settingssothatits"InternetIPaddress"iswithinthestaticIPaddressrangeofyourmainLAN(e.g.10.0.0.254),andmakesurethe
subnetmaskmatchestheoneyouchoseforyourmainLAN(e.g.255.255.255.0).ThegatewaysettingshouldbesettomatchtheIP
addressofyourhostcomputerofthemainLAN(e.g.10.0.0.1intheexampleoftheprecedingsection).Nowthewirelessrouterwill
appeartothehostcomputerasjustanotherdeviceonthemainLAN.
IfyourwirelessLANisalreadyfunctioning,youprobablydon'thavetochangeanysettings,butdoublechecktomakesurethe
schemaarecompatible.Configurethewirelessrouter'ssettingsforthenestedwirelessLAN.Thisisdonebyenablingtherouter's
DHCPserverfunctions(in"NetworkSetup"orsomesimilarconfigurationsectionoftherouter).Therouteroughttohaveasits
ownwirelessLANgatewayaddressa"localIPaddress"(or"LANIPaddress")of192.168.0.1(fortheIPaddressrangeusedinthis
example),anda"startingIPaddress"(fortheDHCPassigneddynamicIPaddressrangetobeusedforthewirelessclients)tobe
192.168.0.2orgreater.(Someroutersaskyoutospecifytheentirerange(suchas192.168.0.2 - 192.168.0.255.)
MakesureallyourwirelessclientcomputersaresettoobtaintheirDHCPassigneddynamicIPaddressesfromthewirelessrouter
(gatewayIP192.168.0.1)insteadoffromthemainLANgateway.
NowallcommunicationsfromthewirelessclientcomputerswillberoutedtothewirelessLANrouterfirst,whichwilltheninturnroute
themtothehostcomputer(whichisactingasthemainLANgateway/router),whichwilltheninturnroutethemtotheInternet(WAN).
Note:ThehostcomputerforthemainLANmusthaveastaticIPaddress(e.g.10.0.0.1asintheexampleoftheprecedingsection)andit
mustmatchthegatewayIPaddressconfiguredinthewirelessLANroutersettings.
Network Interfaces Bridging
Installbridgeutilstobeabletocreatenetworkbridges:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ b1dge-ut1Js
Edit/etc/network/interfaces:
sudo haho 7etc7hetWok71htefaces
Theinterfacesfileshouldlooklikethisaftereditingit:
auto ethu
1face ethu 1het nahuaJ
#
auto bu
1face bu 1het dhcp
#
b1dgepots ethu WJahu
#
# The Joopback hetWok 1hteface
auto Jo
1face Jo 1het Joopback
Restartnetworkingwith:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7hetWok1hg estat
Using Dynamic IP addresses for a webserver
Normally,domainnameservers(DNS)thatareusedpubliclyontheInternetmatchawebserver'sURLnamewiththeIPaddressoftheserver's
hostcomputer.IfyourcomputerhasastaticIPaddress,thenyoucanpublishyourownwebserver'sURLasbelongingtothestatic,unchanging
IPaddressofyourcomputer.
However,ifyourIPaddressisdynamic(alwayschanging)becauseyouuseanISP(InternetServiceProvider)thatconstantlychangesyourIP
address(usingDHCP),thenyouwillneedaDynamicDNSservicetoconstantlykeeptrackofyourdynamicallychangingIPaddressandmatch
ittoofyourwebserver'sURL.Fortunately,thereareafewDynamicDNSservicesthatwilldothisforyou,eitherforasmallfeeorevenfor
free.Formoreinfo,seethisUbuntuCommunityhelp(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DynamicDNS)article.
ForspecifictipsonsettingupDynamicDNS,seethisarticle.
Filesharing
NFS
NFSisthedefaultnetworkingprotocolfornetworkfilesharingin*nixsystems(includingUbuntuLinux).
Samba File Sharing
Samba client
SambaisanetworkingprotocolthatallowscompatibilitywithWindowsbasednetworks.TheSambaclientisinstalledbydefaultinUbuntuand
shouldworkseamlessly(unlessyouhavehaveafirewallblockingtheports).
Samba server
Samba(http://www.samba.org/)providesfile/printservicesfortheSMB/CIFSprotocolusedinWindowsbasednetworks.Seetheofficial
Ubuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/windowsnetworking.html)formoreinformationaboutprovidingservices
inaWindowsnetwork.ASambaservercanbeinstalledusingthetaskseloptionduringinstallationoftheUbuntuserverfromtheLiveCD,orat
anytimeusing:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ sanba-seve
Analternativemethodofinstallationis:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ sanba sanba-tooJs systen-cohf1g-sanba snbfs
Note:sambatools,systemconfigsamba,andsmbfsareoptional.
ModifySambasettings.
Method1:
Menu>System>Administration>Samba
(Note:thisisavailableonlyifyouinstalledsystemconfigsamba.)
Itisrecommendedthatyouruserbeamemberofthesambasharegroup,aswell.
Method2:
EnableFileSharingServerWithUserLogin(VeryReliableMethod)
Dothefollowingonthemachinethathasthefilestobeshared:
AddcurrentusertoSamba:
AddcurrentusertoSamba:
sudo snbpassWd -a usehane
(replacingusernamewithyourloginusername)
Openthesambaconfigfile:
sudo haho 7etc7sanba7snb.cohf
Addthedirectoriestobeadded(rightattheend)inthefollowingformat:
|P1ctues
path = 7hone7usehane7<foJdetobeshaed>
(Replaceusernamewithyourusernameand<folder_to_be_shared>withthefolderyouwanttoshare)
PressCTRL+XandthenYtosave.
RestartSamba:
sudo sev1ce snbd estat
sudo sev1ce hnbd estat
Note:Priorversionsused:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7sanba estat
OnWindowsaccessthefolderinthefollowingformatinWindowsExplorer:
``192.1B.x.x
(replace192.168.x.xwiththeactualIPaddressofyourserverwhichisservingthefolder)
OnLinuxtypethefollowinginKonquerororNautilus:
snb.77192.1B.x.x
(replace192.168.x.xwiththeactualIPaddressofyourserverservingthefolder)
Note:IfyouuseSharinginKDE'sSystemSettingspanel,beawarethatthereisasmallbug,reportedhere
(https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kdenetwork/+bug/95452).Inbrief,youneedtocommentout/deleteanyinstancesofthesetwolines
in/etc/smb.conf:
case sehs1t1ve
nsdfs poxy
Change your Workgroup
TochangeyourSamba(Windowsnetwork)workgroup:
Lookfortheline:
Wokgoup = WuRKuRuUUP
andchangethesettingtowhateveryourLANworkgroupis.
Recognizing Win98 machines
Microsoftnetworkingisextremelyquirky.ToenablerecognitionofPCswithWindows98,edityourSambaconfigurationfile:
Thenaddthefollowinglinestothefile:
|gJobaJ
# ThE LANhAN FTX
cJ1eht Jahnah auth = yes
cJ1eht htJnv2 auth = ho
Integrating into Mac OS X Network
Seethisguide(http://www.zaphu.com/2008/04/30/fiveguidesonhowtointegrateubuntuintoamacosxnetwork/)forinformationon
integratingUbuntuintoanexistingMacOSXAppletalknetwork.
FTP Server
AnFTPserverallowstheeasytransferoffilesbetweensystemsoverthenetwork.ClientssuchasFilezillacanbeusedtointeractwithanFTP
server.
vsftpd
vsftpd(http://vsftpd.beasts.org/)isanFTPserveravailablein(K)Ubuntu.Forconfigurationinformation,seetheofficialUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/ftpserver.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ vsftpd
proftpd
Proftpd(http://www.proftpd.org/)isanFTPserveravailablein(K)UbuntuthatcanbeusedwitheithertheMySQLorPostgreSQLdatabase.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ poftpd-bas1c
WebDAV
WebDAV(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebDAV)isamethodforallowingremoteaccesstolocalfoldersviaanHTTPbasedwebbrowseror
filemanager.Thiscanbecombinedwithuserauthentication(usingLDAPorotherpasswordmechanism).
Seethispageforinstructions.
Local Area Network
Modems / Dial-up
NetworkManagerdoesnotacceptmodemconnections.SeeUbuntuhelp(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/internet/C/modem.html)forinformation
onidentifyingandconnectingwithamodem.Theseinstructionsrequiregnomenetworkadmin(installwhileconnectedtoawiredethernet
connection):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghone-hetWok-adn1h
Gnome PPP and wvdial
GnomePPP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomeppp)isadiscontinuedGUIfrontendforthewvdial(http://alumnit.ca/wiki/index.php?
page=WvDial)PPPmodemdialer.Itisstillavailableasapackage.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ghone-ppp Wvd1aJ
Seethisforumthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=931872)fortweaksrequiredtomakeGnomePPPandwvdialoperationalin
Lucid.
GPPP
GPPPwasthedefaultmodemdialingapplicationinpreviousversionsofUbuntu.
Menu>Applications>Internet>GPPPInternetDialup
Remote Access
Thereareseveralmethodsofremoteaccess.VNCsharingallowsyoutoviewandcontrolaremotecomputer'sdesktop.(Windowsusersusea
similarproprietaryprotocolcalledremotedesktopprotocol(RDP)).XDMCPallowsacompleteremoteXwindowsbasedlogin.Remote
connectionsarehazardousunlesspropersecurityprecautionsaretakentopreventunauthorizedloginsandtoensureencryptionoftransmitted
data.
SSH
SecureShellorSSHisanetworkprotocolthatallowsdatatobeexchangedoverasecurechannel(or"tunnel")betweentwocomputers.
Encryptionprovidesconfidentialityandintegrityofdata.TheOpenSSHclientisinstalledbydefaultinUbuntusoyoucanconnecttoanother
computerthatisrunninganSSHserver.
Connect to a remote SSH server
From the command-line terminal
InstalltheOpenSSH(http://www.openbsd.org/cgibin/man.cgi?query=ssh&sektion=1)client(ifnotalreadyinstalled):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehssh-cJ1eht
FromthecommandlineTerminaltype:
ssh -C <usehane><conpute hane o TP addess>
Note:TheCoptionindicatescompression,whichspeedsuptransmissionthroughthetunnel.
Forexample:
ssh -C oeenote.conpute.xyz
or:
ssh -C n1ke192.1B.1.1
or
ssh -C 192.1B.1.1 -J n1ke
Note:lspecifiestheloginid.
IftheSSHserverislisteningonaportotherthanport22(thedefault),youcanspecifythatinyourconnection(withthepoption).Forexample,
iftheSSHserverislisteningonport11022,connect:
ssh -C oe.f1dayenote.conpute.xyz.11u22
or
ssh -C enote.conpute.xyz -p 11u22 -J oe.f1day
Ifyouhavemadeapublic/privatekeyusingsshkeygen,theprivatekeymustbestoredin/home/user/.ssh.Thekeyshouldbeaccessibleonlyto
user
sudo chnod uu 7hone7user7.ssh71deht1ty
or
sudo chnod uu 7hone7user7.ssh71dsa
Tologinwiththekey:
ssh -C enote.conpute.xyz -p 11u22 -J oe.f1day
Note:Youcanrunthecommandasamenuitem,butthecommandmustbe"runinterminal."
Port forwarding through SSH
SeeUsingSSHtoPortForwardforfulldetails.
Inbrief,use
ssh -C <enote 1p> -p <55h tuhheJ pot> -L <JocaJ pot>.<enote conpute>.<enote pot> -J <use>
Thisspecifiesthatanycommunicationsfromyourcomputer(localhost)goingoutthrough<localport>willbetransmittedsecurelythroughthe
theSSHtunnelport.TouseVNCthroughthetunnel,youwoulduseanapplicationlikeKrdcorVinagre:
kdc vhc.77JocaJhost.<JocaJ pot>
Note:locolnosrisequivalentto(andinterchangeablewith)127.0.0.1.Eithercanbeused.
NotethatforVNC,thedefault<localport>is5900.Ingeneral,aremoteVNCserver(suchasX11VNC)isalsolisteningonthedefault<remote
port>5900aswell.Thedefault<SSHtunnelport>is22,asdiscussedabove.Allthesecanbechanged,however,ifyoudesiregreatersecurity.
Forme,InoticedthatIhadtoset<remotecomputer>tobetheinternalLANIPaddressoftheremotecomputer(suchas192.168.1.155)instead
oftheremoterouter'sIPaddress,whichisspecifiedin<remoteIP>.(IftheremotecomputerhasastaticIPaddress(i.e.isdirectlyconnectedto
theInternetwithoutaninterveningrouter),then<remotecomputer>and<remoteip>wouldbethesame.)
Lxomple:Forextrasecurity,mySSHServeruses<SSHtunnelport>=11022.IwanttoVNCtoaremotecomputeronaremoteLANwitha
routerwhoseIPaddressis<remoteip>=244.205.123.123.TheremotecomputertowhichIwanttoconnecthasastaticIPaddresswithinthe
remoteLANof<remotecomputer>=192.168.1.155.IhavesetupanX11VNCserveronthiscomputerthatislisteningon<remoteport>=
6912(insteadofthedefault5900).IsetupportforwardingontherouterofthisremoteLANtoforwardport6912tothisservercomputer.Iwant
toVNCtothisremotecomputerfrommylaptop,throughtheInternet.MylaptopVNCclient(Krdc)willusethedefault<localport>=5900.My
nameis<user>=joe.friday.Thisismystory.
ssh -C 244.2u5.123.123 -p 11u22 -L 59uu.192.1B.1.155.912 -J oe.f1day
kdc vhc.77JocaJhost.59uu
Ifyouhavesetupaprivate/publickeypairwithapassphrase,orifyourSSHserverrequiresapassphrase,ofcourse,youwillbepromptedfor
thepassphraseafterissuingtheSSHcommand.
Note:Portforwardingassumesthattheportsarealsoforwardedthroughtherouter(s)andthroughanyfirewalls.Seethedocumentationforyour
router(s)andfirewalltolearnhowtodothis.TheadvantageofSSHtunnelingisthatonlythe<SSHtunnelport>needstobeopenand
forwardedbyarouter.Allencryptedcommunicationswillgothroughyourrouterusingthissingleport.Thisiswhatmakesthecommunications
secure.
PuTTY
PuTTY(http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/)isaGTKbasedGUIclientinterfaceforSSHconnectionsandeasesthesetupfor
portforwarding,SSHpublickeyauthentication,andautomatedlogin.AuserwouldrunPuttytocreatetheSSHtunnel(insteadofthessh
command)andthenrunaprogramsuchasKrdcorVinagre.PuTTYisavailableforbothLinuxandWindows(butforroutineLinuxusage
OpenSSHisgenerallyrecommendedinstead).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ putty putty-tooJs
Tocreatea2048bitRSAkeypaircompatiblewithOpenSSH,itispossibletousePuttygen(http://linux.die.net/man/1/puttygen)(partof
Puttytools).(FormetheLinuxversionofPuttygenisoccasionallybuggy,however,soIrecommendOpenSSHkeygenforroutineusage
instead):
puttygeh -t sa -b 2u4B -u p1vate -o puttysa.ppk
puttygeh puttysa.ppk -u pubJ1c-opehssh -o 1dsa.pub
puttygeh puttysa.ppk -u p1vate-opehssh -o 1dsa
MovetheOpenSSHcompatiblekeystothe~/.ssh(i.e.the/home/user/.ssh)folder
nv 1dsa* ~7.ssh
Copythepublickey(/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)totheserverthatishostingtheOpenSSHserver,intothe/home/serveruser/.ssh(for
whicheveruseristheadministrativeuserfortheservergenerallytheuserthatinstalledtheserverinitially).IftheSSHtunnelis(still)set
atdefaultport22,youcancopythekeyusingtheutility:
ssh-copy-1d serveruserreno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz
ConnectaVNCclient(suchasKrdc)throughSSHusingthecommandline:
putty -ssh -1 ~7.ssh71dsa -J serveruser -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59uu reno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz -P 22
kdc vhc.77127.u.u.1.59uu
orasasinglecommand:
putty -ssh -1 ~7.ssh71dsa -J serveruser -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59uu reno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz -P 22 sJeep 5 kdc vhc.77127.u.u.1..59uu
Alternatively,thePuTTYSSHClientGUIcanberun(fromMenu>Internet>PuTTYSSHClient)andoptionsconfiguredfromthere.
Using keys created by Puttygen in OpenSSH
ThepublicsecuritykeygeneratedbyPuttygeninWindowsisgenerallynotcompatiblewithOpenSSHsecuritykeysunlessitisedited.For
example,thedefaultOpenSSHkeyis2048bitRSA(SSH2).Whena2048bitRSA(SSH2)PuTTYpublic/privatekeypairisgenerated(by
Puttygen)inWindows(seethistutorial(http://unixwiz.net/techtips/puttyopenssh.html)),thepublickeylookslike:
---- BEuTN 55h2 PUBLTC KEY ----
Conneht. "sa-key-2u1uu3u2"
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJAAAEAdp57qxsukhELJhup2nXhdsveCWq7naUk
uhPpbkWEuhkasuuhkAWgv5v3dB5B57zdhcfhXW12FkEaJuFxqpJ2TkFuvqRdqYu
ZCcA525uLoXdWpC4uohvhBoBT31+WkufnT2a+K74gXtn1BWWxWupKaWh19
YTtbY7uehRex34h3eu2uJRqu7BxhFU7Nu415zo3ZhKoauyzhevU2htt74BCvC
bYFhd5oRb13AhBquThzFfhXPduBqA3B2ZKEh5BnyBxb9Ueh7+P51YxN7ykee
RW5d5CZekBNuuTLNuEXJ5J1zqJPUBtRuqf3pYv1kxzu9bW==
---- ENu 55h2 PUBLTC KEY ----
TobeusedbyOpenSSH,thesavedpublickeymustbeedited.
Deletethefirsttwolines(withtheBEGINandComment:inthem)andthelastline.
Jointheremaininglinesintoasingleline.
Placesshrsaatthebeginning.
Itshouldenduplookinglike:
ssh-sa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJAAAEAdp57qxsukhELJhup2nXhdsveCWq7naUkuhPpbkWEuhkasuuhkAWgv5v3dB5B57zdhcfhXW12FkEaJuFxqpJ2TkFuvqRdqYuZCcA525uLoXdWpC4uohvhBoBT31+WkufnT2a+K74gXtn1BWWxWupKaWh19YTtbY7uehRex34h3eu2uJRqu7BxhFU7Nu415zo3ZhKoauyzhevU2htt74BCvCbYFhd5oRb13AhBquThzFfhXPduBqA3B2ZKEh5BnyBxb9Ueh7+P51YxN7ykeeRW5d5CZekBNuuTLNuEXJ5J1zqJPUBtRuqf3pYv1kxzu9bW==
OncethePuTTYpublickeyisinthisformat,itcanbeappendedtothe~/.ssh/authorized_keysfileontheOpenSSHserver.(Theprivate
keystaysontheclientcomputer,ofcourse).PuTTYcanthenconnect(fromWindowsorLinux)toanOpenSSHserverusingthe
public/privatekeymethod.
Connect using SSH Agent
WithSSHAgentyoucanautomatetheuseofpublickeyauthenticationandopenanXDMorVNCsessionusingascript.Seethistutorial
(http://kimmo.suominen.com/docs/ssh/#sshagent).
Alsoseethisalternativesimpleapproach:ConnectwithSSHandstartanapplicationwithasinglecommand.
Setup an SSH server
InstalltheOpenSSH(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/opensshserver.html)server:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehssh-seve
or
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ opehssh-seve
Note:TheOpenSSHservercanalsobeinstalledwhendoingaserverinstallationasanoptionfromtheLiveCD.
Note:AnOpenSSHservercanalsobesetuponaWindowsserverusingCygwin.Seetheseinstructions(http://pigtail.net/LRP/printsrv/cygwin
sshd.html).
Don'tforgettoforwardtheportonwhichyourOpenSSHserverislistening.ThedefaultSSHportis22ifthedefaultisused,therouter
shouldthereforeforwardport22tothecomputerontheLANthatishostingtheOpenSSHserver.TheOpenSSHlisteningportcanbe
changedinfact,eachcomputerontheLANcanlistenonitsownuniqueSSHport,ifdesired.Theroutermustforwardeachspecified
listeningporttothecorrectcomputer.Therefore,ifcomputer1hasitsOpenSSHserversettolistenonport22221,thentheroutershould
forwardport22221tocomputer1'sLANIPaddress.Ifcomputer2hasitsOpenSSHlisteningportsetto22222,thenobviouslytherouter
mustforwardport22222tocomputer2'sLANIPaddress.TochangethelisteningportoftheOpenSSHserver,editthe
/etc/ssh/sshd_configfile:
sudo ged1t 7etc7ssh7sshdcohf1g
andchangethelisteningportfrom22toyourdesiredlisteningport:
Pot 22221
thenrestarttheOpenSSHserver:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7ssh estat
Forgreaterportsecurity(andtominimizebruteforceattacks(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruteforce_attack)),considerusing
Knockd.
Limit authorized SSH users
SeeLimittheuseraccountsthatcanconnectthroughOpenSSHremotely
OpenSSH Public Key Authentication
SeethisOpenSSHPublicKeyAuthenticationTutorial(http://sial.org/howto/openssh/publickeyauth/).
Inbrief,itisnecessarytogenerateapublic/privatekeypair.Onyourclientmachine,generatethepair:
ssh-keygeh
Apromptasksforapassphrase.IfyouwishtouseOpenSSHwithoutapasswordfromasecureclient(towhichnoonebutyouhasaccess),
leavethepassphraseblank.Ifyouenterapassphrase,youwillbeaskedforthispassphraseeachtimeyouusetheSSHclient.Bydefault,a2048
bitRSASSH2keypairisgeneratedandstoredinthe/home/user/.sshfolder.Theprivatekeyisnamedid_rsaandismeanttostayinthatfolder.
(Thepublickeyisid_rsa.pubandismeanttobecopiedtotheOpenSSHserver.)
Theprivatekeymustonlybeaccessible(andshouldbereadonly)touser,theownerofthefile:
chnod uu 7hone7user7.ssh71dsa
Youcouldalsomaketheentire.sshfolderaccessibleonlytouser:
chnod 7uu 7hone7user7.ssh
whicheveruseristheadministrativeuserfortheservergenerallytheuserthatinstalledtheserverinitially).IftheSSHtunnelis(still)set
atdefaultport22,youcancopythekeyusingtheutility:
ssh-copy-1d serveruserreno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz
Thesshcopyidutilityonlyworksoverport22.AnalternativeifyouhavechangedyourSSHportistocopythe
/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pubkeytotheservermanually.Ontheservermakesurethedirectory/home/serveruser/.sshexistsandthat
thereisafileauthorized_keys(withwriteprivileges)inthatfolder.Ifnot,createsuchafilewhileloggedintotheserverasserveruser
(thetouchcommandcreatesanemptyfile):
nkd1 ~7.ssh
cd ~7.ssh
touch autho1zedkeys
Thenconcatenatetheid_rsa.pubkeyyouhavecopiedtothe~/.sshfolder.(Makesuretheownerofid_rsa.pub,aftercopying,isserveruser.):
cd ~7.ssh
choWh serveruser 1dsa.pub
cat autho1zedkeys 1dsa.pub >> autho1zedkeys
MakesuretheOpenSSHserverknowstolookforthekeyfile.Ontheremoteserver,edittheOpenSSHconfigurationfile:
sudo haho 7etc7ssh7sshdcohf1g
Uncommenttheline(i.e.removethe#atthebeginningoftheline):
#Autho1zedKeysF1Je Zh7.ssh7autho1zedkeys
RemovetheabilitytologintotheOpenSSHserverusingpasswordauthentication:
sudo haho 7etc7ssh7sshdcohf1g
Changetheline
#PassWodAutheht1cat1oh yes
to
PassWodAutheht1cat1oh ho
RestarttheOpenSSHserver:
sudo 7etc71h1t.d7ssh estat
NowyoucanconnectsecurelywithanSSHtunnelwithoutrequiringapassword,logginginasserveruser.
ssh -J serveruser -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59uu reno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz -p 22
Connect with SSH and start an application with a single command
IfyouhavecreatedanOpenSSHkeypair(withoutapassword),youcanstartboththeSSHtunnelandaVNCprogram(suchasKrdcor
Vinagre)torunthroughtheSSHtunnelwithasinglecommand:
ssh -f -J serveruser -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59uu reno!eserver.conpu!er.xyz -p 22 sJeep 5 kdc vhc.77127.u.u.1..59uu
Alternatively(andprobablypreferably)youcancreateaMenuItem/Shortcutwiththeabovecommand.
Note:Thiscommandisacommandlineminiscript.TheSSHoptionfoptiontellstheSSHclienttoforkintothebackgroundafterstarting.(This
optionisnotavailableinthePuTTYclient.)Thisallowsthecommandlinetocontinuetoproceedtothenextcommand(s)listedonthecommand
lineminiscript.The5secondwait("sleep")timeoutallowstimefortheSSHtunneltobecreatedbeforeproceedingtothenextcommand.(This
canbelengthenedifnecessary.)Afterthewaitperiod,theprogram(KrdcVNCinthisexample)isstarted.
Ofcourse,anyprogramcouldbestarted(toberunthroughtheSSHtunnel)inthisfashion,notjustaVNCprogram.
Automate SSH connections that require a password
Thismethodisstronglyadvisedagainst.TransmittinganunencryptedpasswordthroughtheInternet(inordertoestablishanSSHconnection)
invitespasswordsniffing.UsetheOpenSSHkeypairmethodsdescribedabove,instead.Thismethodislistedhereforreference.
Terminalinteractions(suchastheSSHpasswordchallenge)canbeautomatedusingtheexpect(http://linux.die.net/man/1/expect)utility.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ expect
If,forexample,yourSSHclientIDisclienruserID,yourpasswordisnor#1sosrronq,andtheremoteSSHserveris
remoreserver.compurer.xyz(usingthedefaultSSHportof22),thenusethiscommandtostarttheSSHtunnel:
expect -c 'spaWh ssh -J cJ1ehtuseTu -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59u1 enoteseve.conpute.xyz -p 22 expect assWod sehd "hot#1sostohg`h" 1hteact'
Thereareotherparametersinthisexample.5900and5901aretheportstobeusedoneithersideofthetunnel(port5900isusedforVNC,for
Thereareotherparametersinthisexample.5900and5901aretheportstobeusedoneithersideofthetunnel(port5900isusedforVNC,for
example).SeePortforwardingthroughSSHformoredetails.
Youcanusetheentirecommandasamenuitem(mustbe"Runinterminal"intheAdvancedmenuoptions).
VNC
VirtualNetworkComputing(VNC)mirrorsthedesktopofaremote("server")computeronyourlocal("client")computer(itisnotaseparate
remotelogin,asisXDMCP).AuserontheremotedesktopmustbeloggedinandrunningaVNCserver(suchasX11VNC,Vino,orKrfb).
Keyboardandmouseeventsaretransmittedbetweenthetwocomputers.VNCisplatformindependentaVNCviewerononeoperating
systemcanusuallyconnecttoaVNCserveronanyotheroperatingsystem.(WindowsuserscanuseoneofseveralclientssuchasUltraVNC
Viewer(http://www.uvnc.com/docs/uvncviewer.html).)
Vino Remote Desktop VNC server
Vinoserver(theGnomeVNCserver)isincludedbydefaultinUbuntu.Start:
Menu>System>Preferences>RemoteDesktop
YoucanacceptuninvitedconnectionsintheSecuritysection.Youcanrequireapasswordfortheseconnections.
ThisimplementationofVinodoesnotallowchangingthedefaultlisteningports(whichstartat5900).IfyouwishtocustomizeyourVNC
connection,useX11VNCinstead.
AusercanconnectusingVinagre,theTerminalServerClient,oranyotherVNCclient.
How to securely use VNC with SSH tunneling
ItislesssecuretoleavetheVNClisteningportopentotheInternet,evenwithapassword.(Thiscanexposeyoutopasswordcrackingattempts.)
ItismoresecuretouseSSHtotunnelyourVNCconnection.UnderSSHportforwarding,theVNClisteningportisthe<remoteport>.To
increasesecurity,thislisteningportcanbechangedfromthedefault5900.OnlytheVNCserverandtheSSHclientneedtospecifythe<remote
port>inasecureconnection.
X11VNC Server
WhileVinoiseasytouse,X11VNCallowsfarmorecustomizationandthereforecanbeusedmoreinsituationswheregreatersecurityisneeded.
InstallanX11VNCservertoshareyourdesktopwithothercomputer:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ x11vhc
RunX11VNCwithoutapassword:
x11vhc -foeve -fbpot 59uu
Note:rfbport5900specifiestheporttolistenon.Theportnumbercanbechanged.Thisoptionisnotrequiredifthedefaultport5900will
beused.Don'tforgettoopen/forwardthisportinyourfirewall/router.BydefaultX11VNCserverexitsafterthefirstclientdisconnects.To
keepitrunning(andallowfutureconnections),usetheforeveroption.Seehere(http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html)for
morecommandlineoptions.
CreateapasswordtousewithX11VNC:
nkd1 ~7.vhc
x11vhc -stoepassWd YuURPA55WuRu ~7.vhc7x11vhc.pass
X11VNCcanthenbestartedwithapassword:
x11vhc -foeve -fbpot 59uu -fbauth ~7.vhc7x11vhc.pass -o ~7.vhc7x11vhc.Jog -Joopbg -d1spJay .u
YoucancreateastartupscriptsothatX11VNCisautomaticallyloadedatstartup(withpasswordsettings):
echo "7us7b1h7x11vhc -foeve -fbpot 59uu -fbauth ~7.vhc7x11vhc.pass -o ~7.vhc7x11vhc.Jog -Joopbg -d1spJay .u" > ~7.cohf1g7autostat7x11vhc.sh
chnod +x ~7.cohf1g7autostat7x11vhc.sh
Youcantestthestartupscript:
~7.cohf1g7autostat7x11vhc.sh
Using VNC with SSH
SeePortforwardingthroughSSHforadditionalinformation.
Vinagre VNC client
Vinagre(http://library.gnome.org/users/vinagre/stable/index.html.en)isthedefaultGnomebasedVNCclientusedinUbuntu.
Menu>Applications>Internet>RemoteDesktopViewer
Terminal Server Client
TheTerminalServerClientisanUbuntu/Gnomefrontendforrdesktop(http://www.rdesktop.org/)(forRDPconnectionstoWindows
computers)andoneofseveralvncviewerclients(forVNCconnections).IncanbeusedinsteadofVinagre.
Menu>Applications>Internet>TerminalServerClient
TouseitwithVNC,oneoftheVNCclientsmustbeinstalledfirst.Forexample,installtheTightVNC(http://www.tightvnc.com/)client:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xt1ghtvhcv1eWe
NotethattheTightVNCclientcanbeusedfromthecommandline(orasamenuitem)directly:
vhcv1eWe 192.16B.0.12..5900
where192.168.0.12isanexamplenosrlocationthatisrunningaVNCserveronport5900.Formorecommandlineoptions,use
nah vhcv1eWe
Krdc VNC client
KrdcisthedefaultVNCclientinKubuntu/KDEbutcanbeusedinGNOME.ItcanbeusedforbothVNCandRDPconnections.Installingit
willalsoinstalltheQtplatformandmanyKDEutilities(alargedownload).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kdc
Run:
Menu>Applications>Internet>Krdc
Thecommandlineconnection(foruseasamenuitem,forexample)is:
kdc vhc.77<enote TP>
Iftheremote(Krfp)VNCserverisusinga<remoteport>otherthanthedefault5900port,use
kdc vhc.77<enote TP>.<enote pot>
KrdccanalsoconnecttoaWindowsserverusingRDP(RemoteDesktopProtocol).
kdc dp.77<enote TP>.<enote pot>
Using a VNC client with SSH
Seethishowto(http://jeltsch.org/node/209)foranautomatedsetupusingascript(itdidnotworkforme,butitmightforyou).
Inbrief,youwouldinitiateanSSHtunnelwithportforwardingusingPuttyorthecommandline:
ssh -C <enote 1p> -p <55h tuhheJ pot> -L <JocaJ pot>.<enote conpute>.<enote pot> -J <use>
thenyouwouldstartaVNCclientsuchasKrdc:
kdc vhc.77JocaJhost.<JocaJ pot>
<localport>willusuallybethedefault5900,inwhichcaseyoucouldsimplyuse
kdc vhc.77JocaJhost
XVNC4Viewer VNC Client
XVNC4ViewerisanalternativetoVinagreortheTerminalServerClient(vncviewer).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ xvhc4v1eWe
Automatic user login (for use with VNC)
VNConlyworksifauserisloggedin.Whenacomputer(hostingoneormoreservers)isintendedtostartupunattendedandVNC(withor
withoutSSHtunneling)istobeused,thecomputeroughttostartwiththeprimaryuserloggedin.Toaccomplishthis:
Menu>System>SystemSettings>LoginManager>Convenience>EnableAutoLogin(ric|eJ)>Locksession(ric|eJ)
>Preselectuser:Specified:Cnoose primory user(i.e.theuserhostingtheSSHtunnel,ifany,andtheVNCserver)
>AutomaticallyloginagainafterXservercrash(ric|eJ)
AlsomakesuretheVNCserverissettoAutostartatbootup.
FreeNX
FreeNX(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FreeNX)isaremotedesktopdisplayserver/clientsolutionthatnativelyincorporatesSSHtunneling
(unlikeVNC).ItisthereforemoresecurethanVNC(unlessVNCiscoupledwithSSHtunneling).
FreeNX Server
TheFreeserver.debpackagecanbedownloadedfromNoMachinefreeserverdownloads(http://www.nomachine.com/selectpackage.php?
os=linux&id=1).
Alternatively,addthefollowingrepositories:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.feehx-tean
Installthepackage:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ feehx
FreeNX Client
Downloadtheselfinstalling.debfilefromNoMachineClientdownloads(http://www.nomachine.com/selectpackageclient.php).
XDMCP
XDMCP(http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XDMCPHOWTO/index.html)allowsaseparateremoteloginbyanauthorizeduser.Thisloginis
separatefromthelocaluser.
XDMCPisnotsecureovertheInternetandshouldonlybeusedwithinaLAN.ItcannotbetunnelledthroughSSH.Itisturnedoffby
defaultinUbuntu.Toenableit,edittheconfigurationfile:
ged1t 7etc7gdn7custon.cohf
Findandchange(oradd)thelinefromfalsetotruesothatitreads:
|Xdncp
EhabJe=tue
Telnet
SSHis,basically,secureTelnet.
VPN clients
AVPN(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network)(VirtualPrivateNetwork)allowsasecureencryptedconnection("tunnelling")
overtheInternetbetweenaclient(eitherstandaloneoronaseparateLAN)andahomeorcorporateLANserver.
VPN through Network Manager
ThedefaultNetworkManagerinUbuntu/KubuntuhasaVPNclientavailable.ThisincludessupportforIPSecandCiscocompliantVPN
connections.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hetWok-nahage-vphc
ToconnecttoaVPNnetworkusingOpenVPN(SSL),installtheplugin:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hetWok-nahage-opehvph
ToconnecttoaVPNnetworkusingPPTP(MSWindowsservers),installtheplugin:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hetWok-nahage-pptp
Configure:
NetworkManagericon(insystemtray)>VPNConnections>ConfigureVPN
vpnautoconnect (vpn daemon)
vpnautoconnect(http://sourceforge.net/projects/vpnautoconnect/)isadaemontoallowautomaticvpnconnectionsthroughNetworkManager.
Download(http://sourceforge.net/projects/vpnautoconnect/files/)andinstallthe.debpackageforyourOSversion.
Other VPN clients
StandaloneVPNclientsbasedonprotocolareavailable(butnotnecessaryifusingNetworkManager):
vpnc(http://www.debuntu.org/howtoconnecttoaciscovpnusingvpnc),grmlvpn(http://grml.org/onlinedocs/grmlvpn.8.html)
forCiscocompliant(IPSec)VPNnetworks
openswan(http://www.openswan.org/)forIPSec(OpenSwan)VPNnetworks
pptplinux(http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/)forPPTP(MSWindowscompliant)VPNnetworks
openvpn(http://openvpn.net/),gadminopenvpnclientforOpenSSL(OpenVPN)VPNnetworks
VPN servers
OpenVPN
OpenVPN(http://openvpn.net/)isafree,GPLlicensedopensourcecrossplatformVPNsolutionbasedonOpenSSL(notIPSec).Installthe
server(thenseethewebsiteforfurtherinstallationinstructions):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehvph b1dge-ut1Js
AGUIconfigurationutility(GTKbased)isavailable:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gadn1h-opehvph-seve
Alsoseetheseinstallationtips.
Poptop (PPTP Server)
Poptop(http://poptop.sourceforge.net/)isafreeopensourcePPTPbasedVPNservercompatiblewithMSwindowsPPTPclients.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pptpd
OpenSwan
OpenSwan(http://www.openswan.org/)istheopensourceimplementationofIPSecbasedVPNconnectionsforLinux(andisasuccessorto
FreeSwan).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ opehsWah J1hux-patch-opehsWah
Security
Ubuntubydefaultisafairlysafesystem.However,ifyouintendtouseUbuntuasaserver,orforcriticalapplicationsinwhichlossofdata(by
accidentorbymaliciousintrusion)wouldbedisastrous,youshouldlearnhowtomakeUbuntumoresecure.AgoodintroductiontoUbuntu
SecurityBestPractices(http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/security#bestpractices)isavailable.RecommendedreadingincludesthebookCyber
Wor (nrrp://www.norpercollins.com/boo|s/97800619622SS/Cyber_Wor/inJex.ospx) byRichardClark
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke)andthisinterview(http://news.cnet.com/830127080_320004505245.html)withJoeWeiss
(ITadvisorfortheenergysectorsmartgrid).
Firewall
Networkcommunicationsgothrough"channels"calledports.Youcanrestrictwhichportsareavailable("open")fornetworkcommunications,
creatingabarricadetounwantednetworkintrusion.Firewallsdothisjobforyou.ButIguaranteethatifyouinstallonebeforeyouknowhowto
useitthatoneormorenetworkingprogramsonyoursystemwillstopworking.Readeverybitofdocumentationaboutafirewallbeforeinstalling
ityouwon'tregretthetimeinvested.Allofthesepackagesmodifyiptables(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iptables),whichisthesetofrulesthat
controlsnetworkaccessinandoutofyourcomputer.(Youcanmodifyiptablesmanuallyfromthecommandline,aswell,butifyouarethat
muchofanexpert,youprobablydon'tneedthisguide.)AlsoseetheofficialUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.10/serverguide/C/firewall.html).
Firestarter
Firestarter(http://www.fssecurity.com/)isanintuitivefirewallmanagerusedtosettheiptablesvalueswhichprovidefirewallcapabilitiesin
Linux(includingUbuntu).IthasaveryeasytouseGUI.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ f1estate
Firestarter fails to open system log
ThisisaprobleminNatty.Seethesolutionhere(https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firestarter/+bug/776361).
Guarddog
Guarddog(http://www.simonzone.com/software/guarddog/)isaGUIfirewallconfigurationutilitythathasbeenusedforKDE.Ithasacomplex
arrayofconfiguration,andisdifficulttouseforsomebeginners.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ guaddog
Uncomplicated Firewall
UncomplicatedFirewall(https://launchpad.net/ufw)isinstalledinUbuntubydefault,butallportsareopeninitially.Itisconfigurablethroughthe
commandlineinterface.Seethisforumthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=823741),orthisusagetutorial(http://www.ubuntu
unleashed.com/2008/05/howtotakeusesetupandadvantageof.html),orUbuntucommunityhelp(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW)
fortipsonhowtosetupanduseit.Ifnotinstalled,itcanbeinstalled:
apt-get 1hstaJJ ufW
Gufw
Gufw(http://gufw.tuxfamily.org/index.html)isagraphicaluserinterfaceforUncomplicatedFirewall.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ gufW
Anti-virus
Ifyouarerunningafileserver,interfacefrequentlywithWindowsdrives,orusevirtualization,youwillwantaviruscheckerforyourWindows
files.
ClamAV
ClamAV(http://www.clamav.net/)istheopensourcevirustoolforLinux.ToinstallClamAV:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ cJanav
AVG
AVG(http://free.avg.com/usen/download.prdafl)offersafreevirusscannerforLinuxina.debpackage.Downloadandinstallfromthe
website.
Avast
Avast(http://www.avast.com/linuxhomeedition)offersaLinuxedition(forhomeusersonly)ina.debpackage.Downloadandinstallfromthe
website.
Anti-spam
Spam Assasin
SpamAssasin(http://spamassassin.apache.org/)iswritteninperl,andismostlyforusewithaserver(suchasagroupwareserverorApache).
Install:
sudo apt-get spanassass1h
Rootkit checkers
Rootkits(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit)aremalicioustrojan(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing))likeprogramsto
allowanintrudertobecomearootuserandthereforehavecompleteadministrativecontroloverthesystem.Therearen'tmanyrootkitsinthewild
forLinux.Still,thisisagrowingsecurityproblem(especiallyinotheroperatingsystems)anditisamatteroftimebeforemorerootkitsappearin
Linux.Checkingforrootkitsisn'talwayssuccessfulfromasystemthatisalreadyinfected.Yourrootkitcheckershouldthereforeberunfrom
anothersystem,oraUSBpendrivewithanUbuntuLiveCDinstallation.Seetherootkitcheckermanualsforinstructionshowtodothis.Ifyou
areinfectedwitharootkit,youmustbackupallyourfilesandreinstallyoursystem.(ThankgoodnessthisiseasywithUbuntu,unlikewithother
operatingsystems).
Chkrootkit
Chkrootkit(http://www.chkrootkit.org/)checkslocallyforsignsofarootkit.Seethechkrootkitmanual(http://www.chkrootkit.org/README)
forusageinstructions.
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ chkootk1t
Run:
sudo chkootk1t
Rootkit Hunter
RootkitHunter(http://www.rootkit.nl/projects/rootkit_hunter.html)iscompatiblewith(K)Ubuntusystems.Seetheusageinstructions
(http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=35179&group_id=155034).
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ khuhte
Run:
sudo khuhte
Malicious commands to avoid
TherearemanymaliciouscommandstobeavoidedinLinux(asinalloperatingsystems).Itisworthwhiletobeawareofthesedangerous
commandssothattheyarenotexecutedbyaccidentorbymaliciousadvice.
USB drives
USBdrivesareamajorsourceofsecurityriskandmeansofdatatheft.
AnadministratorpasswordshouldbesetforthecomputerBIOSandbootingfromaUSBdriveorCD/DVDshouldbedisabled.
(Otherwise,anypasserbycanboottheirownOSandthenuseittostealdatafromtheharddrive.)
Seethisarticle(http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linuxdisablemodprobeloadingofusbstoragedriver/)formethodsofrestrictingUSBusage
toauthorizedusers.
Prevent unauthorized boots and system access
Manycomputersarekeptinplaceswherecasualpassersbymayhaveanopportunitytoaccessthecomputer,unobservedforshortperiods.In
additiontophysicalprecautionstopreventorslowcomputertheft(suchaslockedcases,alarms,andsecuritycablessimilartothoseusedtoslow
bicycletheft),precautions(http://www.pcworld.com/article/114727/lock_down_your_pc.html)shouldbetakentopreventanunauthorized
operatingsystemfrombeingbootedusinganexternaldevice(suchasUSBdrive).OncesuchasexternalOSisbooted,itcanbeusedtoaccess
mostharddrive(s)onthecomputerandthecontentscopiedtoasecondexternaldevice(tobeexaminedorunencryptedlater).Thisisacommon
meansofdatatheftthatisfastandeasytoaccomplish,andmeanstodeteritshouldbetakenonanypublicorsemipubliccomputer.
SetBIOStorestrictbootuptotheharddriveonly.
SetaSupervisor/Administratorpasswordforyourcomputer'sBIOS.(Irecommendwritingitdownandtapingittotheinsidecover
ofthecomputercasepriortolockingthecomputercase.)Disablebootingfromalldevicesexcepttheharddrive.Settingthehard
driveasthefirstprioritybootdeviceisnotenough,asmostcurrentBIOSmenusallowmanualselectionofanyenabledboot
devices.Onlytheharddriveshouldbeleftenabled.
EnableHardDrivelocking,ifyourcomputer'sBIOSallowsit.MostharddrivesallowapasswordtobesetbytheBIOSandstoredina
chipontheharddrivecontrollerwhichcanonlyberesetbydisassemblingtheharddrive.(Somemanufacturersprovideabackdoor
securitykey,however.)BIOSversionsfoundonnewercomputers/laptopsallowthispasswordtobesetintheBIOS,sothatonlyaBIOS
containingthecorrectpasswordcanunlocktheharddrive.(Iftheharddriveisthenremovedfromthecomputer,itcannotbeaccessedby
anyBIOSthatdoesnothavethecorrectpasswordorbackdoorsecuritykey.)Note,however,thatthisprecautiondoesnotprotectagainst
bootingfromexternaldevicesiftheBIOSisstillsettoallowthat.
Thereisarisktothissecuritymeasure.IfyouforgetthepasswordandtheBIOSpasswordssomehowgetreset,theharddrivewould
becomeinaccessible.TheBIOSandHardDrivepassword(s)shouldalwaysbestoredinasafelocation.
PasswordprotecttheGrubbootloader.Withoutpasswordprotection,GrubcanbeusedtocircumventBIOSrestrictions.Seethissection
forGrubLegacyandthissectionforGrub2.
Makesurealluseraccountsareprotectedbyapassword,andalwaysrequirepasswordsforlogin.Nevercreatean"administrator"user
account(hiddenornot)andleaveitunprotectedbyapassword.Neverenableautomaticloginwithoutapasswordtoanyuseraccount.
Itispossibletoenableautomaticlogintoapreferredpasswordprotecteduseraccountwhilesimultaneouslyenablingapassword
protectedscreensaver(thepasswordforwhichmuststillbeenteredevenbeforeinitialuseraccess).Thisisareasonablesolutionthat
offersprotectionwhilestillallowingautomaticlogin.
Makesureapasswordprotectedscreensaverisalwaysenabled(thatwillengageafterareasonablyshortperiodofinactivity).
Network Monitors
Therearetwotypesofnetworkmonitors:thosethatmonitoryourownsystem'snetworksettingsandthosethatmonitornetworktraffic.Thelatter
includessecuritytools(thatcanalsobeusedashackerstools)forexposingsecurityweaknessesinanetwork.Beawareandbesafe!Alistof
availabletoolsisatTopUbuntuSecurityTools(http://www.ubuntuunleashed.com/2008/06/topsecuritytoolsinubuntu.html).
Netstat
Netstat(http://www.faqs.org/docs/linux_network/x0872iface.netstat.html)istheLinuxcommandlinetooltomonitornetworkstatusand
functions.Therearemanyusageparameters.Seethemanualforhelp.
hetstat
Etherape (Network monitoring)
EtherApe(http://etherape.sourceforge.net/)isagraphicalutilitythatallowsyoutosee(inrealtime)whereconnectionsarebeingmadeonyour
network,orbetweenyournetwork(orcomputer)andtheInternet.Ifyouareexperiencingunexpectednetworkactivityonyourcomputeror
LANandwishtoseewheretheactivityisoccurring,thisisaneasytooltouse.Both"local"userand"rootuser"installationsarecreatedin
generalyoumustusetherootuserinstallationtoseeallyournetworktraffic.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ etheape
List open files
Sometimesyouwillseeyournetworkslowingandwanttoknowwhichfilesaresendingdataoverports.Usethiscommand:
Jsof -1 -h -P
Nmap
Nmap(http://nmap.org/)isafreeopensourceutilityfornetworkexploration(includingshowingopenportsandrunningservices)andsecurity
auditing.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hnap
ScanyourownPC:
hnap JocaJhost
(Onceyouhavefoundoutwhichportsareopen,useafirewalltoclosetheonesyoudon'twantopen.)
Nmap GUI
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hnapfe
oryoucantryZenmap:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ zehnap
Nessus
Nessus(http://www.nessus.org)isaproprietarycomprehensivevulnerabilityscanningsuitethatisfreeforpersonal,nonenterpriseusage.Seethe
websitefordetails.
Snort
Snort(http://www.snort.org/)isthedefactoopensourcestandardforintrusiondetection.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ shot
ItcanbeusedwithanMySQLdatabase(sudoaptgetinstallsnortmysql)orwithaPostgreSQLdatabase(sudoaptgetinstallsnortpgsql).
AcidBase
AcidBase(http://secureideas.sourceforge.net/)isanintrusiondetection/basicanalysisandsecurityenginethatusesSnort.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ac1dbase
AppArmor
AppArmor(http://en.opensuse.org/AppArmor)isasetofsecurityenhancementsdevelopedbyNovellforSUSELinux.Itisinstalledin
(K)ubuntubydefault.
Disable AppArmor
AppArmorcanpreventsomeservicesfromrunningasexpectedandcannotbeusedinconjunctionwithSELinux.Todisableit:
7etc71h1t.d7appano stop
update-c.d -f appano enove
apt-get enove appano appano-ut1Js
SELinux
SELinux(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecurityEnhanced_Linux)(SecurityEnhancedLinux)isanNSA(USNationalSecurityAdministration)
recommendedsetoftoolsforenhancedsecurityinLinuxsystems.Itenforcesstrictaccesscontrols(privileges)andismeantformissioncritical
installations.Itisnotsuitableforthecasualdesktopuser.ItwasfirstavailableinHardyHeronandisbeingupdatedforIntrepidIbex.Itisnot
compatiblewithAppArmor(whichmustfirstberemoved).
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ seJ1hux
Knockd (Port security)
Knockd(http://www.zeroflux.org/projects/knock)isasmallserverthatlistensforapredefinedsequenceofportopeningattempts(a"knock")
beforeopeninganotherwiseclosedfirewallportforcommunications.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ khockd
Network Management
Monitoryournetworkordatacenterwithaframeworkofutilities.ComparabletoIBMTivoli(whichcancostthousandsofdollars),these
solutionsaregenerallyavailableaseithercommunityorenterpriseeditions.
Hyperic(http://www.hyperic.com/products/opensourcesystemsmonitoring.html)isanopensourcenetworkmonitoringframeworkthat
canbeusedineitheradatacenteroracloudenvironment(itisusedforAmazonCloud).Bothafreecommunityversionandasubscription
enterpriseversionareavailable.
GroundworkOpenSource(http://www.groundworkopensource.com/community/communityedition.html)offersacommunityeditionthat
integratesotherpackagessuchasNagios,Nmap,andothers.Thereisasubscriptionenterpriseversionaswell.Ithasitsrootsina
universitysetting.
OpenQRM(http://www.openqrm.com/)istheGPLlicensed,freeopensourcecommunitysuccessortotheverypopularnetwork
monitoringsolutionQlusters.Itisavailable(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=153504)asaDebian/Ubuntupackage.
Seethewebsitefordetails.
CanonicalofferstheLandscape(http://www.canonical.com/projects/landscape)networkmanagementservicefor$150pernode,witha
freetrialavailable.
Zenoss(http://www.zenoss.com/)isacommercialnetworkmonitoringsubscriptionpackage(about$150/node)withalimitedfree"core"
editionalsoavailable.
Nagios
Nagios(http://www.nagios.org/)isafreeopensourcenetworkmonitoringsolution.Itisadministeredfromawebinterface
(http://localhost/nagios)andisexpandableusingalargenumberofavailableplugins.Foradditionalconfigurationinformation,seetheofficial
Ubuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/nagios.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ hag1os3
Munin
Munin(http://muninmonitoring.org/)isafreeGPLlicensedopensourcenetworkingmonitoringtoolbasedonRRDTool
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RRDtool),inwhichamasternetworknodequeriesothernetworkresources,catalogingandgraphicallydisplaying
changes.Ithasawebinterfaceandmultipleplugins.Foradditionalconfigurationinformation,seetheofficialUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/munin.html).Install(http://muninmonitoring.org/wiki/LinuxInstallation):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nuh1h
Cacti Monitoring Server
Cacti Monitoring Server
Cacti(http://www.cacti.net/)isacomplete,freeopensourcenetworkgraphingsolutiondesignedtoharnessthepowerofRRDTool
(http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/)sdatastorageandgraphingfunctionality.Cactiprovidesafastpoller,advancedgraphtemplating,multipledata
acquisitionmethods,andusermanagementfeaturesoutofthebox.ItusesMySQLandPHP(partoftheLAMPserverstack).Allofthisis
wrappedinanintuitive,easytouseinterfacethatmakessenseforLANsizedinstallationsuptocomplexnetworkswithhundredsofdevices.For
moreinfoseeCactiServerSetup(http://www.ubuntugeek.com/installandconfigurecactimonitoringtoolinubuntu810intrepidibex
server.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ cact1
Cluster SSH
ClusterSSH(http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/clusterssh/index.php?title=Main_Page)allowsreplicationofacommandonanadministration
consoletobereplicatedviaSSHtomultiplecomputersinacluster.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ cJustessh
Enterprise Network Firewall
IPCop
IPCop(http://www.ipcop.org)isafreeopensource(GPLlicensed)firewallsolutionforuseasanindependentappliance(onadedicatedPC)in
anenterprisenetwork.Itallowsremotemanagementandcanprotectmultipleservers,includingwebandemailservers.IPSecbasedOpenVPNis
supported.TheCDimage.isoandotherfilescanbedownloadedhere(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?
group_id=40604&package_id=35093).Installationinstructionsareonthewebsite.
SmoothWall
SmoothWallExpress(http://www.smoothwall.org/)isanawardwinning,free,opensource(withaGPLlicense)firewallsolutionforuseasan
independentappliance(onadedicatedPC)inanenterprisenetwork.DownloadtheinstallationCD.isoimagehere
(http://www.smoothwall.org/get/)(serverOSincluded),burnontoaCD,andinstallonanew,dedicatedPC.Manyfeatures,however,suchas
VPNserver,databaseaccessauthentications,andcontentfilteringareonlyimplementedinacommercialversion,however,andarenotavailable
inthecommunityversion.
Endian
Endian(http://www.endian.com/en/community/about/)isaveryrobust,free,opensourceuniversalthreatmanagementappliancesimilarto
IPCopandSmoothwall.ItalsoincorporatesOpenVPN.LikeSmoothwall,Dansguardianisusedforcontentfiltering(andisincludedinthe
communityedition).Commercialandhardwareversionswithsomeadditionalfeatures,automaticupdates,andprofessionalsupportareavailable.
Seethewebsitefordetails.
LTSP (Thin client support)
LTSP(http://www.ltsp.org/)(theLinuxTerminalServerProject)addsthinclient(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_client)supporttoLinux
servers.Thepackageisfree,GPLlicensed,andtheclientcanbeusedtorunprogramsoneitherLinuxorWindowsLTSPservers.Thereisa
moduleforclassroommanagement(ltspcontrolaula)aswell.Installationinstructionsarehere
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPQuickInstall).ThealternateLiveCDcanalsobeusedtoinstallaterminalserver,as
indicatedintheseinstructions(http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/serveredition/technologies/ltsp).
LTSP Server
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ Jtsp-seve Jtsp-nahage
LTSP Client
Install:
sudo apt-get Jtsp-cJ1eht
iTALC (Thin client for Education)
iTALC (Thin client for Education)
iTALC(http://italc.sourceforge.net/)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)thinclientsolutionthatsupportsboth(K)UbuntuLinuxandWindows
XP.Ithasbeenusedwidelyineducationalsettingstomonitor,share,andcontrolmultipleworkstations.Seethewebsitefordownloadand
installationinstructions.
Internet Cafe software
InternetCafe(orCyberCafe)softwareisspecializedLANadministrationsoftwarethatincludestimeusagemonitoring,billing,and
administration.Itcanalsobeusedinschools,libraries,andorganizationswithmultiplemonitoredworkstationsrequiringusagelimits.
OutKafe
OutKafe(http://outkastsolutions.co.za/outkast/index.php?option=com_openwiki&id=outkafe)isafree,opensource,GPLlicensedcybercafe
solutionbasedonapostgreSQLdatabaseserverstack.Itisrunonhundredsofsites.ItisGTKbasedbutcanberunwithKubuntu(KDE).
OpenKiosk
OpenKiosk(http://openkiosk.sourceforge.net/)isafreeopensourcemultiplatformserver/clientsolutionforadministeringandmonitoringgroups
ofworkstations,suchasinlibraries,schoollabs,andinternetcafes.Installationisfromsourcefiles.Seethewebsitefordetails.
CafePilot
CafePilot(http://www.dijitanix.com/)isafreemultiplatformJavabasedserver/clientsolutionforrealtimemonitoringandbillingofCybercafe
workstations.AcompletecustomUbuntubasedLiveCDserver/multipleclientsolution(includingOSandmanyapplicationsforunlimited
workstations)isavailablefor$100here(http://www.dijitanix.com/index.php/cucci).
Miscellaneous solutions
Thisthread(http://ask.slashdot.org/story/10/04/11/188217/WhatAdviceForaSingleParentAsServerAdmin?
from=rss&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+Slashdot%2FslashdotLinux+%28Slashdot%3A+Linux%29)
discussesseveralothersolutions,including:
Untangle(http://www.untangle.com/)
m0n0wall(http://m0n0.ch/wall/)
ClearOS(http://clearfoundation.com)
Pessulus (Lockdown Editor)
PessulusisaGTK(Gnome)basedutilitythatallowsanacomputeradministratortorestrictacccesstoseveraladministrativefunctions,including
thecommandlineTerminalandmanyotherfunctions.ThisisusefulonpublickioskPCs,forexample.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pessuJus
Cluster (cloud) computing
Eucalyptus(http://eucalyptus.cs.ucsb.edu/)isaprojectfromUniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbaratofacilitateclustercomputingon
UbuntuserversthathaveXenenabled.ItisavailablefortheservereditionandisreferredtoastheUbuntuEnterpriseCloud
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEC).
AlsoseetheUbuntuCloudComputing(http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud)page.
A warning about distributed computing
Cloudcomputingisoftenmistakenforremotehosting.Whilecloudcomputingusingpublichostsmaybebeneficialin"farmingout"afewof
yournonsensitivecomputingneeds,therecenteaseofcloningfilesystemsandthepromiscuityofdatacentershasplacedagreatdealofsensitive
dataatriskwhendatabasesandcriticalserverfunctionsthemselvesareremotelyhostedatasitenotunderyourcompletecontrol.Even"trusted"
banksandotherlargebusinessesroutinelytradeandselloursensitive"private"datatomultiplepartners(sometimesforprofitandsometimes
unwittingly).Hostedserversarecompromisedonadailybasisanditisnotveryeasyforanendcustomertoknowhoweffectivearethesecurity
practicesofaremotehostingservice.Further,anydataleftonpublicstoragedevices(cloudservers)intheUSformorethan180daysaresubject
tosearchandseizurebygovernmentagenciesthere.Therefore,itisalmostalwaysmoresecuretohostyourownserver(s)inhouseandtolimit
thetrafficandaccesstoyourdatabasesandserverstomembersofyourownorganization.Learninghowtorunyourownserversisworththe
effort,andpowerfulhardwareonwhichtorunthemisinexpensivethesedays.
TheUbuntucloudcomputingenvironmentallowsyoutorecruitthemultiplecomputerswithinyourownorganizationfordistributed("cloud")
computingandtherebykeepitall"inhouse"(behindsecurefirewalls).Youdonotneedtoexposeyourorganizationtoinsecureremotepublic
hostsinordertousecloudcomputing.
BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing)
BOINC(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing)ismiddlewaresoftwaredevelopedatUC
Berkeley(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Sciences_Laboratory)toallowmultiplecomputerstooperateasagridbased(cloudbased)
supercomputer.ThereareoverhalfamillioncomputersparticipatinginBOINCprojects.ToinstallBOINC(http://wiki.debian.org/BOINC)and
participateinoneormoreoftheseprojects:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bo1hc
Servers
Manyserverpackages(suchasApache2,MySQL,PHP,etc.)canbeinstalledindividually,oneitheraDesktopeditionoraServeredition(using
thetaskselcommanddescribedbelow).Itisnotnecessaryingeneral,therefore,toinstallUbuntuServerifyouonlywishtouseanoccasional
serverpackageonaDesktopedition.MostoftheinstructionsforindividualserverpackageswillworkontheServeredition,ontheDesktop
edition,oronaServereditionthathashadanUbuntuorKubuntudesktopinstalledonit.
Nevertheless,theServereditionisoptimisedforspeedandeaseofmonitoringandmaintenancewhenimplementedinlargenetworksandis
thereforerecommended.(ForcompleteinformationseetheUbuntuServerGuide(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/index.html).)Itis
alwayspossibletoaddanUbuntu(Gnome)orKubuntu(KDE)GUIdesktoptoanUbuntuServeratanytime.
DownloadthelatestUbuntuServerISOimagefromUbuntudownloads(http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/downloadserver).
Seethisguide(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto)forburningtheISOimagetoaCD.
UsetheCDforinstallationoftheserver.
(Ifyouareattemptingtocreateadualbootormultibootconfigurationwithmultipleoperatingsystemsonyourcomputer,thenseethesetips.)
(Tip:Duringinstallationoftheserver,aninitialuser/passwordiscreated.Manyserversareintendedtorununattendedwithlittlesubsequent
interventionanditcanbeeasytoforgettheoriginaluser/passwordpairthatiscreatedatinstallation.Isuggestwritingthisinformationdownand
tapingittotheinsideofthecomputercasecoverforlaterreference.(Lockthecomputercaseifyoudesireextrasecurity.))
TherearemanyserverpackagesthatareavailabletobeinstalledasaonestepprocessduringtheServereditioninstallationprocessfromthe
LiveCD,oratanytime(onmosteditions)usingthetasksel(http://wiki.debian.org/tasksel)command.Foralistofserverpackagesthatcanbe
installedusingthetaskselcommand:
sudo taskseJ --J1st-tasks
orusingaGUIlist:
sudo taskseJ
Ultimate Server Walkthrough
UsinginstructionsfromUbuntuguide,anultimateservercanbecreatedwithtwowikis(MediaWiki),twoDrupalwebsites,aMoodle
onlinelearningwebsite,aBigBlueButtonteleconferencingserver,anUbuntudesktop,anddynamicDNSaccessfromtheweb.All
componentscanbeexpandedand/oradditionalserversadded.
Lucidultimateserverwalkthrough.
OriginalJauntyultimateserverwalkthrough.
TorunmultipleserversonmultiplecomputersonaLANusingonlyasingleIPaddressandrouter,seeReverseproxyServersand
LoadBalancers.
Add a desktop to an Ubuntu Server
Packagesthatrequireservercapabilities(suchasDrupalwithApache,etc.)areoftenhappierwhenaServereditionisinstalledasthebaseOS.
However,addingadesktopcanmaketheadministrationandmaintenanceofmanypackageseasierformanyusers(albeitwithacostofreduced
serverspeed).AddanUbuntu(Gnome)orKubuntu(KDE)desktoptoaserverusing:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ubuhtu-desktop
or
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kubuhtu-desktop
LAMP server installation
Duringserverinstallation,youwillhavetheoptionofinstallingaLAMP(Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP)serverstack.Many(butnotall)open
sourceserversusethisintegratedserverstack.Drupal,forexample,needstohaveaLAMPserverinstalled.Ifyouintendtoinstallagroupware
server,however,makesureitiscompatiblewithaLAMPserverstackbeforechoosingthisoption.ManygroupwareserverswillinstallLAMP
(ortheirownvariation)automatically,soyoudonotneedtoinstalltheLAMPstack.OtherswillinstallandusepostgreSQLinsteadofMySQL,
soyouwouldnotneedtoinstallaLAMPserver.
Apache2 + MySQL + PHP
Thisisthepreferredmethod:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ Janp-seve
(Tip:DuringinstallationoftheLAMPserver,aninitialMySQL"root"userpasswordiscreated.Thisinformationwillsometimesbeneeded
wheninstallingotherserverpackagesthatuseMySQL.IsuggestwritingtheMySQLpassworddownandtapingittotheinsideofthecomputer
casecoverforlaterreference.(Lockthecomputercaseifyoudesireextrasecurity.))
Other servers
Duringserverinstallation,youcanchooseotherserverstoinstall,aswell.TheseincludeaMailserver(PostfixwithDovecot),aDNSserver
(bind9),theOpenSSHserver,aprintserver,aTomcatJavawebserver,aSambafileserver(forusewithWindowsnetworks),andavirtual
machinehost(Xen).Again,ifyouareusingagroupwaresolution,youshouldbecarefulaboutinstallingtheseservices,astheymayconflictwith
similar(butcompeting)serverswhichthegroupwaresolutionwillinstallbydefault.
eBox (server and network manager)
eBox(http://www.eboxplatform.com/)isawebbrowserbasedservermanagementplatformthatisusefulinmanagingmultipleserversand
networkingfunctionsinasmalltomediumbusiness.Itismodularsothatasthenetworkgrowsandmorenetworkingfunctionsorservers(such
astheoneslistedbelow)areadded,eBoxcanmanagethose,aswell.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ebox
OpenSSH server
OpenSSHallowsencryptedcommunicationsthroughadesignatedsecureport.SeesettingupanSSHserver.
Mail Server
Therearetwomethodsforsettingupamailserver.
ThedovecotpostfixpackageinstallthecomponentsandconfigurationfilestousetheMaildir(mailspooling)foldersystembydefault.See
DovecotPostfixMailserver.
Themailservertaskinstallsthecomponentsandconfigurationfilestousethembox(mailspooling)systembydefault.Thiscanbe
installed:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ na1J-seve
Bind9 (DNS server)
BIND(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIND)DNSserversarethemostcommonlyusedontheInternet.Bind9isthecurrentedition.Seetheusage
instructionhere(http://www.bind9.net/manual/bind/9.2.5/Bv9ARM.html).AlsoseetheofficialUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/dns.html)formoreconfigurationinformation.Itcanbeinstalledusingthetaskseloptionduring
installationoftheUbuntuserverfromtheLiveCD,oratanytimeusing:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ dhs-seve
Apache Tomcat (3ava server)
Tomcat(http://tomcat.apache.org/)isafreeopensourceplatformfromApachewhichprovidesa"pureJava"HTTPwebserverenvironmentfor
Javacodetorun(seehere(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_tomcat)formoreinfo).
ItisnotpartoftheApache2webserver.SeetheofficialUbuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/tomcat.html)for
moreconfigurationinformation.ItcanbeinstalledusingthetaskseloptionduringinstallationoftheUbuntuserverfromtheLiveCD,oratany
timeusing:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ toncat-seve
Xen virtual machine host
Xen(http://www.xen.org/)isafreeopensourcevirtualizationplatformthatallowsthehosttorun"guest"operatingsystemssimultaneously(see
here(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen)formoreinfo).Xenimplementationinthe(K)ubuntuserverisbasedonintegrationwithKVM
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernelbased_Virtual_Machine),thekernelbasedvirtualizationplatforminLinux.KVMintegrateswithQEMU
(http://bellard.org/qemu/about.html)components,whichhavebeenmergedwithXen.
Note:KVMrequiresa64bitprocessorwithavirtualizationextension,i.e.anIntelVT
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#Intel_Virtualization_Technology_.28Intel_VT.29)orAMDV
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#AMD_virtualization_.28AMDV.29)CPU,thereforethispackagecurrentlyissuccessfulonly
withthe64bitUbuntuserverinstallationandonthoseCPUs.
ItcanbeinstalledusingthetaskseloptionduringinstallationoftheUbuntuserverfromtheLiveCD,oratanytimeusing:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ v1t-host
Print server
UbuntuusestheCUPSprintserver(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/cups.html),whichisintegratedintothedesktop.Installinga
printserverinUbuntuServerisnecessaryonlyifyoudonotintendtouseadesktop(i.e.youintenda"headless"server).Itcanbeinstalledusing
thetaskseloptionduringinstallationoftheUbuntuserverfromtheLiveCD,oratanytimeusing:
sudo taskseJ 1hstaJJ p1ht-seve
OpenLDAP
OpenLDAP(http://www.openldap.org/)isacommunitybasedLDAP(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol)
serverthatallowsdirectoryqueryingoverTCP/IP,generallyfororganizationsarrangedbydomain.Ubuntuusestheslapddaemonforthe
OpenLDAPserver.SeetheofficialUbuntudocumentation(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/openldapserver.html)formore
informationaboutinstallationandsetup.
Proxy server
Squid
Squid(http://www.squidcache.org/)isawidelyusedproxywebserverandwebcachedaemonthatisusefulforcorporateorotherlargeLANs
thatwishtoaccelerateand/orcontroltrafficthroughtheLAN.Forinitialconfigurationinformation,seetheofficialUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/11.10/serverguide/C/squid.html).Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ squ1d
Privoxy
Privoxy(http://www.privoxy.org/)isanoncachingwebproxywithadvancedfilteringcapabilitiesforenhancingprivacy,modifyingwebpage
dataandHTTPheaders,controllingaccess,andremovingadsandotherobnoxiousInternetjunk.Itiseasiertoconfigureandmoreusefulfor
individualusers.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ p1voxy
Reverse proxy Servers and Load Balancers
Areverseproxy(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_proxy)serverallowsincomingwebtrafficonaLANtobedirectedtomultiplecomputers
(eachrunningoneormoreservers)ontheLAN.WhenredundantinstancesofaserverexistonaLAN,aLoadBalancer
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_balancing_%28computing%29)allowstraffictobedirectedtothemostavailableinstance.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_balancing_%28computing%29)allowstraffictobedirectedtothemostavailableinstance.
Pound (Reverse proxy and load balancer)
Pound(http://www.apsis.ch/pound/)isafree,opensource(GPLlicensed)lightweightreverseproxyandloadbalancer.AlsoseetheUbuntu
Community(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Pound)instructions.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pouhd
Apache Reverse proxy
TheApache2serverhasamod_proxy(http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass)moduleavailablethatenablesreverse
proxies.SeetheseinstructionsforasimplemethodtoimplementreverseproxiesusingthisApachemodule.
Control panels
Thereareseveralfreeand/orGPLlicensedcontrolpanelutilitiesformanagingmultipleserversonasinglephysicalserverorclusterofservers
runningDebian/Ubuntubasedservers.Here(http://www.techmixer.com/bestfreewebhostingcontrolpaneltomanagewebhosting/)isabrief
overview.
Webmin(http://www.webmin.com/)isthemostwidelyusedwebbrowserbasedfreeopensourcewebhostingcontrolpanelforLinux.
GNUPanel(http://gnupanel.org/)isafreeGPLlicensedwebhostingcontrolpanelsystemthatiscompatiblewithDebian/UbuntuOS
usingPHP.
Webcp.net(http://www.webcp.net/)isafreeGPLlicensedwebhostingcontrolpanelsystemthatiscompatiblewithDebian/UbuntuOS
usingPHP.
Network Attached Servers
FreeNAS
FreeNAS(http://www.freenas.org/)allowsaPCwithseveralharddrivestofunctionasaselfcontainednetworkattachedstorageRAIDdevice.
Itisaverysmall,fastsystem,sothatanolderPCscouldfunctionquitewellasanNAS.
Setup RAID in Ubuntu/Kubuntu
Seethisthread(http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=408461)foradiscussionhowtosetupRAIDonanUbuntu/Kubuntuserver.
Databases
Thereareseveralfreeenterprisestrengthdatabasesthatcanbeusedin(K)UbuntuLinux.
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL(http://www.postgresql.org/)isafreestandardscompliantenterprisestrengthopensourcedatabase,initiallydevelopedatUC
Berkeley.SeethePostgreSQLServerdocumentation(http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/admin.html)forserverconfigurationinformation.
Installusingthedummytask:
sudo taskseJ postgesqJ-seve
orinstalldirectly:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ postgesqJ-B.4
or
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ postgesqJ
MySQL
MySQL(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL)isoneofthemostwidelyusedrelationaldatabases,andhasbeenlicensedundertheGPLv2.It
hasnowbeenboughtbyOracleaspartofthepurchaseofSun.IthaslongbeenintegratedintocoordinatedserverplatformsusingtheLAMP
stack,butitcanalsobeinstalledseparately.
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ nysqJ-seve
Tips & Tricks
Run Command
YoucanrunanyapplicationinyourpathusingtheRunCommand.UseAlt+F2.
Turn off Hot Keys
Thisisthemosteviloptiononanyoperatingsystem,inmyopinion.Amisstrokeenablesanynumberofrandomevents.Unfortunately,this
problemispervasiveinoperatingsystemsandisdifficulttoturnoff.
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>InputActions>GeneralSettings>check"DisableKHotKeysdaemon"
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>InputActions>GesturesSettings>check"Disablemousegesturesglobally"
Ifyouwishtobeselectiveaboutit(thisdoesn'toftenwork,however),startbydisablingunnecessarydesktophotkeys.
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>Keyboard&Mouse>KeyboardShortcuts
Also,youmaywanttodeactivatelinkinggesturestostickyandslowkeys:
Menu>System>Administration>Accessibility>ActivationGestures>uncheck"Usegesturesforactivatingstickykeysandslow
keys"
Note:Youprobablywillhavetodisablehotkeysinmanyapplications,aswell.
HotkeysfromtheSynapticsTouchpadcanbeselectivelyturnedoffusingthisinformationfromtheUbuntudocumentation
(https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad#Ubuntu).
Associate default applications
ToassignthedefaultDVDplayer(makesureyouhaveenabledDVDplaybackcapabilityfirst:
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>FileAssociations>xcontent>videodvd>ApplicationsPreferenceorder>Add...
thenchooseyourfavouritemediaplayer.TherearesimilaroptionsforBluRay(videobluray)andHDDVD(videohddvd).Seteach
individually.
Toassignthedefaultplayerforplayingmpegs(orothervideoformats):
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>FileAssociations>video>mpeg>ApplicationsPreferenceorder>Add...
thenchooseyourfavouritemediaplayer.Youcandothisforahostofvideofileformats,including.wmv(xmswmv,orMicrosoftWMV
format),.flv(xflv,orFlashvideo),quicktime,andsoon.
Toassign.plsaudiostreamstoplaythroughAudacious:
Menu>System>Administration>Advanced>FileAssociations>audio>xscpls>ApplicationsPreferenceorder>Move
Audacioustothetop(orAdd...it).
Makesure*.plsappearsintheFilenamePatternssection.
Automatic user login
Toaccomplishthis(yetstillrequireauserpassword):
Menu>System>SystemSettings>LoginManager>Convenience>EnableAutoLogin(ric|eJ)>Locksession(ric|eJ)
>Preselectuser:Specified:Cnoose primory user
Thisoughttobecombinedwithapasswordprotectedscreensaver.
Autostart a program at bootup
Anyprogram(orscript)canbemadetoAutostartatbootupbycreatingasymboliclinktothatprogram(orscript)inthe~/.config/autostartfolder.
Forexample,tostartFirefoxatbootup,createasymboliclink:
sudo Jh -s 7us7b1h7f1efox ~7.cohf1g7autostat
Choose Bootup/Startup services
Preventingunneededorunwantedservicesfromloadingatstartupcanimprovesystemperformance.
InstalltheGTKbasedBootupManager:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ bun
RunBootupManager:
Menu>System>BootupManager
Run a script from a menu item
Itispossibletoplaceashortscriptinamenuitem/shortcuttoansweraninteractivequery(suchasapasswordquery).Hereisanexamplethatis
usedtoenterapasswordduringanSSHnegotiation.First,installtheutilityexpect(http://linux.die.net/man/1/expect):
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ expect
TheuseacommandintheMenuItem/Shortcutsimilarto:
expect -c 'spaWh ssh -J sshuser -L 59uu.127.u.u.1.59uu reno!eserver.reno!edonan.org -p 22 expect assWod sehd "sshpassword`h" 1hteact'
InthisexamplethepasswordssnpossworJisreturnedwhenthesshprogramrequiresapassword.Expectwaitsforsometexttobedisplayedin
thecommandlineterminalthenreturnstextinreturn.TheMenuItemmustbe"Runinterminal",therefore.
SHC (Encrypt scripts)
SHC(http://www.datsi.fi.upm.es/~frosal/)isasimplescriptcompilerthatwillconvertascriptintoabinary,obscuringthecode(andpasswords,
etc.).Usageinstructionsarehere(http://www.datsi.fi.upm.es/~frosal/sources/shc.html).InstallbyaddingtheDebianEtchrepository:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy 'http.77ach1ve.deb1ah.og7deb1ah etch na1h'
theninstalltheshcpackage:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ shc
Capture a screenshot
Seethistutorial(http://tips.webdesign10.com/howtotakeascreenshotonubuntulinux).
Customize desktop to look like KDE
InrecentversionsofUbuntu,theGnomedesktopcanbemadetoresemblethecleanerKDEdesktopwithsomecustomization.(Customizations
arehighlypersonal,andthissectionrepresentspreferenceonly.)
SeeDesktopCustomization.
Run a KDE 4 desktop from Ubuntu
ItispossibletoinstalltheKDE4baseddesktop(thedefaultinKubuntu)inUbuntu.
apt-get 1hstaJJ kubuhtu-desktop
Thereisariskofsoftwarebloatandsomeincompatibilitiesbetweenmoduleswhendoingthis.Atlogin,youcanchoose(asanoption)whether
Thereisariskofsoftwarebloatandsomeincompatibilitiesbetweenmoduleswhendoingthis.Atlogin,youcanchoose(asanoption)whether
tostarttheKDE(Kubuntu)desktoportheGnome(Ubuntu)desktop.Nevertheless,whentherearetwomodulestryingtoperformthesame
function(onefromeachdesktop),itispossibletohaveconflicts.
Run a KDE 3 desktop from Ubuntu
YoucanalsoinstalltheolderKDE3desktoponLucid,oralmostanyKDE3application.
AddthefollowingKDE3repositories:
sudo add-apt-epos1toy ppa.kde3-na1hta1hes
InstallKDE3.5desktop:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ kubuhtu-desktop-kde3
ToinstallanyKDE3app,append"kde3"suffixtopackagename.SeePearsonComputing(http://apt.pearsoncomputing.net/)for
additionaldetails.
Kill (end) a process
TherearemanytrickstotrytofixafrozenPC.PressAlt+F2,andusekillalltoendthefrozenapplication.Example:
sudo k1JJaJJ anaok
sudo k1JJaJJ f1efox
Inordertoterminateastuckgraphicalapplicationusethexkillutility.PressAlt+F2,typexkill,andpressRun.Pointthecursortothe
applicationyouwanttokillandpresstheleftmousebutton.Thisshouldkilltheselectedapplication.
xk1JJ
AnothertricktotryispressingAltGr+SysRq+K(RightAlt+PrintScreen+K).Thiswilllogyouout.But,whathappensifthisdoesnot
work?TrypressingCtrl+Alt+F1,login,enteryourpasswordandrun:
sudo k1JJaJJ gdn
sudo statx
View hidden files
IntheNautilusfilemanager,press:
CtJ+ h
Mute notifications (alerts)
Notifications(alerts)canbedisabled:
Menu>System>Preferences>Sound>SoundEffects>Soundtheme:>No sounJs>Close
GNOMEnotifications(alerts)areassociatedwithsoundsbydefault.Thiscanalsobedisabledseparately:
AltF2>gconfeditor>/apps/indicatorsound>volume_mute(ric|eJ)
Turnoffloginnotificationsound:
Menu>System>Preferences>StartupApplications>StartupPrograms>GNOMELoginSound(unric|eJ)>Close
>Menu>System>Administration>LoginScreen>Unlock>Playloginsound(unric|eJ)>Close
Random password generator
Pwgenisacommandlineutilitytogenerateablockofrandompasswords.RunitfromKonsole(inKubuntu)orTerminal(inUbuntu).
Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ pWgeh
Runpwgen:
pWgeh
UUIDgenisadefaultutilitytogeneratearandomUUID.Run:
uu1dgeh
TherandomUUIDcanalsobeusedasapassword,ifdesired.
Password checker and enforcement
JohntheRipper(http://www.openwall.com/john/)isafreeopensourcepasswordcrackerthatusesadictionaryofover4millioncommonlyused
passwordsinmanylanguages.Becausethistoolthiswidelyavailable,itisusefulforscanningandsecuringyourownLANandcomputersfor
passwordstrength.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ ohh
Passwdqc(http://www.openwall.com/passwdqc/)isamoduletoenforcepasswordstrength.Install:
sudo apt-get 1hstaJJ passWdqc
MDSSum
TochecktheMD5sumofafile,usethiscommandinthecommandline:
nd5sun fJenane
Filenames with spaces
Filenamesorfoldernameswithspacesinthemshouldbeenclosedwithparentheses("").Forexample,tochangetoadirectorynamed
"ThisDir"or"/home/ThisDir",usethecommand:
cd "Th1s u1"
or
cd 7hone7"Th1s u1"
Alternatively,aspaceinafilenameorfoldernamecanbeprecededwithabackslash.Forexample,tochangetoadirectorynamed"This
Dir"or"/home/ThisDir":
cd Th1s` u1
or
cd 7hone7Th1s` u1
Alien
Alien(http://kitenet.net/~joey/code/alien/)isamethodforconverting(RedHat).rpmpackagesinto(Debian).debpackages.Itisnotreliableand
convertedpackagesmustbetestedextensivelyforfunctionality,withlinechangesoftenrequired.Itisoftenmorereliabletocreate(Debian).deb
packagesfromsource,andeventheAliensoftwaremaintainersdonotrecommendusingAlienforimportantpackages.Tokeepalienfrom
changingtheversionnumber,usethefollowingcommand
aJ1eh -k pnf1Jehane.pn
Convertthepackage.rpmintoapackage.deb
aJ1eh -d package-hane.pn
Convertthepackage.rpmintoapackage.deb,andinstallthegeneratedpackage
aJ1eh -1 package-hane.pn
Toconvert.rpmtodebian
sudo aJ1eh -k *.pn
Software Troubleshooting
Permissions error on program startup
Ifyougetapermissionserror,trythefollowing:
sudo choWh -R user 7hone7user
Note:Replaceuserwiththeactualusername.Thiscommandchangestheownerofthefolder/home/usertouser.Rmeans
"recursively",i.e.includingallsubfolders.
CD-ROM Troubleshooting
Ifyoureceivethe"cdrecordhasnopermissiontoopenthedevice"errorwhileburningusingaCDburner,openaterminalandtype:
sudo chnod 777 7dev7scdu
Note:replace"/dev/scd0"withyourowndevice.
Note:chmod777istheuniversaloptionforgrantingfullpermissiontoafolder.The777maskindicatesthatread,write,andexecute
permissionisgiventoallusers.
Licenses
Linuxislargelyacommunityofvolunteersandassuchrepresentsoneofthelargestaltruisticeffortsonearth.Thisincludescompanieswho
decidetocontributetheirownsoftwareintothepublicdomainforfreeuse.Thecontinuedsuccessofsharingdependsonlicensesthatkeep
softwarefreeandusableforanyonewhowantstouseit.However,theremustbeamethodforLinuxusersanddeveloperstomakemoney,as
well.Licensinghelpsprotecteachoftheseefforts.SeetheWikipediaFreeSoftwareLicensingarticle(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free
software_license)andtheGNUoperatingsystemlicensingpage(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html)formorecompleteinformation.
GPL license
TheGPLv3(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License)license(andtheAfferoGPLv3
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affero_General_Public_License)licensefornetworkbasedsoftware)intendsthatthesoftwaremoduleorpackage
isfreetouseinanyenvironment,andfurthermore,anysoftwarethatreliesonthatGPLv3licensedmodulemustinturnalsobecompletelyfree.
Commercialandproprietarysoftwarepackagescan'tuseorincorporateGPLv3licensedmodules.
LGPL license
TheLesserGPL(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License)licenseintendsthatthesoftwaremoduleorpackageisfree
touseinanyenvironment,includingincommercialandproprietarysoftwarepackages.Thisallowscompaniestodevelopproprietarypackages
whichincludesLGPLlicensedmodules,fromwhichtheycanmakeaprofit.Thedisadvantageisthattheirproducts(whichbenefitfromthe
LGPLlicensedmodules)arenotrequiredtobeinthepublicdomaininturn.(Manycompaniesoftenlaterdonatetheirentirepackageintothe
publicdomain,however,aftertheynolongermakeaprofitfromthem.)
Apache license
TheApachelicense(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_license)hasbeenaroundalongtime.ItiscompatiblewiththeGPLv3license,but,
unliketheGPLv3license,itdoesnotrequiremodifiedsoftwaretoretaintheApachelicense.Inotherwords,Apachelicensedsoftwarecanbe
modifiedandthemodifiedsoftwarethenmadeproprietary(andthereforenotreturnedtotheopensourcecommunity).
modifiedandthemodifiedsoftwarethenmadeproprietary(andthereforenotreturnedtotheopensourcecommunity).
BSD license
TheBSDlicense(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_licenses)issimilartoapublicdomainlicense.Therearecurrentlymanyconfusingiterations
oftheBSDlicense,mostlyregardingattributionnoticesandadvertisingthatisrequiredtobeprovidedalongwithanysoftwarederivatives.The
BSDlicenseallowstheoptionofpropagationofeither(otherwiselicensed)freeopensourcerestrictionsorproprietaryrestrictions.Ittherefore
allowsamixof(otherwiselicensed)proprietarymodulesandopensourcedlicensedmodulestocoexistinthesamepackage.Thisflexibilityhas
madetheBSDlicensepopularwithcomplexdistributions(suchasthe(BSDUnixbased)MacOSXoperatingsystem,forexample).
Proprietary licenses
Thereisavastarrayofproprietarylicenses,alldifferent.Youneverknowwhatyourlimitationsforsoftwareareunlessyoureadeveryword.
Mostareattemptsbylawyerstohaveanopportunitytocreatealawsuitinthefuture.Somemaybecalled"free"licensesbuthavemany
limitationswhichyouwillnotbeawareofuntilyouareinthemiddleofalawsuit.NolicenseoutsideoftheGPLv3licenseisrecommended.Be
carefulwhencommittingyourorganizationtoamissioncriticalsoftwarepackagewithaproprietarylicense.Alsoseethisoutstandingarticleon
theOpenSourceEnterpriseTrap(http://www.honline.com/open/TheOpenSourceEnterpriseTrap/features/112992).
Requests
Placeyourrequestshere.
HowcanIcontribute?
Registerandthenaddyoursuggestionsdirectlytothewiki.
Import this guide into another wiki
HowdoIimportacopyofUbuntuguideintomyownwiki?
Seethispage.
eBook version of this guide
SeetheBooksCategory(http://www.kubuntuguide.info/index.php/Category:Books)forfreeUbuntuPDFeBooksbasedonthishelp
guide.
Thereisanoptioninthemenubarattheleftentitled"Printableversion"whichformatspagesforeasierprinting.Youcanprintthis(orany
otherdocument)toaPDFfileeasily.Bydefault,Ubuntuincludesa"PrinttoFile"optionfromitsPrintmenu.Usethisoptiontoprint
anythingappearinginyourbrowserintoaPDFfile.FromFirefox(oranyotherbrowserorprogram):
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Ubuntu Oneric Terminal Komande

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Ubuntu Oneric Terminal Komande

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Ubuntu:Oneiric

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