CHEMISTRY PAPER 1

1 B 26 D
2 A 27 C
3 C 28 A
4 B 29 A
5 B 30 A
6 D 31 A
7 C 32 B
8 A 33 C
9 D 34 C
10 D 35 C
11 D 36 B
12 C 37 C
13 C 38 C
14 A 39 C
15 C 40 B
16 A 41 D
17 A 42 B
18 D 43 D
19 B 44 B
20 A 45 D
21 C 46 B
22 C 47 A
23 C 48 C
24 A 49 C
25 D 50 C

Name:
SMJK SAl'" TET IPOR
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
Class:
Section A [40 marks)
Answer all quest ions in this section
1 a. The electron in a hydrogen atom finds Itself In the forth energy level.
A radiation wi th frequency v is emitted when the hydrogen atom regai ns
ground state.
State,; list of all the orbitals that the electron can po!.sibly ue found while
it is in the forth energy level.
4S, 4p, 4d, 4f
li; :;:;.;;w a n ;;rrGW on the diag(,a,{. LdvoN hll-N llh:: Cll.oJfI. 1t:6C1il'!I
ground state.
Ii ) Determine v .
= cR. (l/n,' - l/n,')
= (3.0 x 10' )(1.097 x 10
1
' ) (1/1' - 1/4' )

"l.1,rt"S"
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL
n =6
(1)
(1)
(2)
Pagel
Name: Class:
b. Beryllium chloride, BeCil,. is an electron deficient compound. In the gas
phase, it exists both as a linear monomer and a bridged dlmer.
(I) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the electronic structure of the ;
monomer of beryllium chloride. Explain why beryllium chloride is
considered an electron deficient compound?
empty""",,
It has
two empty orbi tals at the
bonding levelf
not achieved octet.
(Ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the chemical bonding of the dimer
of beryllium chloride. Predict the bond angle of CIBe-CI.
(iii)
~ /
=-
""""
--
D,,,,,
I Bond angle of CI-6e-CI = 120'
Both beryllium and magnesium are group 2 elements. Beryllium chloride,
BeCl
u
melts at 405C and boils at 520 C whereas magnesium chloride,
714 C and 141rC respectivel y. Comment and explain on the data.
Substance Comments Explanation
MgCI, mp and bp much higher Ionic cpd
strong ionic bond holding the ions
BeCI, mp and bp much lower Covalent cpd
weak IMF holding the molecules
(2)
(2)
[2]
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 2
Name:
dass:
2 a. Bromoethane reacts with potassium cyanide in a solution of ethanol and
water. The rate of this reaction was studied and the results are recorded
In the tabl b I e eow.
Experiment (CN']
(C, H. Br] Initial rate
(moldm" ) (mol dm:') (mol dm,3,' )
1 0,060 0,020 1,0 x 10"
2 0,060 0,040 2,Ox 10"
3 0,120 0,020 2,Ox 10'
I} Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
ii ) Deduce the rate equation
Rate : k [e, H. Br] ' (eN' ]'
wu -[Q...Q2!! )'-
Expt 3 - 0,120 - 2,0 x 10"
: (l!.Qlll ': 1,Ox l0"
Expt 2 0,040 ) 2,0 x 10"
y : 1
So,
x=l Rat. : k (C, H. Br] (eN' ]
ii) Suggest a possible reaction mechanism for the reaction.
1) ]
[ ,B. J' fast
2J :'CN ..
Transition states
"'activated compounds"
H
I
H,C-C-CN + fk-
I
H
2 b. l acti c acid, C3H603, is a weak organic acid present in both sour milk and
buttermilk. It is also a product of carbohydrate metabolism and is found in
the blood after vi gorous muscular activity. Solution 5 is prepared by
dissolving 1.00 mol of lactic acid, Hl, and 1.00 mol of sodium lactate, Nal,
i n enough water to form 550 em
3
of solution. The pH of solution 5 i s 3.85.
i) What unique property does solution 5 has?
Resist pH change when a small amount of acid or base is added to it,
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL
[I]
[2]
[2]
[I]
Page 3
Name:
il) Calculate the H' concentration of solution S.
pH --lg(Hl
3_85 = -lg(Hl
(H' ) =1.41 x 10
4
mol dm-'
iii) Determine the Ka of lactic acid,
pH = pKa -lg(acld)/(sall)
since (acid) = (sail)
pH = pKa = -Ig Ka
3.85 = -Ig Ka
Ka =1.41 x 10" mol dm,l
Class:
Iv) If a few drops of 0,1 moldm') hydrochloric acid is added, the pH change in
solution 5 is very small. Give explanation to this observation,
The conjugate base of lactic acid, L', combines with the added H
6
,
and removes practlcally"all of them
3 a. Refer to the data below for questions 3a(i) - (ii)
(I) H, O, +2H'+2. = 2H, O
(II) H, O, + 2. = 2 OH' ",= 0.88 V
(III) MnO. + 8 H- + 5 = Mn" + 4 H, O '" = 1.491 V
(IV) MnO' + 2 H, O + 3 e' = Mno, + 4 OH- ... =O.S88 V
Ii) Identify the strongest oxidizing agent and the strongest reducing agent.
Write an equation for the reaction between the two of them.
Strongest oxidisi ng agent: H10lin acid
Strongest reducing agent: MnOlln alkali
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL
[I)
[2)
[I)
[3)
Page 4
Name: Oass:
(II) You wish to build an electrochemical cell that will produce the highest
possible electromotive fore (e.m.f.', tn the space provided, draw a fully
labelled diagram to show the cell that you will set up, Calculate the e.m.f, of
this cell .
b.
Platinum
H, O, lM
H, SO. O.5M
Predict T.
Around 300 c
Plati num
Mn04' 1M
OH' lM
...... _MnO'
ii) Explain the trend in decomposition by heat for Group 2 carbonates.
Going down the group, as the size of the cation increases,
charge density and polarising power decreases
[4]
(1)
(2)
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 5
Name: Cl ass:
4. p-ionone occurs in oil of violets and is used as a fragrance. Its structure is:
CH, CH,
" /
C CH,
/ " I
CH, C-CH: CH -C: 0
I I
CH, C
" / '\.
CH, CH,
a. State the type of isomerism you expect p-ionone to exhibit?
Geometric/cis- trans-
b. Write the structural formula(e,-ofthe product(s) formed when
reacts with
I} Bromine in eCI"
CH, CH,
CH,
" /
/ C " er
/
C- CHBr -CHBr C:O
I
CH,
I I
CHZ / c , er
CH, CH,
if) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
CH,
I
CH, C-CH : CH - C:
I I
CH, C
" / '\.
CH, CH,
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL
NH


[I J
[2J
[lJ
Page 6
Name: Oass:
iii) lithium aluminum hydri de (lIAIH,, ) in ether
CH, CH,
" /
C CH,
/
"- I
CH, C-CH = CH - CHOH
I I
CH, C
"-
/ "-
CH, CH,
c. Name the type of reaction in
i) 4b( i)
Electrophilic addition
ii ) 4b(ii)
Condensation
d. Triodomethane (iodoform) test is carried out on fHonone.
I) Describe how you would perform the test.
Add Iodine solution In aqueous sodium hydroxide
Warm/heat
ii) You expect to see positive result in this test. Give a reason.
Presence of R structure
I
CH, - C = 0
2009 STPM CHEMiSTRY TRiAL
[IJ
[2]
[2]
(lJ
Page 7
Name: Class:
SECTION B [ANSWER]
S a C, H, O could be CH,CH,CH, OH / CH)CH(OH)CH,f HsC,- 0 - CH,
Mass spectrum m/e 17 is characteristic of presence of group/alcohol
Negative iodoform test means absence of CH1CH(OH) structure
P is CH, CH, CH, OH/l-propanol
Ideal gas:
pV = nRT ie" p = p(RT/M, )
pIp = constant
COz:
At moderately high pressure, attracti on between molecules exists
Gas volume Is smaller than expected
p is higher than i deal case
At high pressure, repulsion between molecules occurs and volume of gas
particles not negligible.
Gas volume Is bigger than expected
and p Is lower than i deal case
c Planar and 120 C bond angles indicate both C and N atoms undergo spz
hybridisation
C(ground state): 15
2
2s2 2p/ 2p,/ 2pzO
C(excited state}: 1$2 2S12Px! 2Pyl 2p/

sp'
O(ground state) : 15
2
2S2 2P..z 2p/ 2p/ and H(ground state): 151
C, N, 0 and H atoms combine and delocali zation of 2pz electrons of neigbouring
atoms happens as shown
2pz 2pz or
a 2 + 20H"(aq)7 Mg(OHh(s)
NH, (aq) + H, O = NH.' (aq) + OH"(aq)
NH
4
0 solution causes Increase In [NH
4
1
Equilibrium shifts LEFT and {OH'1 decreases
[Mg' J[ OH"]' < Ksp
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 12
Name: Class:
b The enthalpy change when 1.m.2l.t of octane is formed from ~
hydrogen elements under standard conditions.
IAI C(s) + O, (g) ~ CO, (g) -393 kJ mar'
1'1 H, (g) +)\ O, (g) ~ H, O (I) -285.63 kJ mar'
IQ C, HII(I) + 25/2 O,(g) ~ 8CO,(g) + 9 H, O (I) -5512 kJ mar'
8(A) + 9(8) - (C) :
8C(s) + 9H, (g) ~ C, HII(I) 6H',
6H', = 8(-393) + 9(-285.6) - (-5512)
= - 202.4 kJ mor
l
c Energy / kJ mor
l
Bb IF) C! (gl
I -349
1 Rb' (s) + cr (s)
i
+122
Rb' (g) + )\ CI,(g)
r +403
I Rb (g) + )\ CI,(g)
+81
Rb (s) + ].I CI,(g)
1-
435
RbO(s)
6H' " = -435 - 81-403 -122 + 349
= - 692 kJ mor
l
u smaller size
Stronger attraction/bonding
a i) Ionisation energy Increases
Data from data booklet
atomic size decreases
Effective nuclear charge increases /
I
Labeled y-axis and
Energy levels = 1
All 6 steps correct = 2
Some steps (u(, at = 1
nuclear charge increases but screening effect remains almost constant.
II) From basic to amphoteric to acidic
Nal O and MID are Ionic oxides
AhDJ Ionic with covalent character
SiOz, P.0
10
510
1
and SIDJ are covalent oxides
Equations (each type at least one)
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 13
Name:
b i) Let x be solubilitiy In mol dm
ol
BaF, (5) Ba' (aq) 2. (aq)
x x 2x
Ksp ' [sa' 1[ .)'
x(2)<)' 1.7 x 10"
x = 7,S X 10" mol dm,l
BaSO, (5) Ba' (aq) . SO.'"(aq)
x x
Ksp ' [Ba'1[ 50.'1
Xl = 1,0 X 10.
10
X = 1.0 x 10'
s
mol dm
l
b II) Barium fluoride Is more soluble.
dH
wHu1ion
= -lattice energy iAHl'lydr<lIion
size of r is much smaller
both LE anceaHhydrttion lncreases
AI::!m,."'h' increase more
dH1OIuI1on becomes more exotermic
Cl ass:
a i) An ion which is made up of a central metal jon bonded through ~
.b:2.n..dl to 2 or more ligands.
ii) Oiamminedichloroplatinum(lI)
Tetraamminebromochloroplatinum(IV)
ill)
H, N a
"'/
Pt
CI / "' NH,
Br
H, N", I / NH,
Pt
H, N/ I '" NH,
a
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 14
Name:
Co N CI : H
= : Zl!.l!!L : 2.22
58.9 14.0 35.5 1.0
= 0.3993 : 2.0 : 1.1980 : 5.95
: 5 : 3 : 15
Formula of H: Co CI , (NH,). / x = 3 and V = 5
Ag (aq) + CI' (aq) AgCl (.)
CI' " AgCI
12.52 g H - -- 14.35/143.5 mole AgCl
Class:
250.4 g H (1 mole) ---- (250.4/12.52)(14.35/143.5) = 2 mole
1 mole H has 2 moles free chloride ions
structural formula of H I. (Co CI (NH,).]'. 2 c,/ (Co CI (NH,). ]C,
H Is coloured.
Co' : (Ar]3d'
3d orbital. are
Under the influence of lipnds, the 3d orbitals are split into 2 groups
d-d transition happens
a W: 2-chloropropan-l-ol
II
CH, - f-CH, OH
CI
X:
It
CH,- C-COOH
b
V:
Z:
f
OOH
COOH
It
CH, - f - COO-+ 41, + 60H' CHI, + -OOC-(OO-+ 51' + 5H,0
OH
Y
-OOC-COO' + 2H"
2009 5TPM CHEMI5TRV TRIAL Page 15
Name:
COOH
Z
~ ~
dass:
CH,- f - COOH + ZOW 7 CH,- F - coo + C' + H, O
C OH
Y
~ Ii
CH,- f-CH,OH+Z[O) 7 CH,- F-COOH + H, O
a a
w x
I) Mechanism
1) CHJCHzBr+AIBrJ 7 AIBr4 +CH1CHz
Z) ~ + CH, CH,' 7 ~ :H' CH'
3) AIBr4' + H 7 AIBrJ + HBr
rAr' CH, CH,
7 g +H'
b ii)
Temperature! c
1,1
labeled alCes = 1
labeled curves = 1
100 60 0% Ethylbenzene
1. The liquid mixture of composition C
1
~ . The vapour given off ascends
the column and condenses Into liqyl d with composit ion e
z
.
2.liquld of composition Cz boils at Tl' The vapour given off ascends the column
and condenses into liquid with composition C
l
.
3. The process repeats and the mole fraction (" ) of benzene Increases going up
the column. Eventually, pure benzene distills over itS the first dlstlilate.
4. As more and more benzene distills over the liquid remaini ng in the fla sk gets
richer In ethyl benzene.
S. Eventually, only pure ethylbenzene is left In it and will be distilled over at its
boiling point
10 a i) Add a few drops of water to each sample.
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL Page 16
Name:
Only ethanoyl chloride produces white fumes.
CH, COa + H, O 7 CH, COOH + HCI (White fumes)
dass:
ii) Add NalC03 (or NaHC0
3
) to sample and deliver gas produced into lime water.
Only f 3H1 has effervescence and gas produced turns lime water milky.
~ C O O H
~ C O O H + Na, CO, 7
b i)
CH, COCI
anhydrous Aiel,
Conc. HNO, and
Conc. H
1
S0
4
@
~ H '
lQ\o,
ii)
a
CH
'
0
CH
' MBCI
iii)
o
Room temperature
Sn
Cone. HO
a,
sunlight
1. CH, CHO
2. Dilute Hd
Cone. KMn04
Warm
Nylon-4,S
2009 STPM CHEMISTRY TRIAL
NH,
Scheme = 1
Reagents = 1
COnditions = 1
o CH' CI _ _ M..:g:.i_"_e_t_h_e ... :
HOOqCH, hcOOH
Scheme = 1
Reagents = 1
COnditions = 1
Scheme = 1
Reagents = 1
Conditions = 1
Page 17