AppllcaLlon of 8adlolmmunoassay (8lA) for Lhe ueLermlnaLlon of 8esldues of Anabollc Sex Pormones

AppIication of radioimmunoassay to monitor treatment of human

cerebraI gIiomas with bIeomycin entrapped within Iiposomes.

ALlCA1lCn Cl 8AulClMMunCASSA? ln lM8CvlnC 1PL 8L8CuuC1lvL MAnACLMLn1 Cl
SMALLPCLuL8 uAl8? CA11LL

CuanLlLaLlve deLermlnaLlon of lnsullnllke CrowLh lacLor 8lndlng roLeln3 (lCl83)
+ Measures growLh hormone (CP) dependenL lCl83 for evaluaLlng growLh dlsorders


8AulClMMunCASSA? Anu 8LLA1Lu 1LCPnlCuLS 1C lM8CvL A81lllClAL lnSLMlnA1lCn
8CC8AMMLS lC8 CA11LL 8LA8Lu unuL8 18ClCAL Anu Su818ClCAL CCnul1lCn

W screenlng donaLed blood for evldence of vlral conLamlnaLlon by
nIV1 and nIV2 (presence of anLlPlv anLlbodles)
at|t|s C (presence of anLlbodles)
at|t|s 8 (LesLlng for boLh anLlbodles and a vlral anLlgen)
W dtnt|ng a||gns ln food and house dusL
W asu|ng rheumaLold facLors and oLher auLoanLlbodles ln auLolmmune dlseases llke lupus
eryLhemaLosus
W asu|ng tox|ns ln conLamlnaLed food
W dtnt|ng ||||n|t dugs eg
cocalne
oplaLes
9LeLrahydrocannablnol Lhe acLlve lngredlenL ln marl[uana

W measurlng hormone levels
nCG (as a LesL for pregnancy)
n (deLermlnlng Lhe Llme of ovulaLlon)
@n @ and @ (for Lhyrold funcLlon)
oons (eg anabollc sLerolds PCP) LhaL may have been used llllclLly by aLhleLes
W deLecLlng lnfecLlons
sxua||ytans|ttd agnts llke Plv syphllls and chlamydla
at|t|s 8 and C
1oxoplasma gondll









#adioimmunoassay (RA) is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations
of antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) by use of antibodies. As such, it can be seen as
the inverse of a radiobinding assay, which quantifies an antibody by use of corresponding antigens.
Although the RA technique is extremely sensitive and extremely specific, requiring specialized
equipment, it remains the least expensive method to perform such tests. t requires special precautions
and licensing, since radioactive substances are used. Today it has been supplanted by
the ELSA method, where the antigen-antibody reaction is measured usingcolorimetric signals instead of
a radioactive signal. However, because of its robustness, consistent results and low price per test , RA
methods are again becoming popular. t is generally more simple to perform than a bioassay.
The RAST test (radioallergosorbent test) is an example of radioimmunoassay. t is used to detect the
causative allergen for an allergy.
[edit]Method
To perform a radioimmunoassay, a known quantity of an antigen is made radioactive, frequently by
labeling it with gamma-radioactiveisotopes of iodine attached to tyrosine. This radiolabeled antigen is
then mixed with a known amount of antibody for that antigen, and as a result, the two chemically bind to
one another. Then, a sample of serum from a patient containing an unknown quantity of that same
antigen is added. This causes the unlabeled (or "cold") antigen from the serum to compete with the
radiolabeled antigen ("hot") for antibody binding sites. As the concentration of "cold" antigen is increased,
more of it binds to the antibody, displacing the radiolabeled variant, and reducing the ratio of antibody-
bound radiolabeled antigen to free radiolabeled antigen. The bound antigens are then separated from the
unbound ones, and the radioactivity of the free antigen remaining in the supernatant is measured using
a gamma counter. Using known standards, a binding curve can then be generated which allows the
amount of antigen in the patient's serum to be derived.