Endocrine gland Pituitary gland

explanation Bean-sized Main endocrine gland

Function of hormone - controls the growth of muscles and bone - prepares the uterus for the implantation of zygote - stimulate the production of gamette - Controls the reabsorption of water from kidney -stimulate the growth of breast - stimulates milk production - stimulate production of hormones by thyroid gland -Stimulate the contraction of the uterine wall during childbirth - stimulate the control of salt content in blood - regulates the body's metabolism - stimulates growth - controls the growth rate - regulates body growth and mental development in children - reduces calcium content in blood -increase heartbeat -increase breathing rate -increase metabolic rate to overcome stress -stimulate the reabsorption of sodium ions from the kidneys into bloodstream -stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose -controls sugar level in the blood -insulin decreases blood sugar level by changing glucose into glycogen in the liver -glucagon increases blood sugar level by changing glycogen into glucose in the liver -stimulates development in female seconsary sexual characteristics -controls menstrual cycle -stimulate the uterus for the implantation of embryo -stimulates the development of the

Effect of excessive hormone -Excessive growth -Kidney absorbs a lot of water causing urine to be in a small quantity and concentrated

Effects of deficiency of hormone -Stunted growth -Less water is absorbed by the kidney causing urine to be in large quantity and diluted

Thyroid gland -- secretes thyroxine

-hormone secreted contains iodine - main source is iodine Hormone secreted during situations like fear, anger and anxiety

-metabolic rate becomes very high - emotion becomes very unstable, quicktempered and eyes protruded -the level of glucose and salt in the blood is high -high blood pressure

-metabolic rate very low -physical growth stunted -development in children's brain retarded -goitre -Ability to overcome pressure daily lessens -muscles become lessens

Adrenal gland -secretes adrenaline

Pancreas --secretes insulin and glucagon

Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete the hormones

Shortage of glucose in the blood

diabetes

Ovary --secretes oestrogen and progestrone

Ovary produces the female sex hormone

Extreme feminine characteristics

-infertility -menstrual interrupted -miscarriage -Development

cycle

of

Testis -secrete testosteron e

Testis produce the male sex hormone

milk gland -prevent contraction of the uterus in pregnant women -controls the maturity and development of male sex organs -productions of sperm -stimulate development of male secondary sexual characteristics

secondary sexual characteristics stunted -extreme masculine characteristics -sperms produced are immature -development of secondary sexual characteristics are stunted