Aim- To find the Load Flow Solution using GaussSeidel method

Theory In numerical linear algebra, the GaussSeidel method, also known as the Liebmann method or the
method of successive displacement, is an iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations. It
is named after the German mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauss and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel, and is
similar to the Jacobi method. Though it can be applied to any matrix with non-zero elements on the
diagonals, convergence is only guaranteed if the matrix is either diagonally dominant, or symmetric and
positive definite.

Description
Given a square system of n linear equations with unknown x:
where:
Then A can be decomposed into a lower triangular component L*, and a strictly upper
triangular component U:
The system of linear equations may be rewritten as:
The GaussSeidel method is an iterative technique that solves the left hand side of
this expression for x, using previous value for x on the right hand side. Analytically, this
may be written as:
However, by taking advantage of the triangular form of L*, the elements of x(k+1) can
be computed sequentially using forward substitution:
Note that the sum inside this computation of xi(k+1) requires each element in x(k)
except xi(k) itself.
The procedure is generally continued until the changes made by an iteration are below
some tolerance.
The element-wise formula for the GaussSeidel method is extremely similar to that of the Jacobi
method.
The computation of xi(k+1) uses only the elements of x(k+1) that have already been computed, and
only the elements of x(k) that have yet to be advanced to iteration k+1. This means that, unlike the
Jacobi method, only one storage vector is required as elements can be overwritten as they are
computed, which can be advantageous for very large problems.

However, unlike the Jacobi method, the computations for each element cannot be done in
parallel. Furthermore, the values at each iteration are dependent on the order of the original
equations

Algorithm
Inputs: A , b
Output:
Choose an initial guess (0) to the solution
repeat until convergence
for i from 1 until n do
for j from 1 until i-1 do
end (j-loop)
for j from i + 1 until n do
end (j-loop)
end (i-loop)
check if convergence is reached
end (repeat)
Gauss-Seidel is the same as SOR (successive over-relaxation) with = 1.

Figure shown is a part of American Electrc power service corporation networ which is
being made avilable to the electric utility industry as a standard test case for evaluating
various analytical method for computer programs for the soloution of power system
problem . use the if gauss program to obtain the power soloution of gauss seidel method.
Bus 1 is taken as a slack bus with its voltage adjusted to 1.06 angle 0. The data for voltage
control buses is -

Soloution by MatlabGeneration and loads are as given in the data prepared for use in the matlab enviroment in
the matrix defined as busdata. Code 0,code 1 and code 2 are used for the load buses,the
slack bus and the voltage-controlled buses respectively. Values for basemva,accuracy,accel
and maxiter must be specified, Line data are As given in the matrix called linedata. The
last colomn of this data must bo contain 1 for lines,or the tap setting values for
transformers with off nominal turn ratio, The control commands required are IF y bus,
Ifgauss and lineflow. A diary command may be used to save the output to the specified file
name.The power flow data and commands required as follows.

%
IEEE 30-BUS TEST
%
Bus Bus Voltage
Mar
%
No code Mag.
busdata=[1
1
1.06
2
2
1.043
3
0
1.0
4
0
1.06
5
2
1.01
6
0
1.0
7
0
1.0
8
2
1.01
9
0
1.0
10
0
1.0
11
2
1.082
12
0
1.0
13
2
1.071
14
0
1
15
0
1
16
0
1
17
0
1
18
0
1
19
0
1
20
0
1
21
0
1
22
0
1
23
0
1
24
0
1
25
0
1
26
0
1
27
0
1
28
0
1
29
0
1
30
0
1
%Line code
%
Bus bus
%
nl nr
linedata=[1
2
1
3
2
4
3
4
2
5
2
6
4
6
5
7
6
7
6
8
6
9
6 10
9 11
9 10
4 12
12 13
12 14
12 15
12 16

SYSTEM (American Electric Power)

Angle
---Load---- -------Generator----- Static
Degree MW
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.70
0.0
2.4
0.0
7.6
0.0
94.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.8
0.0
30.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
0
11.2
0
0
0
6.2
0
8.2
0
3.5
0
9.0
0
3.2
0
9.5
0
2.2
0
17.5
0
0
0
3.2
0
8.7
0
0
0
3.5
0
0
0
0
0
2.4
0
10.6

Mvar
0.0
12.7
1.2
1.6
19.0
0.0
10.9
30.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
1.6
2.5
1.8
5.8
0.9
3.4
0.7
11.2
0.0
1.6
6.7
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.9

MW Mvar Qmin Qmax

0.0 0.0
0
0
40.0 0.0 -40 50
0.0 0.0
0
0
0.0 0.0
0
0
0.0 0.0 -40 40
0.0 0.0
0
0
0.0 0.0
0
0
0.0 0.0 -30 40
0.0 0.0
0
0
0.0 0.0 -6 24
0.0 0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-6 24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

+Qc/-Ql
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.3
0
0
0
0
0
0];

R
X
1/2 B
= 1 for lines
p.u.
p.u.
p.u.
> 1 or < 1 tr. tap at bus nl
0.0192
0.0575
0.02640
1
0.0452
0.1852
0.02040
1
0.0570
0.1737
0.01840
1
0.0132
0.0379
0.00420
1
0.0472
0.1983
0.02090
1
0.0581
0.1763
0.01870
1
0.0119
0.0414
0.00450
1
0.0460
0.1160
0.01020
1
0.0267
0.0820
0.00850
1
0.0120
0.0420
0.00450
1
0.0
0.2080
0.0
0.978
0
.5560
0
0.969
0
.2080
0
1
0
.1100
0
1
0
.2560
0
0.932
0
.1400
0
1
.1231
.2559
0
1
.0662
.1304
0
1
.0945
.1987
0
1

14
16
15
18
19
10
10
10
10
21
15
22
23
24
25
25
28
27
27
29
8
6

15
17
18
19
20
20
17
21
22
22
23
24
24
25
26
27
27
29
30
30
28
28

lfybus
lfgauss
busout
lineflow

.2210
.0824
.1073
.0639
.0340
.0936
.0324
.0348
.0727
.0116
.1000
.1150
.1320
.1885
.2544
.1093
0
.2198
.3202
.2399
.0636
.0169

.1997
.1923
.2185
.1292
.0680
.2090
.0845
.0749
.1499
.0236
.2020
.1790
.2700
.3292
.3800
.2087
.3960
.4153
.6027
.4533
.2000
.0599

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0.968
0
1
0
1
0
1
0.0214
1
0.065
1];

% form the bus admittance

% Load flow solution by Gauss-Seidel
% Prints the power flow solution on the
% Computes and displays the line flow and

matrix
method
screen
loss

The Ifgauss ,busout and lineflow produce the following tabulated results
Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel Method
Maximum Power Mismatch = 0.000951884
No. of Iterations = 34
Bus
No.

Voltage
Mag.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

1.060
1.043
1.022
1.013
1.010
1.012
1.003
1.010
1.051
1.044
1.082
1.057
1.071
1.043
1.038
1.045

Angle
Degree
0.000
-5.496
-8.002
-9.659
-14.380
-11.396
-13.149
-12.114
-14.432
-16.024
-14.432
-15.301
-15.300
-16.190
-16.276
-15.879

------Load-----MW
Mvar
0.000
21.700
2.400
7.600
94.200
0.000
22.800
30.000
0.000
5.800
0.000
11.200
0.000
6.200
8.200
3.500

0.000
12.700
1.200
1.600
19.000
0.000
10.900
30.000
0.000
2.000
0.000
7.500
0.000
1.600
2.500
1.800

---Generation--MW
Mvar
260.950
40.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

-17.010
48.826
0.000
0.000
35.995
0.000
0.000
30.759
0.000
0.000
16.113
0.000
10.406
0.000
0.000
0.000

Injected
Mvar
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
19.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

1.039
1.028
1.025
1.029
1.032
1.033
1.027
1.022
1.019
1.001
1.026
1.011
1.006
0.994

-16.187
-16.881
-17.049
-16.851
-16.468
-16.455
-16.660
-16.829
-16.423
-16.835
-15.913
-12.056
-17.133
-18.016

Total

9.000
3.200
9.500
2.200
17.500
0.000
3.200
8.700
0.000
3.500
0.000
0.000
2.400
10.600

5.800
0.900
3.400
0.700
11.200
0.000
1.600
6.700
0.000
2.300
0.000
0.000
0.900
1.900

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
4.300
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

283.400

126.200

300.950

125.089

23.300

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Line Flow and Losses%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

--Line-- Power at bus & line flow
--Line loss-- Transformer
from to
MW
Mvar
MVA
MW
Mvar
tap
1
260.950 -17.010 261.504
2 177.743 -22.140 179.117
5.461
10.517
3
83.197
5.125
83.354
2.807
7.079
2

18.300
1 -172.282
4
45.702
5
82.990
6
61.905

36.126
32.657
2.720
1.704
-0.966

40.497
175.350
45.783
83.008
61.913

5.461
1.106
2.995
2.047

10.517
-0.519
8.178
2.263

1
4

-2.400
-80.390
78.034

-1.200
1.954
-3.087

2.683
80.414
78.095

2.807
0.771

7.079
1.345

2
3
6
12

-7.600
-44.596
-77.263
70.132
44.131

-1.600
-3.239
4.432
-17.624
14.627

7.767
44.713
77.390
72.313
46.492

1.106
0.771
0.605
0.000

-0.519
1.345
1.181
4.686

2
7

-94.200
-79.995
-14.210

16.995
6.474
10.467

95.721
80.256
17.649

2.995
0.151

8.178
-1.687

2
4
7
8
9
10
28

0.000
-59.858
-69.527
37.537
29.534
27.687
15.828
18.840

0.000
3.229
18.805
-1.915
-3.712
-7.318
0.656
-9.575

0.000
59.945
72.026
37.586
29.766
28.638
15.842
21.134

2.047
0.605
0.368
0.103
0.000
-0.000
0.060

2.263
1.181
-0.598
-0.558
1.593
1.279
-13.085

-22.800

-10.900

25.272

0.932

0.978
0.969

5
6

14.361
-37.170

-12.154
1.317

18.814
37.193

0.151
0.368

-1.687
-0.598

6
28

-30.000
-29.431
-0.570

0.759
3.154
-2.366

30.010
29.599
2.433

0.103
0.000

-0.558
-4.368

6
11
10

0.000
-27.687
0.003
27.731

0.000
8.911
-15.653
6.747

0.000
29.086
15.653
28.540

0.000
0.000
-0.000

1.593
0.461
0.811

6
9
20
17
21
22

-5.800
-15.828
-27.731
9.018
5.347
15.723
7.582

17.000
0.623
-5.936
3.569
4.393
9.846
4.487

17.962
15.840
28.359
9.698
6.920
18.551
8.811

-0.000
-0.000
0.081
0.014
0.110
0.052

1.279
0.811
0.180
0.037
0.236
0.107

0.000
-0.003

16.113
16.114

16.113
16.114

0.000

0.461

4
13
14
15
16

-11.200
-44.131
-0.021
7.852
17.852
7.206

-7.500
-9.941
-10.274
2.428
6.968
3.370

13.479
45.237
10.274
8.219
19.164
7.955

0.000
0.000
0.074
0.217
0.053

4.686
0.132
0.155
0.428
0.112

12

0.000
0.021

10.406
10.406

10.406
10.406

0.000

0.132

12
15

-6.200
-7.778
1.592

-1.600
-2.273
0.708

6.403
8.103
1.742

0.074
0.006

0.155
0.006

12
14
18
23

-8.200
-17.634
-1.586
6.009
5.004

-2.500
-6.540
-0.702
1.741
2.963

8.573
18.808
1.734
6.256
5.815

0.217
0.006
0.039
0.031

0.428
0.006
0.079
0.063

12
17

-3.500
-7.152
3.658

-1.800
-3.257
1.440

3.936
7.859
3.931

0.053
0.012

0.112
0.027

-9.000
-3.646
-5.332
-3.200
-5.970
2.779

-5.800
-1.413
-4.355
-0.900
-1.661
0.787

10.707
3.910
6.885
3.324
6.197
2.888

0.012
0.014

0.027
0.037

0.039
0.005

0.079
0.010

-9.500

-3.400

10.090

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
16
10
18
15
19
19

18
20

-2.774
-6.703

-0.777
-2.675

2.881
7.217

0.005
0.017

0.010
0.034

19
10

-2.200
6.720
-8.937

-0.700
2.709
-3.389

2.309
7.245
9.558

0.017
0.081

0.034
0.180

10
22

-17.500
-15.613
-1.849

-11.200
-9.609
-1.627

20.777
18.333
2.463

0.110
0.001

0.236
0.001

10
21
24

0.000
-7.531
1.850
5.643

0.000
-4.380
1.628
2.795

0.000
8.712
2.464
6.297

0.052
0.001
0.043

0.107
0.001
0.067

15
24

-3.200
-4.972
1.771

-1.600
-2.900
1.282

3.578
5.756
2.186

0.031
0.006

0.063
0.012

22
23
25

-8.700
-5.601
-1.765
-1.322

-2.400
-2.728
-1.270
1.604

9.025
6.230
2.174
2.079

0.043
0.006
0.008

0.067
0.012
0.014

24
26
27

0.000
1.330
3.520
-4.866

0.000
-1.590
2.372
-0.786

0.000
2.073
4.244
4.929

0.008
0.044
0.026

0.014
0.066
0.049

25

-3.500
-3.476

-2.300
-2.306

4.188
4.171

0.044

0.066

25
28
29
30

0.000
4.892
-18.192
6.178
7.093

0.000
0.835
-4.152
1.675
1.663

0.000
4.963
18.660
6.401
7.286

0.026
-0.000
0.086
0.162

0.049
1.310
0.162
0.304

27
8
6

0.000
18.192
0.570
-18.780

0.000
5.463
-2.003
-3.510

0.000
18.994
2.082
19.106

-0.000
0.000
0.060

1.310
-4.368
-13.085

27
30

-2.400
-6.093
3.716

-0.900
-1.513
0.601

2.563
6.278
3.764

0.086
0.034

0.162
0.063

27
29

-10.600
-6.932
-3.683

-1.900
-1.359
-0.537

10.769
7.064
3.722

0.162
0.034

0.304
0.063

17.594

22.233

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Total loss

0.968

10

11