Create/Modify Contact

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Dialog box - F1 help > A - D > Create/Modify Contact

Create/Modify Contact
Build -> Forces -> Contact Force Tool

Creates or modifies a contact force between two geometries. Learn About Contact Forces. For solids and curves, you can select more than one geometry as long as the geometry belongs to the same part. The first geometry is called the I geometry and the second geometry is called the J geometry. For sphere-tosphere contacts, you can specify that the contact be inside or outside the sphere. Learn more about Contacts. For the option:

Do the following:

Tips on Entering Object Names in Text Boxes. If you type a geometry object name directly in the text box, you must press Enter to register the value. Contact Name Contact Type Enter the name of the contact to create or modify. Set to the type of geometry to come into contact. The text boxes change depending on the type of contact force you selected.

If you selected Solid to Solid, Adams/View displays the following two options: I Solid J Solid Enter one or more geometry solids. The solids must all belong to the same part. Enter one or more geometry solids. The solids must all belong to the same part.

If you selected Curve to Curve, Adams/View displays the following four options: I Curve I Direction(s) Enter one or more geometry curves. The curves must all belong to the same part. Select the geometry on which you want to change the direction of the force, and then select the Change Direction tool J Curve J Direction(s) .

Enter one or more geometry curves. The curves must all belong to the same part. Select the geometry on which you want to change the direction of the force, and then select the Change Direction tool .

If you selected Point to Curve, Adams/View displays the following two options: Marker Curve Direction(s) Enter a marker. Enter one or more curves. Select the geometry on which you want to change the direction of the force, and then select the Change Direction tool .

If you selected Point to Plane, Adams/View displays the following two options: Marker Plane Enter a marker. Enter a plane.

If you selected Curve to Plane, Adams/View displays the following two options: Curve Direction(s) Enter one or more curves. Select the geometry on which you want to change the direction of the force, and then select the Change Direction tool Plane Enter a plane. .

If you selected Sphere to Plane, Adams/View displays the following two options:

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Sphere

Enter a sphere. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool .

Direction(s)

Select the geometry on which you want to change the direction of the force, and then select the Change Direction tool .

Plane

Enter a plane.

If you selected Sphere to Sphere, Adams/View displays the following two options: Sphere Enter a sphere. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool . Sphere Enter a sphere. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool . If you selected Flex Body to Solid, Adams/View displays the following two options: I Flexible Body J Solid Select a Flexible Body. Select a Geometry Solid.

If you selected Flex Body to Flex Body, Adams/View displays the following two options: I Flexible Body J Flexible Body Select a Flexible Body. Select a Flexible Body.

If you selected Flex Edge to Curve, Adams/View displays the following three options: I Flexible Body Select a Flexible Body. To reset the Edge, select the Reset The Edge tool I Flex Edge Select a Flex Edge on I Flexible Body. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool J Curve Select a Curve. Multiple curves are not allowed. . .

If you selected Flex Edge to Flex Edge, Adams/View displays the following four options: I Flexible Body Select a Flexible Body. To reset the Edge, select the Reset The Edge tool I Flex Edge Select a Flex Edge on I Flexible Body. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool J Flexible Body Select a Flexible Body. To reset the Edge, select the Reset The Edge tool J Flex Edge Select a Flex Edge on J Flexible Body . . . .

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To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool If you selected Flex Edge to Plane, Adams/View displays the following three options: I Flexible Body Select a Flexible Body. To reset the Edge, select the Reset The Edge tool I Flex Edge Select a Flex Edge on I Flexible Body. To change the direction of the force, select the Change Direction tool Plane Select a Plane. Multiple Planes are not allowed. .

The following options apply to all types of geometry: Force Select to turn on the force display of both normal and friction forces, and select a color for Display/Color the force display. Note: If you are using an External Adams/Solver, you must set the output files to XML to view the force display. See Solver Settings - Output dialog box help. Normal Force Select either:

Restitution - To define the normal force as restitution-based. This option is not available with Flex Body to Solid and Flex Body to Flex Body type of contacts. Impact - To define the normal force based on an impact using the IMPACT function. User Defined - To define the force based on a User-written subroutine.

Learn about the types of Contact Force Algorithms and also see Learning More about the Contact Detection Algorithm. If you selected Restitution for Normal Force, define the following two options: Penalty Enter a penalty value to define the local stiffness properties between the contacting material. A large penalty value ensures that the penetration of one geometry into another will be small. Large values, however, will cause numerical integration difficulties. A value of 1E6 is appropriate for systems modeled in Kg-mm-sec. For more information on how to specify this value, see the Extended Definition for the CONTACT statement in the Adams/Solver online help. Enter the coefficient of restitution, which models the energy loss during contact.

Restitution Coefficient

A value of zero specifies a perfectly plastic contact between the two colliding bodies. A value of one specifies a perfectly elastic contact. There is no energy loss.

The coefficient of restitution is a function of the two materials that are coming into contact. For information on material types versus commonly used values of the coefficient of restitution, see the table for the CONTACT statement in the Adams/Solver online help. If you selected Impact for Normal Force, define the following four options: Stiffness Enter a material stiffness that is to be used to calculate the normal force for the impact model. In general, the higher the stiffness, the more rigid or hard the bodies in contact are. Note: When changing the length units in Adams/View, stiffnesses in contacts are scaled by (length conversion factor**exponent). When changing the force unit, stiffness is only scaled by the force conversion factor. Adams/Solver models normal force as a nonlinear springdamper. If the damping penetration, below, is the instantaneous penetration between the contacting geometry,

Force Exponent

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Adams/Solver calculates the contribution of the material stiffness to the instantaneous normal forces as: STIFFNESS * (PENALTY)**EXPONENT For more information, see the IMPACT function in the Adams/Solver online help. Damping Penetration Depth Enter a value to define the damping properties of the contacting material. Consider a damping coefficient that is about one percent of the stiffness coefficient. Enter a value to define the penetration at which Adams/Solver turns on full damping. Adams/Solver uses a cubic STEP function to increase the damping coefficient from zero, at zero penetration, to full damping when the penetration reaches the damping penetration. A reasonable value for this parameter is 0.01 mm. For more information, see the IMPACT function in the Adams/Solver online help.

If you selected User Defined for Normal Force, define the following two options: User function Routine Specify the user parameters to be passed to a User-written subroutine CNFSUB. For more on user-written subroutines, see the Adams/Solver online help. Specify an alternative library and name for the user subroutine. Learn about ROUTINE Argument.

The following option is available for all choices: Augmented Lagrangian Select to refine the normal force between two sets of rigid geometries that are in contact. When you select Augmented Lagrangian, Adams/View uses iterative refinement to ensure that penetration between the geometries is minimal. It also ensures that the normal force magnitude is relatively insensitive to the penalty or stiffness used to model the local material compliance effects.

Note: Augmented Lagrangian is only available when defining a Restitutionbased contact.

Friction Force Select to model the friction effects at the contact locations using the Coulomb friction model, no friction, or as user-defined subroutine. The Coulomb friction model models dynamic friction but not stiction in contacts. For more on friction in contacts, see Contact Friction Force Calculation. In addition, read the information for the CONTACT statement in the Adams/Solver online help.

If you selected Coulomb for Friction Force, define the following four options: Coulomb Friction Specify whether the friction effects are to be included at run time:

On Off Dynamics Only

Static Coefficient

Specify the coefficient of friction at a contact point when the slip velocity is smaller than the value for Static Transition Vel. For information on material types versus commonly used values of the coefficient of static friction, see Material Contact Properties Table. Excessively large values of Static Coefficient can cause integration difficulties. Range: Static Coefficient 0 Specify the coefficient of friction at a contact point when the slip velocity is larger than the value for Friction Transition Vel. For information on material types versus commonly used values of the coefficientof the dynamic coefficient of friction, see Material Contact Properties Table. Excessively large values of Dynamic Coefficient can cause integration difficulties. Range: 0 Dynamic Coefficient Static Coefficient Enter the static transition velocity. The figure below shows how the coefficient of friction varies with slip velocity at a typical contact point.

Dynamic Coefficient

Static Transition Vel.

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In this simple model:

Static Transition Vel. (cont.)

In the figure:

Vs, the slip velocity at which the coefficient friction achieves a maximum value of , is denoted as STICTION_TRANSITION_VELOCITY.

is the coefficient of static friction. is the coefficient of dynamic friction.

For more on friction in contacts, see Contact Friction Force Calculation. In addition, read the information for the CONTACT statement in the Adams/Solver online help. Range: 0 < Static Transition Vel. Friction Transition Vel. Friction Transition Vel. Enter the friction transition velocity. Adams/Solver gradually transitions the coefficient of friction from the value for Static Coefficent to the value for Dynamic Coefficient as the slip velocity at the contact point increases. When the slip velocity is equal to the value specified for Friction Transition Vel., the effective coefficient of friction is set to Dynamic Coefficient. For more on friction in contacts, see Contact Friction Force Calculation. In addition, read the information for the CONTACT statement in the Adams/Solver online help.

Note: Small values for this option cause the integrator difficulties. You should specify this value as:
Friction Transition Vel. 5* ERROR

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where: ERROR is the integration error used for the solution. Its default value is 1E-3. Range: Friction Transition Vel. Static Transition Vel. > 0 If you selected User Defined for Friction Force, define the following two options: User function Routine Specify the user parameters to be passed to a user-written subroutine. For more on userwritten subroutines, see Adams/Solver online help. Enter the name of the function to call. The default is CNFSUB.

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