READING VALUE AND MEASURING THE VALUE OF RESISTOR A. Purpose 1.

Determining the value of resistance of a resistor by reading the resistor color ring 2. Using an ohmmeter to measure resistance of a resistor

B. Base of theory Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a highresistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. To use it, we need to know some things, such as the materials used, the resistance value, tolerance, and power dissipation behavior at high frequency. The most widely used material for making carbon resistors are superimposed on a ceramic. Other materials are also used to create, among others, metal film resistors and wire-wound. In this lab activity, we only restrict the use made of the carbon resistor whose value is fixed as shown in Figure 1 with watt power capability.
A B C D

Figure 1. Resistors form a ring of color that express the value of resistance

Carbon resistor color code painted on the resistor body to declare the value of resistance. Resistance value can be read using the formula:
R ( A)( B) x10 C

With A, B, and C respectively declared value of the color ring on the body of the resistor. Color code used is:

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Black Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Gray White

Color

Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

For example if A = Yellow, B = purple, and C = orange, so it means the resistor has a resistance 47 x 103 Ohm.

C. Tools and matter The tools and materials used in these experiments is a. 20 pieces of carbon resistors with color codes different b. Ohmmeter c. circuit board d. connecting cable

D. Step of experiment a. Prepare all tools and materials b. Series of resistors each resistor on the board sequentially. c. Read the resistance value of each resistor by its color code. d. Measuring the value of resistance at each resistor by using an ohmmeter. e. Noting the results of observation-based. f. Comparing the resistance values by reading the color codes and values based on the measurement of resistance with an ohmmeter. g. Analyzing data obtained from observations. h. Perform steps 2-5 for as many as 20 times.

E. Data of experiment No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Read Resistance ()

(68 10 1 ) (5%) (10 10 0 ) (5%) (82 10 1 ) (5%) (47 10 0 ) (5%) (56 10 3 ) (5%) (68 10 2 ) (5%) (33 10 2 ) (5%) (20 10 3 ) (5%) (30 10 2 ) (5%)

Measured Resistance ()

680
10.2 813 46.5 55.3 103 6700 3250 19.7 103 2940 118.8 1489 103 33 1785 277 103 5.5 105 5.2 21.8 103 11.78 103 6740 1466 103

(12 10 1 ) (5%)
(15 10 5 ) (5%) (33 10 0 ) (5%) (18 10 2 ) (5%) (27 10 4 ) (5%) (47 10 5 ) (5%) (41 10 1 ) (5%) (22 10 3 ) (5%) (13 10 3 ) (5%) (68 10 2 ) (5%) (15 10 5 ) (5%)

F. Data Analysis Techniques The data analysis technique used is to calculate the resistance value of resistor color code corresponding to the ring and then compare it with the resistor resistance value obtained from the experiment.

G. Data analysis Here is a resistance value resistor readings manually and use the ohmmeter: No 1 Read Resistance ()
(68 10 1 ) (5%)

Measured Resistance ()

680

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 1 1 of resistance resistor is 71.4 x 101 71.4 x 10 until 64.6 x 10 , so that the until 64.6 x 101

readings are conducted in accordance. 10.2

(10 10 0 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 0 0 of resistance resistor is 10.5 x 100 10.5 x 10 until 9,5 x 10 , so that the until 9,5 x 100

readings are conducted in accordance. 813

(82 10 1 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 1 1 of resistance resistor is 86.1 x 101 86.1 x 10 until 77.9 x 10 , so that the until 77.9 x 101

readings are conducted in accordance. 46.5

(47 10 0 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 0 0 of resistance resistor is 49.35 x 49.35 x 10 until 44.65 x 10 , so that the 100 until 44.65 x 100

readings are conducted in accordance. 55.3 103

(56 10 3 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 3 3 of resistance resistor is 58.8x 103 58.8x 10 until 53.2 x 10 , so that the until 53.2 x 103

readings are conducted in accordance. 6700

(68 10 2 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 71.4 x 102 71.4 x 10 until 64.6 x 10 , so that the until 64.6 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 3250

(33 10 2 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 34.65 x 34.65 x 10 until 31.35 x 10 , so that the 102 until 31.35 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance.

(20 10 3 ) (5%)

19.7 103

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 21 x 102 21 x 10 until 19 x 10 , so that the until 19 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 2940

(30 10 2 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 118.8

10

(12 10 1 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 1489 103

11

(15 10 5 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 33

12

(33 10 0 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 1785

13

(18 10 2 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 277 103

14

(27 10 4 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 5.5 105

15

(47 10 5 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance.

16

(41 10 1 ) (5%)

5.2

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 21.8 103

17

(22 10 3 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 11.78 103

18

(13 10 3 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 6740

19

(68 10 2 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance. 1466 103

20

(15 10 5 ) (5%)

with tolerance 5% then the span Results are measured precisely in the range 2 2 of resistance resistor is 36,5 x 102 36,5 x 10 until 28,5 x 10 , so that the until 28,5 x 102

readings are conducted in accordance.

H. Discussion In the table we see data analysis in the table above Rread value is within range (range) of the value Rmeasure, this means the value of the resistance R across the resistor is appropriate as shown by the codes listed on the color characteristics of these resistors, although there are some readings are not on the value range. This happens because of errors in determining the zero point. These errors occur since each will measure the resistance with the ohmmeter must be calibrated in accordance with the level of reading ability. For example starting from 10 ohm then 100 ohm. When moving the equipment to a value of 100 ohms, of course, there is little error in the laying ground zero. These errors affect the observations.

I. Conclusion 1. Barriers to a resistor can be calculated by reading the color code rings characteristic of the resistor. As for how to calculate the value of the resistance of a resistor color code ring is AB x 10C D%. Where : A. The first ring; B. The second ring; C. The third ring; D. The fourth ring

2. Calculating the value of resistance in addition to the color code, it can be done using the ohmmeter. Calculating resistance of a resistor using the ohmmeter is done by placing the legs of the resistors in the circuit board and pinned with wire ohmmeter and continued to read the digital numbers on the ohmmeter.