Introduction:

In general there are three kinds of water tankstanks resting on ground, underground tanks and elevated tanks. The tanks resting on ground like clear water reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. are supported on the ground directly. The walls of these tanks are subjected to pressure and the base is subjected to weight of water and pressure of soil. The tanks may be covered on top. From design point of view the tanks may be classified as per their shape rectangular tanks, circular tanks, intze type tanks, spherical tanks conical bottom tanks and suspended bottom tanks.Rectangular tanks are provided when small capacity tanks are required. For small capacities circular tanks prove uneconomical as the formwork for circular tanks is very costly. The rectangular tanks should be preferably square in plan from point of view of economy. It is desirable that longer side should not be greater than twice the smaller side. Concrete tanks have been used extensively in municipal and industrial facilities for several decades. The design of these structures requires that attention be given not only to strength requirements, but to serviceability requirements as well. A properly designed tank must be able to withstand the applied loads without cracks that would permit leakage. The goal of providing a structurally sound tank that will not leak is achieved by 1-Providing proper reinforcement and distribution 2-Proper spacing and detailing of construction joints 3-Use of quality concrete placed using proper construction procedures Reinforced concrete tanks have been used for water and wastewater storage and treatment for decades. Structural engineers are asked to design a variety of square, round, and oval reinforced concrete structures that may be above, below, or partially below ground. Design of reinforced concrete tanks requires attention not only to strength requirements, but also to crack control and durability. The challenge for the structural engineer is to design concrete liquid containing structures that will resist the
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extremes of seasonal temperature changes and a variety of loading conditions, and remain watertight. Design and construction of the Bear Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) Expansion located in Hampton, Georgia and the Commerce Georgia WWTP are used to illustrate code requirements, tank analysis, design details, and construction of liquid containing reinforced concrete tanks The design shall also take account of the following general requirements; Simple robust detailing has been found to be most effective A freeboard of 300mm shall be provided between the top of the overflow bellmouth and the top of the tank walls In designing the tank allow for it to be full of water to the top of the wall. The tank shall be roofed with multiple access hatches

An access platform shall be provided on top of the roof adjacent the access hatches. A sampling point accessible from ground level is to be integrated into the design in accordance with drawing 04-1605-01 from the SA Water Water Quality Monitoring Handbook The tank design shall be co-ordinated with the mechanical, hydraulic and electrical engineering design to ensure all necessary embedments and penetrations are properly designed and detailed. The excavation for the tank foundation shall be taken down to a minimum level of 150mm below the underside of the floor/footing or additionally until rock is encountered. Consideration shall be given by the designer to the effects of tank leakage upon the tank foundation material, base, footing and floor slab, particularly on sites with clay or collapsing soils.
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ABSTRACT
Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage. This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of liquid retaining structure (circular water tank with flexible and rigid base and