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1prEN 50443:201 09

1 2EUROPEAN

STANDARD 3NORME EUROPENNE 4EUROPISCHE NORM


5 7 8 9
6ICS 33.040.20; 33.100.01

prEN 50443
final draft- september 2010
English version

10 Effects of electromagnetic interference on pipelines caused by high 11 voltage a.c. electric traction systems and/or high voltage a.c. power 12 supply systems 13
Effets des perturbations electromagntiques sur les canalisations causes par les systmes de traction lectrique ferroviaire en courant alternatif et/ou par les rseaux lectriques H.T. en courant alternatif
14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Auswirkungen elektromagnetischer Beeinflussungen von Hochspannungswechselstrombahnen und/oder Hochspannungsanlagen auf Rohrleitungen

It has been drawn up by a JWG established between SC 9XC of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X and TC 210. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CENELEC in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

40

CENELEC

41 European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization 42 Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique 43 Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung 44 Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 45 46 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 ---------48 49 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. 50 51Project: 11656

Ref. No. prEN 50443:2010 E

52 53 54

prEN 50443:201 09

55 56

Foreword

57This draft European Standard was prepared by a JWG between SC 9XC, Electric supply and earthing 58systems for public transport equipment and ancillary apparatus (Fixed installations), of Technical 59Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic applications for railways and the Technical 60Committee CENELEC TC 210, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It is submitted to a second 61CENELEC enquiry.This draft European Standard was first prepared as an EMC directive HD by a JWG 62between SC 9XC, Electric supply and earthing systems for public transport equipment and ancillary 63apparatus (Fixed installations), of Technical Committee CENELEC TC 9X, Electrical and electronic 64applications for railways and the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 210, Electromagnetic compatibility 65(EMC). It was approved by SC9XC in a first enquiry but it was not approved by TC210 that claimed that 66the draft had not to be an EMC directive HD. 67A NWI proposal was then issued by SC9XC and the draft European Standard was amended and 68submitted to a second CENELEC enquiry as a non HD. 69
70

71This European Standard gives limits relevant to the electromagnetic interference produced by high voltage 72a.c. railway and power supply systems on metallic pipelines. 73Limits are relevant to the interference which can be tolerated on the metallic pipeline, by the equipment 74connected to it and by peoplepersons working on them or in contact with them.
75

76This European Standard indicates the electromagnetic interference situations to which the limits must be 77related.
78 79Suggestions concerning the interference situations to be examined are given in Annex A. Suggestions 80concerning the appropriate calculation methods are given in Annex B. Suggestions concerning the appropriate 81measurement methods are given in Annex C. Suggestions about the use of mitigation measures are given in 82Annex D. Suggestions for management of interference are given in Annex E. 83

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84
85

Contents

861 Scope............................................................................................................................................7 872 Normative references..................................................................................................................8 883 Definitions....................................................................................................................................8 893.1 90 a.c. railway systema.c. electric traction system (a.c. electric traction system 91 according to EN 50122-1)....................................................................................................8 923.2 93 a.c power supply system....................................................................................................8 943.3 95 a.c. power system................................................................................................................9 963.4 97 interfering system...............................................................................................................9 983.5 99 interfering system...............................................................................................................9 1003.6 101 interfered system.................................................................................................................9 1023.7 103 pipeline system....................................................................................................................9 1043.8 105 earth [IEC 60050-826-04-01]................................................................................................9 1063.9 107 operating condition.............................................................................................................9 1083.10 109 fault condition......................................................................................................................9 1103.11 111 conductive coupling..........................................................................................................10 1123.12 113 inductive coupling.............................................................................................................10 1143.13 115 capacitive coupling...........................................................................................................10 1163.14 117 interference........................................................................................................................10 1183.15 119 disturbance........................................................................................................................10 1203.16 121 damage...............................................................................................................................10 1223.17 123 danger................................................................................................................................10 1243.18 125 interference situation........................................................................................................10 1263.19 127 interference distance........................................................................................................11 128 interfering current........................................................................................................................11 1293.21 130 interference voltage..........................................................................................................11 131 prospective touch voltage [IEC 60050-195-05-09].....................................................................11 1323.23 133 prospective touch voltage................................................................................................11 1343.26 135 immunity [IEC 60050-161].................................................................................................11 1363.27 137 environmental reduction factor........................................................................................12 138 reduction factor............................................................................................................................12 1393.29 140 rural area............................................................................................................................12 1413.30 142 urban area..........................................................................................................................12 1434 Procedure ..................................................................................................................................12

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1445 Interference distance................................................................................................................12 145 5.1 Interference distance for normal operating conditions......................................................13 146 5.1.1 overhead a.c. power systems.............................................................................................13 147 5.1.2 underground a.c. power systems......................................................................................13 148 5.2 Interference distance for fault condition..............................................................................13 149 5.2.1 overhead a.c. power systems.............................................................................................13 150 5.2.2 underground a.c. power systems......................................................................................13 151 5.3 Summary of the interference distances...............................................................................13 1526 Parameters of the iInterference situations..............................................................................15 1537 Coupling types..........................................................................................................................15 1548 Interference effects...................................................................................................................16 1559 Interference results...................................................................................................................17 15610 Limits for permissible interference........................................................................................17 15710.1 General...................................................................................................................................17 15810.2 Limits related to electrical safety of peoplepersons..........................................................17 15910.2.1 General................................................................................................................................17 16010.2.2 Operating conditions.........................................................................................................18 16110.2.3 Fault conditions..................................................................................................................18 16210.3 Limits related to damage to the pipeline system................................................................18 16310.3.1 Fault conditions..................................................................................................................18 16410.3.2 Operating conditions.........................................................................................................19 16510.4 Limits related to disturbance of the pipeline system.........................................................20 16611 Evaluation of the interference results...................................................................................20 16712 Mitigation measures................................................................................................................20 168Annex A 169 (informative) 170 171 Indications to select Iinterference situations..................................................................21 172Annex B 173 (informative) 174 175 Guidance for interference investigationCalculation methodss.....................................22 176 B.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................22 177 B.2 Configuration of the a.c. railway systema.c. electric traction system..............................22 178 B.3 Configuration of the a.c. power supply system..................................................................24 179 B.4 Configuration of the pipeline................................................................................................24 180 B.5 Calculation methods..............................................................................................................26 181 B.6 Calculation of independent interfering systems.................................................................27 182Annex C 183 (informative) 184 185 Measuring methods...........................................................................................................28 186 C.1 General...................................................................................................................................28 187 C.2 Measurement methods for (prospective) touchinterference voltages at steady state....28 188Annex D 189 (informative) 190 191 Mitigation measures..........................................................................................................29 192 D.1 General...................................................................................................................................29 193 D.2 Mitigation measures at the pipeline side.............................................................................29 194 D.3 Mitigation measures at the a.c railway system side...........................................................30 195 D.4 Mitigation measures at the a.c. power supply system side...............................................30 196Annex E 197 (informative) 198 199 Management of interference.............................................................................................31

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200 201 202 203

E.1 General....................................................................................................................................31 E.2 Plant life..................................................................................................................................31 E.3 Exchange of information.......................................................................................................31 E.4 Plant documentation..............................................................................................................31

204Annex F 205 (informative) 206 207 Informative references......................................................................................................33 208

209

Tables

210Table 1 - Interference distances....................................................................................................14 211Table 1 - Interference distances....................................................................................................14 212Table 2 - Coupling types and distances to be considered..........................................................15 213Table 3 - Limits for interference voltage ......................................................................................18 214voltages measured versus earth 215 or across the joints (r.m.s. values) related to danger to (electrically) peopleinstructed 216 persons..............................................................................................................................18 217

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218

2191

Scope

220The presence of ac power supply systems or of ac railway systema.c. electric traction systems, (in this 221standarde following also indicated as a.c. power systems), may cause voltages to build up in pipeline 222systems, ,(in this standarde following indicated as interfered systems), running in the close vicinitiesy of 223the systems above, due to one or more of the following mechanisms:, i.e. to

224 inductive coupling, 225 conductive coupling, 226 capacitive coupling.


227

228Such voltages may cause danger to the people, damage to the pipeline or to the connected equipment, 229disturbance to the electric/electronic equipment connected to the pipelineSuch voltages may cause 230danger to persons, damage to pipelines or connected equipment or disturbance to the electrical/ 231electronic equipment connected to the pipeline. 232 233 234This European Standard deals with the situations where theseis effects may arise and with the maximum 235tolerable limits of the interference effects, taking into account the behaviour of the ac power systems 236both: in normal operating condition and/or during the faults.
237 238NOTE In the worst case, the pipe may not disperse current to ground. As a consequence, the prospective touch voltage coincides 239with the interference voltage.

240 241 242This European Standard applies to all metallic pipelines irrespective of the conveyed fluid, e.g. liquid or 243gas, liable to be influenced interfered by high voltage a.c. railway and high voltage a.c. power supply 244systems. 245 246The objective of this standard is to define the types of coupling which must be considered for operating 247conditions of the high voltage a.c. railway systems and high voltage a.c. power supply systems. It also 248defines the configurations to be considered for both

249 the metallic pipeline, 250 the high voltage a.c. railway systems or high voltage a.c. power systems 252 the procedure for evaluating the e.m. interference; 253 the interference distance to be considered; 254 the types of coupling to be considered for operating and fault conditions of the high voltage a.c. 256 the configurations to be considered for both metallic pipeline and high voltage a.c. electric traction 258 the limits of the voltages due to the electromagnetic interference; 259 information on interference situations, calculation methods, measuring methods, mitigation measures,
257 255 251and the limits to the voltage resulting from the coupling.The objective of this standard is to establish:

electric traction systems and high voltage a.c. power supply systems; systems or high voltage a.c. power systems;

260 management of interference. 261 262 263This European Standard is applicable to all new metallic pipelines and all new high voltage a.c. railway 264systema.c. electric traction systems and high voltage a.c. power supply systems and all major 265modifications that may change significantly the interference effect. 266 267This European Standard only relates to phenomena at the fundamental power frequency (e.g. 50 Hz or 26816,7 Hz). 269 270This European Standard does not apply to:

271 all aspects of corrosion, 272 the coupling from a.c. railway and power supply systems with nominal voltages less than or equal to 274 interference effects on the equipment through parts or apparatus not electrically connected to the
275 273

1 kV,

pipeline.

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276 277 278This European Standard does not deal with costs and cost-sharing of investigations and mitigation 279measures. 280

2812

Normative references

282The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 283references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 284document (including any amendments) applies. 286EN 14505: 2005, Cathodic protection of complex structure 287 288EN 50110-1: 2004, Operation of electrical installations 290EN 50122-1 1): , Railway applications Fixed installations Electrical safety, earthing and bonding 291Part 1: Protective provisions against electric shock 292 293HD 384.6.61 S2:2003, Electrical installations of buildings -- Part 6-61: Verification - Initial verification 294(IEC 60364-6-61:1986 + A1:1993 + A2:1997, mod.) 295 296IEC 60050-161:1990 + A1:1997 + A2:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 161: 297Electromagnetic Compatibility 298 299IEC 60050-195: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 195: Earthing and protection against 300electric shock 301 302IEC 60050 826: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 826: Electrical installations 303ITU-T Directives:1989, Directives concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful 304effects from electric power and electrified railway lines - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 305 306ITU-T K.68:2008, Management of electromagnetic interference on telecommunication systems due to 307power systems and operators' responsibilities 308
289 285

3093

Definitions

310For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Unless defined in this 311European Standard, the definitions given in the International Electrotechnical VocabularyIEV (IEV) shall 312be applicable. 313 314

3153.1 316a.c. railway systema.c. electric traction system (a.c. electric traction system according to 317EN 50122-1)
318a.c. railway electrical distribution network used to provide energy for rolling stock.
319

320NOTE 321322323324

The system may comprise:

contact line systems, return circuit of electric railway systems, running rails of non-electric railway systems, which are in the vicinity of, and conductively connected to the running rails of an electric railway system.

325

3263.2 327a.c power supply system


328a.c. electrical system devoted to electrical energy transmission and including overhead lines, cables, 329substations and all apparatus associated with them.
330

81

At draft stage.

prEN 50443:201 09

331NOTE

This includes the HV transmission lines with 16,7 Hz.

332

3333.3 334a.c. power system


335a.c. electric traction system or a.c. power supply system.
336NOTE

Where it is necessary to differentiate, each interfering system is clearly indicated with its proper term.

337

3383.4 339interfering system


340

3413.5 342interfering system


343general expression encompassing an interfering high voltage a.c. railway systema.c. electric traction 344system and/or high voltage a.c. power supply system. 345

3473.6 348interfered system


349system on which the interference effects appear. 350:
351NOTE In this standard pipeline system.

346

352 353

3543.7 355pipeline system


356system of metallic of pipe network with all associated equipment and stations. 357
358NOTE

In this standard pipeline system refers only to metallic pipeline system.

3592
360 361NOTE 362

up to and including the point of delivery


The associated equipment is the equipment electrically connected to the pipeline.

3633.8 364earth [IEC 60050-826-04-01]


365the conductive mass of the earth, whose electric potential at any point is conventionally taken as equal to 366zero. [IEC 50 826-04-01]
367

3683.9 369operating condition


370fault free operation of any system. 371
372NOTE Transients are not to be considered as an operating condition where transients coming from faults. are not to be 373considered as an operating condition but a fault condition

374

3753.10 376fault condition


377non intended condition caused by short-circuit to earth. The faulttime duration is the normal clearing time 378terminated by the correct function of the protection devices and switches.
379
380NOTE 1 381devices and switches is taken into account 382NOTE 2 383conductor to earth or to any metallic parts in contact with earth. 384

For the relevant fault duration the correct operation of protection The short circuit is an unintentional connection of an energized

10prEN 50443:201 09

10

3853.11 386conductive coupling


387conductive coupling or resistive coupling occurs when a part of the current belonging to the interfering 388system returns to the system earth via the interfered system or when the voltage to the reference earth of 389the ground in the vicinity of the influenced object rises because of a fault in the interfering system. . 390The results of conductivegalvanic coupling are conductive voltages and currents. 391

3923.12 393inductive coupling


394the phenomenon whereby the magnetic field produced by a current carrying circuitonductor influences 395another circuitonductor; the coupling being quantified by the mutual inductive impedance of the two 396circuitsonductors. 397The results of inductive coupling are induced voltages and hence currents. These voltages and currents 398depend for example on the distances, length, inducing current, circuitonductor arrangement and 399frequency. 400 4013.13 402capacitive coupling 403the phenomenon whereby the electric field produced by an energized conductor influences another 404conductor; the coupling being quantified by the capacitive impedaance between the conductors and the 405capacitive impedances between each conductor and earth. 406The results of capacitive coupling are interferencefluenced voltages into conductive parts or conductors 407insulated from earth. The interferencefluenced voltages depend for example on the voltage of the 408influencing system, and distances and circuit arrangement. 409 4103.14 411interference 412phenomenon resulting from conductive, capacitive, inductive coupling between systems, and which can 413cause malfunction, disturbance, danger, damage, etc.
414

4153.15 416disturbance
417malfunction of an equipment loosing its capability of working properly for the duration of the interference. 418When the interference disappears, the interfered system starts again working properly without any 419external intervention.
420

4213.16 422damage
423permanent reduction in the quality of service which can be offered by the interfered system.
424NOTE 1Examples of damages are: coating perforation, pipe pitting, pipe perforation, permanent malfunction of the equipment 425connected to the pipes etc. 426NOTE

A reduction in the quality of service may be also the complete cancellation of service.

427

4283.17 429danger
430state of the influenced system effect which is able to produce a threat to human life.
431

4323.18 433interference situation


434a situation in which an interference may appear (permanently or intermittently) between an a.c. power 435system and a metallic pipeline system. A given interference situation is defined by the geometrical and 436electrical data of the a.c. power system and of the metallic pipeline system as well as defined by the data 437describing the medium between the two systems. 438

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prEN 50443:201 09

439NOTE

An interference situation may cause: danger to persons; damage to the pipeline and/or to the connected equipment; disturbance of the electrical and/or electronic equipment connected to the pipeline.

440 441 442

443

4443.19 445interference distance


446maximum distance between the pipeline system and a.c. power system for which an interference shall 447be considered. 448

4493.20 450interfering current


451vectorial sum of the currents flowing through the conductors relevant to the a.c. power system (i.e. 452catenaries, feeders, return conductors, phase conductors, earth wires). 453
454NOTE This interfering current is used to simplify the calculations when the distances between the interfering system and the 455interfered system is high as compared to the distances between the conductors of the interfering system.

456 457

4583.21 459interference voltage


460voltage caused on the interfered system by the conductive, inductive and capacitiveelectromagnetic c 461coupling with the nearby interfering system between a given point and the earth or across an 462iinsulatinsulatinng jointelement.
463

464

4653.22 466prospective touch voltage [IEC 60050-195-05-09]


467voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those conductive parts are not being 468touched by a person or an animal. 469
470NOTE In the case dealt in this standard the prospective touch voltage coincides with the interference voltage. This is due to the fact 471that in the worst case the interfered pipe may not disperse current to ground.

472
473

4743.23 475prospective touch voltage


476voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those conductive parts are not being 477touched by a person or an animal

4783.24
479skilled person [IEC 60050-195-04-01] 480person with relevant education and experience to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid 481hazards which electricity can create. 482

4833.25
484(electrically) instructed person [IEC 60050-195-04-02] 485person adequately advised or supervised by electrically skilled persons to enable him or her to perceive 486risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create.
487 488

4893.26 490immunity [IEC 60050-161]


491ability of a device, equipment or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an 492electromagnetic disturbance. 493[IEC 60050-161]
494

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4953.27 496environmental reduction factor


497factor which represents the reduction mitigation of interference voltage associated with the presence of of 498extended earthed extraneous metallic structures. 499
500NOTE The value of the environmental reduction factor depends on many parameters (e.g. impedance of the circuit made of 501the structure and the earth).

502

5033.28 504reduction factor


505factor which represents the reduction of interference voltage associated with the presence of the current 506flowing through the tracks, the return conductors, the cable shields, the shield wires, etc.
507

5083.29 509rural area


510area which has a low density of local metallic structures in direct electrical contact with the soil.
511

5123.30 513urban area


514area which contains a high density of local metallic structures in direct electrical contact with the soil such 515as water pipes, cables with bare metal sheaths, railway tracks, earthing structures of buildings, masts 516and foundations. 517

5184

Procedure

519In order to evaluate the acceptability of an interference produced by an a.c. power system on a metallic 520pipeline system, the following design steps apply: 521a) define the interference distance to be considered, according to Clause 5; 522b) define the interference situations to be examined (worst cases of interference), according to 523 Clause 6; 524c) select the involved coupling type(s) to be considered, according to Clause 7; 525d) select the involved interference effect(s) to be considered, according to Clause 8; 526e) assess the interference result(s) for each effect selected in the previous step, according to Clause 9; 527f) select the acceptable limit for each of the results assessed in the previous step, according to 528 Clause 10; 529g) determine select the most restrictive limit, in case more than one effect is to be taken into account; 530h) evaluate the interference results on the metallic pipeline system by calculation or measurement, 531 according to Clause 11; 532i) compare the interference results with the relevant limits. If the comparison shows that the 533 interference situation is unacceptable, mitigation measures shall be applied, according to Clause 12. 534 535The procedure shall be carried out twice, i.e. considering short term interference (due to a.c. power 536system in fault conditions) and long term interference (due to a.c. power system in operating conditions). 537 538The design steps shall be supported and agreed by All design steps have to be agreed by the involved 539parties.

5405

Interference distance

5415.1 Interference distance for normal operating conditionsThe a.c. power systems located at a 542distance less than or equal to the interference distance from a given metallic pipeline system shall be 543considered as interfering systems for this pipeline system. 544The objective of interference distance is to limit the number of interfering systems to be considered and 545for which assessing the interfering currents/voltages is necessary. 546

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prEN 50443:201 09

547National rules, recommendations and guidelines determining other interference distances may be 548applied.
549NOTE 1

An alternative method for evaluating the interfering distances is presented in Annex A of Recommendation ITU-T K.68.

550NOTE 2 The soil resistivity to be taken into account in defining the value of the interference distance is the one of the deep 551layers of soil (as deep as needed for interference calculations). 552

5535.1
554

Interference distance for normal operating conditions overhead a.c. power systems

5555.1.1

5575.1.1

556

In rural areas, for soil resistivity below 3 000 m, an interference distance of 1 000 m between 558the interfering system and the metallic pipeline system should has to be considered. In case of soil 559resistivity value greater than 3 000 m, the interference distance value, in metres, should be equalis 560equal to the soil resistivity value, in m, divided by 3. 561 5625.1.2 In urban areas, the previous interference distance may be decreased, taking into account the 563environmental reducing factor of the metallic structures existing in these areas. The interference distance 564should not be less than 300 m.In no case shall the interference distance be assumed to be less than 565300 m.
566 567NOTE
Typical values for the environmental reducing factor are 0,1 to 0,7 (see ITU-T K.68 , Appendix II).

5685.1.2 underground a.c. power systems 569 570For underground a.c. power systems the interference distance should be 50 m. 571 572 5735.2 Interference distance for fault condition
574

575For a.c. power supply systems, the hereunder distances apply in the case of neutral solidly earthed or 576earthed through small impedance. 577The fault current values associated with insulating and resonant earthed systems are low and do not 578result in danger or in significant risk of damage or disturbance and calculations or measurements are only 579required when interference occurs.
580 581

5825.2.1

overhead a.c. power systems

5845.2.1

583

In rural areas, for soil resistivity below 3 000 m, an interference distance of 3 000 m between 585the interfering system and the metallic pipeline system should has to be considered. In case of soil 586resistivity value greater than 3 000 m, the interference distance value, in metres, should be is equal to 587the soil resistivity value in m. 588 5895.2.2 IIn urban areas, for soil resistivity below 3 000 m, the interference distance should not beis not 590less than 300 m. For soil resistivity greater than 3 000 m the interference distance, in metres, should 591beis equal to the soil resistivity value, in m, divided by 10.
592
593NOTE 1For fault condition and for a.c. power supply systems, the above distances apply in the case of neutral solidly earthed 594or earthed through small impedance. For a.c. power supply systems with compensated neutral or neutral ungrounded, interference 595effects are negligible. 596NOTE 2The soil resistivity to be taken into account in defining the value of the interference distance is the one of the deep 597layers of soil (as deep as needed for interference calculations).

598 5995.2.2 underground a.c. power systems 600 601For underground a.c. power systems the interference distance should be 50 m. 602 603 6045.3 Summary of the interference distances 605 606Table 1 summarises the above statements.

14prEN 50443:201 09

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607 608

Table 1 - Interference distances Type of a.c. power systems overhead overhead underground
a

Areas

m > 3 000 3 000 > 3 000 3 000 all

Interference distance a m Normal operation /3 1 000 300 50 Fault condition 3 000 /10 300 50

Rural Urban all

National rules, recommendations and guidelines determining other interference distances may be applied

609

611

610National rules determining other interference distances may be applied. 612Table 1 summarises the above statements. 613 614 Table 1 - Interference distances

15

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6156

Parameters of the iInterference situations

616When dealing with a metallic pipeline system coupled withinterfered by an a.c. power system, only 617acceptable interferences below the limits indicated in chapter 10 are acceptableallowed.. 618 619It means that, in general, several interference situations within the interference distance shouldall be 620investigated, in order to be sure that all the possible unacceptable interferences, if any, are turned into 621acceptable ones, by adopting suitable mitigation measures as indicated in annex D. 622 623In Annex A suggestions are given on how to select the set of interference situations to be investigated. 624and examples of worst case interference. 625Some suggestions about configuration and input data are given in informative Annex B.

6267

Coupling types

627Table 2 defines the coupling types requiring calculation and/or measurement for evaluating the 628acceptability of the interference situation and maximum distances to be considered for the calculations. 629Distances do not correspond toin any case to worst cases but result from a compromise between the 630results of opportunity to avoid useless calculations and the feedback experience of the operatiorns. The 631values refer to the limits of the interference voltages indicated in table 3. 632 633

Table 2 - Coupling types and distances to be considered


Metallic pipeline system Above ground Not electrically connected to earth Normal operation
Inductive f Capacitive a b ---

Electrically connected to earth Normal operation


Inductive f Inductive --Conductive
cd

Underground

Fault condition
Inductive f Inductive -----

Fault condition
Inductive f Inductive --Conductive
ce

Normal operation
Inductive f Inductive --Conductive
cd

Fault condition
Inductive f Inductive --Conductive c e

16prEN 50443:201 09

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Capacitive coupling from a railway system has to be considered in case of proximity lower than - 10 m in case of 15 kV, 16,7 Hz systems; - 50 m in case of 25 kV, 50 Hz systems. Capacitive coupling from a.c. power supply systems shall be considered in case of proximity lower than 100 m. Conductive coupling from an a.c. electric traction system shall be considered in case of crossing or proximity lower than 5 m from the nearest rail or masts or metallic components connected to the rails. For faults in the HV side of an a.c. substation supplying an a.c. electric traction system, conductive coupling shall be considered in case of proximity lower than 150 m from the earthing grid. Not to be considered for the a.c. power supply systems. To prevent damages to the pipeline or to the connected equipment, the following conditions apply: Conductive coupling from a.c. power supply systems shall be considered in case of proximity lower than: - 5 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line rated at 50 kV or less; - 20 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line provided with earth wire(s) with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV; - 100 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line not provided with earth wire(s) with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV; - 20 m from earthing systems of HV power cables with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV; - 150 m from the earthing grid of a power substation. In any case a minimum distance of 2 m from the closest part of the earthing system of a tower shall be observed. To guarantee the electrical safety of persons, in case any metallic part connected to the pipeline is accessible to them, conductive coupling has to be considered within the interference distance defined in chapter 5.

d e

The interference distances are equal to the ones indicated in chapter 5.

NOTE It is assumed that fault current values associated with insulating and resonant earthed systems are low and do not result in danger or in significant risk of damage or disturbance and calculations or measurements are only required when interference occurs.
a

Capacitive coupling from a railway system has to be considered in case of approach at a distance lower than - 10 m in case of 15 kV, 16,7 Hz systems, - 50 m in case of 25 kV, 50 Hz systems. Capacitive coupling from a.c. power supply systems shall be considered in case of approach at a distance lower than 100 m. Conductive coupling from an a.c. railway system shall be considered in case of crossing or approach at a distance lower than 5 m from the nearest rail or masts or metallic components connected to the rails. Not to be considered for the a.c. power supply systems. Conductive coupling from a.c. power supply systems shall be considered in case of approach at a distance lower than - 5 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line rated at 50 kV or less, - 20 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line provided with earth wire(s) with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV, - 100 m from the closest visible part of the tower of a HV power line not provided with earth wire(s) with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV, - 20 m from earthing systems of HV power cables with nominal voltage greater than 50 kV, - 150 m from the earthing grid of a power substation.

d e

In any case a minimum distance of 2 m from the closest part of the earthing system of a tower shall be observed. In case any metallic part connected to the pipeline is accessible to people, conductive coupling has to be considered within the interference distance (see Clause 5). NOTE It is assumed that fault current values associated with isolated and resonant earthed systems are low and do not result in danger or in significant risk of damage or disturbance and calculations or measurements are only required when interference occurs.

634

635For pipelines without longitudinal electrical continuity, e.g. cast iron pipelines, interference effects are 636usually negligible. 637

6388

Interference effects

639The effects to be considered are the following: 640a) danger to peoplepersons who come in direct contact or contact through conductive parts with the 641 metallic pipeline system or with the connected equipment; 642b) damage of to the pipeline or to the connected equipment;

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prEN 50443:201 09

643c) disturbance of electrical/electronic equipment, connected to the pipeline. 644 645The pipeline company shall apply electrical/electronic systems such that they will not react in dangerous 646ways, nor in ways which will stop production, to the short -durationtime voltages not exceeding the values 647defined in paragraph 10.3.1 and currents which appear during short circuits on the a.c. power system. 648 649According to what is stated in the Scope, this Standard does not deal with the possible damages caused 650by interference through the mechanism of a.c. corrosion. 651 652The effects danger, damage and disturbance are only related to the main frequency.
653

6549
656a) 657 658 659 660 661 662b) 663 664 665 666 667c) 668 669 670

Interference results

655The following interference results shall be evaluated:

for danger to peoplepersons who come in direct contact or in contact through conductive parts with the metallic pipeline system or to the connected equipment,; the voltage to earth of the pipeline and the voltage difference on the insulating joints shall be evaluated in normal operation and in fault conditions. for damage to pipeline or to the connected equipment, (see Clause 8): the voltage to earth of the pipeline and the voltage difference on the iinsulatingnsulated joints shall be evaluated in normal operation and in fault conditions. for disturbance to of electric/electronic equipment connected to the pipeline: the voltage across the electric/electronic equipment connected to the pipeline at the connection points shall be evaluated in normal operation only.

67110 Limits for permissible interference 67210.1 General


673Limits given in the following clauses apply

674 to the total interference result, produced on a single pipeline, or pipeline system, by all the a.c.
675 676 678
679

interfering systems acting together, when considering the operating conditions of the interfering sources;, system acting alone, when considering the fault conditions of the interfering system.

677 to the interference result, produced on a single pipeline, or pipeline system, by a single a.c. interfering
680NOTE An interfering system may be composed of many interconnected lines.source.

68110.2 Limits related to electrical safety of peoplepersons 68210.2.1 General


683The limits stated in and in

684 apply to those parts of the metallic pipeline or connected equipment normally accessible to
685

(electrically) instructed personsople as defined in EN 50110-1, all along the pipeline,

686 refer to instructed personspeople with common clothing, without particular individual protection means 687 other than shoes with an isolatinsulating resistance not less than 3 000 ;. Iin case of use of
688 689 690

individual protection means (this case should be an exceptional one) a specific study shall evaluate the admissible values for the interference voltages, which can be higher than the ones given in and in .

691 . 692

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18

693 694The permissible voltages given in and in 695procedures (see ITU-T K. 68:2008-04).

are in accordance with typical situation and working

696I In case of more severe situations (wet conditions, narrow working space, repairing operations, etc) or 697where common people (i.e. neither electrically instructed nor skilled common personos)ple may come in 698contact with the pipeline in operating conditions, additional precautions should be taken into 699consideration (e.g. reduce admissible voltage, use of insulating insulating coverings, special instruction to 700personnel, etc.). 701 702The voltage to ground limits hereunder specified refer to interference prospective touch voltages.
703

70510.2.2 Operating conditions


706The interference voltage (r.m.s. value) of the pipeline system measured versus earth or across the 707insulating joints at any point normally accessible to people any person (see ) shall not exceed 60 V.
708

704

70910.2.3 Fault conditions


710The interference voltage (r.m.s. value) of the pipeline system measured versus earth or across the 711insulating joints at any point normally accessible to (electrically) instructed personspeople shall not 712exceed the values given in Table 3. Table 3 takes into consideration the specific situation of handling of 713pipelines and connected equipment.
714

715
716 717 718

Table 3 - Limits for interference voltage


voltages measured versus earth or across the joints (r.m.s. values) related to danger to (electrically) people instructed persons
Fault duration

t s t 0,1 0,1 < t 0,2 0,2 < t 0,35 0,35 < t 0,5 0,5 < t 1,0 1<t 3 t>3
719

Interference voltage (r.m.s. value)

V 2 000 1 500 1 000 650 430 150 60

72010.3 Limits related to damage to the pipeline system 72110.3.1 Fault conditions 722 The interference voltage (r.m.s. value) between the metallic pipeline system and the earth atin any
723 724 725 726

point of the pipeline system, or the interference voltage (r.m.s. value) between any element of the electric/electronic equipment connected to between the metallic pipeline and the earth, shall not exceed 2 000 V; values greater than 2 000 V can be accepted if the plant is able to withstand such values and there is an agreement on that.

727 The voltage difference (r.m.s. value) acrosson an iinsulatingnsulated joint shall not exceed 2 000 V.

728 729Values greater than 2 000 V can be accepted if the plant is able to withstand such values and if there is 730an agreement on that. 731

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73210.3.2 Operating conditions


733Under operating conditions the interference voltage (r.m.s. value) between any point of the metallic 734pipeline system and the earth in any point of the pipeline system or the voltage between any element of 735the electric/electronic equipment connected to the metallic pipeline and the earth shall not exceed 60 V. 736

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73710.4 Limits related to disturbance of the pipeline system


738At fundamental frequency, Iin operating conditions, an interference voltage (r.m.s. value) of 60 V between 739the metallic pipeline system and the earth shall be permitted without disturbing electric/electronic 740equipment connected between the metallic pipeline and the earth and an interference voltage (r.m.s. 741value) of 60 V across the insulatedinsulating joints shall be permitted without disturbing electric/electronic 742equipment connected acrossbetween the two elements of the insulating joint. 743

74411 Evaluation of the interference results


745When dealing with a metallic pipeline system interfered by an a.c. power system, only acceptable 746interferences are allowed. 747 748Interference results shall be evaluated through calculation methodsor measurement. 749 750Each company involved in the interference is responsible forto providinge correct data relevant to its 751systems involved. 752 753Some suggestions concerning input data and calculation methods are given in Annex B. 754 755Measurements are also used to evaluate the interference results. Measurement results can be directly 756compared with the limits only if the measurements are performed in the same interference condition to 757which limits apply (worst case interference condition). If this is not the case, measurements require a 758suitable elaboration, based on calculation methods and on measurements performed at the same time on 759both results on the a.c. power system and the pipeline systemperformed at the same time. 760 761Some suggestions concerning measurement methods are given in Annex C. 762 763The calculation methods and the measurement methods shall be agreed between the power and/or 764railway infrastructure manager company and the pipeline company. 765Where measurements are to be carried out, they shall be coordinated between the involved parties. 766 767To take into account all the electromagnetic interferences acting together see Annex B. 768

76912 Mitigation measures


770In case interference results exceed the limits, mitigation measures shall be agreed on betweenon by the 771involved parties, in order to make the interference situation acceptable.
772

773NOTE Which measures are taken and whether the measures are taken onat the interfering or on the interfered system, will 774depend on the significance of the interference, the impact in terms of safety, equipment damage and malfunction, cost and 775complexity of mitigation options and the party introducing the change.

776Some suggestions concerning mitigation measures are given in Annex D.

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777 778 779 780

Annex A (informative) Indications to select Iinterference situations

781The scope of the interference evaluation and mitigation design is to get assurance that only acceptable 782interferences occurare allowed. 783 784In general, several interference situations should be investigated within the interference distance, in order 785to be sure that all the possible unacceptable interferences, if any, are turned into acceptable ones, by 786adopting suitable mitigation measures. 787 788In general it is impossible to give rules for defining the set of interference situations to be examined. 789During the design procedure it is necessary to examine an adequate set of interference situations in 790order to be sure that, after the design stage, unacceptable interferences exist no more. 791 792In some cases, characterized by simple configurations of the involved systems, it can be possible to 793define a priori, before making interference calculations, the worst interference situation, resulting in the 794highest value of interference results. 795 796This is the case, e.g., of fault condition on simple power systems (e.g. a simple a.c. railway line is the 797one where trains are fed by the contact wire only and the current return is made through rails and earth 798only, without special arrangements like return conductors, booster transformers or autotransformers), 799where, usually, the worst fault position is the one corresponding to the one of the ends of the exposure 800zone. 801In the majority of cases the worst interference situation can be evaluated only after making several 802calculations. Thus in the design procedure an adequate set of calculations has to be selected in order to 803be sure that it comprises the worst case. 804 805Interference problems can arise not only when the metallic pipeline system is completed, but also during 806the installation stage, even if at that stage only some parts of the whole metallic pipeline system are 807involved in the coupling phenomena.

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808 809 810 811 812 813B.1 Introduction

Annex B (informative) Guidance for interference investigationCalculation methodss

814It should be considered that a calculation method able to evaluate the results of interference requires a 815lot of input data and a variety of algorithms. Thus it is impossible to give a description of one or more 816calculation methods as a normative part of this standard. This is the reason why we give in this 817informative Annex B some suggestions only, which can be used to carefully select, according to the 818interference problem to be solved, the specific calculation method to be used. 819 820If national rules concerning calculations exist, they should be applied.
821

822B.2 Configuration of the a.c. railway systema.c. electric traction system


823
824

B.2.1

General

825As a general ruleneed, the closer the inducing railway line is to the induced pipeline, the greater the 826number of parameters describing the railway line is required. 827 828The fundamental parameters to be known for evaluating at one frequency the interference results should 829be

830 in case the approach distance is less than 100 m and the length of parallelism is greater than 1 000 m 832 833 834 835 836 837
838

831

within this distance: the current flowing in all relevant conductors and tracks for the considered frequency; the geometrical position of all relevant conductors; the geographic position of the line; in other cases, when the distance between railway line and pipeline is longerhigher: the interfering current for the considered frequency; the geographic position of the line.

839Instead of the current flowing in the tracks or in conductors other than the contact wire, the relevant 840reductiontion factors may be used. 841
842NOTE
843.

Typical values for these reduction factors are given in ITU-T recommendation K68, Appendix II.

844 845Calculations are performed on railway lines that show constant and homogeneous characteristics or on 846which average values of parameters may be assumed along the considered length. 847 848 849If this is not the case the railway lines should be divided in sections until this applies. In that case, the 850above mentioned parameters should be provided for each railway line section. 851
852NOTE When dealing with a non homogeneous line the usual procedure is to divide the line into homogeneous sections and 853combine, manually or automatically if a computation tool is available, the contributions to the interfering voltage by each line 854section.

855 856
857 858B.2.2.1 859

B.2.2

Configuration under operating conditions

Fundamental frequency

860The railway company should provide for the fundamental power frequency all parameters defined in 861B.2.1.

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862

863
864

B.2.3

Configuration under fault conditions

865The railway company should provide for the fundamental frequency all parameters defined in B.2.1 for all 866positions of short circuit to be considered. 867

24prEN 50443:201 09

24

868B.3 Configuration of the a.c. power supply system


869
870

B.3.1

General

871As a general ruleneed, the closer the inducing a.c. power supply line is to the induced pipeline, the 872greater the number of parameters describing the a.c. power supply line is required. 873 874The fundamental parameters to be known for evaluating at one frequency the interference results should 875be:

876 in case the approach distance is less than 100 m and the length of parallelism is greater than 1 000 m 878 879 880 881 882 883
884

877

within this distance: the current flowing in all conductors for the considered frequency; the geometrical positioning of all conductors; the geographic positioning of the line;

in other cases, when the distance between a.c. power supply line and pipeline is longerhigher: the interfering current for the considered frequency; the geographic positioning of the line.

885Instead of the current flowing in the sheaths (in case of a.c. power supply lines in cables) and/or in earth 886wires (in case of overhead a.c. power supply lines), the relevant reduction factors may be used. 887
888NOTE
Typical values for these reduction factors are given in ITU-T recommendation K68, Appendix II.

889 890 891Calculations are performed on a.c. power supply lines that show constant and homogeneous 892characteristics or on which average values of parameters may be assumed along the considered length. 893 894If this is not the case the a.c. power supply lines should be divided in sections on which this applies. In 895that case, the abovementioned parameters should be provided for each a.c. power supply line section. 896
897NOTE When dealing with a non homogeneous line the usual procedure is to divide the line into homogeneous sections and 898combine, manually or automatically if a computation tool is available, the contributions to the interfering voltage by each line 899section. 900

901
902

B.3.2

Configuration under operating conditions

903The a.c. power supply company should provide for the fundamental power frequency all parameters 904defined in B.3.1.
905

906
907

B.3.3

Configuration under fault conditions

908The a.c. power supply company should provide for the fundamental frequency all parameters defined in 909B.3.1 for all positions of short circuit to be considered. 910

911B.4 Configuration of the pipeline


912
913

B.4.1

General

914In view of unacceptable interference on pipeline systems, due to a.c. power systems, the configurations 915of a metallic pipeline and of connected equipment have to be considered from the electrical point of view. 916The parameters to be taken into account refer to the electrical behaviour of the pipeline to the 917environment (coating, soil, etc.) and to the electrical behaviour between different parts of the pipeline 918(equipotential bondings, isolatinsulating joints, electrical drainages, a.c. discharge devices, earthing, etc.). 919 920Electrical, electronic and cathodic protection equipment should be considered for the interference they 921can resist before malfunction (controlling, measuring, etc.) or damage occurs. 922

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923For a new pipeline, characteristics and location of pipeline sections and connected equipment should be 924considered in design conditions, including all the mounted safety devices. 925For an existing pipeline the actual electrical configuration should be considered. 926 927The pipeline company should provide all information about the configuration as built(built-up) of the 928pipeline system.
929

26prEN 50443:201 09

26

930
931

B.4.2

Parameters to be considered

932For all metallic pipelines and/or connected equipment within the interference distance, the parameter 933hereafter are the main ones to estimate the results of interference results and the data (in some cases 934average values are enough) should be provided by the pipeline company:

935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947

948 949 950 951 952 953Calculations are performed on pipelines that show constant and homogeneous characteristics or on 954which average values of parameters may be assumed along the considered length. 955 956If this is not the case pipelines should be divided in sections until this applies. In that case, the 957abovementioned parameters should be provided for each pipeline section. 958
959NOTE When dealing with a non homogeneous pipeline the usual procedure is to divide the pipeline into homogeneous sections 960and combine, manually or automatically if a computation tool is available, the contributions to the interfering voltage on each 961pipeline section. 962

the geographical positioning of the pipeline; the pipeline length (km); the burial depth of the pipeline (m); the pipeline outer diameter (mm); the wall thickness of the pipeline (mm); the isolatinsulating coating thickness (mm); the isolatinsulating resistance of the coating ( m); the pipeline resistivity ( mm2/km or m); the pipeline magnetic permeability; the electrical characteristics of the transported medium; soil resistivity ( m) of the deep layers of soil (as deep as needed for interference calculations); the location of complex structures (as defined in EN 14505) and their values of the resistance to earth; the location and the characteristics of different devices connected to the pipeline (as earth connections, surge protecting devices SPD), electrical and/or electronic equipment, cathodic protection devices, shielding metallic structures, isolatinsulating joints and connected apparatus, etc.). Characteristics means the electrical description of the behaviour of the equipment under interference (linear/non-linear, impedance, immunity at the main frequency, resistibility, etc.).

963B.5 Calculation methods


964The two references given hereinafter cover the problem. 965 966CIGRE published in 1995 the Guide on the Influence of High Voltage AC Power Systems on Metallic 967Pipelines. It shows in a condensed way the key elements for the calculation but, of course, it does not 968deal with the railway lines. Most of this publication is derived from the ITU-T Directives concerning the 969protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway 970lines. 971 972Such a publication was issued in 1989 by ITU (previously named CCITT) Directives concerning the 973protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from electric power and electrified railway 974lines(previously named CCITT) and, consistsing of nine volumes. listed below: 975 976Volume 1 - Design, construction and operational principles of telecommunication, power and electrified 977 railway facilities; 978Volume 2 - Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases; 979Volume 3 - Capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling: physical theory and calculation methods; 980Volume 4 - Inducing currents and voltages in electrified railway systems; 981Volume 5 - Inducing currents and voltages in power transmission and distribution systems; 982Volume 6 - Danger and disturbance; 983Volume 7 - Protective measures and safety precautions; 984Volume 8 - Protective devices; 985Volume 9 - Test and measuring apparatus and methods. 986 987These volumes have been established by the CCITT in close cooperation with, and with the agreement 988of, the International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems (CIGRE) and the International 989Union of Railways (UIC).

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990 991Among these volumes, we underline the importance of Volume II (approximate calculation methods) and 992Volume III3 (theory and precise calculation methods) deal and Volume 2 (approximate calculation 993methods), in connection with the calculation in general., 994Volume IV and Volume V deal with the specific applications to a.c. electric traction systems and to a.c. 995power supply systems respectively. 996 997 as well as the importance of Volume 4 in connection with the specific applications to a.c. railway systems 998and of Volume 5 in connection with the specific application to a.c. power supply systems.
999

1000B.6 Calculation of independent interfering systems


1001

1002When more independent interfering systems, with the same frequency even at different frequencies, are 1003acting together on the same pipeline, the total induced voltage is evaluated by combining the r.m.s. 1004values of the induced voltages of the interfering systems by taking into account the phase shift, if the 1005phase shift is fixed and known. If this is not the case the worst phase shift is to be considered. 1006When more independent interfering systems, with the same frequency, are acting together on the same 1007pipeline: 1008 - if the phase shift is fixed and known, the total induced voltage is evaluated by vectorially 1009 combining the vectors representing the voltages induced by the interfering systems. 1010 1011NOTE: As an example, let a and b be the r.m.s. values of the e.m.f.s induced by two interfering systems 1012and the phase shift between the two e.m.f.s. The interfering voltage, c, induced by the two systems 1013acting together is: 1014 1015 c = a 2 +b 2 + 2ab cos( ) 1016 1017 1018 - If the phase shift is not fixed or known, in combining the vectors representing the voltages 1019 induced by the interfering systems, these vectors shall be considered in phase (or =0 in the 1020 previous formula) . 1021 1022 1023When more independent interfering systems, at different frequencies are acting together (e.g. 50 Hz and 102416,67 Hz) on the same pipeline, the total induced voltage is evaluated by means of the following formula:
1025

1026
1027

V =

V
i =1

1028Where: 1029N is the number of interfering systems, 1030Vi is the interfered voltage caused by the i-th interfering system considered alone. 1031

28prEN 50443:201 09

28

1032 1033 1034 1035 1036C.1


General

Annex C (informative) Measuring methods

1037The quantities to be measured to quantify the amount of an interference are voltages and currents, thus 1038they are normal quantities involved in any electrical problem. 1039 1040Other quantities involved in the measurements can be the resistance of a conductor, the resistance of an 1041earth electrode, the soil resistivity. 1042 1043In this sense there is nothing particular to be suggested, except to perform such measurements 1044according to the relevant standards, if any. 1045 1046When measuring voltages to earth, the connection to the earth should be perpendicular to the line of the 1047interfering system, or else allowance should be made for induced voltages in the connection. 1048 1049As a reference it is possible to use the Volume IX9 of the ITU-T Directives mentioned in Annex BB. 1050 1051Some measurements are described in HD 384.6.61. 1052 1053As mentioned in Clause 11, sometimes measurements of the interference results on the pipeline must be 1054related to the inducing quantities measured at the same time on the interfering system. 1055

1057C.2 Measurement methods for (prospective) touchinterference voltages at steady 1058state


1059In order to get the interference(prospective) touch voltage a voltmeter with a high internal resistance is 1060suitable connected: 1061 between a given point of the influenced pipeline system and a 10 cm deep-driven earth 1062 sensor or an existing earth system; 1063 across an insulating joint of the influenced pipeline system. 1064 1065 1066, the measurement by a voltmeter with a high internal resistance and a 10 cm deep-driven sensor or a 1067clamp is suitable.

1056

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1068 1069 1070 1071 1072D.1


General

Annex D (informative) Mitigation measures

1073In order to reduce the effects of the interference, a comprehensive mitigation measure consists in placing 1074the interfering system and the pipeline far enough apart from to each other: the distance depends on the 1075inducing current, the soil resistivity and the length of the parallelismapproach. 1076 1077When it is not possible to achieve sufficient separation distance, specific mitigation measures should be 1078considered, these may be implemented on the pipeline system, on the a.c power system or both. 1079 1080When provided at the design stage the effort for implementing a mitigation measure is usually much 1081lower than when provided later. 1082 1083In choosing where to install the protective measures it should be considered that any protective device at 1084the a.c. power system side is in general more expensive than measures that can be applied to the 1085interfered pipeline. 1086 1087It should be carefully considered how mitigation measures can influence the whole design of the pipeline 1088infrastructure.
1089

1090D.2
1091
1092

Mitigation measures at the pipeline side


D.2.1 Screening structures

1094 insulating coating structures close to the pipeline, not to allow the a.c. power system current to return 1096
1097 1099

1093Screening structures are used to prevent conductive coupling.; Tthey consist in:

1095 via the pipeline structure;. conductive structures close to the pipeline, bringing locally the remote earth potential. 1098

D.2.2

Surge protective devices (SPD)

1100SPD can be used to connect the pipeline to earth or to connect the opposite sides of an 1101insulatinginsulating joint in order to reduce the amount of the voltages appearing in case of fault 1102conditions or in very peculiar heavy operating conditions. 1103 1104It should be considered that when installed between the pipeline and the earth, an earthing connection is 1105required, having a very low impedance. 1106 1107It should also be considered that it is necessary to have a suitable separation between the maximum 1108continuous operating voltage of the SPD and the maximum induced voltage in operating conditions. 1109 1110 D.2.3 IInsulatingnsulating joints
1111

1112IsolatInsulating joints can be inserted at intervals along the pipeline in order to provide electrical 1113discontinuity for reducing the lengths of pipeline which are subject to inductioninduced, thereby reducing 1114the length of exposure. 1115 1116 1117 D.2.4 Earthing
1118 1119Earth connections can be used to reduce the amount of induced voltages in fault conditions and in operating 1120conditions. Earthing will reduce the induced voltages, but at the same time currents along the pipeline will 1121increase. In general this is not a problem, but users should be aware of this effect.

1122
1123

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30

1124D.3
1125

Mitigation measures at the a.c railway system side


D.3.1 General

1126 1127The scope of the mitigation measures taken at the railway side is to reduce the interferingducing current. In the 1128following possible methods for reduction of the interference voltages are indicated.

1129 1130 1131


1132

D.3.2

Earth conductors and return conductors

1133These are conductors mounted on the overhead line structures or underground, connected to the rails at 1134regular intervals.
1135

1136
1137

D.3.3

Booster transformers

1138The booster transformers, placed at intervals along the line, provide a coupling between the overhead 1139contact wire and the rails or a return conductor. 1140 1141The use of booster transformers provide suppression at source thereby reducing the loop area presenting 1142a more balanced system as a result of outgoing and return magnetic field cancellation. 1143 1144The disadvantage of such a system is that it results in higher line impedance which requires a shorter 1145distance between substations. 1146 1147The principle of booster transformers is described in the ITU-T Directives, Volume IV4.
1148

1149
1150

D.3.4

Autotransformers

1151Feeding a railway line through autotransformers has the following results:

1152 out of the section occupied by the train, the feeding current flows back to the substation mainly 1154 inside the section occupied by the train, the current flows in both the directions from the train position
1153

through the negative feeder;

1155 in the contact wire and in the rails, in one direction in the negative feeder; 1156thus the interference situation is more favourable with respect to the feeding system without 1157autotransformers. 1158 1159This feeding system allows for a higher distance among substations as the energy is mainly conveyed at 1160a voltage which is the double of the one of the contact wire. 1161 1162The calculation of voltages and currents in such a system requires a suitable algorithm. 1163 1164The principle of autotransformers is described in the ITU-T Directives, Volume IV4. 1165
1166NOTE
This method can be considered only for the design stage not for railway systems existing and using other schemes.

1167

1168D.4

Mitigation measures at the a.c. power supply system side

1169Modifying the phases arrangement, as well as splitting or transposing them, could reduce the interference 1170results relevant to the operating conditions of the a.c. power line. 1171 1172For the purpose of reducing interference in fault conditions, additional earth wires can be used.
1173

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1174 1175 1176 1177 1178E.1


General

Annex E (informative) Management of interference

1179Each interference situation deals with safety of people, damage of plants, malfunction of plants. This 1180means that it should be managed carefully, in order to be sure that the interference is tolerable.Each 1181interference situation deals with the safety of persons, damage to plant or malfunction of plant.
1182

1183E.2

Plant life

1184It should be remembered reminded that the technical characteristics of a plant often vary during the plant 1185life: as a consequence also the severity of an interference can vary during the plant life. 1186 1187A critical situation happens when, due to modifications of the technical characteristics of a plant, an 1188acceptable interference evolves to an unacceptable one: this should be avoided by a suitable monitoring 1189of the evolution of the technical characteristics of the plants involved in the interference. 1190

1191E.3

Exchange of information

1192As an interference situation typically involves two plants of different companies, it is necessary to 1193establish an efficient and reliable exchange of information between the two companies. 1194 1195Moreover it should be considered that a pipeline can be interfered by several interfering systems 1196belonging to various owners as well as an a.c power system can produce interference to several 1197interfered systems belonging to various owners. This means that a correct, reliable and timely exchange 1198of information is highly important. 1199 1200A possible way to manage this aspect is that each company should appoint an interference manager 1201which has the complete overview of all the interference problems pertaining to the company, in order to 1202be the reference point for each exchange of information related to the interferences pertaining to the 1203company.
1204

1205E.4

Plant documentation

1206A possible way to keep under control the interference situations is to maintain a technical dossier on 1207interference for each plant. 1208 1209This dossier could be arranged in the form of as many sub-dossier as the interference situations are for 1210the plant: it means that a pipeline dossier will contain as many sub-dossier as the inducing plants are, 1211while an a.c. power system dossier will contain as many sub-dossier as the interfered plants are. 1212 1213Each sub-dossier should contain all the documents related to the problem, e.g.:

1214 the contacts with all the owners of the inducing plants (in case of a pipeline dossier) or the owners of
1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223
1224

the interfered plants (in case of an a.c power system dossier) in order to leave memory on how and from where the data have been collected; the geometrical and electrical descriptions of the plants involved in the interference; the results of calculations performed (one calculation if the interference is acceptable since the beginning: several calculations if the interference was not acceptable at the beginning, thus the mitigation measures design was necessary): the dossier should leave memory of such design, the results of measurements performed, if any; any other document dealing with the agreements between the owners of the plants, relevant to the sharing of the costs of interference, if any.

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1225Each sub-dossier should be independent and complete. 1226 1227As well as the plant characteristics can vary during the plant life, also an interference dossier of a plant 1228can vary during the plant life, thus it could be necessary to add new documents (documents can only be 1229added to a dossier) to leave memory of the plant history. 1230

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1231 1232 1233 1234

Annex F (informative) Informative references

1235 1236ITU-T Directives concerning the protection of telecommunication lines against harmful effects from 1237electric power and electrified railway lines: 1238 Volume I [ed.1990]: Design, construction and operational principles of 1239 telecommunication, power and electrified railway facilities (ISBN 92-61-03941-3); 1240 Volume II [ed.1999]: Calculating induced voltages and currents in practical cases 1241 (ISBN 92-61-08001-4); 1242 Volume III [ed.1990]: Capacitive, inductive and conductive coupling: physical theory 1243 and calculation methods (ISBN 92-61-04041-1); 1244 Volume IV [ed.1990]: Inducing currents and voltages in electrified railway systems 1245 (ISBN 92-61-04051-9); 1246 Volume V [ed.2008]: Inducing currents and voltages in power transmission and 1247 distribution systems (ISBN 92-61-12491-7); 1248 Volume VI [ed.2008]: Danger, damage and disturbance (ISBN 92-61-12501-8); 1249 Volume VII [ed.1990]: Protective measures and safety precautions (ISBN 92-611250 04081-0); 1251 Volume VIII [ed.1990]: Protective devices (ISBN 92-61-04091-8); 1252 Volume IX [ed.1989]: Testing methods and measuring apparatus (ISBN 92-61-041011253 9). 1254 1255 1256ITU-T K.68: 2008, Management of electromagnetic interference on telecommunication systems due to 1257power systems and operators' responsibilities. 1258 1259CIGRE 1995 Guide on the influence of the high voltage AC power system on metallic pipeline. 1260

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