FIGRA Project On BING Technical Report Master

Research program
FIGRA project
Valuation of fire grow
FIGRA mARHE FIGRA t*
EN 13823 EN 11925-2 EN 13501-1
BING Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels - Phone: +32 2 676 7352 - Fax: +32 2 676 7479 E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com
Foreword
Scope of this research, effected for BING, was to verify the reliability of the evaluations obtained
by SBI on some building products. I have always been convinced that FIGRA, as it is calculated,
i.e. not considering thermal attack conditions and ventilation (intended as number of changes of air
in the apparatus per hour), using analysers at limits of their sensitivity etc.. etc- is conceptually
wrong.
To emphasise the effect of the initial fire growth, attributing the maximum importance to the only
initial slope of the curve, without seriously considering the fire power, leads to the evident result to
consider the fire from a newspaper ball of 100 gr. so important to consider a product, having similar
curve, at maximum danger levels.
To do a military comparison, to receive a small shot at 1000 km/h speed would be much more
harmful than to receive a cannon shot of 50 kg running at only 900 km/h. Try to believe.
Joking a part, the SBI, in the present version and with this FIGRA calculation system, obtains
aberrant results. We will see how it is possible, in part, to find a remedy using other calculation
systems, easy to be applied to the curves already produced up today: it is given that, since curves
are obtained with an apparatus and in not realistic testing conditions, we work on data that wouldnt
be used to evaluate the fire behaviour of a product.
To consider only the first 10 minutes of testing will be even a good gift for those products that need
some times to let grow the fire, and it will be useful in those cases when the firemen start to
extinguish the fire within 600 seconds. Our firemen, that are really very clever (and more, I think
the cleverest I know), generally arrive on place in these times only if the fire has the kindness to
occur very near their centres.
It seems to me a real nonsense, if we want to take in consideration the heat release, it is necessary to
do it seriously and without tricks. And if a material produces an initial flame, at low power and
short duration, I believe this product should be honestly considered a medium or even few
dangerous product.
We will keep on working, in Ad hoc 44 of CEN TC 127 to improve SBI and to change this
situation: using also this data, thank to BING and to Companies that have taken part in the program.
The curves you will find in the work, and the index produced by
each curve, speak: if data will be used so as it is now required, we
will have many good products of class ONE that for many years
have never caused problems to be rejected and to be by force
replaced by other products that at least for costs of certifications
and analysis- will be much more expensive
Our ideas mines and of my researchers- about SBI are well
known, and I can be quiet: everybody in the world on this side and
on the other side of ocean, know I didnt agree.
But Im sorry, very sorry to have attended the works.
Silvio Messa
Head of Research Team
LSFire Laboratories
BING
LSF
Introduction
SBI (Single Burning Item EN 13823) is the European main test for Construction insulating
products.
Within a range that includes Euroclasses A1 and A2 (for non combustible material) and which goes
down to F for unclassified material, this test method makes possible to place products in the range
between Euroclasses B and D (B being the highest level that can be assigned using this method).
To pass EN 11925-2 (ignitability) method, which is very similar to the German DIN 4102 test for
B2 classification, is a necessary condition for admittance to the SBI test and also gives Euroclass E
classification (15 seconds).
Panels that are to be tested using SBI are assembled in a corner configuration made up of two
wings of 11.5 and 0.51.5 metres.
To put things simply, this apparatus measures the power, given in kW, released by the combustion
of the sample during the test period. The energy is therefore measured directly in proportion to the
consumption of oxygen recorded during the combustion reaction (Oxygen Depletion).
Power vs time curve represents RHR (Rate of Heat Release).
There are four test phases:
1. During the first 120s both burners are kept switched off and the paramagnetic detector records
the quantity of oxygen present in the apparatus with no combustion present.
2. From the 120th to the 300th second the secondary burner remains on but its flame does not
touch the specimen. This makes possible to evaluate the energy consumption produced by the
burning propane only. This value will be taken away from the final combustion curve of the
material and, in this way, the energy of the pure specimen will be calculated without the
contribution of the burner.
3. The real test takes place from the 300th to the 1500th second. The propane directed towards the
secondary burner is deviated to the main burner, and the pilot flame ignites the gas. The
extraction system above the corner of the testing apparatus collects the combustion products,
and convey them to the exhaustion duct where detectors record the variations of all the
analysed parameters.
4. The burner is switched off after 20 minutes (normal test duration); five more minutes are left to
let the measured parameters to return to their normal values.
BING
LSF
FIGRA (Fire Growth RAte index) according to EN 13823

The FIGRA (Fire Growth Rate), namely the ratio between the immediate RHR value and the time
during which this value is recorded , plays an important role in classification.
The following formula shows the mathematical calculation used to obtain the FIGRA value:
FIGRA
RHR av (t )
FIGRA = 1000 max
t 300
THR (t ) =
1000kW/s = W/s
1 t
RHR (t ) t
1000 300
MJ = MWs
By varying in the formula the class limit values (indicated in the table below), we obtain lines that
divide the Cartesian plane into four areas. Each one of these areas has a pertaining Euroclass, as can
be seen in the first of the two following graphs:
EUROCLASS
B
C
D
E
FIGRA
Lower than 120 W/s
Between 120 and 250 W/s
Between 250 and 750 W/s
Higher than 750 W/s
THR 600s
Lower than 7.5 MJ
Between 7.5 and 15 MJ
Higher than 15 MJ
Higher than 15 MJ
RHR: Rate of Heat Release (kW)

Graphical representation of lines with a constant FIGRA value of 120,250,750
(kW)
250
FIGRA = 120 W/s

FIGRA = 250 W/s
FIGRA = 750 W/s
200
D
150
C
100
B
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840 960
Time (s)
1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
As an example, the green line represents the points at which the FIGRA value is always equal to
250 W/s. If we therefore position a real combustion curve on this graph, we have an immediate
graphical display of the class to which the material belongs (see graph below)
BING
LSF
cork
RHR 30 s average
FIGRA 0.2MJ
THR 600s
FIGRA t* 1200s
mARHE
(kW)
250
=
=
=
=
1654.
13.85
35.37
37.13
W/s
MJ
kJ/s
kW
E
200
D
RHR 30s average

FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s
FIGRA = 750 W/s
150
C
100
B
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920

Time (s)
As can be seen, this material has a relatively high RHR(t)/t ratio at the start of combustion and the
curve is taken to a position in the class E area, therefore determining in which sector the material
belongs.
Critical aspects of the present class attribution system
The previous graph shows how the tested material obtained class E because of the initial value that
was barely able to reach 50 kW, even though the peak of approx. 100 kW, which appears at around
1500s keeps the material quite easily inside the class B area.
The FIGRA value can be very high even when the RHR value remains within relatively low limits
(20-30 kW), and material classification is penalised if the peak appears during the first few seconds
of combustion (a value that is useful for defining the denominator in the FIGRA calculation
algorithm).
A FIGRA value calculated in this manner, therefore, does not consider the energy released by the
material during combustion in a reasonable way but concentrates almost exclusively on the
products ignition rate.
A 20-40 kW fire is not a serious risk especially when the highest power peak is limited through
time, even if the power is reached in a short time.
The situation becomes more dangerous, however, if the fire takes just a few minutes to reach a
power of 60-80 kW (or more) and the release of energy is slower but in continual growth through
time.
As the test proceeds and as various materials that are commonly used in construction work are
evaluated using SBI, it is easy to see that notable differences are found when organising and
classifying the various combustion curves because the results are based on a parameter that leans
towards the facility of ignition. Unfortunately, these differences have distorted classifications that
were once considered as being valid from a fire prevention point of view.
Italian regulators, collaborating with and using the experience of the LSF, have made a proposal to
CEN127 to use different algorithms than FIGRA, which is calculated using the present method.
These new algorithms make possible to rank the fire reaction curves in a more logical and balanced
way.
Two alternative methods (mARHE and FIGRA calculated at barycentric time FIGRA t* ) were
proposed.
BING
LSF
MAHRE (Maximum Average of Heat Emission)
This index, approved by TC 256, was created by Gary J. Duggan within the working group that coordinates standards in the railway sector.
The mARHE calculation method determines the average energy value generated during each
combustion period in which the RHR value is measured (the integral of the RHR curve during a
certain time period represents the energy developed by the specimen during that interval).
The points obtained by summing the separate areas and dividing them by the corresponding time
gives the ARHE curve (average rate of heat emission), the maximum of which is, by definition, the
mARHE.
This type of algorithm has the advantage of balancing the ignitability (determined by the slope of
the initial peak develops) and the total energy that is developed during combustion (represented by
RHR integral during the total running time of the test).
mARHE
ele(t ) =
(RHR(t ) + RHR(t 1) ) t
2
kWs
ele = the trapezoidal area for each interval
arhe(t ) =
ele(t )
300
t 300
marhe = max (arhe(t ) )
kW
kW
FIGRA based on barycentric time (t*1200)
The barycentre of a function is the point that divides the integral of the function into two equivalent
parts in a defined interval. In our case, the barycentric time represents the time at which the
material being tested releases half of its energy during the 1200 seconds (test duration). Dividing
the THR (Total Heat Release, i.e. the total of the energy developed during combustion) obtained at
the time (t) by the barycentric time (t*) we once again acquire a set of points that generate the
barycentric time curve.
This interpretation of the RHR curve again considers both the fire development rate and the total
quantity of energy developed.
FIGRA t*
t
t * (t ) = barycentric _ time =
(RHR (t ) t t )
300
t
(RHR (t ) t )
Definition of barycentre function
300
FIGRA _ t * (t ) = 1000
BING
THR(t )
barycentric _ time
1000MJ/s = kJ/s = kW
LSF
In order to simulate classification of products by using these two parameters, LSF proposed the
following limit values:
EUROCLASS
B
C
D
E
MARHE and FIGRA t*

Lower than 16 kW
Between 16 and 32 kW
Between 32 and 64 kW
Higher than 64 kW
As can be seen in the graphs below, an RHR curve evaluated using the FIGRA value, calculated in
accordance with the current legislation, was compared with the possible representations and
classifications obtained using the mARHE and FIGRA t* methods. The same reading key makes it
possible to interprete the curves and the classifications obtained from 14 insulating products that
were analysed in this project. All the relevant curves are shown in Annex B, included in this report.
Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass
(kW)
250
RHR 30s average

FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s
FIGRA = 750 W/s
RHR 30 s average
9589
200
FIGRA 0.2MJ
THR 600s
FIGRA t* 1200s
mARHE
D
150
C
100
=
=
=
=
2471 W/s
9.15 MJ
19.3 kW
42.9 kW
B
50
0
0
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)

(kW)
100
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
ARHE = 32 kW
ARHE = 64 kW
ARHE average
9589
90
80
(kW)
100
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
kW
kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
FIGRA t* average
9589
90
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
30
30
20
10
0
10
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
BING
20
40
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
LSF
Then if the classes limit are considered according to the following table:
First proposal
CLASS
B
C
D
E
FIGRA
W/s
120
250
750
mARHE
kW
16
32
64
FIGRA t*
kW
16
32
64
FIGRA
0.2MJ
mARHE
FIGRA
t* 1200s
FIGRA
0.2MJ
mARHE
FIGRA
t* 1200s
kW
W/s
kW
kW
W/s
kW
kW
3
13
34
20
21
58
70
125
34
33
29
40
52
4
16
25
17
27
37
69
97
35
23
12
17
26
13
12
2
8
1
4
14
11
3
5
6
9
10
56
361
683
1105
1918
1844
1654
590
2189
2472
2348
1266
1279
3
13
20
21
29
33
34
34
40
43
52
58
70
4
16
17
27
12
23
35
25
17
19
26
37
69
13
1
12
2
3
5
4
11
6
8
14
9
10
56
1918
361
683
2189
2472
1844
590
2348
1105
1654
1266
1279
3
29
13
20
40
43
33
34
52
21
34
58
70
4
12
16
17
17
19
23
25
26
27
35
37
69
2472
43
19
1501
125
97
1501
125
97
N
material
FIGRA
t* 1200s
kW
56
361
590
683
1105
1266
1279
1501
1654
1844
1918
2189
2348
N
material
mARHE
W/s
13
12
11
2
8
9
10
7
14
4
1
3
6
N
material
FIGRA
0.2MJ
And if the materials are ordered according to one of calculated parameters (in grey the column with
growing rules), the following table is obtained:
The cells are coloured to highlight the changing class depending on the considered parameter.
BING
LSF
List of the tested materials:
N Test code Material description

Thick
Rigid PIR foam: blowing
1
9585
30
agent normal pentane
2
9586
30
3
9587
30
4
9588
80
5
9589
30
Rigid PUR foam: blowing
6
9590
30
agent water (open cells)
Rigid PUR foam: blowing
7
9591
60
agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon
8
9592
30
agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon
Extruded Polystyrene
9
9593
30
Foam (XPS)
Extruded Polystyrene
10
9594
60
Foam (XPS)
Expanded Polystyrene
11
9595
30
Foam (EPS)
Mounting + Fixing
Facer
Mech Fastening
Saturated Fiberglass
Mech Fastening
Aluminium foil 60 m
Mech Fastening
Fiberglass + Mineral
coating
Mech Fastening
Mech Fastening
Mech Fastening
Mech Fastening
Aluminium foil 40 m
Mech Fastening
None
Glued
None
Glued
None
Glued
None
12
9596
Expanded Perlite (EPB)
30
Mech Fastening
None
13
9597
Mineral Wool (MW)
40
Mech Fastening
None
14
9598
Expanded Cork (ICB)
30
Mech Fastening
None
Results
1. Once again has been demonstrated that SBI test parameters for classification (FIGRA) strongly
penalises those products that present a relative high ignition rate compared to a relatively low
total energy release; whit the present SBI classification the total energy release is not taken into
account at all.
2. The ranking of curves using FIGRA as parameter does not give a fair and balanced
representation of the real behaviour of products subjected to the test. In Annex A the ranking of
the curves obtained according FIGRA, mARHE and FIGRA t* shown clearly this kind of
anomaly.
3. Parameters like lateral spread of flame (damaged area) and spread of flame rate, which are
important for the Italian classification, are not evaluated whit the present SBI test configuration.
4. The objective of the test, i.e. the complete evaluation of a product whit regard to reaction to fire,
is not reached as well the correlation whit the reference scenario (ISO 9705 room corner test)
5. Several materials, well known for their good performance in reaction to fire turn out to be
penalised according this unrealistic classification method (i.e. Perlite class D). The gap between
the two most important families of insulant material (inorganic and organic product) results
strongly increased whit the classification system adopted for SBI. Such wide gap were not
present in none of the national classification system which are considered performing well in the
past.
BING
LSF
ANNEX A
Legend of following graphs
Energy produced after 10 minutes

the mail burner ignites
Energy produced in the following 10 minutes
(ignored by classification)
Following fire grow; not considerated
Barycentric time, it indicates when half

of energy was produced
BING
LSF
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table A
Ordering by FIGRA 0.2MJ

(kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing
100
822 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
100
754 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
(kW)
250
10
9594
200
200
150
150
100
1740.
Time (s)
12
9596
9593
200
100
922 sec
t* at t=1500s
880 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
11
9595
9591
200
200
150
150
100
100
664 sec
t* at t=1500s
735 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
300.0
1740.
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9586
200
14
9598
200
150
150
100
100
831 sec
t* at t=1500s
994 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9592
9588
200
200
150
150
100
100
896 sec
t* at t=1500s
873 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
10
LSF
1740.
Table A
(kW)
250
9585
200
150
100
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9587
200
150
100
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9590
200
150
100
796 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9589
200
150
100
816 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
11
LSF
Table C
Ordering by mARHE
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - mARHE increasing
100
822 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
9588
200
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
100
873 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
250
12
9596
14
9598
200
200
150
150
100
100
922 sec
t* at t=1500s
994 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9586
11
9595
200
200
150
150
100
100
831 sec
t* at t=1500s
735 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9592
200
9587
200
150
150
100
100
896 sec
t* at t=1500s
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9585
200
9589
200
150
150
100
100
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
816 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
12
LSF
1740.
Table C
(kW)
250
9590
200
150
100
796 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9593
200
150
100
754 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
10
9594
200
150
100
880 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9591
200
150
100
664 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
13
LSF
Table B
Ordering by FIGRA t* 1200s (LSF)

(kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing
100
822 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9585
9589
200
100
816 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9588
200
200
150
150
100
420.0
100
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
873 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
12
9596
11
9595
200
200
150
150
100
100
922 sec
t* at t=1500s
735 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9586
200
9590
200
150
150
100
100
831 sec
t* at t=1500s
796 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
9587
200
9592
200
150
150
100
100
784 sec
t* at t=1500s
896 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
14
LSF
1740.
Table B
(kW)
250
14
9598
200
150
100
994 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9593
200
150
100
754 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
10
9594
200
150
100
880 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
9591
200
150
100
664 sec
t* at t=1500s
50
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
15
LSF
ANNEX B
BING
16
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
9585-1
9585-2
9585-3
1843.45 1896.92 2012.27
4.97
6.30
6.24
27.83
28.47
30.18
10.5
13.1
13.0
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ]
mAHRE [kW]
FIGRA t* 1200s [1000MJ/s]
average
1917.5
5.8
28.8
12.2
Foam
polyurethane
coated with
saturated
fiberglass
(30 mm)
Stiferite
(kW)
50
9585
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9585
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 5.84 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s
mARHE
= 28.82 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9585
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 5.84 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s
mARHE
= 28.82 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 5.84 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s
mARHE
= 28.82 kW
9585
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
D
50
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
D
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
17
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
18
LSF
9586-1
9586-2
9586-3
617.28
748.74
682.63
7.52
8.55
7.88
18.02
20.87
20.23
15.9
17.9
16.1
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
682.9
8.0
19.7
16.6
Foam
polyurethane
coated with
aluminium foil
(60 micron)
(30 mm)
Stiferite
(kW)
50
9586
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9586
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 7.98 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s
mARHE
= 19.56 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9586
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 7.98 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s
mARHE
= 19.56 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 7.98 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s
mARHE
= 19.56 kW
9586
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
ARHE = 64 kW
40
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
19
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
20
LSF
9587-1
9587-2
9587-3
2133.77 2301.51 2130.40
7.61
8.51
8.14
38.09
41.63
41.61
16.2
18.0
16.7
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
2188.6
8.1
40.4
17.0
Stiferite
Foam
polyurethane
coated with
mineralised
saturated
fiberglass
(30 mm)
(kW)
100
9587-
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 8.09 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s
mARHE
= 40.16 kW
958790
80
E
70
60
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
D
50
ARHE = 32 kW
ARHE = 64 kW
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9587
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 8.09 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s
mARHE
= 40.16 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 8.09 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s
mARHE
= 40.16 kW
958790
80
200
E
70
60
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
100
30
20
50
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Time (s)
BING
120
21
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
22
LSF
9588-1
9588-2
9588-3
1672.65 1959.98 1899.02
10.41
9.79
10.97
32.15
32.88
34.86
22.5
21.6
23.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
1843.9
10.4
33.3
22.6
Stiferite
Foam
polyurethane
coated with
saturated
fiberglass
(80 mm)
(kW)
50
9588
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9588
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 10.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s
mARHE
= 33.11 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9588
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 10.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s
mARHE
= 33.11 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 10.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s
mARHE
= 33.11 kW
9588
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
ARHE = 64 kW
40
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
23
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
24
LSF
9589-1
9589-2
9589-3
2009.59 2722.17 2683.91
7.83
9.75
9.87
37.05
45.72
46.66
16.3
20.8
20.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
2471.9
9.1
43.1
19.3
Stif
Foam
polyurethane
coated with
saturated
fiberglass
(30 mm)
(kW)
100
9589
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Stif
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9589
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 9.15 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s
mARHE
= 42.99 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stif
Stif
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9589
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 9.15 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s
mARHE
= 42.99 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 9.15 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s
mARHE
= 42.99 kW
9589
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
D
50
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
D
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
25
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
26
LSF
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent water (open cells) (thickness 30 mm)
9590-1
9590-2
9590-3
2488.33 2777.33 1777.21
11.55
12.68
12.15
52.81
56.30
46.37
24.3
27.0
25.7
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
2347.6
12.1
51.8
25.7
Stif
PUR coated with

saturated
fiberglass
(30 mm)
(kW)
100
9590
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Stif
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9590
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 12.13 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s
mARHE
= 50.58 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stif
Stif
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9590
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 12.13 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s
mARHE
= 50.58 kW
80
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s

THR 600s
= 12.13 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s
mARHE
= 50.58 kW
9590
90
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
ARHE = 32 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
27
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent water (open cells) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
28
LSF
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 60 mm)
9591-1
9591-2
9591-3
1366.54 1300.45 1834.64
51.51
49.43
56.23
130.37
107.86
137.66
97.4
89.5
105.2
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
1500.5
52.4
125.3
97.4
Brianza Plastica
PUR coated with

aluminium foil
(40 micron)
(60 mm)
(kW)
9591
200
150
100
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Brianza Plastica
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s
THR 600s
= 52.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s
mARHE
=124.19 kW
250
9591
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Brianza Plastica
Brianza Plastica
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s
THR 600s
= 52.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s
mARHE
=124.19 kW
100
9591
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 52.39 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s
mARHE
=124.19 kW
100
9591
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
29
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 60 mm)
BING
30
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 30 mm)
9592-1 9592-2
9592-3
883.65 1178.66 1253.58
11.88
11.03
13.30
20.05
19.60
22.58
26.4
25.7
28.1
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
1105.3
12.1
20.7
26.7
Duna Corradini
Foam
polyurethane
(50kg/m3)
(30 mm)
(kW)
50
9592
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Duna Corradini
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s
THR 600s
= 12.07 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.43 kW
250
9592
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Duna Corradini
Duna Corradini
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s
THR 600s
= 12.07 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.43 kW
100
9592
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s

THR 600s
= 12.07 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.43 kW
100
9592
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
31
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 30 mm)
BING
32
LSF
Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (thickness 30 mm)
9593-1 9593-2 9593-3 9593-4 9593-5 average

1128.5 390.21 486.63 2121.6 2202.5 1265.9
15.30 16.07 16.33 23.26 24.55 19.1
53.77 30.72 31.43 84.31 87.92 57.6
29.6
30.5
30.5
44.5
47.6 36.5
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
DOW
XPS (30 mm)
(kW)
300
9593
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
DOW
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s
THR 600s
= 15.90 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.33 kW
250
9593
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
DOW
DOW
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s
THR 600s
= 15.90 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.33 kW
100
9593
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s

THR 600s
= 15.90 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.33 kW
100
9593
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
33
LSF
TEST 5
TEST 4
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
34
LSF
9594-1
9594-2
9594-3
967.13 1143.90 1727.14
16.02
37.64
46.77
50.19
65.91
92.86
44.7
77.3
83.9
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
1279.4
33.5
69.7
68.6
BASF
XPS (6
(30 mm)
(kW)
300
9594
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
BASF
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s
THR 600s
= 33.48 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s
mARHE
= 60.75 kW
250
9594
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BASF
BASF
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s
THR 600s
= 33.48 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s
mARHE
= 60.75 kW
100
9594
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s

THR 600s
= 33.48 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s
mARHE
= 60.75 kW
100
9594
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
40
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
120
Time (s)
BING
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
35
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
BING
36
LSF
Expanded Polystyrene Foam (EPS) (thickness 30 mm)
9595-1
9595-2
9595-3
598.11
535.14
636.40
12.68
14.15
12.79
34.55
33.18
34.47
24.4
27.7
23.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
589.9
13.2
34.1
25.3
LAPE
EPS (60
(3 mm)
(kW)
100
9595
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
LAPE
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s
THR 600s
= 13.20 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s
mARHE
= 34.01 kW
250
9595
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
LAPE
LAPE
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s
THR 600s
= 13.20 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s
mARHE
= 34.01 kW
100
9595
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 13.20 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s
mARHE
= 34.01 kW
100
9595
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
37
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Polystyrene Foam (EPS) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
38
LSF
Expanded Perlite (EPB) (thickness 30 mm)
9596-1
9596-2
9596-3
385.09
418.38
278.78
7.07
7.73
5.99
13.72
12.89
11.33
17.3
16.5
14.3
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
360.8
6.9
12.6
16.0
Peralit
Perlite (30 mm)
(kW)
50
9596
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Peralit
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s
THR 600s
= 6.93 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s
mARHE
= 12.34 kW
250
9596
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Peralit
Peralit
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s
THR 600s
= 6.93 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s
mARHE
= 12.34 kW
100
9596
90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s

THR 600s
= 6.93 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s
mARHE
= 12.34 kW
100
9596
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
39
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Perlite (EPB) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
40
LSF
Mineral Wool (MW) (thickness 40 mm)
9597-1
9597-2
9597-3
32.02
24.25
110.91
1.61
0.89
2.69
2.70
2.15
5.54
3.1
1.8
5.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
55.7
1.7
3.5
3.6
Rockwool
Mineral fiber (40

mm)
(kW)
10
9597
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
Rockwool
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 55.7 W/s
THR 600s
= 1.73 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s
mARHE
= 3.21 kW
250
9597
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Rockwool
Rockwool
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
THR 600s
= 1.73 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s
mARHE
= 3.21 kW
100
9597
90

THR 600s
= 1.73 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s
mARHE
= 3.21 kW
100
9597
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
41
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Mineral Wool (MW) (thickness 40 mm)
BING
42
LSF
Expanded Cork (ICB) (thickness 30 mm)
9598-1
9598-2
9598-3
1956.54 2030.76 976.06
14.46
15.20
11.89
38.72
37.79
25.36
41.8
38.6
25.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

mAHRE [kW]
average
1654.5
13.9
34.0
35.4
LIS
(kW)
140
Cork (30 mm)
9598
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s)
LIS
RHR 30 s average
(kW)
250
9598
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 13.85 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.13 kW
200
D
150
RHR 30s average
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
1920
Time (s)
LIS
LIS
ARHE average
(kW)
100
9598
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 13.85 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.13 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s

THR 600s
= 13.85 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s
mARHE
= 37.13 kW
9598
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
ARHE average
FIGRA t* average
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
20
10
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
43
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Cork (ICB) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
44
LSF
ANNEX C
An other example showing that the classification obtained using FIGRA as defined in standard EN
13823 and used in EN 13501, doesnt allow to evaluate the real materials level of danger, is
represented by two products recently tested.
In fact, if we consider the curves of the following materials:
alfa
and
beta
it can be observed as they have always a FIGRA in level B, but they produce a much more
important fire than some products included in BING research program.
The material alfa reaches 50 kW at 759 seconds (medium power fire), sufficiently retarded from
the fire starting in order to get a FIGRA lower than 120 W/s (limit for class B). Since the total heat
released in the first 10 minutes (THR 600s) is 11,32 MJ, higher than 7,5 MJ that is the maximum
limit for class B, the final euro-class is, in this case, C.
Even considering the other two calculation systems - mARHE and FIGRA t* - at the proposed
limits, the class would always be C.
The material beta reaches a peak of 84 kW after 1080 s, and at 900 s has already reached 40 kW,
but in this case the heat is mainly produced after the first 10 minutes of test, so, a big part of the
heat released is not considered and FIGRA remains at low levels. Also THR 600s remains below
7,5 MJ that is the limit of class B. Then, the final classification leads to class B.
If only mAHRE or FIGRA t* calculations were considered, the result would be a class D, that
should be much more appropriate.
BING
45
LSF
alfa
(kW)
250
200
RHR 30s
max 30s
t* 1200s
FIGRA = 120 W/s
FIGRA = 250 W/s
FIGRA = 750 W/s
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 110.1 W/s

Figra t* 1200s =
21.7 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.13 kW
RHR: Rate of Heat Release net (kW)
THR 600s =
THR 1200s =
11.32 MJ
19.46 MJ
49.75
759
kW max
sec
897 sec
t* at t=1500s
150
C
100
B
50
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920

Time (s)
Classification according to EN 13823: class C

ARHE average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 109.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 11.30 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 21.6 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.08 kW
alfa
90
80
E
70
60
ARHE average
ARHE = 16 kW
ARHE = 32 kW
50
ARHE = 64 kW
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
FIGRA t* average
(kW)
100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 109.9 W/s

THR 600s
= 11.30 MJ
FIGRA t* 1200s = 21.6 kJ/s
mARHE
= 20.08 kW
alfa
90
80
E
70
60
FIGRA t* average
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
20
10
0
0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
46
LSF
BING
Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels
E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com
Phone: +32 2 676 7352
Fax: +32 2 676 7479
The information contained in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but
any recommendation or suggestions which may be made are without guarantee, since the
conditions of use and the composition of source materials are beyond our control. Furthermore,
nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with
existing patents covering any material or its use.
BING Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels - Phone: +32 2 676 7352 - Fax: +32 2 676 7479 E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com

FIGRA Project On BING Technical Report Master

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FIGRA Project On BING Technical Report Master

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Research program

FIGRA (Fire Growth RAte index) according to EN 13823

RHR: Rate of Heat Release (kW)

FIGRA = 120 W/s

1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800

RHR 30s average

960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920

MAHRE (Maximum Average of Heat Emission)

ele = the trapezoidal area for each interval

marhe = max (arhe(t ) )

FIGRA based on barycentric time (t*1200)

Definition of barycentre function

MARHE and FIGRA t*

RHR 30s average

Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass

Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass

List of the tested materials:

N Test code Material description

Expanded Perlite (EPB)

Mineral Wool (MW)

Expanded Cork (ICB)

Energy produced after 10 minutes

Barycentric time, it indicates when half

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

Ordering by FIGRA 0.2MJ

2 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing

1 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

3 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

Ordering by FIGRA t* 1200s (LSF)

2 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing

1 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing

Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests

3 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)

FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)

FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

FIGRA = 250 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)

FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ

960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s

FIGRA = 120 W/s

FIGRA = 250 W/s

Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)