Nole Pioblems

Saiaool
1hls ls a collecLlon of several problems regardlng moles
emplrlcal formulas percenL composlLlon converslons from
moles Lo grams mole Lo volume grams Lo volume eLc All
work ls shown wlLh brlef explanaLlons

1l- M 8MS
How many atoms are present in 9.425 grams of Boron?
Molar mass oI Boron Irom Periodic Table 10.8 g/mol (rounded to 1 decimal place)
One mole oI boron 6.02 x 10`23 atoms
(9.425 grams) * |(1 mole oI boron)/(10.8 grams)| 0.8726851852. (do not round
intermediately)
0.8726851852. moles * |(6.02 x 10`23 atoms)/(1 mole)| 5.2536 x 10`23 moles (round to 4
sig Iigs since data given in problem has 4 sig Iigs)
How many moles of tetraphosphorus decoxide does a 250.0 g sample represent?
Molar mass oI phosphorus (P) 31.0 grams (rounded to 1 decimal place)
Molar mass oI oxygen (O) 16.0 grams (rounded to 1 decimal place)
Molar mass oI tetraphosphorus decoxide Irom the periodic table (4 * 31.0 grams) (10 * 16.0
grams) 284.0 g/mol
250 g * |(1 mole)/(284 g/mol)| 0.8803 moles (round to 4 sig Iigs since data given in problem
has 4 sig Iigs)
How do you find the empirical formula of the substance that is 80.38 bismuth, 18.46
oxygen and 1.16 hydrogen?
First convert these percentages into moles
Molar mass oI Bismuth 209.0 g/mol
80.38 Bismuth - 80.38 grams * |(1 mole)/(209.0 g/mol)| 0.3845933014... moles (do not
round intermediately)
Molar mass oI Oxygen 16.0 g/mol
18.46 Oxygen - 18.46 grams * |(1 mole)/(16.0 g/mol)| 1.15375 moles (do not round
intermediately)
Molar mass oI Hydrogen 1.0 g/mol
1.16 Hydrogen - 1.16 grams * |(1 mole)/(1.0 g/mol)| 1.16 moles (do not round
intermediately)
Divide each moles by the smallest mole conversion:
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Bismuth has the smallest amount oI moles
Bismuth - (0.3845933014... moles)/(0.3845933014... moles) 1 atoms
Oxygen - (1.15375 moles)/(0.3845933014... moles) 2.999922244 atoms
Hydrogen - (1.16 moles)/(0.3845933014... moles) 3.016173177 atoms
Formula:
Bi
1
O
2.999922244
H
3.016173177

Round to the whole numbers:
Bi
1
O
3
H
3

compound was analyzed and was found to contain the following percentages by mass:
phosphorus, 90.10; hydrogen 8.90. Determine the empirical formula of the compound.
First convert these percentages into moles
Molar mass oI Phosphorus 31.0 g/mol
90.10 Phosphorus - 90.10 grams * |(1 mole)/(31.0 g/mol)| 2.906451613... moles (do not
round intermediately)
Molar mass oI Hydrogen 1.0 g/mol
8.90 Hydrogen - 8.90 grams * |(1 mole)/(1.0 g/mol)| 8.90 moles (do not round
intermediately)
Divide each moles by the smallest mole conversion:
Phosphorus has the smallest amount oI moles
Phosphorus - (2.906451613... moles)/(2.906451613... moles) 1 atoms
Hydrogen - (8.90 moles)/(2.906451613... moles) 3.062153163 atoms
Formula:
P
1
H
3.062153163

Round to the nearest whole number:
P
1
H
3
Phosphorus Tetrahydride
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nalysis of an unknown compoud gave the following mass percentages:
17.5 Na,39.7Cr,and 42.8 0.
What is the empirical Formula?
First convert these percentages into moles
Molar mass oI Sodium 23.0 g/mol
17.5 Sodium - 17.5 grams * |(1 mole)/(23.0 g/mol)| 0.7608695652... moles (do not round
intermediately)
Molar mass oI Chromium 52.0 g/mol
39.7 Chromium - 39.7 grams * |(1 mole)/(52.0 g/mol)| 0.5711538462... moles (do not round
intermediately)
Molar mass oI Oxygen 16.0 g/mol
42.8 Oxygen - 42.8 grams * |(1 mole)/(16.0 g/mol)| 2.675 moles (do not round
intermediately)
Divide each moles by the smallest mole conversion:
Chromium has the smallest amount oI moles
Sodium - (0.7608695652... moles)/(0.5711538462... moles) 0.9966049721 atoms
Chromium - (0.5711538462... moles)/(0.5711538462... moles) 1 atom
Oxygen - (2.675 moles)/(0.5711538462... moles) 3.503778338 atoms
Formula:
Na
0.9966949721
Cr
1
O
3.503778338


Round to the nearest whole number. However, iI one oI the elements has about n and a halI
atoms, then multiply each number atoms by 2:

Na
1
Cr
1
O
3.503778338 --~
Na
2
Cr
2
O
7.007556675 --~
Na
2
Cr
2
O
7