India India

'Ivn vonc ivnn."

5,000 year old ancient ciilization 5,000 year old ancient ciilization
325 languages spoken 325 languages spoken -- 1,652 dialects 1,652 dialects
18 oicial languages 18 oicial languages
29 states, 5 union territories 29 states, 5 union territories
3.28 million sq. kilometers 3.28 million sq. kilometers -- Area Area
,516 kilometers ,516 kilometers -- Coastline Coastline
1.3 Billion population. 1.3 Billion population.
5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21
languages with a combined circulation o 142 million. languages with a combined circulation o 142 million.
GDP >56 Billion. ,GDP rate 8, GDP >56 Billion. ,GDP rate 8,
Parliamentary orm o Goernment Parliamentary orm o Goernment
\orlds largest democracy. \orlds largest democracy.
\orlds 4th largest economy. \orlds 4th largest economy.
\orld \orld--class recognition in I1, bio class recognition in I1, bio--technology and space. technology and space.
Largest Lnglish speaking nation in the world. Largest Lnglish speaking nation in the world.
33
rd rd
largest standing army orce, oer 1.5Million strong. largest standing army orce, oer 1.5Million strong.
22
nd nd
largest pool o scientists and engineers in the \orld. largest pool o scientists and engineers in the \orld.
Bharat lorge has the world's largest single-
location orging acility, its clients include
londa, 1oyota and Volo amongst others.
lero londa with 1.M motorcycles a year
is now the largest motorcycle manuacturer
in the world.
India is the 2nd largest tractor manuacturer
in the world.
India is the 5th largest commercial ehicle
manuacturer in the world.
lord has just presented its Gold \orld
Lxcellence Award to India's Cooper 1yres.
Suzuki, which makes Maruti in India has
decided to make India its manuacturing,
export and research hub outside Japan.
lyundai India is set to become the global
small car hub or the Korean giant and will
produce 25k Santros to start with.
By 2010 it is set to supply hal a million
cars to lyundai Korea. lMI and lord.
1he prestigious UK automaker, MG Roer
is marketing 100,000 Indica cars made by
1ata in Lurope, under its own name.
Aston Martin contracted prototyping its
latest luxury sports car, AM V8
Vantage, to an Indian-based designer
and is set to produce the cheapest
Aston Martin eer.
ndia: Technology Superpower
Genea-based S1Microelectronics is one o
the largest semiconductor companies to
deelop integrated circuits and sotware in
India.
1exas Instruments was the irst to open
operations in Bangalore, ollowed by
Motorola, Intel, Cadence Design Systems
and seeral others.
80 o the \orld`s 11 SLI CMM Leel-5
companies are based in India.
5 Indian companies recently receied the
globally acclaimed eming prize. 1his prize
is gien to an organization or rigorous total
quality management ,1QM, practices.
15 o the world's major Automobile makers are
obtaining components rom Indian companies.
1his business etched India >1.5 Billion in 2003,
and will reach >15 Billion by 200.
New emerging industries areas include, io-
Informatics, io-1echnology, Genomics,
Clinical Research and 1rials.
\orld-renowned 1QM expert \asutoshi \ashio
predicts that Indian manuacturing quality will
oertake that o Japan in 2013.
McKinsey beliees India's reenues rom the I1
industry will reach >8 Billion by 2008.
llextronics, the >14 billion
global major in Llectronic Manuacturing
Serices, has announced that it will make India a
global competence centre or telecom sotware
deelopment.
ndia: Trade
1ata Motors paid > 118 million to buy Daewoo
commercial ehicle Company o Korea.
Ranbaxy, the largest Indian pharmaceutical
company, gets 0 o its >1 billion reenue
rom oerseas operations and 40 rom USA.
1ata 1ea has bought 1etley o UK or _260M.
India is one o the world's largest diamond
cutting and polishing centres, its exports were
worth >6 Billion in 1999.
About 9 out o 10 diamond stones sold
anywhere in the world, pass through India.
Garment exports are expected to increase rom
the current leel o >6 billion to >25 billion by
2010.
1he country's foreign exchange reseres
stand at an all-time high o $J20 illion.
India's trade with China grew by by 104 in
2002 and in the irst 5 months o 2003, India
has amassed a surplus in trade close to >0.5M.
Mobile phones are growing by about 1.5Million
a month. Long distance rates are down by two-
thirds in ie years and by 80 or data
transmission.
al-Mart sources $J illion worth of goods
from India - hal its apparel. al-Mart
expects this to increase to $J0 illion in the
next couple of years.
GAP sources about >600 million and liliger
>100 million worth o apparel rom India.
ndia: Self-Reliance
India is among six countries that launch
satellites and do so een or Germany,
Belgium, South Korea, Singapore and LU
countries.
India's INSA1 is among the world's largest
domestic satellite communication systems.
India`s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle ,GSLV, was indigenously
manuactured with most o the components
like motor cases, inter-stages, heat shield,
cryogenic engine, electronic modules all
manuactured by public and priate Indian
industry.
Kalpana Chawla was one o the seen
astronauts in the Columbia space shuttle
when it disintegrated oer 1exas skies just 16
minutesbeore its scheduled landing on leb
1st 2003, she was the second Indian in space.
Back in 1968, India imported 9M tonnes o
ood-grains to support its people, through a
grand programme o national sel-suiciency
which started in 191, today, it now has a ood
grain surplus stock o 60M.
India is among the 3 countries in the \orld
that hae built Supercomputers on their own.
1he other two countries being USA and Japan.
India built its own Supercomputer ater the
USA denied India purchasing a Cray computer
back in 198.
India`s new PARAM Padma` 1erascale
Supercomputer ,1 1rillion processes per sec.,
is also amongst only 4 nations in the world to
hae this capability.
India is proiding aid to 11 countries, writing-
o their debt and loaning the IMl >300M.
It has also prepaid >3Billion owed to the
\orld Bank and Asian Deelopment Bank.
ndia: Pharmaceuticals
1he Indian pharmaceutical industry at >6.5 billion and growing at 8-10
annually, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical industry in the world, and is
expected to be worth >12 billion by 2008.
Its exports are oer >2 billion. India is among the top ie bulk drug makers and at
home, the local industry has edged out the Multi-National companies whose share
o 5 in the market is down to 35.
1rade o medicinal plants has crossed >900M already.
1here are J70 biotechnology companies in India, inoled in the deelopment
and manuacture o genomic drugs, whose business is growing exponentially.
$equencing genes and delivering genomic information or big
Pharmaceutical companies is the next boom industry in India.
ndia: Foreign Multi-National Companies
1op S American employers in India
General Llectric: : 1,800 employees
Hewlett-Packard : 11,000 employees
IM : 6,000 employees
American Lxpress : 4,000 employees
ell : 3,800 employees
General Llectric ,GL, with >80 Million inested in India employs 16,000 sta, 1,600 R&D sta who are
qualiied with PhD`s and Master`s degrees.
1he number o patents iled in USA by the Indian entities o some o the MNCs ,upto September,
2002, are as ollows 1exas Instruments - 225, Intel - 125, Cisco Systems - 120, IBM - 120, Phillips -
102, GL - 95.
Sta at the oices o Intel (India) has gone up rom 10 to 1,000 in 4 years,
and will reach 2000 sta by 2006.
GL's R&D centre in Bangalore is the company's largest research outit outside the United States. 1he
centre also deotes 20 o its resources on 5 to 10 year undamental research in areas such as
nanotechnology, hydrogen energy, photonics, and advanced propulsion.
It is estimated that there are 150,000 I1 proessionals in Bangalore as against 120,000 in Silicon Valley.
ndia: R&D Labs
R&D Centre HighIights
R&D Centre, Bangalore
Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working on VLS and
embedded software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip.
ndia Development Centre, Bangalore,
Hyderabad.
The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracle's largest
development centre outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on Oracle's database
products, applications, business intelligence products and application development tools, besides other
activities.
ndia Engineering Centre,
Bangalore
Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 500 people today. Does work mainly on Sun's
software which includes Solaris and Sun One.
R&D Centre,
Bangalore and Mumbai.
Established in 1988 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1,000 today. Drives nearly 60 percent of the
company's global development delivery.
Software Lab,
Bangalore, Pune.
Established in 2001. Works on all BM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and Rational. The
centre has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and business intelligence.
Labs ndia, Bangalore.
Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 1500 by the end of 2004.
That will double 3000 staff by middle of 2006. t is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside
Walldorf, Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the ndian lab.
nnovation Campus, Bangalore.
Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 895 people today, and will be further scaled up to
1,000 before the end of 2003. Works on developing software for Philips products. Almost all Philips
products that use software have some contribution from this centre. t is the largest software centre for
Philips outside Holland.
Bangalore.
Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist to double its
headcount by the beginning of 2004. s totally dedicated to high-level research on futuristic
technologies, with special focus on emerging markets.
ndia: BPO
1he domestic BPO sector is projected to increase to >4 billion in 2004 and reach
>65 billion by 2010. ,McKinsey & Co.,.
1he outsourcing includes a wide range o serices including design, architecture,
management, legal serices, accounting and drug deelopment and the Indian
BPOs are moing up in the alue chain.
1here are about 200 call centers in India with a turnoer o >2 billion and a
workorce o 150,000.
100 o the lortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China.
Cummins o USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to deelop the sophisticated
computer models needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically and
introduce 5 or 6 new engine models a year.
Business \eek o 8th December 2003 has said Qviett, bvt ritb breatbta/ivg .eea,
vaia ava it. vittiov. of rortacta.. evgiveerivg, bv.ive.. ava veaicat graavate. are becovivg
evve.bea iv .verica. ^er covov, iv ra,. vo.t of v. baret, ivagive.
iIIiam H. Gates, Chairman and Chief
Software Architect Microsoft
Corporation
(b-1955):
after the Chinese, $outh Indians are the smartest people in
the world.
ndia: Technology Superpower
Oer 100 MNCs hae set up R&D acilities in India in the past ie years.
1hese include GL, Bell Labs, Du Pont, Daimler Chrysler, Lli Lilly, Intel,
Monsanto, 1exas Instruments, Caterpillar, Cummins, GM, Microsot and IBM.
India`s telecom inrastructure between Chennai, Mumbai and Singapore,
proides the largest bandwidth capacity in the world, with well oer
8.S 1erabits (8.S1bs) per second.
\ith more than 250 uniersities, 1,500 research institutions and 10,428
higher-education institutes, India produces 200,000 engineering
graduates and another 300,000 technically trained graduates eery year.
Besides, another 2 million other graduates qualiy out in India annually.
1he Indian Institute o 1echnology ,II1, is among the top three
universities rom which McKinsey & Company, the world's biggest
consulting irm, hires most.
ndians abroad
A snapshot of Indians at the helm of leading Global businesses
1he Co-ounder o $un Microsystems ,Vinod Khosla,,
Creator o Pentium Chip ,Vinod Dahm,,
lounder and creator o Hotmail ,Sabeer Bhatia,,
Chie Lxecutie o McKinsey & Co. ,Rajat Gupta,
President and ClO o Pepsi Cola ,Indra Nooyi,
President o United Airlines ,Rono Dutta,
GM o Hewlett Packard ,Raji Gupta,
President and CLO o U$ Airways ,Rakesh Gangwal,
Chie Lxecutie o Citiank ,Victor Menezes,,
Chie Lxecuties o $tandard Chartered ank ,Rana 1alwar,
Chie Lxecutie oicer o Vodafone ,Arun Sarin,
President o A1 & 1-ell Labs ,Arun Netraali,
Vice-Chairman and ounder o Juniper Networks ,Pradeep Sindhu,
lounder o ose Audio ,Amar Bose,
lounder, chip designer Cirrus Logic ,Suhas Patil ,
Chairman and CLO o Computer Associates ,Sanjay Kumar,
lead o ,lPC \orld\ide, o Unilever Plc. ,Keki Dadiseth,
Chie Lxecutie Oicer o H$C ,Aman Mehta,
Director and member o Lxecutie Board o Goldman $achs ,Girish Reddy,
Chie Lconomist o the International Monetary Iund ,Raghuram Rajan,
lormer C1O o Novell Networks ,Kanwal Rekhi,
ndians in the USA.
O the 1.5M Indians liing in the USA, 1,5
th
o them lie in the Silicon Valley.
35 o Silicon Valley start-ups are by Indians.
Indian students are the largest in number among oreign students in USA.
Statistics that show
38 o doctors in the USA,
12 o scientists in the USA,
36 o NASA scientists,
34 o Microsot employees,
28 o IBM employees,
1 o IN1LL scientists,
13 o XLROX employees,
. are Indians.
1. India 44
2. China 9
3. Britain 5
4. Philippines 3
5. Canada 3
6. 1aiwan 2
. Japan 2
8. Germany 2
9. Pakistan 2
10. lrance 2
U$ HJ- Visa
applicants country
of origin
T = Harvard + MT + Princeton
II1 = Harvard + MI1 + Princeton , says C$ 60 Minutes'.
CBS' highly-regarded 60 Minutes`, the most widely watched news programme in the US, told its
audience o more than 10 Million iewers that II1 may be the most important university
you've never heard of."
"1he United States imports oil from $audi Arabia, cars from Japan, 1Vs from Korea and
hiskey from $cotland. So what do we import rom India \e import people, really smart
people," co-host Leslie Stahl began while introducing the segment on II1.
.the smartest, the most successul, most inluential Indians who'e migrated to the US seem to
share a common credential 1hey are graduates o the II1.`
.in science and technology, II1 undergraduates leae their American counterparts in the dust.`
1hink about that for a minute A kid rom India using an Iy League uniersity as a saety
school. 1hat's how smart these guys are.`
1here are cases where students who couldn't get into computer science at II1, they hae gotten
scholarships at MI1, at Princeton, at Caltech.`
Mahatma Gandhi
(1869-1948):
Gandhi was once asked what he thought about \estern Ciilization. lis
response was tbiv/ it rovta be a gooa iaea.
1be greatve.. of a vatiov ava it. vorat rogre.. cav be ;vagea b, tbe ra, it.
avivat. are treatea.
Yov vv.t vot to.e faitb iv bvvavit,. vvavit, i. av oceav; if a fer aro. of tbe
oceav are airt,, tbe oceav aoe. vot becove airt,.
1be ovt, aerit. iv tbi. rorta are tbo.e rvvvivg arovva iv.iae ovr orv beart., ava
tbat i. rbere att ovr battte. .bovta be fovgbt.
f att Cbri.tiav. actea ti/e Cbri.t, tbe rbote rorta rovta be Cbri.tiav.
!ovav, bota, i. tbe er.ovificatiov of .etf.acrifice, bvt vvfortvvatet, toaa, .be
aoe. vot reatie rbat trevevaov. aaravtage .be ba. orer vav.
vaiav., ritt .tagger bvvavit, ritbovt .beaaivg a aro of btooa.
.v e,e for av e,e va/e. tbe rbote rorta btiva.
$ir C.V. Raman, (J888 $ir C.V. Raman, (J888 J970) J970)
J930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics or work on scattering o light and Raman
eect.
$ir Jagdish Chandra ose, (J8S8 $ir Jagdish Chandra ose, (J8S8 J937) J937)
U$A based ILLL has proed what has been a century old suspicion amongst
academics that the pioneer o wireless-radio communication was Professor
Jagdish Chandra ose and not Guglielmo Marconi.
$atyendranath ose, (J894 $atyendranath ose, (J894- -J974) J974)
Indian Physicist, who soled one o the mysteries o quantum mechanics,
showing that in the quantum world some particles are indistinguishable. lis
collaborations with Albert Linstein led to a new branch on statistical
mechanics know commonly known as the Linstein-Bose` statistics.
$rinivasa Ramanujam,(J887 $rinivasa Ramanujam,(J887 J920): J920):
Great Indian Mathematician, whose interest rom academics at 1rinity,
College, Cambridge, led him to collaborate there and postulate and proe
well oer 3,542 theorems.
Amartya $en, (b Amartya $en, (b- -J933): J933):
J998 - 1he Nobel Prize for Lconomics or his redeining work on ethical
welare economics. Currently residing as Lamont Uniersity Proessor Lmeritus
at larard, ater stepping down rom the prestigious post o Master o 1rinity
College, Cambridge.
$ubramanyan Chandrasekhar, $ubramanyan Chandrasekhar, (J9J0 (J9J0- -J99S): J99S):
J983 Nobel Laureate in Physics. lis many contributions to physics, on the
structure and eolution o stars including rotational igures o equilibrium, stellar
interiors, black holes, radiatie transer, hydromagnetic stability, stellar dynamics.
Har Gobind Khorana, (b Har Gobind Khorana, (b- -J922 ): J922 ):
J968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine or work on interpretation o the
genetic code . Currently residing as proessor at MI1.
ndia
vaia verer ivraaea av, covvtr, iv ber
ta.t 10,000 ,ear. of bi.tor,.
t i. tbe ovt, .ociet, iv tbe rorta
rbicb ba. verer /vorv .tarer,.
vaia ra. tbe ricbe.t covvtr, ov artb vvtit tbe
tive of tbe riti.b iv tbe eart, 1tb Cevtvr,
Robert Ctire`. er.ovat reattb ava..ea frov tbe btvvaer of
evgat avrivg 1:0`. ra. e.tivatea at arovva _101,102
t ba. beev e.tivatea tbat tbe totat avovvt of trea.vre tbat tbe riti.b tootea
frov vaia baa atreaa, reacbea _1,000,000,000 ;_1ittiov) b, 101.
1a/ivg ivto cov.iaeratiov ivtere.t rate. ava ivftatiov tbi. rovta be rortb cto.e
to 1,000,000,000,000 ;11rittiov) iv reatterv. toaa,.
'eaic Ciritiatiov
vav. c ara.rati Ciritiatiov.
Ri.e of ]aivi.v ava vaabi.v
Mavr,av Perioa
Cotaev .ge of vaiav .rt. c cievce.
Mv.tiv vra.iov.
1be Mvgbat vire
Portvgve.e vra.iov
1be riti.b a.tvaia Covav,
1be riti.b vire
vaia. reeaov trvggte
vaeevaevce
Moaerv vaia 2020 'i.iov
. rief i.tor, of 1ive
ndia
W India inented the Number System.
Zero was inented by Aryabhatta. 1he
place alue system, the decimal system
was deeloped in India in 100 BC.
W Aryabhatta was the irst to explain
spherical shape, size ,diameter, rotation
and correct speed o Larth in 499 AD.
W 1he \orld's irst uniersity was
established in 1akshila in 00 BC.
Students rom all oer the \orld
studied more than 60 subjects.
W 1he Uniersity o Nalanda built in the
4th century was one o the greatest
achieements o ancient India in the
ield o education.
W $anskrit is considered the mother o all
higher languages. Sanskrit is the most
precise, and thereore suitable language
or computer sotware - a report in
Iorbes magazine, July 198.
W Ayurveda is the earliest school o medicine
known to humans. Charaka, the ather o
medicine consolidated Ayureda 2S00
years ago.
W 1oday Ayureda is ast regaining its
rightul place in ciilization.
W Christopher Columbus was attracted
India's wealth and was looking or route to
India when he discoered the American
continent by mistake.
W 1he art o Naigation was born in the rier
Sindh 6000 years ago. 1he word
Naigation` is deried rom the Sanskrit
word NAVGA1Il. 1he word nay is also
deried rom Sanskrit 'Nou'.
W In Siddhanta Siromani ,Bhuanakosam 6,
haskaracharya II described about
graity o earth about 400 years beore Sir
Isaac Newton. le also had some clear
notions on dierential calculus, and the
1heory o Continued lraction.
avgvage. of vaia
ivai
av./rit
1avit
Cv;arati
|rav
Pvv;abi
Mata,atav
evgati
Maratbi
Kov/avi
Kavvaaa
...ave.e
1etegv
Ori,a
Ra;a.tbavi
1he Ancient Vedic Hymns
#i (cvv Kvorteage of ,vv., 10,: rer.e.
1bere i. ovt, ove trvtb, ovt, vev ae.cribe it iv aifferevt ra,..
v]v (cvv Kvorteage of itvrg,, , rer.e.
vnv (cvv Kvorteage of Cta..icat Mv.ic, 1,:1 rer.e.
/,v (cvv Kvorteage of Meaicive, orer 100,000 rer.e.
+vni.nvv.
],oti.ba - ..trotog, ava ..trovov,.
Kata - Ritvat. ava egat vatter..
i/.ba - Pbovetic..
.itare,a - Creatiov of tbe |virer.e, Mav ava rotvtiov.
Cbavaog,a - Reivcarvatiov, ovt.
Kav.bita/i - Karva.
Keva - .v.terit,, !or/, ava Re.traivt.
Dbarvvr 'eaa - cievce of .rcber, ava !ar.
Mvvaa/a - Di.citive, aitb ava rarvivg of gvoravce.
vv vv - Kvorteage of Matbevatic.
ov vv Kvorteage of Meaitatiov
)vnv vv Kvorteage of ore ava e
av./rit ( )
av./rit ra. tbe cta..icat tavgvage of vaia, otaer tbav ebrer ava ativ.
t i. tbe otae.t, vo.t .cievtific, .,.tevatic tavgvage iv tbe rorta. t becave tbe tavgvage
of att cvttvrea eote iv vaia ava iv tbe covvtrie. tbat rere ivftvevcea b, vaia.
av./rit titeratt, veav. refivea or erfectea
Sanskrit word EngIish meaning Sanskrit meaning
matar
pitar
bhratar
svasar
gyaamti
trikonamiti
dvaar
ma
naman
smi
eka
mother
papa / father
brother
sister
geometry
trigonometry
door
me
name
smile
equal
'measuring the earth'
'measuring triangular forms'
'first person pronoun'
'the same'
ndia
1heory of Continued Iraction was
discoered by Bhaskaracharya II.
Indians discoered Arithmetic and
Geometric progression. Arithmetic
progression is explained in \ajureda.
Goindaswamin discoered Newton Gauss
Interpolation ormula about 1800 years
beore Newton.
Vateswaracharya discoered Newton Gauss
ackward Interpolation ormula about 1000
years beore Newton.
Parameswaracharya discoered Lhuiler`s
ormula about 400 years beore Lhuiler.
Nilakanta discoered Newton's Infinite
Geometric Progression conergent series.
Positie and Negatie numbers and their
calculations were explained irst by
rahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa
Siddhanta.
Aryabhatta also propounded the
Heliocentric theory of gravitation, thus
predating Copernicus by almost one thousand
years.
Madhavacharya discoered 1aylor series
o Sine and Cosine unction about 250
years beore 1aylor.
Madhaacharya discoered Newton Power
series.
Madhaacharya discoered Gregory
Leibnitz series or the Inerse 1angent
about 280 years beore Gregory.
Madhaacharya discoered Leibnitz power
series or pi about 300 years beore
Leibnitz.
haskaracharya calculated the time taken
by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds o
years beore the astronomer Smart. 1ime
taken by earth to orbit the sun ,5th century,
36S.2S87S6484 days
Infinity was well known or ancient
Indians. Bhaskaracharya II in
Beejaganitha,stanza-20, has gien clear
explanation with examples or ininity
1be vr,a iaabavta,
. tetboo/ ov a.trovov, of avcievt vaia,
ta.t covitea iv 1000 C, betierea to be bavaea aorv frov 000 C b, aia of
covte vvevovic recitat vetboa. .titt /vorv toaa,.
borea tbe artb. aiaveter to be ,10 vite.,
covarea to voaerv vea.vrevevt. of ,2. vite..
borea tbe ai.tavce betreev tbe artb ava tbe Moov a. 2:,000 vite.,
Covarea to voaerv vea.vrevevt. of 2:2,10 vite..
ndia
1he alue o "pi" was irst calculated
by oudhayana, and he explained
the concept o what is known as the
Pythagorean 1heorem. le discoered
this in the 6th century long beore the
Luropean mathematicians. 1his was
alidated` by British scholars in 1999.
Algebra, trigonometry and calculus
came rom India. Quadratic equations
were propounded by $ridharacharya
in the 11th century.
1he largest numbers the Greeks and
the Romans used were 106 whereas
lindus used numbers as big as 10
53
with speciic names as early as 5000
BC during the Vedic period. Len
today, the largest used number is
1era 10
12
.
Maharshi $ushruta is the ather o
surgery. 2600 years ago he and health
scientists o his time conducted
complicated surgeries like caesareans,
cataract, artiicial limbs, ractures,
urinary stones and een plastic
surgery.
Usage o anaesthesia was well
known in ancient India. Oer 125
surgical equipments were used.
Detailed knowledge o anatomy,
physiology, aetiology, embryology,
digestion, metabolism, genetics and
immunity is also ound in many texts.
\hen many cultures were only
nomadic orest dwellers oer 5000
years ago, Indians established
larappan culture in the Sindhu
Valley Ciilization.
)vviv,v Oiin o{ ^viv v. - 200 (
Kerala, South India, guardians o the origins o modern martial-arts,
inluenced by \oga and connected to the ancient Indian sciences o war
,dhanur-eda, and medicine ,ayur-eda,.
1he origin o kung-u begins with the legend o a monk named
Bodhidharma ,also known as 1a Mo, who traelled rom India to China
around 500 A.D.
%he EncycIopaedia Britannica says:
Mav vv.t bare av origivat craate tava rbevce tbe eotivg of
tbe eartb ra. brovgbt abovt b, vigratiov.
.. to vav`. craate tava, tbere bare beev vav, tbeorie. bvt tbe
reigbt of eriaevce i. iv farovr of vaoMata,.ia.
f tbere i. a covvtr, ov eartb rbicb cav ;v.tt, ctaiv tbe bovovr of barivg beev tbe
craate of tbe vvav race or at tea.t tbe .ceve of rivitire ciritiatiov, tbe .vcce..ire
aeretovevt. of rbicb carriea ivto att art. of tbe avcievt rorta ava erev be,ova, tbe
bte..ivg. of /vorteage rbicb i. tbe .ecova tife of vav, tbat covvtr, i. a..vreat, vaia.
vvc
v vaia toaa,,
re bare a taa, borv a Catbotic ;ovia Cavabi)
.teivg a.iae .o a i/b ;Mavvobav ivgb)
covta be .rorv iv b, a Mv.tiv re.iaevt ;.bavt Katav)
to teaa a vatiov tbat. 2 ivav.
aef, av,ove to cite avotber covvtr, ritb .vcb airer.it, ava
toteravce to it. otiticat teaaer.bi.
SecuIar %oIerance
Goldman Sachs Report of 1 October, 2003
"Dreaming with BRCs: The path to 2050"
India's GDP will reach > 1 trillion by 2011,
> 2 trillion by 2020,
> 3 trillion by 2025,
> 6 trillion by 2032,
> 10 trillion by 2038, and
> 2 trillion by 2050,
becoming the 3
rd
largest economy ater USA and China.
In terms o GDP, India will oertake Italy by the year 2016,
lrance by 2019, UK by 2022,
Germany by 2023, and Japan by 2032.
Progress during the last 20 years
Poverty (incidence)
1980s 1990s 2000
44% 36% 26%
Lducation (literacy rate)
1980s 1990s 2000
44% 52% 65%
Health (life expectancy)
1980s 1990s 2000
56 60 69
Source: World Bank (2003)
Ex-Prime Minister,
Sri AtaI Bihari Vajpayee
A treaty was signed on 6 January, 2004, establishing a South Asian lree
1rade Area among the seen SAARC countries ,India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Maldies, in the region.
India committed to a South Asian Union as the ultimate objectie, with
mutual security cooperation, open borders and a single currency in
Southern Asia in the long run.
1be bova. of etbvicit, ava cvttvre rbicb bota togetber tbe eote. of tbi. regiov are
vore evavrivg tbav tbe barrier. of otiticat re;vaice tbat bare beev erectea qvite
recevtt,.
..rieva., vaia i. reaa, to ao erer,tbivg tbat i. vece..ar,, to rat/ a. vav, etra
vite. a. va, be reqvirea, to va/e tbi. ri.iov a reatit,.
Dr AbduI KaIam, President of India,
father of India's space, missiIe and sateIIite programme and author
of "India 2020 Vision".
I hae three isions or India.`
J.
In 3000 years o our history people rom all oer the world hae come and inaded us,
captured our lands, conquered our minds. lrom Alexander onwards. 1he Greeks, the 1urks,
the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the lrench, the Dutch, all o them came and looted
us, took oer what was ours.
\et we hae not done this to any other nation. \e hae not conquered anyone. \e hae not
grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enorce our way o lie on them.
\hy
Because we respect the reedom o others. 1hat is why my irst ision is that o lRLLDOM.
I beliee that India got its irst ision o this in 185, when we started the war o
independence. It is this reedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. I we are not
ree, no one will respect us.
2.
My second ision or India is DLVLLOPMLN1. lor ity years we hae been a deeloping
nation. It is time we see ourseles as a deeloped nation. \e are among top 5 nations o the
world in terms o GDP. \e hae 10 growth rate in most areas. Our poerty leels are
alling. Our achieements are being globally recognized today. \et we lack the sel-
conidence to see ourseles as
a deeloped nation, sel-reliant and sel-assured.
3.
I hae a 1lIRD ision. India must stand up to the world. Because I beliee that unless
India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. \e
must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go
hand-in-hand.`
India's popuIation to be the Iargest in the worId
India is set to overtake China as the world's most populous
nation by 2050.
Indias population is expected to grow from 1.08bn to
1.63bn people, overtaking China, which is forecast to
reach 1.44bn from 1.3bn currently.
India, will also have the highest working population in the
World - 700 million people out of 1.1 billion people are
young; the young population will continue till 2050.
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