ROMAN HISTORY

A. GENERAL Textbooks of Roman History (Surveys) M. Cary and H.H. Scullard, History of Rome Down to the Reign of Constantine, 3rd ed. (New York, 1975) Ward, Heichelheim and Yeo, A History of the Roman People (Prentice-Hall, 1999) Thomas Africa, The Immense Majesty (Harlan-Davidson, 1991) Karl Christ, The Romans (University of California, 1984) I. Primary Sources Livy Bks. 31-33 (commentary: Briscoe) Polybius Bk. 6 (commentary: Walbank) Cassius Dio, Roman History Bks. 53-55 (commentary: Rich) Augustus, Res Gestae (commentary: Volkmann, Brunt/Moore, Scheid) Velleius Paterculus (commentary: Woodman) Pliny, Epistulae Bk. 10 (commentary: Sherwin-White, W. Williams) Tacitus, Histories Bk. 1 (commentary: Chilver, Heubner) Germania (commentary: Anderson, Lund, Rives) Suetonius, Claudius (commentary: Hurley) Historia Augusta, Hadrian (commentary: Benario) II. Secondary Readings

issues in

A. Issues This first group of readings is designed to provide a basic understanding of some of the more important

the history of Rome, again, through the early imperial period.

T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome. Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 Routledge 1995. pp. 1-118 [The early history of Rome, what can be known, and what not.] H.I. Flower (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004. Esp. parts 1, 2, and 3. [Some of the main issues in the history of the Republic.] William V. Harris, War and Imperialism in Republican Rome 327-70 BC. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1979. esp. pp. 1-175. [The classic, and still best, account of how Romes empire was created.] Andrew Lintott, The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1999. pp. 1- 146 & 163232. [An overview of the essential governmental structures of the Republic.] Robert Morestein-Marx, Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2004. [Was the Republic most essentially a democracy, or some form of aristocracy?] Ronald Syme, The Roman Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1939. [The classic account of Augustus.] Werner Eck, The Age of Augustus. 2nd ed. Malden: Blackwell 2007. [The best, brief, up-to-date account of Augustus.] F.G.B. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1977. pp. 1-549 [The most essential account of the imperial system of government.] Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Civilis princeps: Between Citizen and King JRS 72 (1982) 32-48. [An absolutely crucial portrayal of what it took to be a good emperor.] J.E. Lendon, Empire of Honour. The Art of Government in the Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1997. pp. 1175. [Probably the most important element in what made the imperial system of government/society work.] Matthew Roller, Constructing Authority. Aristocrats and Emperors in Julio-Claudian Rome. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2001. pp. 127-287. [An account of how people shaped for themselves an understanding of their new system of government.] Clifford Ando, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press 2000. pp. 206-412 [An attempt to see why the Roman Empire was stable, and did not collapse much sooner than it might have.] Greg Woolf, Becoming Roman. The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1998. [What did it mean to be Roman? Who were the Romans?] W. Scheidel, I. Morris, and R. Saller (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2007. Introduction. [A basic understanding of the workings of the Roman economy.] M. Peachin (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World. New York: Oxford University Press 2011. Introduction. [A general grasp of the chief issues in social history, as well as the development of this field.]

BC). London:

B. Instruments Valuable tools of research; familiarity with them is necessary for any serious scholar of Greco-

Roman Culture; the judicious employment of them is a necessity of any serious cross-(sub)disciplinary research. Sources: Papyri and Inscriptions:
Roger S. Bagnall (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology. New York: Oxford University Press 2009. Buchgesellschaft 1994. 1991. H.-A. Ruprecht, Kleine Einfhrung in die Papyruskunde. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche L. Keppie, Understanding Roman Inscriptions. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press J. Bodel (ed.), Epigraphic Evidence. Ancient History from Inscriptions. London: Routledge 2001.

Some Basic Reference Tools:

T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. 3 vols. Cleveland: Case Western 1951-86. Dietmar Kienast, Rmische Kaisertabelle. Grundzge einer rmischen Kaiserchronologie . 2nd Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1996. Prosopographia Imperii Romani. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1933-. The second edition of this work has now gone as far as gentilicia beginning with the letter T. Otherwise, there is the first edition. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire [AD 260-641]. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1971-92 S.B. Platner & T. Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1929. E. M. Steinby (ed.), Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae 6 vols. Rome: Edizioni Quasar 1993-. R.J.A. Talbert (ed.), Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000. ed. Darmstadt:

III. Modern Scholarship: terrains and trajectories of the field; overviews of current questions; novel approaches; issues of debate and their reasons; points of contention and the evidence on which they hinge; intellectual frameworks; theories and their applications; problems, problematics, and investigative procedures and purposes. Overviews Alfldi, Geza. The Social History of Rome (1985, or reprinted 1988), or if you prefer, read the original German: Rmische Sozialgeschichte, 1975). A good overview of the shape of Roman social history as a discipline, and the kinds of questions social historians ask. Brunt, P. A. 1971. Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic, or, read the later remake of this project, the long chapter in Brunts The fall of the Roman Republic and related essays, 1988) A groundbreaking analysis of the interrelation of the following aspects of Roman society: agrarian economics, slaveholding, warfare, the demographics of the army, elite values, and the rise of dominant warlords in the late republic. (This account, widely accepted for a generation, is now being challenged: see Rosenstein and Scheidel below.) Garnsey, Peter, and Richard Saller. 1987. The Roman Empire : economy, society, and culture. A series of essays offering overviews of particular problems in (as the title suggests) the economy, society, and culture of the early empire. Well worth looking at, especially if you are interested in one of the particular topics on which they write. Scullard, H. H. From the Gracchi to Nero. 3rd edn, 1970. This book provides a good overview of What Happened between about B.C. 140 and A.D. 70, and the notes in the 3rd edition do an excellent job of indicating the sources for each period and question. But beware: Scullards historical interpretations are extremely oldfashioned (in fact, completely obsolete in many respects), and one should read Brunt and Alfldi for more modern framings and analyses of key questions. Specific Periods of the classical Brown, Peter. 1978. The Making of Late Antiquity. A fundamental (and blessedly brief) analysis of the end world and its metamorphosis into something else.

Cornell, T. J. 1995. The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the bronze age to the Punic Wars, c. at least a few chapters, especially at the beginning of the book, to get a sense of the problems historians face, and the nature of the evidence they have, in dealing with early Rome.

1000-263 B.C. Read

Specific Topics or Approaches Bradley, Keith R. look at EITHER Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire: a study in Social Control (1987) OR Slavery and society at Rome (1994). Fundamental surveys of slavery as a social, economic, and ideological institution in the Roman world. Both are short books, and highly readable. Flower, Harriet. 1996. Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture. Already something of a classic, this book exemplifies the emerging cultural approach to Roman history: the investigation of cultural systems, i.e. social practices and beliefs/values/ideologies as they are interlinked and as they mutually affect one another. Gardner, J. F. 1986. Women in Roman Law and Society. The title is perfectly descriptive: this is an overview of the actualities of womens existence in Rome, and also of the corpus of law expressly dealing with women. This book, besides being interesting and useful, exemplifies the products of the womens history movement of the 1970s and 1980s, which in turn emerged from the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s. In recent years, this

movement has broadened and moved on to investigate larger issues of gender and sexuality in the ancient world (see on Williams below). Hopkins, Keith. 1983. Death and Renewal. Look especially at the middle two chapters, a groundbreaking and extremely influential application of statistical and demographic methods to certain historical problems. Kraus, C. S., and A. Woodman. 1997. Latin Historians. A brief overview of recent approaches to Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus as historical sources and literary artists, with a few other prose historians also getting brief mention. Millar, Fergus. 1998. The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic. Millars latest book has stirred up a huge debate about the degree to which the Republican system, especially in the late republic, was democratic. In so doing, he has revivified the whole field of Roman constitutional history, which had almost completely withered away for lack of new ideas. See also Mouritsen below. Millars work on Mouritsen, Henrik. 2001. Plebs and politics in the late Roman republic. A response, and a corrective, to Roman democracy.

Rosenstein, Nathan. 2004. Rome at War: Farms, Families, and Death in the Middle Republic. A cogent critique of the consensus represented by Brunts work, and a thorough rethinking of the interrelationships among small freeholding, villa agriculture, military service, and the decline of the republic. See also Scheidel. different Scheidel, Walter. 2005. Human Mobility in Roman Italy II: The Slave Population. JRS 95 (2005) 64-79. A approach from Rosensteins but with conclusions tending in the same general direction.

Syme, Ronald. 1939. The Roman Revolution. Look at Chs. 1-3, 11, 25-33. A great classic, this book with its prosopographical approach to Roman elite politics shaped scholarship in Roman history for two generations. While the field has assimilated the fruits of this approach and largely moved on to other questions and methods, it is still important to sample Symes work. See also Wallace-Hadrill below. Wallace-Hadrill, A. 1997. Mutatio morum: the idea of a cultural revolution. In T. Habinek and A. Schiesaro, eds., The Roman Cultural Revolution. Yes, this collection is explicitly in response to Symes book, and seeks to rethink and reassess some of Symes central concerns by way of methods and approaches to Roman history that have emerged since 1939, and especially in light of recent cultural-historical approaches (see on Flower above). WallaceHadrills piece is a stimulating part of this effort. (You might also read the editors Introduction to the whole collection, for their discussion of Syme and his reception over the years.) Williams, Craig A. 1999. Roman homosexuality: ideologies of masculinity in classical antiquity. A thorough survey and discussion of Roman practices and ideologies of sex, sexuality, and gender. This book exemplifies a slew of recent studies in ancient ideologies of gender, and especially of manhood. Since the mid-1990s the Roman manthe vir and his virtushas been completely rediscovered and reinvented in light of the (re)discovery of the Roman woman over the past 20 years (see on Gardner above). Woolf, Greg. 1998. Becoming Roman: the origins of provincial civilization in Gaul. How and why Romanization occurred in areas of the Roman world outside of Latium proper, and indeed what Romanization itself means, is a hot topic in Roman history just now. This book is just one recent intervention in the debate. ALSO: An emerging subfield of ancient history of the past decade is the history of emotions, which turn out to be historically and culturally determined. To get a sense of how one might do the history of a (Roman) emotion, look at any one of the following three volumes: (1) S. Braund and D. Gill, eds., 1997. The passions in Roman Thought and literature. Cambridge. (2) W. V. Harris. 2001. Restraining rage: the ideology of anger control in classical antiquity. Harvard. (3) R. A. Kaster. 2005. Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome. Oxford.

B. THE REPUBLIC (those marked with an * are the most accessible) I. The Early Republic - 70 B.C.

A. The Period before the Lex Hortensia 1) E. Gjerstad, Legends and Facts of Early Roman History (Lund: Gleerup, 1961)
2) *Livy, Books I-V (Penguin) 3) T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (Routledge, 1995) 4) Jean-Michel David, Roman Conquest of Italy (Blackwell, 1994) 5) Gary Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (University of California Press, 2005)

B. From the Lex Hortensia to 70 B.C. 1) M. Gelzer, The Roman Nobility (Blackwell, 1969) 2) E. Badian, Foreign Clientele (Oxford, 1958) OR E. Gruen, Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome (Cambridge, 1968) OR *E. Badian, Publicans and Sinners (Cornell, 1972) 3) *William Harris, War & Imperialism in Republican Rome: 327-70 B.C. Oxford 1985 OR A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Foreign Policy in the East University of Oklahoma, 1984 4) *Erich Gruen, Studies in Greek Culture and Roman Policy. Univ. of California,1996 OR Alan Astin, Cato the Censor (Oxford, 1978)
II. 70 B.C. - A.D. 14 Scullard, H.H. From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome from 133 B.C. to A.D. 68. 4th ed. London Josiah Osgood, Caesar's Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire (Cambridge, 2006) a. *R. Syme, The Roman Revolution (Oxford, 1960)

b. *L.R. Taylor, Party Politics in the Age of Caesar (Berkeley, 1964) c. *Sallust, Catilinarian Conspiracy (Penguin) OR *Cicero, Selected Works (Penguin) d. *E. Badian, Roman Imperialism in the Late Republic (Cornell Univ. Press, 1968) OR Mary Beard, Rome in the Late Republic (Cornell University Press, 1985) OR A.J. Langguth, A Noise of War (Simon and Schuster, 1994) OR Arthur Keaveney, The Army in the Roman Revolution Routledge, 2007 OR Rome & the Unification of Italy Croom Helm, 1987 OR Fergus Millar,The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic. Michigan 1998 e. BIOGRAPHY: Thomas Carney, Biography of C. Marius (Proc. African Classical Association, 1981) M.L. Clarke, The Noblest RomanMarcus Brutus (Thames & Hudson, 1981) *Manfred Fuhrman, Cicero and the Roman Republic (Blackwell, 1990) Matthias Gelzer, Caesar (Harvard, 1968) Christian Habicht, Cicero the Politician (Johns Hopkins, 1990) Richard Holland, Augustus (Sutton, 2004) *Arthur Keaveney, Sulla (Croom Helm. 1986) *John Leach, Pompey the Great (Croom Helm, 1986) Christian Meier, Caesar (Basic Books, 1982) Robin Seager, Pompey (California, 1979) Philip Spann, Quintus Sertorius (U. Arkansas, 1987) Jeffrey Tatum, The Patrician Tribune P. Clodius Pulcher (Univ. of N. Carolina, 1999) Allen Ward, Marcus Crassus and the Late Roman Republic (Missouri, 1977) *Neal Wood, Cicero's Social and Political Thought (California, 1988) III. Roman Republic: Political and Military History

A. Primary Livy Histories, Books 5, 6, 20, 21, 37, 39 Polybius Histories, Books 1-6 Caesar Civil Wars Appian, Civil Wars Cicero, Verrine Orations Cicero, Catilinarian Orations Sallust, Catiline and Iugurtha Plutarch, Lives of Coriolanus, Fabius Maximus, Marcellus, Cato the Elder, Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus, Sertorius, Brutus, Mark Antony B. Textbook: read chapters 1-8 from the following: M.T. Boatwright, D. Gargola, R. Talbert The Romans: From Village to Empire (Oxford, 2004) C. Secondary
A.E. Astin et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 8, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1989). E. Badian, Foreign Clientelae (Oxford, 1958). P. A. Brunt, The Fall of the Roman Republic (Oxford 1988). J.A. Crook et al. eds. The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 9, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1994). H. Flower The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (Cambridge, 2004) E. Gruen The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (Berkeley, 1984). A. Lintott The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford, 1999) F. Millar The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic (Berkeley, 1998) T. Mommsen, The History of Rome, Vol. 1, trans. W. Dickson (Cambridge, 2010). R. Syme The Roman Revolution (Oxford, 1939).

C. THE EMPIRE I. General *Richard Alston, Aspects of Roman History (Routledge, 1998) *Peter Garnsey, Richard Saller, The Roman Empire: Economy, Society, and Culture (Univ. of California 1987) John Wacher, The Roman Empire (Barnes and Noble, 1987) Colin Wells, The Roman Empire (Stanford University Press, 1984) II. The Julio-Claudian Age # Zanker, P. Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Trans. A. Shapiro. Ann Arbor Ramsay MacMullan, Romanization in the Time of Augustus (Yale University Press, 2000) OR *Josiah Osgood, Caesar's Legacy (Cambridge, 2006) a. *R. Syme, The Roman Revolution (Oxford, 1960) OR *F. Millar & E. Segal, eds., Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects (Oxford, 1985) OR *Robert Gurval, Actium and Augustus (University of Michigan Press, 1998)

b. *Tacitus, Annals (Penguin) c. *Petronius, The Satyricon (Mentor) d. IMPERIAL BIOGRAPHY Anthony Barrett, Agrippina (Yale University Press, 1996) Caligula (Yale, 1989) Anthony Everitt, Hadrian and the Triumph of Rome (Random House, 2009) Arthur Ferrill, Caligula (Thames & Hudson, 1991) John Grainger, Nerva (Routledge, 2004) Michael Grant, Nero (Dorsett, 1970) Miriam Griffin, Nero (Yale, 1985) Barbara Levick, Claudius (Yale, 1990) *Tiberius the Politician (Croom Helm, 1976) Pat Southern, Augustus (Routledge, 1998) Elizabeth Speller, Following Hadrian (Oxford, 2003) III. The Later Empire a. *E. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Viking Portable) b. *Pliny, Letters of the Younger Pliny (Penguin) c. *Juvenal, The Satires of Juvenal (Mentor) d. BIOGRAPHY: Julian Bennett, Trajan Indiana University Press, 1997) Anthony Birley, Hadrian (Routledge, 1997) Marcus Aurelius (Yale, 1987) Septimius Severus (Doubleday, 1972) Michael Grant, The Antonines (Routledge, 1994) The Severans (Routledge, 1996) Barbara Levick, Vespasian (Routledge, 1999) Pat Southern, Domitian (Routledge, 1997) IV. Roman Empire: Political and Military History

A. Primary Tacitus, Annals, Books 1-4 Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars Historia Augusta Dio Cassius, Roman History, Books 50-56 Herodian, History of the Roman Empire B. Textbook: chapters 9-13 from:
M.T. Boatwright, D. Gargola, R. Talbert The Romans: From Village to Empire (Oxford, 2004)

C. Secondary C. Ando, Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire (Berkeley, 2000) A.K. Bowman et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 10, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1995). The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 2008). The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 12, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 2008). P.A. Brunt, Roman Imperial Themes (Oxford, 1990). E. Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire chapters 1-16. F. Millar, The Emperor in the Roman World (Ithaca, 1977). D. Potter, The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395 (New York, 2004) R. Syme, Tacitus (Oxford, 1958).

D. ROMAN PROVINCES AND FRONTIERS I. Provinces Leonard Curchin, Roman Spain (Barnes and Noble, 1991) S. Keay, Roman Spain (University of California, 1988) Susan Raven, Rome in Africa (Routledge, 1984) II. Frontiers and Barbarian Thomas Burns, Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C.-A.D. 400 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003)

*Stephen Drummond & Lynn Nelson, Western Frontiers of Imperial Rome (Sharpe, 1994) *Stephen Dyson, Creation of the Roman Frontier (Princeton, 1985) Hugh Elton, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Indiana University, 1996) *Benjamin Isaac, The Limits of Empire (Oxford, 1990) Susan Mattern, Rome and the Enemy (University of California Press, 1999) Fergus Millar, Roman Empire and its Neighbors (Holmes and Meier, 1981) C. R. Whittaker, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Johns Hopkins, 1994) Derek Williams, The Reach of Rome (St. Martin's, 1996) III. Provinces

A. Primary

N. Lewis and M. Reinhold (eds.), Roman Civilization 3rd ed. (New York, 1990) Vol. II, ch. 4. Josephus, Jewish Wars Pliny the Younger, Letters, Book 10 Aelius Aristides, Oration to Rome Dio Chrysostom, Orations Apuleius, The Golden Ass A. K. Bowman and J. D. Thomas, The Vindolanda Writing Tablets (Tabulae Vindolandenses II) (London 1994). J. Reynolds Aphrodisias and Rome (London, 1989).

B. Secondary S. Alcock, Graecia Capta: The Landscapes of Roman Greece (Cambridge, 1993). A. Bowman, Egypt After the Pharaohs (Berkeley, 1986). A.H.M. Jones, The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces (Oxford, 1971). M. Kulikowski, Late Roman Spain and its Cities (Baltimore, 2004) F. Millar, The Roman Near East 31 BC - AD 337 (Cambridge, 1993). S. Mitchell, Anatolia (Oxford, 1993). A. Mocsy, Pannonia and Upper Moesia (London, 1974). P. Salway, The Oxford Illustrated History of Roman Britain (Oxford, 1994). M. Sartre, The Middle East Under Rome (Cambridge, MA, 2005) G. Woolf, Becoming Roman. The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul (Cambridge, 1998).

E. ROMAN SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL LIFE

I. The Rise of Christianity Stephen Benko, Pagan Rome and the Early Christians (Indiana, 1984) G. W. Bowersock, Martyrdom and Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1995) *Pierre Chuvin, A Chronicle of the Last Pagans (Harvard University Press, 1990) R. MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire (Yale, 1984) Marta Sordi, The Christians and the Roman Empire (Oklahoma, 1987) R. Wilken, The Christians as the Romans Saw Them (Yale, 1984) II. The Family and Social Relations Geza Alfoldi, Social History of Rome (Johns Hopkins, 1988) J.P. V.D. Balsdon, Roman Women (Barnes and Noble, 1983) R. H. Barrow, Slavery in the Roman Empire (Methuen, 1968) Carlin Barton, Roman Honor (University of California Press, 2001) Sorrows of the Ancient Romans (Princeton University Press, 1993) Richard Bauman, Women and Politics in Ancient Rome (Routledge, 1992) Richard Beacham, Spectacle Entertainments of Early Imperial Rome (Yale University Press, 1999) Stanley Bonner, Education in Ancient Rome (California, 1977) *Keith Bradley, Discovering the Roman Family (Oxford, 1991) Slavery and Rebellion in the Roman World (Indiana Univ.Press, 1989) Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1987) Slavery and Society at Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1994) P. A. Brunt, Social Conflicts in the Roman Republic (Norton, 1971) Andrew Dalby, Empire of Pleasures (Routledge, 2000) Suzanne Dixon, The Roman Family (Johns Hopkins, 1992) Florence DuPont, Daily Life in Ancient Rome (Blackwell, 1989) Alison Futrell, Blood in the Arena (University of Texas Press, 1997) Donald Kyle, Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome (Routledge, 1998) Paul Plass, The Game of Death in Ancient Rome (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1995) Sarah Pomeroy, The Murder of Regilla: A Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity (Harvard University Press, 2007) *D. S. Potter, Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire. University of Michigan,1999 Beryl Rawson, The Family in Ancient Rome (Cornell, 1986) O. F. Robinson, Ancient Rome: City Planning & Administration (Routledge, 1994) Richard Saller, Patriarchy, Property and death in the Roman Family (Cambridge, 1994) Thomas Weideman, Emperors and Gladiators (Routledge, 1992) # Fantham, E., et al., eds. Women in the Classical World. Oxford 1994 # Finley, M. I. The Ancient Economy. Berkeley 1973 # Hopkins, K., Conquerors and Slaves. Cambridge # Luttwak, E.N. The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third. Baltimore and London # Nicolet, C., World of the Citizen in Republican Rome. Berkeley. # Raaflaub, K. and Toher, M. Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and His Principate. Berkeley. III. Social and Economic History

A. Primary

Pliny the Younger, Letters, Books 1-9 Cato, On Agriculture and Varro, On Farming P.G. Walsh, M. Tullius Cicero: Correspondence, English Selections (Oxford, 2008). Petronius, Satyricon Apuleius, The Golden Ass Seneca, Letters M. Fant and M. Lefkowitz, Women in Greece and Rome 2nd ed. (London, 1982).

B. Secondary

R. Duncan Jones The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies (Cambridge, 1974). K.R. Bradley Slavery and Society at Rome (Cambridge, 1994). S. Dixon, Reading Roman Women: Sources, Genres and Real Life (London, 2001) J. Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (London, 1986). P. Garnsey and R. Saller The Roman Empire. Economy, Society and Culture (Berkeley, 1987). K. Hopkins Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1977). P. Horden and N. Purcell The Corrupting Sea, A Study of Mediterranean History (Oxford, 2000) R. Saller Patriarchy, Property, and Death in the Roman Family (Cambridge, 1994). W. Scheidel et al. eds. The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco Roman World (Cambridge, 2008) S. Treggiari Roman Marriage (Oxford, 1991). P. Veyne Bread and Circuses (London, 1990). IV. Roman Law

A. Primary Gaius Institutes or Justinian Institutes B. Textbook

P. DuPlessi Borkowskis Textbook on Roman Law, 4th ed. (Oxford, 2010).

C. Secondary

E. J. Champlin Final Judgments: Duty and Emotion in Roman Wills, 200 B.C.-A.D. 250 (Princeton, 1989). J.A. Crook Legal Advocacy in the Roman World (Ithaca, 1995).

Law and Life in Republican Rome (Ithaca, 1967). J.F. Gardner Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life (Oxford, 1998) A. Riggsby Crime and Community in Ciceronian Rome (Austin, 1999). A. Watson Roman Slave Law (Baltimore, 1987). International Law in Archaic Rome: War and Religion (Baltimore, 1993).

V. Cultural History and Education

A. Primary Cicero, On the Orator Suetonius Lives of the Grammarians and Rhetors Quintilian, The Orators Education Seneca the Elder, Declamations Eunapius, Lives of the Sophists Macrobius, Saturnalia M. Joyal, I. McDougall, J. Yardley Greek and Roman Education: A sourcebook (New York, 2009) B. Secondary
(Ann Arbor, 1990). S. F. Bonner, Education in Ancient Rome (Berkeley, 1977). G. Bowersock, Hellenism in Late Antiquity R. Cribiore, Gymnastics of the Mind (Princeton, 2001). E. Gruen, Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome (Ithaca, 1992). W.A. Johnson and H.N. Parker, eds. Ancient literacies : the culture of reading in Greece and Rome (Oxford H.I. Marrou, A History of Education in Antiquity (Madison, 1956). R.A. Kaster, Guardians of Language (Berkeley, 1988). Emotion, restraint, and community in ancient Rome (Oxford, 2005) E. Rawson, Roman Culture and Society (Oxford, 1991) Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic (Baltimore, 1985). A. Wallace-Haddrill, Romes Cultural Revolution (Cambridge, 2008). VI. Roman Thought (Science, Religion, Philosophy)

2009)

A. Primary Sources
Cicero: De natura deorum 1, Tusculan Disputations Lucretius: De rerum natura 1, 5 Seneca: Brad Inwood, Selected Philosophical Letters (Oxford University Press, 2007) Mary Beard, John North, and Simon Price, Religions of Rome, vol. 2: A Sourcebook (Cambridge University Press, 1998)

B. Secondary Sources
Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield, The Cambridge History of Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2000) A. A. Long, Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics (2nd ed., University of California Press, 1986) John Scarborough, Roman Medicine (Cornell University Press, 1970) Mary Beard, John North, and Simon Price, Religions of Rome, vol. 1: A History (Cambridge University Press, 1998)

C. Classic Modern Approaches

Bruno Snell, The Discovery of the Mind (trans. Thomas Rosenmeyer, Harpers,1953) E.R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (University of California Press, 1951) Terence Irwin, Classical Thought: A History of Ancient Philosophy vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 1989)

F. LATE ANTIQUITY I. The Late Empire Peter Brown, The Making of Late Antiquity. Harvard 1978 Thomas Burns, Barbarians Within the Gates of Rome (Indiana University Press, 1994) *Averil Cameron, Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity (Routledge, 1993) The Later Roman Empire (Harvard University Press, 1993) Michael Grant, From Rome to Byzantium (Routledge, 1998) *John Moorhead, The Roman Empire Divided (Longman, 2001) *David Potter, The Empire at Bay (Routledge, 2004) Derek Williams, Romans and Barbarians (St. Martin's Press, 1998) II. Late Imperial Biographies Timothy Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Harvard, 1981) G. W. Bowersock, Julian the Apostate (Harvard, 1978) H.A. Drake, Constantine and the Bishops (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000) Maria Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria (Harvard, 1995) Michael Grant, Constantine the Great (Scribner's Sons, 1993) Steven Williams, Diocletian (Methuen, 1985) Theodosius (Yale University Press, 1994) III. Late Antiquity

A. Primary
Ammianus Marcellinus, Histories Procopius, Secret History Augustine, Confessions Symmachus, Relationes Eusebius, Life of Constantine Socrates Scholasticus, History of the Church A.D. Lee, Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (London, 2000)

B. Secondary
P. Brown, The World of Late Antiquity (London, 1981).

The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, 2nd ed. (Malden, MA, 2003) J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire (New York, 1958). A. Cameron et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 13, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1998). The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 14, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 2008). G. Fowden, From Empire to Commonwealth (Princeton, 1994). W. Goffart, Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire (Philadelphia 2006) P. Heather, Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe (Oxford, 2010). J. Matthews, The Roman Empire of Ammianus (Baltimore, 1989). B. Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford, 2005).

G. THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE Arthur Ferrill, Fall of the Roman Empire (Thames & Hudson, 1986) Peter Heather, The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (Oxford University Press, 2006) Ramsay MacMullen, Corruption and the Decline of Rome (Yale, 1988) Aldo Schiavone, The End of the Past (Harvard University Press, 2000) Bryan Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (Oxford University Press, 2005) Stephen Williams, The Rome the Did Not Fall (Routledge, 1999)

H. THE ROMAN ARMY Primary Polybius, Histories book 6 Caesar, Gallic Wars Anonymous, De rebus bellicis Frontinus, Stratagemata Vegetius, De re militari Secondary A. Birley, The Roman Army Papers, 1929-1986 (Amsterdam, 1986). A. K Bowman, Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier (London, 1994). J.B. Campbell, The Emperor and the Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 235 (Oxford, 1984). H. Elton, Warfare in Roman Europe, AD 350-425 (Oxford, 1996). E. Gabba, Republican Rome, the Army, and the Allies (Berkeley, 1976). A. Goldsworthy, The Roman Army at War, 100 BC-AD 200 (Oxford, 1996). L. Keppie, The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire (Totowa, 1984). J.E. Lendon, Soldiers and Ghosts: A History of Battle in Classical Antiquity (New Haven, 2005). E. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (Baltimore, 1976). M. Speidel, Roman Army Studies (Amsterdam, 1984). C.R. Whittaker, Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Baltimore, 1994).

ROMAN LITERATURE
The Oxford Classical Dictionary (3rd edition, 1996): The OCD gives much in small measures. The bibliographies are, as you can see, fifteen years behind the times but, given the rather conservative nature of Classical scholarship, I suppose there are more severe deficiencies from which it could suffer. Biagio Conte, Latin Literature: a History (Baltimore: JHU press, 1994) Cambridge History of Classical Literature vol.2, ed. E. J. Kenney and W. V. Clausen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982) : Contes book is standard reading material in many graduate programs; standard in two senses of the word: it provides the requisite minimum of information for a basic but thorough grounding in Latin Literature, and its interpretations are concise in volume and conservative in judgment. CHCL is an edited volume of essays written by experts on a particular author, period, genre, etc. As such, what it lacks in narrative coherence, it makes up for with expert idiom. Oxford, Cambridge, Brill, and Blackwell History ofs, Handbooks, and Companions: Most are helpful by themselves but a few are especially useful for the bibliographies. A few less basic but standard secondary readings in Greco-Roman Literature: Shadi Bartsch, Actors in the Audience (1994) Mary Beard, A complex of times: no more sheep on Romulus' birthday, PCPS 33 (1987) 1-15 Jas Elsner, Ekphrasis and the gaze from Roman poetry to domestic wall painting, in Roman Eyes: Visuality and Subjectivity in Art and Text (2007) Denis Feeney, Literature and Religion at Rome (1998) Don Fowler, Postmodernism and Romantic irony,On the shoulders of giants, in Roman Constructions: Readings in Postmodern Latin (2000) Maud Gleason, Making Men (1995) Anthony Grafton, How Guillaume Bud read his Homer, in Commerce with the Classics (1987), 135-83 Stephen Greenblatt, Towards a poetics of culture, in The New Historicism, ed. H. Aram Veeser (1989), 1-14 Erich Gruen, The appeal of Hellas, in Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome (1992), 223-271 Thomas Habinek, The invention of Latin literature, in The Politics of Latin Literature (1998), 34-68 Malcolm Heath, Unity in Greek Poetics (1989) Stephen Hinds, Allusion and Intertext (1998)

and

W.R. Johnson, Darkness Visible (1976) Robert Kaster, ch. 1, Guardians of Language (1988) Andrew Laird, ch. 1, Powers of Expression, Expressions of Power (2000) Michele Lowrie, chs 1, 3 and 4 of Writing, Performance, and Authority in Augustan Rome (2009) John Marincola, Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography (1997) Charles Martindale (ed.), chs 1 and 4 of Latin Poetry and the Judgment of Taste(2005) Amy Richlin, The Garden of Priapus (1992) Donald Russell, Criticism in Antiquity (1981) Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Mutatio morum: the idea of a cultural revolution, in The Roman Cultural Revolution, ed. Habinek Schiesaro (1997) Gordon Williams, Tradition and Originality in Roman Poetry (1968) John J. Winkler, Actor and Auctor (1985) A. J. Woodman, chs 2 and 4 of Rhetoric in Classical Historiography (1987)

A. HISTORY OF SCHOLARSHIP L. D. Reynolds and N. G. Wilson, Scribes and Scholars (1974) Rudolf Pfeiffer, History of Classical Scholarship vols. 1 and 2 (1968) B. GENERAL READINGS
FRENCH

Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft: Romische Literatur (Frankfurt, 1974) E.J. Kenney and W.V. Clausen (edd.), The Cambridge History of Classical Literature II: Latin Literature (Cambridge, 1982) R.E. Fantham, Roman Literary Culture from Cicero to Apuleius (Baltimore, 1996) T. Habinek, The politics of Latin Literature (Princeton, 1998) Gregory Castle, Blackwell Guide to Literary Theory (2007) Gian Biagio Conte, Latin Literature (1994) Terry Eagleton, Introduction to Literary Theory Stephen Harrison, Companion to Latin Literature (2005)
GERMAN M.Fuhrmann,

H. Bardon, La Litterature latine inconnue (Paris, 1952)

C. THEATER G.E. Duckworth, The Nature of Roman Comedy; A Study in Popular Entertainment (Princeton, 1952) ITALIAN E. Fraenkel, Elementi plautini in Plauto (Florence, 1960) H.D. Jocelyn, The Tragedies of Ennius (Cambridge, 1967) A.S. Gratwick, CHCL 77-137 A.J. Boyle, ed. Seneca Tragicus: RAMUS Essays on Senecan Drama (Berwick, Victoria, 1983) R.C. Beacham, The Roman Theatre and its Audience (London, 1991) D. EPIC R. Heinze, Virgils epische Technik (Leipzig and Berlin, 1915; repr. Darmstadt, 1957) W.R. Johnson, Darkness Visible (Berkeley, 1976) A.S. Gratwick, CHCL 60-76 O. Stuysch, The Annals of Quintus Ennius (Oxford, 1985) P.R. Hardie, Cosmos and Imperium (Oxford, 1986) J.B. Solodow, The World of Ovid's Metamorphoses (Chapel Hill, 1988) D.C. Freeney, Gods in Epic (Oxford, 1991) A.J.Boyle (ed.), Roman Epic (London, 1993)
GERMAN

E. DIDACTIC F. Klinger, Virgils Georgica (Zurich, 1963) D. West, The Imagery and Poetry of Lucretius (Edinburgh, 1969)
GERMAN

F. LYRIC AND ELEGY L.P. Wilkinson, Ovid Recalled (Cambridge, 1955) E. Fraenkel, Horace (Oxford, 1957) GERMAN W. Wimmel, Kallimachos in Rom (Wiesbaden, 1960) L.P. Wilkinson, Golden Latin Artistry (Cambridge, 1963) S. Commager, The Odes of Horace (Bloomington, 1967) GERMAN M. von Albrecht and E. Zinn (edd.), Ovid (Darmstadt, 1968) G. Williams, Tradition and Originality in Roman Poetry (Oxford, 1968) GERMAN H.P. Syndikus, Die Lyrik des Horaz (Darmstadt, 1972-3) M. Hubbard, Propertius (London, 1974) F.Cairns, Tibullus: A Hellenistic Poet at Rome (Cambridge, 1979) R.O.A.M. Lyne, The Latin Love Poets (Oxford, 1980) GERMAN H.P. Syndikus, Catull: Eine Interpretation (Darmstadt, 1984-5) D.F. Kennedy, The Arts of Love: Five Studies in the Discourse of Roman Love Elegy (Cambridge, 1993) S.E. Hinds, Allusion and Intertext (Cambridge, 1998) G. HISTORIOGRAPHY F.E. Adcock, Caesar as Man of Letters (Cambridge, 1956) P.G. Walsh, Livy: His Historical Aims and Methods (Cambridge, 1961) A.D. Leeman, Orations Ratio (Amsterdam, 1963) R. Syme, Sallust (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964) T.A. Dorey (ed.), Latin Historians (London, 1966)

T.J. Luce, Livy: The Composition of his History (Princeton, 1977) R. Martin, Tacitus (Berkeley, 1981) A.J. Woodman, Rhetoric in Classical Historiography: Four Studies (London and Sydney, 1988) J. Marincola, Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography (Cambridge, 1997) H. RHETORIC D.R. Shackleton Bailey, Cicero (London, 1971) G.A. Kennedy, The Art of Rhetoric in the Roman World, 300B.C.-300A.D. (Princeton, 1972) S. Bartsch, Actors in the Audience (Harvard, 1994) I. SATIRE G. Highet, Juvenal the Satirist (Oxford, 1954) J.P. Sullican (ed.), Satire (London, 1963) N. Rudd, The Satires of Horace (Cambridge, 1966) M. Coffey, Roman Satire (London, 1976) J. THE NOVEL J.P. Sullican, The Satyricon of Petronius (Ann Arbor, 1968) J. Winkler, Auctor and Actor: A Narratological Reading of Apuleius' "Golden Ass" (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1985) E.J. Kenney (ed.), Cupid and Psyche (Cambridge, 1991)

GREEK HISTORY
I. GENERAL READING Overviews: B.B. Powell and I. Morris, The Greeks (Prentiss Hall, 2005) R. Osborne, Greece in the Making: 1200-479 BC (London and New York, 1996, 2nd ed., 2009) S.B. Pomeroy, S.M. Burnstein, W. Donlan, J. Tolbert Roberts, Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History (New York, 1999) J. Winkler, F. Zeitlin and D. Halperin (eds.), Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World (Princeton, 1990) Bury, J. B. and R. Meiggs, A History of Greece. 4th edition, 1975 Hammond, N.G.L. A History of Greece. Oxford 1967 Botsford, G., C.A. Robinson and D. Kagan, Hellenic History. Macmillan 1969 * Bengtson, Hermann, History of Greece (Ottowa, 1988) * Sealey, Raphael, A History of the Greek City States (Univ. of California Press, 1976) Secondarily:

Jonathan Hall, A History of the Archaic Greek World (2007) John Davies, Democracy and Classical Greece (2nd ed., 1993) Josiah Ober, Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens (1989) Mogens Hansen, The Athenian Democracy (1991) Ian Morris, The Greater Athenian State in I. Morris and W. Scheidel, The Dynamics of Ancient Empires (2009), 99-177. Malcom Errington, A History of the Hellenistic World (2008) Moses Finley, Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (1981) Michael Whitby, ed., Sparta (2002)

You should also read (or reread) the following translated ancient sources: Herodotus, The Landmark Histories with all appendices and introduction. Thucydides, The Landmark Thucydides with all appendices and introduction. Xenophon, The Landmark Xenophons Hellenika with all appendices and introduction. J. M. Moore (ed.), Aristotle and Xenophon on Democracy and Oligarchy with commentary and introductions. W. Robert Connor (ed.), Greek Orations with introductions. Plutarch, The Rise and Fall of Athens or Plutarch, The Age of Alexander with introductions. P. R. McKechnie and S. J. Kern (eds) Hellenica Oxyrhynchia with introductions and commentary. II. INSCRIPTIONS

Translated Documents of Greece and Rome 1: Archaic Times to the End of the Peloponnesian War (ed. Charles W.
Fornara)

Greek Historical Inscriptions 403-323 (eds. P. J. Rhodes and Robin Osborne).

III. IMPORTANT THEMATIC BOOKS David Cohen, Law Violence and Community in Classical Athens W. R. Connor, Thucydides M. I. Finley, Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (ed. Shaw and Saller) Victor Hanson, The Other Greeks Franois Hartog, The Mirror of Herodotus: The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History Gabriel Herman, Ritualised Friendship and the Greek City Josiah Ober, Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens Pierre Vidal-Naquet, The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World Narrative history chapters from the Cambridge Ancient History: a) CAH III.32 Chapters 37, 38, 42, 43, 44 b) CAH IV2 Chapters 2, 4, 5, 8-11 c) CAH V.2 Chapters 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 d) CAH VI.2 Chapters 2, 4, 6, 7, 14, 15, 16 e) CAH VII.12 Chapters 2, 4, 5.i-iii, 7, 11, 12 IV. HISTORIOGRAPHY H. Bengtson Introduction to Ancient History (University of California Press, 1971) M. I. Finley, Ancient History: Evidence and Models (Viking, 1986) Charles Fornara, The Nature of History in Ancient Greece and Rome (University of California Press, 1988). Arnaldo Momigliano, The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography (University of California Press, 1990) *Burstein, et al., Ancient History: Recent Work and New Directions (Regina Books, 1997) V. SPECIAL PERIODS AND TOPICS You should select one special period or topic from the following eight in consultation with the Chair of the Examination Committee. The list of topics is not meant to be comprehensive, so you are welcome, in consultation with your professor, to research and design your own special topic, a somewhat more difficult proposition.

A. HISTORY IN HOMER Primary texts Review Homer, The Iliad and The Odyssey. Secondary readings M. I. Finley, The World of Odysseus.

Kleine Schriften zu
Cairns) 57-91. Homeric Age). and Rosh Ireland).

W. Kullmann, History in Homer, in A. Rengakos, ed., Realitt, Imagination und Theorie. Epos und Tragdie in der Antike (Stuttgart, 2002). A. M. Snodgrass, An Historical Homeric Society? JHS 94 (1974) 114-125. Ian Morris, The Use and Abuse of Homer, in Oxford Readings in Homer's Iliad (ed. D. L. Ian Morris and Barry Powell (eds), A New Companion to Homer (chapters on Homeric Society, Warfare, Homeric Ethics, Homer and the Iron Age, Homer and the Bronze Robin Osborne, Greece in the Making, 1200-479 BC, pp. 1-160. Joachim Latacz, Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery (trans. Kevin Windle

B. BRONZE AGE AND ARCHAIC HISTORY Dickinson, Oliver, The Aegean from Bronze Age to Iron Age (Routled *Drews, Robert, The Coming of the Greeks (Princeton University Press, 1988) Drews, Robert, The End of the Bronze Age (Princeton University Press, 1993) Tandy, David, Warriors into Traders: The Power of the Market in Early Greece. Univ. of California, 1997) Thomas, Carol & Craig Conant, Citadel to City State: The Transformation of Greece 1200-700 B.C.E. (Indiana University Press, 1999) I. Morris, Burial and ancient society: the rise of the Greek city-state (Cambridge, 1987) F. de Polignac, Cults, territory, and the origins of the Greek city-state, translated by Janet Lloyd with a new foreword by Claude Mosse (Chicago,1995) N. Fisher and H. van Wees (eds.), Archaic Greece. New Approaches and New Evidence (London and Swansea, 1998) *A. Andrewes, The Greek Tyrants (Harper, 1963) Walter Burkert, The Orientalizing Revolution (Harvard University Press, 1992) Michael Grant, The Rise of the Greeks (Scribners, 1988) *James McGlew, Tyranny and Political Culture in Ancient Greece (Cornell Univ. Press, 1993) *Oswyn Murray, Early Greece (Harvard University Press, 1993) *Robin Osborne, Greece in the Making (Routledge, 1996) *Anthony Snodgrass, Archaic Greece (University of California Press, 1980)

C. CLASSICAL HISTORY D. Cohen, Law, Violence, and Community in Classical Athens (Cambridge 1995). J. Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes: the consuming passions in Classical Athens (New York, 1999) V.D. Hanson, The Western Way of War: infantry battle in classical Greece (New York, 1989; second edition 2000) 1989) Athens A.H.M. Jones, Athenian Democracy (Oxford, 1957) *Donald Kagan, Pericles of Athens (Simon & Schuster, 1991) *Philip Manville, Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens (Princeton Univ. Press, 1990) Christian Meier, Athens (Henry Holt, 1998) *Russell Meiggs, The Athenian Empire (Oxford University Press, 1972) Mark Munn, The School of Hellas (University of California Press, 2000) *J. W. Roberts, City of Sokrates (Routledge, 1998) Raphael Sealey, The Athenian Republic (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987) *R. K. Sinclair, Democracy and Participation in Athens Cambridge, 1988) David Stockton, The Classical Athenian Democracy Oxford, 1990) The Persian Wars Secondary H. Bengtson, The Greeks and the Persians (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970) OR Burn, A.R., Persia and the Greeks (Stanford University Press, 1984) OR Cawkwell, George, The Greek Wars (Oxford University Press, 2005) OR Peter Green, The Greco-Persian Wars (University of California Press, 1996) OR J. F. Lazenby, The Defence of Greece (Aris and Phillips, 1993) OR Barry Strauss, The Battle of Salamis (Simon and Schuster, 2004) Primary *Herodotus, The Persian Wars (Penguin) *Plutarch: Solon, Themistocles, Aristides *Aeschylus, Oresteia *W. Barnstone, Sappho and the Greek Lyric Poets (Schocken, 1988) The Peloponnesian War Secondary Croix, "The 1-41 AND D. W. Powell, Athens and Sparta (Routledge, Fathers and Sons in Primary *Thucydides (Penguin) *Plutarch: Pericles, Alcibiades, Nicias, Lysander Aristophanes (Lysistrata, Acharnians, Clouds, Knights) OR Sophocles (Theban Plays) H. DeRomilly, Thucydides and Athenian Imperialism (Oxford, 1963) OR G.E.M. De St. Character of the Athenian Empire," Historia III (1954/55), Bradeen, Historia IX (1960), 257ff. OR *Anton 1988) Victor Hanson, A War Like No Other (Randon House, 2005) OR *Barry Strauss, Athens (Princeton University Press, 1993) J. Ober, Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: rhetoric, ideology, and the power of the people (Princeton,

D. ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY Primary sources

the Death of
chapters 1; 8; 10; 12; 13 Harmondsworth 1984.

Dillon, M., Garland, L. 2010. The Ancient Greeks. History and Culture from Archaic Times to Alexander, 3rd ed. London NY you are expected to have studied P.J. Rhodes, The Athenian Constitution (Aristotle); translated with introduction and notes, Secondary readings A. Required Forrest, W. G. 1966. The emergence of Greek democracy, 800-400 B.C., NY B. Historical section Kagan, D. 1991. Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy. NY Hansen, M.H. 1991. The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes. Structure, Ideology, Oxford, chapters 6-13, p. 125-320 Ostwald, M. 1986. From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law Law, Society, Fifth-Century Athens, Berkeley, ch. 1, p. 3-83 Rosivach, V.J. 1992. Redistribution of Land in Solon, Fragment 34 West, Journal of 112, 153-157. Hansen, M.H. 1989. Solonian Democracy in Fourth-Century in W.R. Connor, Aspects Democracy (Classica Et Mediaevalia, Dissertationes).

Principles and and Politics in Hellenic Studies of Athenian

Copenhagen, 71-99

Develin, R.- Kilmer, M. 1997. What Kleisthenes did, Historia 46: 3-18 A. Boegehold, 1995. The Lawcourts at Athens: Sites, Buildings, Equipment, Procedure, and Testimonia. The Athenian Agora, in: The American School of Classical Studies, vol. 28, Princeton Versnel, H.S.,1995. Religion and Democracy, in: Walter Eder (Hrsg.), Die athenische Demokratie im 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Vollendung oder Verfall einer Verfassungsform? Stuttgart, 367-388 Yunis, H. 1988. Law, Politics, and the Graphe paranomon in Fourth-century Athens, GRBS 29 361382 C. Perception Primary Sources: Ps. Xenophon Ath. Pol. Plato Rep. book VIII Arist. Pol. III ch.s 1; 6-8; 11; IV ch.s 4-6; 12; VI ch. 4 Secondary Material:

popular rule. Political

E. ATHENIAN EMPIRE Primary texts

Ober, J. 1998. Political dissent in democratic Athens : intellectual critics of Princeton Rowe, Ch.- Schofield, M. 2000. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman

Thought. Cambridge. Chapters 10; 18

Review Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War. Review Xenophon, The Landmark Xenophons Hellenika, books 1 and 2. Secondary readings Simon Hornblower, Thucydides Polly Low (ed.), The Athenian Empire. Russell Meiggs, The Athenian Empire, chapters 1-3, 8, 11-12. Harold B. Mattingly, The Athenian empire restored : epigraphic and historical studies, forward, chapters 21, and 27.

introduction,

Loren Samons II (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Pericles, chapters 1-4, 8, 10, 11.

F. THE (SHORT) FOURTH CENTURY (404-322) Primary texts Review Xenophon, The Landmark Xenophons Hellenika with all appendices and introduction. Review Connor (ed.) Greek Orations. Review Plutarch, The Age of Alexander, Agesilaus, Pelopidas, Demosthenes, Phocion. Secondary readings a) Read the following books:

Athenian Empire to
178).

Lawrence Tritle (ed.), The Greek world in the fourth century: from the fall of the Cargill, J. (1981) The Second Athenian League: Empire or Free Alliance? G. L. Cawkwell, Philip of Macedon (with Phillip Hardings review in Phoenix 33: 173-

the successors of Alexander

b) Read the following articles: Ernst Badian, The ghost of empire: reflections on Athenian foreign policy in the fourth in Die athenische Demokratie im 4. Jahrhundert v.Chr.: Vollendung oder Verfall einer Verfassungsform, (ed. W. Eder), 79106. G. T. Griffith, Athens in the fourth century in Garnsey and Whittaker, eds., century BC,

Imperialism in the

G. L. Cawkwell, The crowning of Demosthenes, CQ 19 (1969) 163-180. Phillip Harding, Rhetoric and politics in fourth-century Athens, Phoenix 41: 23-39. Phillip Harding, Athenian foreign policy in the fourth century, Klio 77: 105-125.

Ancient World.

G. ALEXANDER THE GREAT Primary texts Read Alexander the Great : historical texts in translation (edited by Waldemar Heckel and J. C. Yardley) Secondary readings a) Read one of the following books: Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon, 356-323 B.C.: a historical biography A. B. Bosworth, Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great b) Read the following articles and book sections: Ernst Badian, Alexander the Great and the Loneliness of Power, in Studies in Greek History 192-205. A. B. Bosworth, Alexander and the East: The Tragedy of Triumph, The Justification of Terror, 133165. Eugene Borza, Fire from heaven: Alexander at Persepolis and The Royal Macedonian tombs and the paraphernalia of Alexander the Great in Eugene Borza, Makedonika. Eugene Borza, In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon 198-252 Donald W. Engels, Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian army 125.

and Roman

Jeanne Reames-Zimmerman, An Atypical Affair. . . Ancient History Bulletin 13.3 (1999) 81-95. Joseph Roisman (ed.), Brills Companion to Alexander the Great, chapters 1, 3-10 c) Secondarily: Paul Cartledge, Alexander the Great (Overlook, 2004) *J. R. Ellis, Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism (Princeton, 1986) R. Malcolm Errington, History of Macedonia (University of California, 1990) *N.G.L. Hammond, Alexander the Great (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997) *N.G.L. Hammond, Genius of Alexander the Great (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1997) *N.G.L. Hammond, The Macedonian State (Oxford University Press, 1989) *N.G.L. Hammond, Miracle that was Macedonia (St. Martin's Press, 1991) H. HELLENISTIC HISTORY F. W. Walbank, The Hellenistic World (Cambridge, Mass., 1993) D. Ogden, Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties (London, 1999) S. E. Alcock, Graecia capta: The landscapes of Roman Greece (Cambridge, 1993) *W.W. Tarn and G.T. Griffith, Hellenistic Civilization (Meridian, 1965) M. Cary, A History of the Hellenic World: 323-146 B.C. (Methuen, 1968) *M. Grant, From Alexander to Cleopatra (Scribner's, 1982) Peter Green, Alexander to Actium (University of California, 1990) *A. Momigliano, Alien Wisdom (Cambridge, 1990) *Graham Shipley, The Greek World After Alexander (Routledge, 2000)

I. WARFARE AND SOCIETY Primary texts

Aineias the Tactician: How to Survive under Siege (ed. and trans. David Whitehead) Michael Sage (ed.), Warfare in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook
Secondary readings a) Read the following books Victor Hanson, The Western Way of War Victor Hanson (ed.), Hoplites : the Classical Greek Battle Experience, introduction and essays 3, 6-9.

Warfare.
chapters 5, 8-9, 11, 14-15.

P. Sabin, H. V. Wees and M. Whitby (eds.) The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman

Volume I: Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome

Hans Van Wees, Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities J. E. Lendon, Soldiers and Ghosts 1-161

b) Secondarily: Pierre Ducrey, Warfare in Ancient Greece (Schocken, 1986) Rest of Victor Hanson, Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience (Routledge, 1991) *John Rich et al., War and Society in the Greek World (Routledge, 1993) J. THE ANCIENT ECONOMY AND SOCIETY Primary texts Xenophon, Ways and Means (Poroi) and Oeconomicus Secondary readings a) Read the following: M. I. Finley, The Ancient Economy (1999 edition with forward by Ian Morris) Ed Cohen, The Athenian Economy, A Banking Perspective Robin Osborne, Classical Landscape with Figures D. W. Tandy, Warriors into Traders with BMCR review by David Schaps.

Approaches to the
11-12

Paul Cartledge, Edward Cohen, and Lin Foxhall (eds), Money, Labour and Land: Walter Scheidel and Sitta von Reden (eds.), The Ancient Economy, chapters 1-3, 5-7, b) Secondarily: P. Veyne, Bread and Cirsuses: Historical Sociology and Political Pluralism (Penguin,

economies of ancient Greece

1990) 1977)

M. Grant, A Social History of Greece and Rome (Scribers', 1993) M.M. Austin, Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece (University of California, *James Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes (Harper Collins, 1997) M. I. Finley, Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece (Viking, 1981) Robert Garland, Greek Way of Death (Cornell, 1985) Robert Garland, Greek Way of Life (Cornell, 1990) W. K. Lacey, The Fanily in Classical Greece (Cornell, 1968) Cynthia Patterson, The Family in Greek History (Harvard University Press, 1998) K. SLAVERY M. I. Finley, Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (Viking, 1989) *Yvon Garlan, Slavery in Ancient Greece (Cornell University Press, 1988) *Garnsey, Peter, Ideas of Slavery from Aristotle to Augustine (Cambridge U.P., 1996) L. SPARTA Primary texts

Oligarchy (ed.

Review Xenophon, The Politeia of the Spartans in Aristotle And Xenophon On Democracy And J. M. Moore). Review Plutarch, Lycurgus, Lysander, and Agesilaus.

Secondary readings a) Read the following books: Paul Cartledge, Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History, 1300-362 BC Paul Cartledge, Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta, chapters 1-3, 6, 10-11, 17-22 Paul Cartledge, The Spartans (Overlook, 2003) Paul Cartledge, Spartan Reflections (University of California Press, 2001) *H. Mitchell, Sparta (Cambridge, 1964) *W.G. Forrest, A History of Sparta (Norton, 1968) b) Read at least fifteen articles from the following collections: A. Powell (ed.), Classical Sparta: Techniques behind her Success A. Powell and S Hodkinson (eds.),The Shadow of Sparta N. Luraghi and S. Alcock, Helots and Their Masters in Laconia and Messenia:

Histories, Ideologies,

Structures

L. MALE HOMOSEXUALITY Primary texts Thomas Hubbard (ed.), Homosexuality in Greece and Rome. A Sourcebook of Basic Documents, 1-307. Secondary readings Read the following books, essays, and reviews: K.J. Dover, Greek Homosexuality David M. Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality, essays 1, 2, 3, 6. J. K. Winkler, The Constraints of Desire essays 1, 2, 3, 5. David Cohen, Law, Sexuality, and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical James Davidson, The Greeks and Greek Love: A Radical Reappraisal of Homosexuality

Athens in Ancient

Greece

accessed at provides Davidsons response.

Reviews of Davidson by Verstraete and Hubbarb (via the Verstraete review) are best http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2009/2009-11-03.html which

M. WOMEN AND SEXUALITY Eva Cantarella, Bisexuality in the Ancient World (Yale University Press, 1988) *Eva Cantarella, Pandora's Daughters (Johns Hopkins, 1981)

*Elaine Fantham, ed., Women in the Classical World (Oxford University Press, 1994) *Mary Lefkowitz and Maureen Fant, Women's Life in Greece and Rome (Johns Hopkins, 1982) *Sarah Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves (Schocken, 1976) Sarah Pomeroy, ed., Women's History and Ancient History (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1991) N. GREEK THOUGHT (SCIENCE, RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY) Primary Sources Presocratics: Daniel Graham, The Texts of Early Greek Philosophy (2 vols., Cambridge University Press, 2010). Plato: Euthyphro, Crito, Symposium, Protagoras. Hippocrates: Airs, Waters, and Places. Aristotle: Categories, Physics 1, Nicomachean Ethics 1, 8, 10 Secondary Sources Walter Burkert, Greek Religion, Archaic and Classical (Blackwell, 2002) G.E.R. Lloyd, Magic, Reason, and Experience: Studies in the Origins and Development of Greek (Cambridge University Press, 1979) Gregory Vlastos, Plato's Universe (University of Washington Press, 1975) Christopher Shields, Aristotle (Routledge, 2007) Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield, The Cambridge History of Political Thought Press, 2000) A. A. Long, Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics (2nd ed., University of California 1. *M. Clagett, Greek Science in Antiquity, (Collier) T. Africa, Science and the State in Greece and Rome (Wiley) F. Copleston, History of Philosophy, Vol. I: Parts 1 and 2 (Doubleday, 1962) W. Guthrie, The Greek Philosophers from Thales to Aristotle (Methuen, 1950) J. V. Luce, An Introduction to Greek Philosophy (Thames and Hudson, 1992)

Science

(Cambridge University Press, 1986)

Classic Modern Approaches Bruno Snell, The Discovery of the Mind (trans. Thomas Rosenmeyer, Harpers,1953) E.R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (University of California Press, 1951) Terence Irwin, Classical Thought: A History of Ancient Philosophy vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 1989)

GREEK LITERATURE
Introductory Whitmarsh, T. 2004. Ancient Greek Literature. Cambridge (Polity). Cartledge, P. 2002. The Greeks: A Portrait of Self and Others. 2nd ed., OUP. Reynolds, L.D., & Wilson, N.G. 1991. Scribes and Scholars. A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. OUP. Secondary Bowie, E. 1986. Early Greek Elegy, Symposium, and Public Festival. In: JHS 106, 13-35. Burkert, W. 1992. The Orientalizing Revolution. Near-Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age. HUP.

Easterling, P. 1990. Constructing Character in Greek Tragedy. In: Pelling, Ch. (ed.). Characterization and Individuality in Greek Literature. OUP, 83-99. Goldhill, S. 1991. The Poets Voice. Essays on Poetics and Greek Literature. CUP. Kurke, L. 1991. The Traffic in Praise. Pindar and the Poetics of Social Economy. Ithaca (CoUP). Lloyd, G.E.R. Magic, Reason, and Experience. CUP. Murray, O. 2001. Herodotus and Oral History. In: Luraghi, N. (ed.). The Historians Craft in the Age of Herodotus. OUP 2001, 16-44. Osborne, R. 2004. Homeric Society. In: Fowler, R.L. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Homer. CUP, 206-219. Payne, M. 2007. Theocritus and the Invention of Fiction. CUP. Pelling, Ch. 2009. Thucydides Speeches. In: Rusten, J.S. (ed.). Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Thucydides. 2nd ed., OUP, 176-190. Rusten, J.S. 2009. Thucydides and His Readers. In: id. (ed.). Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Thucydides. 2nd ed., OUP, 1-28. Scodel, R. 2004. The Story-Teller and His Audience. In: Fowler, R.L. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Homer. CUP, 45-48. Seaford, R. 2000. The Social Function of Attic Tragedy. In: CQ 50, 30-44. Swain, S. 1996. Hellenism and Empire. CUP. Taplin, O. 1986. Fifth-Century Tragedy and Comedy: A Synkrisis. In: JHS 106, 163-174. Thomas, R. 2000. Herodotus in Context: Ethnography, Science, and the Art of Persuasion. CUP. Winkler, J., & Zeitlin, F. (eds.) 1990. Nothing to Do With Dionysus? Athenian Tragedy in Its Social Context. Princeton (PUP). General W. Schmid and O. Stahlin, Geschichte der griechischen Literatur (Muncih, 1929-48) E.R. Dodds, The Greeks and the Irrational (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1951) A. Lesky, History of Greek Literature (New York, 1963) P.E. Easterling and B.M.W. Knox (edd.), The Cambridge History of Classical Literature vol. I (Cambridge, 1985)
GERMAN

Epic A.B. Lord, The Singer of Tales (Cambridge, 1960) GERMAN K. Reinhardt, Die Illias und ihr Dichter (Gottingen, 1961) M. Parry, The Making of Homeric Verse, ed A. Parry (Oxford, 1971) G. Nagy, The Best of the Achaeans (Baltimore, London, 1979) W.G. Thalmann, Conventions of Form and Thought in Early Greek Epic Poetry (Baltimore, 1984) M.W. Edwards, Homer: Poet of the Iliad (Baltimore, 1987) R. Martin, The Language of Heroes (Ithaca, 1989) B.B. Powell, Homer and the Origins of the Greek Alphabet (Cambridge, 1991) B.B. Powell & I. Morris, A New Companion to Homer (Leiden, 1997) Lyric C.M. Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry (Oxford, 1961) E.L. Bundy, Studia Pindarica (Berkeley, 1962) FRENCH C. Calame, Les choeurs de jeunes filles en Grece archaique (Rome, 1977) D.A. Campell, The Golden Lyre (London, 1983) B. Gentili, Poetry and its Public in Ancient Greece, Eng. Tr. (Baltimore, 1988) Theater A.W. Pickard-Cambridge, The Dramatic festivals of Athens (Oxford, 1953) A.W. Pickard-Cambridge, Dithyramb, Tragedy and Comedy (Oxford, 1962) Tragedy J. Jones, On Aristole and Greek Tragedy (Oxford, 1962) G.F. Else, The Origin and Early Forms of Greek Tragedy (Cambridge, 1965) S. Goldhill, Reading Greek Tragedy (Cambridge, 1986) P.E. Easterling (ed.), The Cambridge companion to Greek Tragedy (Cambridge, 1992) F. Zeitlin, Playing the Other (Chicago, 1996) L.K. McClure, Spoken like a Woman (Princeton, 1999) Aeschylus K. Reinhardt, Aischylos als Regisseur und Theologe (Bern, 1949) A. Lebek, The Oresteia (Washington, 1971) O. Taplin, The Stagecraft of Aeschylus (Oxford, 1977) T.G. Rosenmeyer, The Art of Aeschylus (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1982)
GERMAN

Sophocles B.M.W. Knox, The Heroic Temper (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964) K. Reinhardt, Sophocles, Eng. tr. (Oxford, 1979) R. Burton, The Chorus in Sophocles' Tragedies (Oxford, 1980)

Euripides A.P. Burnett, Catastrophe Survived (Oxford, 1971) C. Collard, Euripides, G&R Surveys (Oxford, 1981) A.N. Michelini, Euripides and the Tragic Tradition (Madison, WI, 1987) Comedy K.J. Dover, Aristopanic Comedy (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972) S.M. Goldberg, The Making of Menander's Comedy (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1980) R.L. Hunter, The New Comedy of Greece & Rome (Cambridge, 1985) J. Henderson, The Maculate Muse (Oxford, 1991) A.M. Bowie, Aristophanes: Myth, Ritual and Comedy (Cambridge, 1993) Hellenistic Poetry U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Hellenistische Dichtung (Berlin, 1924) T.G. Rosenmeyer, The Green Cabinet (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969) A.W. Bulloch, CHCL 541-621 G.O. Hutchinson, Hellenistic Poetry (Oxford, 1988) R.L. Hunter, The Argonautica of Apollonius: Literary Studies (Cambridge, 1993)
GERMAN

Historiography C. Fornara, The Nature of History in Ancient Greece and Rome (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1983) W.R. Connor, Thucydides (Princeton, 1984) S. Hornblower, Thucydides (Baltimore, 1987) F. Hartog, The Mirror of Herodotus (Berkeley, 1988) J. Gould, Herodotus (New York, 1989) J. Marincola, Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography (Cambridge, 1997) Philosophy W.K.C. Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy (Cambridge, 1962-80) A.A. Long, Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics (London, 1974) J.L. Ackrill, Aristotle the Philosopher (Oxford, 1981) G.B. Kerferd, The Sophistic Movement (Cambridge, 1981) G.S. Kirk, J.E, Raven, M. Schilfield, The Presocratic Philosophers (Cambridge, 1983) R. Kraut, The Cambridge Companion to Plato (Cambridge, 1992) Rhetoric G.A. Kennedy, The Art of Persuasion in Greece (Princeton, 1963) N. Loraux, The Invention of Athens (Cambridge, 1986) S. Usher, Greek Oratory (Oxford, 1999) Literary Criticism G. A. Kennedy (ed.), The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Vol. 1 (Cambridge, 1989) S. Halliwell, Aristotle's Poetics (Chapel Hill, 1986) Ancient Material Culture W.R. Biers, The Archaeology of Greece (Ithaca-London, 1996) P.L. MacKendrick, The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy, 2nd ed. (New York, 1983) P.L. MacKendrick, The Greek Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Greek Lands, 2nd ed. (New York, 1981) N.H. Ramage and A. Ramage, Roman Art: Romulus to Constatine, 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001)