Annotated Works Cited List

Cahill, Thomas. Pope John XXIII. New York: Viking, 2002. Print.
Pope John XXIII called the Second Vatican Council to change the viewpoints of the Roman Catholic Church to better reflect modern society and the lifestyle that it entails. For instance, the Mass was changed to now be spoken in the language of the Churchs respective country rather than solely in the Latin language. Other changes that the Second Vatican Council is responsible for include the priest facing the people during the Eucharist, a more simplified Mass, more involvement for Lay People, and updated rules of priesthood. Some individuals believe that Pope John XXIIIs calling of this council was a mistake, for they believe that modernization may not be acceptable for the Church; however, it is said that because Pope John XXIII did not sign any of the changes as official doctrine, it is not a tremendous concern to the Catholic community of followers.

John XXIII, Pope. Peace on Earth (Pacem in Terris). Vatican Official Website. 12 November 2011. http://www.vatican.va.
Pope John XXIII only served in the Papal office for 5 years, but wrote eight different encyclicals. His most notable encylical was his final one, Pacem in Terris, written just a few months prior to his death from stomach cancer. Pacem in Terris, or Peace on Earth, talks about John XXIIIs reaction to the political situation that arose during the Cold War between the worlds superpower nations. He coined a famous phrase, [conflicts] should not be resolved by recourse to arms, but rather by negotiation. John XXIII establishes that the progress of scientific knowledge and the inventions of technology is the infinite greatness of God Himself, who created both man and the universe. The encyclical is split into four parts: the relationship between individuals, the relationship between the individual and state, the establishment of equality rights, and the need for a stronger relationship between the worlds nations.

Hebblethwaite, Peter, and Margaret Hebblethwaite. John XXIII: Pope of the Century. London: Continuum, 2000. Print.
Pope John XXIII served as a Christian role model by making various efforts during the Holocaust, such as saving Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany and assisting them to Palestine. John XXIII believed in humanity on Earth and believed that error had no right, especially regarding the relationship between the worlds nations during his tenure in Papal office. John XXIII believed in the core teachings of the Bible, but believed that they should be applied to our modern day

lifestyle. As the Pope, John XXIII emerged as a visionary for the Catholic Church in the twentieth century, helping to guide Christianity and its followers towards the Kingdom of God through his encyclicals and sharing of peaceful values and principles. John XIII visited many areas in the world as Pope, such as Rome, and was often regarded as a good and beloved Pope.