The ode45 solver is a medium-order solver.

The solver syntax is: [t,y]=ode45(ydot,tspan,y0) Where: ydot is the name of the function file that evaluates the right side of a differential equation of the form dy/dt=f(t,y) tspan is a row vector containing the starting and ending values of t y0 is a vector on initial conditions
Lecture 7- Log Decrement

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The equations for ode45 must be in State-variable form. Consider the second order equation:
& 3&& + 8 x + 100 x = 0 x

In state variable form, we define the variables:

z1 = x

& z2 = x

the equation can then be written in state-variable form as: 1 & z1 = z 2 & z 2 = (8 z 2 + 100 z1 )
3

The Initial Conditions become:

z1 (0) = x(0) = 5

& z 2 (0) = x(0) = 15

Lecture 7- Log Decrement

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& & The ode function file that computes the values of z1 and z 2

and stores them in a column vector might look like: function f=example(t,z) x=z(1); xd=z(2); xdd=-1/3*(8*xd+100*x) f=[xd;xdd]; Note
& f(1) represents z1 f(2) represents z 2 &
MEEM 3700 8

Lecture 7- Log Decrement

The MATLAB code that call ode45 to solve the equation is: time interval initial conditions [t,x]=ode45(example,[0,3],[5;15])

the name of the function being called

Lecture 7- Log Decrement

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A dressed-up program might include:

% DOE Solver for a single degree of freedom system in free vibration clear all clc %Enter system parameters global m c k m=3;c=8;k=100; %Enter initial conditions x0=5;v0=15; ic=[x0;v0]; %Enter time span for solution tspan=[0 3]; %Call solver [t,x]=ode45('shapsdof',tspan,ic); %Set up plot plot(t,x(:,1)),xlabel('Time (sec)'),ylabel('Displacement (inches)'),title('System Response')
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10

function f=shapsdof(t,z) global m c k x=z(1); xd=z(2); f=zeros(2,1); xdd=[-(c/m)*xd-(k/m)*x]; f=[xd;xdd];

Lecture 7- Log Decrement

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11

MEEM 3700 Mechanical Vibrations

Shapton
Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Michigan Technological University
Copyright 2007

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

Start Simulink from MATLAB by typing simulink The simulink browser will appear and contains the blocks needed to model basic systems. There are two major classes of elements: blocks and lines Blocks are used to generate, modify, combine, output and display signals Lines are used to transmit signals
lines transmit in the direction of the arrow Lines can tap off of other lines Lines can not inject a signal into another line
Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

Building a model involves a series of steps: Begin by clicking on the New Model button The necessary blocks are gathered from the Library Browser and placed in the model window The parameters of the blocks are modified to correspond with the system being modeled The blocks are connected with lines to complete the model

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

1. Click on the + in front of a library to display the blocks available for use 2. Click on a block to display a shory description of its function 3. Drag desired blocks to the workspace and position in the desired order

Double click on a block to open a window to set its parameters To flip a block, right click the block; Format; Flip; Flip Block
Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

Draw lines to connect the blocks Drag the mouse from where the line starts (output terminal of a block) to where it ends (input terminal of another block) To branch a signal to 2 or more terminals, click on the connecting line and add the branch to the additional terminal (To quickly connect blocks and to insure a good connection, select the source block, then hold down the Ctl key while left clicking on the destination block)
Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

To run the simulation, go to the simulation menu and click Start.

(See section 3.10 of the text for a more complete introduction to simulink and for examples illustrating its use)

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

1 Gai n2

1 s Integrator

1 s Integrator1 Scope

8 Gai n 1 Gai n1

For convenience, we need to flip the blocks in the feedback loop so that the input terminal is on the right and the output terminal is on the left before drawing in the connecting lines.

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

Original block orientation

1 Gai n2 1 s Integrator 1 s Integrator1 Scope

8 Gai n 1 Gai n1

Gain blocks flipped

1 Gain2 1 s Integrator 1 s Integrator1 Scope

8 Gain 1 Gain1

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700

-1/3
-KGain2

&& x
& 8x

1 s Integrator

& x
8

1 s Integrator1

x
Scope

Gain

8
-K-

100 x
6 5 4 Displacemenl - inches 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3

Gain1

100

0.5

1.5 t - sec

2.5

Lecture 7- Simulink

MEEM 3700