MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

CHINA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS

DATA BOOK

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


CHINA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS

DATA BOOK

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


CONTENTS
I.
R&D Expenditure
1-1 R&D 20012006
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D

1-2 R&D 2006

GERD by source of funds and sector of performance

1-3 R&D 2006

GERD by type of activity

1-4 R&D 2006

High-technology industry expenditure on R&D and as a percentage of value added

1-5 R&D 2006

GERD by region

II

II.
Government S&T Appropriation
2-1 20012006
Government S&T appropriation

12

2-2 20012006
Government S&T appropriation by management category

14

2-3 19962006
Central and local government S&T appropriation

15

2-4 2006
Local government S&T appropriation by region

16

III.

Human Resource in Science and Technology

3-1 20012006
S&T personnel and R&D personnel

20

3-2 R&D 2006

R&D personnel by sector of performance and by type of activity

21

3-3 R&D 2006

R&D personnel by region

22

3-4 20052006
National students in regular institutions of higher education by eld of study

24

3-5 20012006
Overseas Chinese students and returnees

26

IV.

Output Indicators
4-1 20052006
Patent applications led and patents granted by SIPO

28

4-2 20032006
Domestic service invention patents by sector

30

III

IV

4-3 20012006
Domestic S&T papers by type of institution

32

4-4 20012006
Chinese S&T papers indexed by SCI, EI and ISTP

33

V.

High Technology
5-1 20012006
National imports and exports of high-tech products

36

5-2 2006
National imports and exports of high-tech products by eld

38

5-3 20012006
Main economic indicators of high-tech industry in total

39

5-4 2006
Main economic indicators of high-tech industries

40

VI.

International Comparison
6-1 R&D
GERD in selected countries

42

6-2 R&D
GERD in selected countries by sector of performance

43

6-3 R&D
GERD in selected countries by type of activity

44

6-4 R&D
R&D personnel in selected countries

45

6-5 2005
Invention patents granted in selected countries

46

6-6 2006
S&T papers indexed by SCI, EI and ISTP in selected countries

47

Abbreviations
GDP
GERD
R&D
S&T

Gross Domestic Product

Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D
Research and Development
Science and Technology

Note: Data on expenditures on and personnel

engaged in S&T or R&D activities in this book include
those of small industrial enterprises, enterprises
or institutions of construction, transportation, post
and communications industries, agriculture and
medical care institutions, as well as R&D institutions
subordinated to government departments, large and
medium-sized enterprises and institutions of higher
education.

R&D

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

1
R&D Expenditure

I. R&D Expenditure

I. R&D Expenditure

- R&D 2002006

Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D

R&D
GERD00 million yuan
R&D/%
GERD/GDP %

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

042.5

287.6

59.6

966.

2450.0

00.

0.95

.07

.

.2

.

.42

 R&D 9962006
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D
100 million yuan
3500
3003

3000
2450

2500
1966

2000
1540

1500
1000
500
0

404

509

551

679

1996 1997 1998 1999

896

2000

Current price

I. R&D Expenditure

1042

2001

1288

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Comparable price

I. R&D Expenditure

-2 R&D 2006

GERD by source of funds and sector of performance
100 million yuan

Performance sectors

Research
institutes

Business

Higher
education

Others

Total

48.2

96.8

5.5

2.6

742.

7.

946.0

0.2

9.2

207.7

Abroad

2.6

4.8

.8

0.2

48.4

Others

66.

50.0

20.

2.5

8.9

567.

24.5

276.8

24.5

00.

Source of funds

Government

Business

Total

 R&D 2006
GERD by source of funds and by sector of performance
By source of funds

By sector of performance

1.6% 4.6%

9.2%

0.8%

24.7%

18.9%

71.1%

69.1%

Government
Business

Abroad
Others

I. R&D Expenditure

Research institutes
Business

Higher education
Others

I. R&D Expenditure

- R&D 2006

GERD by type of activity

Total

5.2

Research institutes

16.8

78.0

12.0

Higher education

34.6

53.5

25.8

49.6

0.6 7.6
Business
0

20

Basic research

24.6

91.7

40
Applied research

60

%
80 100
Experimental development

-4 R&D 2006

High-technology industry expenditure on R&D and as a percentage of value added
R&D
R&D expenditure
100 million yuan

Total manufacturing

High-technology industries

Aircraft and spacecraft

Computers and ofce equipments

Electronic and telecommunication equipments

Medical equipments and meters

Pharmaceuticals

I. R&D Expenditure

%
As a percentage of
value added

55.4

2.4

456.4

4.54

.

.82

72.9

.45

276.9

5.4

20.7

2.67

52.6

2.9


I. R&D Expenditure
R&D 2006
High-technology industry expenditure on R&D and
as a percentage of value added

100 million yuan

500

456.4

16

13.82

450

14

400

12

350

10

276.9

300
250
200
150

8
5.41

4.54
3.45

2.67

100
50

33.3

72.9

Aircraft and spacecraft

Computers and
ofce equipments

20.7

2.91
52.6

4
2
0

High-technology
industries

R&D R&D expenditure

Electronic and
telecommunication
equipments

Medical equipments and

meters

Pharmaceuticals

As a percentage of value added

-5 R&D 2006

GERD by region
Region
Total

R&D
R&D expenditure

100 million yuan

Region

R&D
R&D expenditure

00.

Beijing

4.0

Shanghai

258.8

Tianjin

95.2

Jiangsu

46.

Hebei

76.7

Zhejiang

224.0

Shanxi

6.

Anhui

59.

Inner Mongolia

6.5

Fujian

67.4

5.8

Jiangxi

7.8

Liaoning
Jilin

40.9

Shandong

Heilongjiang

57.0

Henan

I. R&D Expenditure

24.
79.8


 Government
I.
II.
R&D
S&T
Expenditure
Appropriation

10

-5 R&D 2006

GERD by regioncont.

100 million yuan

R&D
R&D expenditure

Region

R&D
R&D expenditure

Hubei

94.4

Yunnan

20.9

Hunan

5.6

Tibet

Region

Guangdong

.0

Shaanxi

0.5
0.4

Guangxi

8.2

Gansu

24.0

Hainan

2.

Qinghai

.

6.9

Ningxia

5.0

Sichuan

07.8

Xinjiang

8.5

Guizhou

4.5

Chongqing

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

2
Government S&T Appropriation

II. Government S&T Appropriation

11

II. Government S&T Appropriation

12

2- 2002006
Government S&T appropriation

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Government S&T appropriation

00 million yuan

70.

86.2

944.6

095.

4.9

688.5

.7

.7

.8

.8

.9

4.2

*%
Share in total govt. expenditure%
*
The debt is not included in the total govt. expenditure.

9962006
Government S&T appropriation

100 million yuan

1800

1689

1500

1335

1200

1095
816

900

945

703

600
349

409

439

544

576

300
0
1996 1997 1998 1999

2000

Current price

II. Government S&T Appropriation

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Comparable price

13

II. Government S&T Appropriation

14

2-2 2002006
Government S&T appropriation by management category
100 million yuan
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

70.

86.2

944.6

095.

4.9

688.5

Special project funds for S&T

59.6

98.6

46.6

484.0

609.7

779.9

Operating funds

22.

269.9

00.8

5.9

89.

48.4

Capital funds

6.4

70.0

80.2

95.9

2.5

4.4

Others

57.2

77.8

47.0

79.5

22.6

290.8

Government S&T appropriation

2- 9962006
Central and local government S&T appropriation
100 million yuan
1200

1010
808

900

Central

600
300

243

275

290

356

188
149
134
0 106
1996 1997 1998 1999

350
226
2000

II. Government S&T Appropriation

444

511

609

692
679
527

259
2001

305
2002

336

403

Local
2003

2004

2005

2006

15

II. Government S&T Appropriation

16

2-4 2006
Local government S&T appropriation by region

Region

B%

B%

67876

2.22

Beijing

6049

4.66

Shanghai

9489

5.2

Tianjin

828

2.79

Jiangsu

544

2.70

Hebei

46

.4

Zhejiang

6288

4.29

Shanxi

808

0.88

Anhui

887

0.94

Inner Mongolia

789

0.97

Fujian

55

2.

452

2.4

Jiangxi

596

0.86

849

.8

Shandong

409

2.24

55

.40

Henan

76

.22

Total

Liaoning
Jilin
Heilongjiang

Region

million yuan

2-4 2006
Local government S&T appropriation by regioncont.

Region

million yuan

B%

Region

B%

Hubei

625

.55

Yunnan

8

.27

Hunan

426

.4

Tibet

90

0.45

040

4.08

Shaanxi

026

.25

Guangxi

927

.27

Gansu

49

0.8

Hainan

69

0.86

Qinghai

47

0.68

Chongqing

749

.26

Ningxia

95

.0

Sichuan

457

.08

Xinjiang

75

.0

Guizhou

76

.25

Guangdong

ALocal Govt. S&T appropriation.

BPercentage of Ain total local govt. expenditure.

II. Government S&T Appropriation

17

II. Government S&T Appropriation

18

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

3
Human Resource in
Science and Technology

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

19

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

20

- 2002006
S&T personnel and R&D personnel

S&T personnel0,000 persons

R&D
R&D personnel0,000 person-years
#
Scientists and engineers

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

4.

22.2

28.4

48.

8.5

4.2

95.7

0.5

09.5

5.

6.5

50.2

74.

8.

86.2

92.6

.9

22.4

-2 R&D 2006

R&D personnel by sector of performance and by type of activity
By sector of performance
6.%

By type of activity

2.7%

8.7%

9.9%

5.4%
65.7%

7.%

Business
Research institutes
Higher education
Others

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

Basic research
Applied research
Experimental development

21

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

- R&D 2006

R&D personnel by region
Region
Total

R&D
R&D personnel

22

1,000 person-years
Region

R&D
R&D personnel

502.47

Beijing

68.40

Shanghai

80.20

Tianjin

7.6

Jiangsu

8.88

Hebei

4.74

Zhejiang

02.76

Shanxi

8.77

Anhui

29.88

Inner Mongolia

4.75

Fujian

40.24

Liaoning

69.05

Jiangxi

25.80

Jilin

28.46

Shandong

96.64

Heilongjiang

45.07

Henan

59.69

- R&D 2006

R&D personnel by regioncont.
1,000 person-years
R&D
R&D personnel

Region

R&D
R&D personnel

Hubei

62.0

Yunnan

6.0

Hunan

9.75

Tibet

Region

Guangdong

47.2

.0

Shaanxi

59.46

Guangxi

8.94

Gansu

6.70

Hainan

.2

Qinghai

2.6

Chongqing

26.8

Ningxia

4.4

Sichuan

68.58

Xinjiang

7.4

Guizhou

0.74

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

23

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

24

-4 20052006
National students in regular institutions of higher education by eld of study
1,000 persons
2005

Undergraduates
Science
Engineering
Agriculture
Medicine
Administration
Philosophy
Economics
Law
Education
Literature
History

2006

Graduates

Enrolments

Graduates

Enrolments

068.0
64.9
09.0
69.5
202.6
506.2
.
6.0
6.5
280.
45.2
0.7

567.8
967.9
5477.2
08.
2.2
2780.4
6.
857.8
697.2
022.7
28.7
49.4

774.7
97.2
4.7
77.2
25.
656.
.4
204.0
86.2
22.
524.8
0.6

788.4
047.9
64.9
.6
268.6
2.4
6.8
92.4
70.2
029.6
2642.4
52.5

2006
Graduates from regular institutions of higher education by eld of study

.90%

0.28% 5.22%

Science
Engineering
Agriculture

8.54%

Medicine
Administration
Philosophy

4.9%
5.54%

5.40%
0.04%

Economics
Law
Education
Literature

7.8%

6.7%

2.05%

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

History

25

III. Human Resource in Science and Technology

26

-5 2002006
Overseas Chinese students and returnees
10,000 persons

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Overseas Chinese students

8.4

2.5

.7

.5

.9

.4

Returnees

.2

.8

2.0

2.5

.5

4.2

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

4
Output Indicators

IV. Output Indicators

27

IV. Output Indicators

28

4- 20052006
Patent applications led and patents granted by SIPO*
2006

2005

Patent applications

case

Total

Domestic

Foreign

Total

Domestic

Foreign

476264

857

907

5778

47042

0286

Invention

727

9485

79842

20490

228

8872

Utility model

9566

8085

48

666

59997

69

Design

67

5587

784

2022

88027

295

Patents granted

2400

769

4284

268002

22860

4442

Invention

505

20705

2600

57786

25077

2709

Utility model

7949

787

22

07655

062

4

Design

849

72777

8572

0256

9247

0090

*SIPO State Intellectual Property Ofce of the Peoples Republic of China.

9962006
Patent applications led and patents granted by SIPO

10,000 cases
70

57.3

60
47.6

50
40
30.8
30

26.8

25.3

20
10

35.4

10.3
4.4

11.4
5.1

12.2
6.8

13.4
10.0

1996 1997 1998 1999

17.1
10.5

2000

20.4
11.4

2001

Patent applications

IV. Output Indicators

18.2

19.0

21.4

13.2

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Patents granted

29

IV. Output Indicators

30

4-2 2002006
Domestic service invention patents by sector
case
Patent applications

Patents granted

2003

2004

2005

2006

2003

2004

2005

2006

47

4750

62270

8485

6895

276

476

8400

Higher education

7704

968

464

72

70

484

445

698

Research institutes

47

454

6726

6845

677

2406

242

255

2858

27029

4096

56455

82

628

772

94

458

495

705

87

06

58

7

26

Total

Business

Other organizations

2006
Domestic service invention patents by sector
Patent applications
.%

Patents granted
.2%

2.2%

.7%
8.4%

69.%

5.%

Higher education

Business

Research institutes

Other organizations

IV. Output Indicators

.9%

31

IV. Output Indicators

32

4- 2002006
Domestic S&T papers by type of institution
paper
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

20229

288

274604

77

55070

404858

2608

57984

8902

2470

24609

24485

Research institutes

29085

28779

02

404

80

4254

Business

4452

607

5489

67

404

269

Medical institution

976

2562

242

569

52

928

748

05

848

620

5995

4467

Total
Higher education

Others

4-4 2002006
Chinese S&T papers indexed by SCI, EI and ISTP
paper
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

64526

7795

952

56

574

72055

SCI

5685

40758

49788

5777

68226

7450

EI

8578

2224

24997

500

5462

6542

ISTP

026

4

8567

20479

0786

546

Total

IV. Output Indicators

33

IV. Output Indicators

34

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

5
High Technology

V. High Technology

35

V. High Technology

36

5- 2002006
National imports and exports of high-tech products
USD 100 million
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

464.5

678.6

0.2

65.6

282.5

284.5

%
Share in total exports%

7.5

20.8

25.2

27.9

28.6

29.0

%
Share in industrial manufactured exports%

9.4

22.8

27.

29.9

0.6

0.7

64.

828.4

9.0

6.4

977.

247.0

%
Share in total imports%

26.

28.

28.9

28.7

0.0

.2

%
Share in industrial manufactured imports%

2.4

.7

5.

6.

8.6

40.9

Exports of high-tech products

Imports of high-tech products

9962006
National imports and exports of high-tech products

USD 100 million

2815

3000

2473

2500

2182
1977

2000

1654 1613

1500
1103
1000
500
127

225

163

239

203

292

247

376

370

525

465

679

641

1193

828

41

0
-98
-500

-76

205

-90

-129

1996 1997 1998 1999

Exports

V. High Technology

-155
2000

-177
2001

-150
2002

Imports

342

-90
2003

2004

2005

2006

Balance
37

V. High Technology

38

5-2 2006
National imports and exports of high-tech products by eld
USD million

Total
Computers and telecommunications
Life science technologies

Exports

Imports

Balance

2845

247299

452

224898

7069

54205

642

58

204

6004

087

-948

Computer-integrated manufacturing

2862

9629

-6766

Aerospace

246

58

-0722

Opto-electronics

7070

4094

2976

256

54

0

272

4025

-275

0

22

87

Electronics

Biotechnology
Materials
Other technologies

5- 2002006
Main economic indicators of high-tech industry in total
100 million yuan
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

226

5099

20556

27769

467

4996

095

769

504

64

828

0056

205

464

2042

27846

922

4585

688

74

97

245

42

777

Taxes and prots

08

66

465

784

2090

26

Export

4282

6020

9098

48

766

2476

Gross industrial output

Value added
Revenue from principal business
Prots

V. High Technology

39

V. High Technology

40

5-4 2006
Main economic indicators of high-tech industries
100 million yuan

Gross industrial Value added

Revenue from
output
principal business

Aircraft and spacecraft

Prots

Taxes and
prots

828

24

799

46

6

Computers and ofce equipments

25

2

264

276

59

Electronic and telecommunication equipments

228

58

2069

886

270

Medical equipments and meters

242

777

264

96

279

Pharmaceuticals

509

808

479

7

64

2007
CHINA SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS
DATA BOOK

6
International Comparison

VI. International Comparison

41

VI. International Comparison

42

6- R&D
GERD in selected countries
USD 100 million
3500

3437

3000

3.33
3

2.99

2500
2.61

2.46

2000

2.13

1513

1.97

1.78

1500

1.42
1000

686

500
0

USA
2006

Japan
2005

Germany
2005

1.10
453

France
2005

R&D GERD

396

UK
2005

377

China
2006

250

236

Canada
2006

Korea
2005

189

Italy
2004

GERD/GDP

OECD2007/1
Source: MOST, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2007/1 (OECD), RICYT, UNESCO.

1.07

0.82

0.61

82

73

49

Russia
2005

Brazil
2005

India
2005

6-2 R&D
GERD in selected countries by sector of performance
100

80

71.1

76.9

76.5

70.3

69.3

68.0

61.9

61.6

60

52.4
38.4

40

20

18.9
11.1

9.2

14.3
4.3

0.8
0

China
2006

USA
2006

8.3

13.4

13.9

1.9

Japan
2005

Research institutes

10.6

Germany
2005

8.8
2.2

1.2

France
2005

Business

26.1

25.6

19.5

16.9 17.3

UK
2004

0.5

Canada
2006

Higher education

5.8
0.2

11.9

Russia
2005

9.9
1.4

Korea
2005

Others

OECD2007/1
Source: MOST, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2007/1 (OECD).

VI. International Comparison

43

VI. International Comparison

44

6- R&D
GERD in selected countries by type of activity
4.5

Korea200
Russia200

5.

France200

64.7

5.6

69.4

24.

Japan200

6.2

.

5.2

9.7

22.4

8.7

USA2004
China2006

20.8

64.
2.

60.0

6.8

78.0
20

Basic research

40
Applied research

OECDR&D 2005
Source: MOST, Eurostat, Research & Development Statistics 2005 (OECD).

60

80
Experimental development

00

6-4 R&D
R&D personnel in selected countries

person-year

1,000 person-years
1600

1502.5

160

1400

139

129

1200

115
921.2

1000

124

116

91

800
600

352.5
199.1

200

19

China
2006

Japan
2005

Germany
2005

R&D R&D personnel

80

67

473.7

400

120

919.7

France
2004

Canada
2004

215.3

164.0

Italy
2004

Russia
2005

Korea
2005

40

R&D R&D personnel per 10,000 labor force

OECD2007/1
Source: MOST, Main Science & Technology Indicators 2007/1 (OECD).

VI. International Comparison

45

VI. International Comparison

46

6-5 2005
Invention patents granted in selected countries

case

UK

EPO

6

75

2804

2470

986

6408

25224

556

84

0979

059

5258

0

China

USA

Japan

Korea

Domestic

20705

7467

088

549

9447

084

5

97

Foreign

2600

6969

856

2009

94

979

4005

Total

505 4806

22944

752

290

706

Rank

*
Russia Germany Canada France Australia

*2004
Data for 2004.
2007
SourceWIPO, Industrial Property Statistics (2007).

6-6 2006
S&T papers indexed by SCI, EI and ISTP in selected countries
SCIEI & ISTP
Country

Paper

Total

2052288

00.00

SCI

Rank

Paper

2207

00.00

Rank

China

7878

8.7

784

5.87

USA

590807

28.79

78690

.24

Japan

48887

7.25

88486

7.0

UK

8678

6.76

97942

8.08

Germany

4577

6.56

88850

7.

France

9822

4.57

6565

5.08

Italy

7866

.8

50546

4.7

Canada

77299

.77

54

4.24

Russia

46

2.0



20

.90

4

India

470

2.0

2

027

2.50

2

VI. International Comparison

47

VI. International Comparison

48

5
5888670
5888670
00862
jhs_tjc@most.cn
www.sts.org.cn

Department of Development Planning

Ministry of Science and TechnologyPRC
ADD5 B, Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
Tel+86-0-5888670
Fax+86-0-5888670
Post Code00862
E-mail: jhs_tjc@most.cn
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8
58884578
58884570
0008
cstsa@nrcstd.org.cn

Center for S&T Statistic Analysis

ADDNo. 8 Yuyuantannan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
Tel+86-0-58884578
Fax+86-0-58884570
Post Code0008
E-mail: cstsa@nrcstd.org.cn

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

CHINA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY STATISTICS

DATA BOOK

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA