BUM2133 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

TUTORIAL 3: The Laplace Transform

1. Show from the definition of the Laplace transform that
(a) { }
2
1
2
+
=

s
e L
t
(b) { }
2 2
sin
a s
a
at L
+
=

2. Determine the Laplace transforms of the following functions.
(a) t t 6 5
3
+ (b)
3
) 1 ( + t
(c) t t 3 cos 7 4 sin 2 (d) at
2
cos
(e)
2
) cos (sin t t (f)
5 2
3 t t +
(g) t t 8 sin 8 cos (h) t e
t
4 sin 2
4

(i) t t cos
2
(j)
4 3
t e
t

(k) t e te t
t t
cos
4 3
+ (l) t e t e
t t
5 sin 2 3 cos 7
7 2


3. Find the Laplace transforms of the following functions.
(a)
at
te (b) t e
t
|
o
sin
(c) t e t t
t
3 sin 2 3
2
(d) t t t e
t
5 sin
2 3 2
+
(e)
t t
e t t e
2 2 2
3 cos

(f) t e e t
t t
7 cos
4 5

(g) t e te t
t t
cos
4 3
+ (h) t t 6 sin

4. Find the Laplace transform for the following function.
(a) { } ) 1 ( ] 6 ) 1 ( ) 1 [(
3
+ + t H t t L
(b) { } ) 3 ( ) 1 3 2 (
2
+ t H t t L
(c) { } ) 3 (

t H e L
t

(d) { } ) 2 ( ) 2 cos( t t t H t L

5. Find the inverse Laplace transform of
(a)
3
4
s
(b)
6
3
+ s

(c)
16
3
2
s
(d)
4
2
s
s

(e)
4
2 3
2
+
+
s
s
(f)
9
3 7
2

+
s
s

(g)
3
5
+ s
(h)
8 2
3
s

(i)
4 ) 1 (
6
2
+ + s
(j)
16 ) 3 (
1
2
+ +
+
s
s

(k)
2
1 2
+
+
s s
(l)
9
6
6
5
2
+

s
s
s

(m)
9
2
2
+
+
s
s
(n)
4
5 2
2

+
s
s


6. Find the inverse Laplace transform of
(a)
4
2
) 1 ( s
s
(b)
1 4 4
5 3
2
+ +

s s
s

(c)
5 4
13 8
2
+
+
s s
s
(d)
16 8 2
3 2
2
+

s s
s

(e)
16 ) 6 (
3
2
+ + s
(f)
5 4
1
2
+ + s s

(g)
1 ) 3 (
2
+ + s
s
(h)
1 2
6
2
+ +

s s
s







7. By using the second shift theorem, find the inverse Laplace transform of
(a)
2
2
s
e
s
(b)
3
4
) 2 ( +

s
e
s

(c)
4
2
+

s
se
s t
(d)
13 6
) 3 (
2
2
1
+
+

s s
e s
s t


8. Express the following expressions as partial fractions. Hence find their inverse
Laplace transforms.
(a)
) 1 (
1
s s
(b)
) 1 )( 1 (
1 2
2
2
+ +
+ +
s s
s s

(c)
) 4 )( 1 (
2 2
+ + s s
s
(d)
2 3
3
) 1 (
3 6 5
+

s s
s s

(e)
) 2 ( ) 1 (
6 3
2
2
+
+
s s
s
(f)
) 5 4 )( 2 (
3
2
+ + + s s s

(g)
) 2 2 )( 2 2 (
2 2
+ + + s s s s
s
(h)
) 2 2 ( ) 2 (
10 8
2 2
+ + +
+
s s s
s

(i)
) 3 )( 2 )( 1 (
26 23 5
2

+
s s s
s s
(k)
) 10 2 )( 2 (
1
2
+

s s s
s


9. Use the convolution theorem to determine the inverse Laplace transforms of
(a)
) 3 (
1
+ s s
(b)
) 2 (
4
2
s s

(c)
) 2 )( 3 (
1
+ s s
(d)
2 2 2
) ( a s
s
+

(e)
) 4 )( 1 (
2
+ s s
s
(f)
) 1 (
2
2 3
+ s s


10. Solve the following differential equations using Laplace transforms.
(a) 0 ) 0 ( = = + '

y e y y
t

(b) 1 ) 0 ( 2
2
= = + ' y t y y
(c)
2 1 2
2 2 ) 1 ( e

= = + ' e e y t y y
t

(d) 0 ) 0 ( cost = = ' y y y
(e) 1 ) 0 ( e
2
= = + '

y t y y
t


11. Solve the following differential equations using Laplace transforms.
(a) 1 ) 0 ( , 2 ) 0 ( 3 2
2
2
= ' = = + y y t y
dx
dy
dx
y d

(b) 0 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 0 ( sin 2
2
2
= ' = = y y t y
dx
dy
dx
y d

(c) 5 ) 0 ( , 0 ) 0 ( 4 4
2
2
2
= ' = = y y e y
dx
y d
t

(d) 2 ) 0 ( , 5 ) 0 ( 15 4
2
2
= ' = = + y y e y
dx
y d
t



12. Using Laplace Transform methods solve for 0 > t the following simultaneous
differential equations, subject to the given initial conditions. (Readers are encouraged
to check their solution using an appropriate software package).

(a)
t
e y
dt
dy
dt
dx
2
9 2 2

=
0 37 4 4 2 = + + y x
dt
dy
dt
dx

subject to 0 = x and
4
1
= y at 0 = t

(b) t y x
dt
dy
dt
dx
sin 5 2 = + +

t
e y x
dt
dy
dt
dx
= + + 3 2
subject to 0 = x and 0 = y at 0 = t

(c) x y
dt
x d
2
2
2
=
y x
dt
y d
2
2
2
=
subject to 4 = x , 2 = y , 0 =
dt
dx
and 0 =
dt
dy
at 0 = t

(d) 0 6 12 5
2
2
2
2
= + + x
dt
y d
dt
x d

0 6 16 5
2
2
2
2
= + + y
dt
y d
dt
x d

subject to
4
7
= x , 1 = y , 0 =
dt
dx
and 0 =
dt
dy
at 0 = t

(e) x y
dt
dy
dt
dx
dt
y d
dt
x d
9 3 2
2
2
2
2
=
x y
dt
dy
dt
dx
dt
y d
dt
x d
7 5 2
2
2
2
2
= + +
subject to 1 = =
dt
dx
x and 0 = =
dt
dy
y at 0 = t

Answer for Question 12
( )
(

+ =
=
t t t
t t
e e e t x
e e t y a
4
11
4
15
4
1
) (
8
1
8
3
) ( 12
3 2
3

( )
t t
t t
e t t e t x
t e e t y b
+ + =
+ =
sin 5 3 cos 5 ) (
sin 5 3 2 ) ( 12
2
2

( )
t t t x
t t t y c
3 cos cos 3 ) (
3 cos cos 3 ) ( 12
+ =
=

( )
t t t x
t t t y d
10
3
cos
8
3
6 cos
2
3
) (
10
3
cos
4
5
6 cos
4
1
) ( 12
=
+ =

( )
t
t
e t t t x
e t t t y e
3
1
2 sin
3
1
2 cos
3
2
) (
3
2
2 sin
3
1
2 cos
3
2
) ( 12
+ + =
+ =