November | December 2011 Feature title: Marine based protein hydrolysate improve the performance of feeds containing a low

level of fish meal

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The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

F: Protein hydrolysate

Table 1: Feed formulations

Raw materials

FM5

FM10

FM20

Marine based protein hydrolysate

improve the performance of feeds containing a low level of fish meal
by V Fournier, M Herault, M Hervy, Aquativ, ZA du Gohlis 56250 Elven, France, Email: vfournier@diana-aqua.com
uring the last 20 years, fishmeal and fish oil replacement has become a major concern for the aquafeed industry to anticipate the exceptional aquaculture growth and the lack of marine raw materials availability forecasted for the coming years. The dietary level of fishmeal remains a key driver of the feed performance, affecting feed palatability and feed utilization. Year after year, the level of fishmeal in feeds designed for carnivorous species tends to decrease and is closed to reach a critical level for growth and feed utilisation. Plant and land-based feedstuffs are now commonly used in aquafeed formulations with success as an alternative to fishmeal but many studies have shown that balancing the dietary amino acid profile of plant rich diets to meet the fish amino acid requirements is not enough efficient to get satisfying fish and feed performances. Fish are highly responsive to the low molecular weight nitrogen compounds coming from marine raw materials. They stimulate feed intake, growth and immune system. Plant-based and land-based raw materials are poor in these highly soluble compounds which could explain their lack of performance when used at a high level of incorporation in diets. A solution to balance the level of soluble compounds and the feed protein molecular weight profile would be the incorporation of an adequate level of marine based protein hydrolysate. Aquativ is specialised in the production of protein hydrolysate from raw materials from different origin through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. The core expertise of Aquativ makes possible to closely control the size of peptides generated during the process to reach the highest performance. Many studies have been conducted by Aquativ to demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of hydrolysate at graded dietary level of fish meal. Some results are presented below.

Fish meal LT Marine hydrolysate Corn gluten meal Wheat gluten meal Rapeseed meal Soyben meal (48 CP) Wheat meal DL methionine Lysine HCL Monocalcium phosphate Fish oil

5.00 0.00 17.00 19.71 11.15 17.00 10.00 0.57 1.58 2.48 13.20 2.31

10.00 0.00 15.00 18.92 9.00 15.00 12.83 0.53 1.44 2.08 12.88 2.31

Materials and methods

Three diets have been formulated to contain a graded level of fish meal (five percent, 10 percent and 20 percent, corresponding to diets FM5, FM10 and FM20 respectively) while meeting all the dietary requirements for European seabass (see Table 1). A fourth diet (FM5 + 5%MH) was formulated from the diet FM10, five percent powder marine hydrolysate replacing five percent fishmeal, both raw materials having the same nutritional profile (CP: 65 percent protein; crude fat: 12 percent). All the feeds had the following specifications: crude protein: 460.5 percent, crude fat: 160.5 percent, crude energy: 490050kcal/kg. The trial was conducted in the experimental ow-through facilities of IFREMER, centre de Brest, France. Seawater (salinity: 35g/l) was filtered (high pressure sand filter) and thermoregulated (water temperature: 20 1C). Triplicate groups of 40 juvenile European seabass (initial mean body weight: 7.60.1g) were reared in 24 tanks of 80 one capacity (ow rate: three litres per minute; photoperiod: 12 hours light: 12 hours dark). Three tanks were allotted at random to each diet. The diets were distributed in excess to the fish, by automatic feeder (Arvotech, Finland), 10 times a day, for 56 days. Uneaten feed were collected every day by home-made feed waste collectors, pooled and kept frozen till the end of the trial. Fish were counted and weighted at the beginning of the trial, every four weeks and at the end of the trial. Before every weighing, fish were fasted for 24 hours. Survival was daily checked. Dead fish were counted and weighed. Over the growth period, the following parameters were followed and calculated: survival, specific growth rate, voluntary feed intake and feed efficiency. All data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher

Figure 1: Feed intake in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

Premix

Figure 2: Growth performance in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

intake was not significantly influenced by the feed treatments (see Figure1). After 56 days of trial, the growth performance was significantly decreased (see Figure 2) in fish fed the feed containing the lowest level of fishmeal (FM5). This result is mainly explained by a significant deterioration of the feed utilisation while the dietary fishmeal decreased (see Figure 3). Interestingly, the application of five percent marine hydrolysate allowed restoration of the growth performance at the same level than

the feed containing the highest level of fish meal 20.00 5.00 (FM20). This gain is explained 0.00 5.00 by an improvement of the 12.00 15.00 feed utilisation compared 13.00 18.92 to the treatments with no 7.00 9.00 hydrolysate (FM5). In the 13.00 15.00 same way, the substitution of five percent fishmeal 17.68 12.83 by five percent of hydro0.47 0.53 lysate in the treatment 1.09 1.44 FM10 resulted in a better 1.19 2.08 feed utilisation but not 12.26 12.88 significant. 2.31 2.31 If the marine hydrolysate and fishmeal have very closed amino acid profiles (see Figure 3), the analysis of the protein quality of both raw materials showed that the soluble protein and peptide contribution are higher for the marine hydrolysate (see Figure 4). The dietary inclusion of a high level of peptide had a clear positive effect on the feed utilization by the animal, demonstrating the importance of the protein molecular weight profile in the performance of raw materials and finished feeds

FM5 + 5%MH

F: Protein hydrolysate
Amino acids profile of a Marine hydrolysate and a Fishmeal LT (% of product)

Conclusions
Protein hydrolysates represent key ingredients to sustain the development of highly substituted fish meal feeds. It could enhance significantly the feed nutritional value, providing a high level of essential small soluble compounds not found in most of the non marine origin raw materials.

Figure 3: Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

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Figure 4: Level of soluble protein and protein molecular weight profile (MW, % of soluble protein) of fishmeal and marine hydrolysate test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.

Results and discussion

No significant difference in fish survival was noticed at the end of the trial. Feed

20 || InternatIonal AquAFeed || november-December 2011 20 InternatIonal AquAFeed november-December 2011

november-December 2011 || InternatIonal AquAFeed || 21 november-December 2011 InternatIonal AquAFeed 21

Welcome to ISFNF 2012

in Molde, Norway
Welcome to Molde in 2012 for the 15th consecutive International Symposium of Fish Nutrition and Feeding

4-7. June 2012

Key areas:
Sustainable resources Health, welfare and ethics New methods and working-tools Feed technology and feeding regime Nutrigenomics omics data and system biology models Nutritoxicology Nutrition in whole life cycle

Photograph Fred Jonny Hammeroe

Amino Acids
Headquarters Evonik Industries AG Health & Nutrition feed additives Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany phone +49 6181 59-2256 fax +49 6181 59-6734 Photograph Terje Rakke Europe & Middle East Africa +49 6181 59-6766 Latin America +49 6181 59-6761 North America +1 678 797-4300 Asia North +86 10 85 27-6400 Asia South +65 6890-6861

Choosing the right nutrients for your Aquafeed

Our amino acids help to replace costly and scarce raw materials improve protein balance and production efficiency reduce environmental pollution feed-additives@evonik.com | www.evonik.com/feed-additives

Some conference ingredients:

Get updated on the latest research on sh nutrition and feeding Mingle with the 500 leading sh nutritionists in the world Pre symposium tour to visit industry 4 post symposium sight seeing tours in the beautiful coastal fjords

Noma will host the event along with the Aquaculture Protein Centre (APC), the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB).

Please submit your abstract at www.isfnf.org by 20th January 2012

18 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011

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