c#F\D

V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD
yc v\V[ v~ OL

c#F\D
V>mkxD

Title: Sincerity and Brotherhood

Author: Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (Turkey)
Translator: Asim Alavi
Editor: Moulavi A.L.M. Ibrahim (Gafoori) M.A.
Printed by: IPC Printing Press, 168, Main Street, Mawanella, Sri
Lanka
Publishers:
Copy right:
First Edition : November, 2010
Price:
ISBN:

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c^D
01. c#F\

09

02. VD >D: V>mkD

38

03. AD_ >VV x

68

04. c#F\, V>mkD

_: c#F\D V>mkxD
gEB: ] v\V[ L (m)
\VaBA: gLD s
Vz: \s ._.D. VD () D..
kl|kV:
EV: n D, 168, >V T], \Vk_,
x>u ]A: kD, 2010
]A\:
s:
..>,.:

>VV vVV [
k z]_ km^ zA^

73

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

yc v\V[ v~ LD
km vVV >VzAD

1877D g| ml[ wz V]B]_ >

v~ L km x kVD V][ cBEV

m. E> x[\V]BV VtB kVk
\uV k^, >m m J[Vkm kB]_ 1960D
g| \\VV^. k^ \AZ]BV VtB
_sB \V]\[, T mD u, >E>
VtB QV ]>V. >V_ kz "yc
v\V[' (V][ uA>D) [ EA B kwm.
mB \B\V V c\VMB V][
] V]_ kV> yc v\V[ k^, V][
TEBD x>VD c V xu>V| xoD
cz >MV|V >D xoD c]om
>[ mm V m zBV \VB>D
>m kV V]_ s>V. 1923 x>_ 1950
kBV mB VD Vmz ]V |D
zx BVm k>>D yc v\V[
s>V.
x>VD c >][ [V V z]l_ km

00

01

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

VtB t \V xl u
k>m. V ]_ _VB y >m \V
kz u]KD VtB mBV_^, skV
>^ ] \V> sk]KD > s
V. >uV VtB c[ VzD BVD
\uVV; x[ c\V ]>V. m \V]
\_ >m \Vk c^B Vbk BV[
], 1914D g|, Vm ml[ wz
V]B> gt xB[ iB z ]V
VVV. >[ ]l_ > ]BV |
iB El_ k VD kV k um.
mk VxD \V \V _ ~|
yc v\VM[ kVs_ Am \Vu^ u. V
> s| zBV m \V V> s
V z]l_ yc v\VM[ kVD BEB>>
k>VMVD. "wB v~' "A]B v~>V' BEB
>V. A]B v~ Vm kVsom u m, \V>
\KD ]\V u]KD ]BV]KD, cD\][
Wu E]]KD V> a>V. M_, Am
kBV J ]> VVmV k gB>
kB >k um.
1925D g| ml[ wz V]B]_
]V E k>m. yc v\V[ ]_ >VV
ukV _m >m \Vk #skV
_. \VV EB s|D >[ >k
D k VV.
D VD

k \uz >VoBVz V| ]Bm. >[ z

k> \V >m k^ kz ]ys V>
V\Vk >. >VEBV V| >KD
EkVxD zx\ [V WV
V. k m[A>| a
VmD >m VtB lom uD mk|
VVm c]BV W[V. k J]omD >m \V
ktmD >M\ W]\, kz
\BV>V >> kwBm. V s
B >m "vVV ' (l[ #m) D _Bt
zg[ sB ]V. >V| vVV m
xkmD k mkBmD V sB.
u yc v\V[ V:
""z >k, m B>s[ lV
_m m |V|z cV _; >V_ V[
]VB i W\z [V_ > QV> [
V_ Am V^ B #VzD [MD _.
zgMB V [ >BV|] V^k>uVk
k z u|^ [ c\ Vm Am.
zgz k FD x\V \V\V
BV[ Wkuk>uV luE\V m x
kVD \m^mV_ c[. zgM[ uA>
>[\B Wm V|k>uz > luEB m.''

mB \Vmz ]V s]> zx^ >

VmD, Vbk EVFD xoD; EVD xoD.
gBV_, xD\ \> V Fk> >[V_
xBV> kV]V.

VtB cD\ T\m ou V|k

>uV >V VD, >[ ~\VMKD D
(>V)sKD TD V|k> yc v\V[
>V. > DxD >V| sQVD, >Va_OD
[ B_ \u>BkV]D kV]D V
][ ]V> sVm cAkm cBV

02

03

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

V| kB sB^ c>V.
~\VM[ ]kVD VmV k|D; kB kV_
^ Am\BVk; kuz xV|>uV ~\VMB
E> Ams>\V * B k|D. >uV
m xBuED x|] V xl
V V \uV^ k|D; m c_ Z]BV
V _Vm V_Z]BV V>V k|D.
> c> yc v\V[, \u>B \B\V T
\M>M[ Jz B Vl_ ~\VMmD z
gMmD ]B>[\ >Z]BVD zVF
Z]BVD |m s k>V. mk vVV gzD.
vV n V|> V]B k
V. ]_, k Am\BV xB BVV.
\M>m z>k , ]B>D ]B>D
m V, k[ m ]BD; >V_ k[
kk_\ V >M>k[ [mD ]BD. _
zg[ kM[ kV>, \V^ |k>[
kEBD, \\V^ kk>uV V]BV|D \M>[
\> [ *|D |k>uV V]BV| V[
>D >\V sV. k > Am\BV
bzxB zgMo> u VV.

V. c\l_, |D xBuE Fm T sQVM^ |

m kVm^ D >VV c\^
mD VD ]B\V \VD [> c]BV
>D Fm [> vVV |m V|m.
vVV [ k \V\Vm. m kVu_
t VD k V>]_, yM[
D VmVm kuz Aml|
k>uV B yc v\V[ vVV J\Vk
\uVV. >[ xBmkD [k Vz V^
]m V _m. m V> DAD x
oD^, \u>B\B\VV, xo\_V>V km
sVzD ] tD V>\V >VzVzD.
>uV V^ . T \M>M[ \VW \u
>B kV> E>V_ >VD u, ku \V]D
BV km E]zD Wz >^|^m.
k m >zD \ zwzD
gV^m. |>>u_VD ^s zD w
> k^ u|]^m. km "[?' [ ^
szD >Z]BV ]_ V|zD EDD vVV
VD.

]_ sB >D ck\D x[
km, W\ | V|km, z> Z]BV
skV]m gBku V|, VD >uV sQV
x[u[ m VB \VD [> D,
gV_ kV]^ sQV |AzD x[u
mzD V|zD sBVBV\ z>z kV>
|>D [>D >m m_ Wm V^

Q^ \V]D BV| k> t gw\V ~\VMB

D, V>V \^ s V^B \
BV \ValKD, zs_ s V^B ck\
D |m szkm >[ \uV ED\VzD.
]_ \M>[ |^>[ zV^
uD km \D kuD W> ~uxD,
_Vk uB BV k u k[*m
c]BV ~\V[ V^ k]B c^m [>D vVV

04

05

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

|m V|m. W> kuBD WD\] BD

kD ~\VMB kVz kl_ xBVm [>
>[ m. \KD, WVA \M> g\Vs_
u|mD >D, ], Dl[\ gB VB
VFD k \M> kVs_ sszD \V\V s
Z>D wV szm.

x
_zg[ \M>m A]BD c^V> gu_
D s> m. D D \
|^m, m s>D Bzm [ u gw\V cu
V, k [ |^ [m u gVFm
> |zD _zg[ k Wum. >[
JD \VE\ >B k k_\ V V
[ k[ V[ [>D km EA >[\
^ (LV) [ [>D s V^ kazD.
>V_ \M>[ >m c kVs[ VA s
V^D kazD. yc v\VD EV
zgMB uA>D ]B>D szk>uV >
bzxBB [u^V. ][
AD m kk\|^ s>xD >[ \A\
>[ VM[ uA> nB]u W>u
z Vm\Vk [m \M>z kw z>k
BVm >Z]BV V][ D
szk>[ JD k >m ~\V c]BV
km V^ xD [mD yc v\VM[ kV>
\VzD. kV xoxD V> z> Z]BVk
s ~\V[ V^ k|D k kV]V.
s [uk]_ _k [\^ c^.
kV>xD BukV>xD V]kV>xD \zwD

06

VB J>\V ^sD >D

\V> V [. k[ k[ >V_
[ k[ \m uz |k]_? km
[ T sQVD Ws_? \M>[ \m c
\V| \V V [ k[ *|D |
kV[ [m z> V VzD [ kV>^
k km ~\VB gV FD.
T sQVxD >VaOxD ][ >Vau
V| \V]\ |m^. >[ ckVD u
k V|zD sD ^sz \_ ^s
A[. gV_, ~\VMB V]_ >
VzDVm, m k >[ >VauV|z V_
|m [, >[ _Bu sV>D ]_ V]
m^ uA>D szk>V|, >[ >V >M>k[
[ ]B>D Wm. m km c^]_ \
kD zw>D c|bk>uz ]V, ~\V
\]_ gw\V ]B km.
\M> kVs[ t BV >k \V>
[ukmD k k_\ V V m,
km m wB ]V\^ JxD k
k ka|km\VzD.
zgzD sQVmzD l_ xV|V
sV BVm. \Vu\V \M>zD W>
>D \]BD sQV> AVm
_zgMB kaB [uk>[ J\ m V^
xD [>B yc v\V[ v~ L >m vVV
JD |m V^V.

07

c#F\D V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

 
 

   


 

  

 !"
!#$ 
!

""WB\V VD k>> ]B> V| cD

*m BVD. c#F\BV| _Vk
kzTV. _Vs[ \V\[ #B \VD
k_.''
(q\: 2-3)



    

  

xD\ (v_) sV^: ""Q^ >s>

m \M>D am VkV^; >\m u
m k >s> m \M>D
am VkV^. c#F\[ BVuk^
>s> m \M>D am VkV^. c
#F\BV V] [.'' (_m
mV[ kV> `_ (v_) k^ \Va>V^)
c#F\ [m V]_ > xB\Vm
[> \u kaV_^ |m V|[. c
#F\ >VV^ V sB_ n>
\V]D \V VD szVD.

08

09

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

x>VD DD: xB\V>V ]zD ^s

^s: c EzD EB Vz^ \M>
D kaD [ BkD >\l_
zV>D \m mwA[ Bu|[.
gV_, \>> [ukVD, \V QD,
`mk kaB VD \ VV, >VD
[uD ]B \V> \m >\l_ 
km V^[, >uV VD [? c\
l_ k^>V[ |>k V \]m >\l_
>Vu\ k|D. >Vu\ [ D
\V^m?
]_: \k>xD k\VxD W>, \V]_
gkx^V wkzD > V>V W u|
k>uV _k g>V V_ xB V
VD x[kVD.

kVB V| _k>uV kwszD [

\VxD >kV >B|>|^m. >V|,
km \]Vltm szD VV|
D >\m cVsB EB m V^D
x\V >\m \]V[ k> ~>uz >k
BV OD V V||^.1
kD >\m c VV V||k>VKD,
kVkD >\m m_ BVuk>VKD k
z \]l_ g>V m ku\D D
>V[D sB^ >V mt_. k^ _KD
V> k V>V D >\l_ u
\BD VD VmV xD.
gV_ \V> [ukVmD, c\VmD
VtB \A >VmD W\ s]BV

]B> [ukV \]l_ m ku\ ]

B]K^ zVV_ u|k]_. >V, V|
VzBV \]l_ >Vu\ >uV VD
k^ ]B> k]V^ [m VmD
_. c\ BV>M_, c skV_ _k
>VauV|^ J][ kV kzm >]uzD
u m V||^. EBo_ ~||kV,
\>Vu _s uV V[V[ ^ >kV
>B|^>V|, kV kzm >mzD
>\zD u BV|>|x^. kV
>\m VA k WkuV_ km

1. ! \M>m k> | xBVm. >

~ xD. kz kD V|V_, mu k
\ Vm. k ]_ \V_, km c
#F\l[ > BkD s m V^D. V|D
AwV|D m \M>m kD k V kk>[V_
mkV kz\]BV [\V\V _. \VV, m c#F\B
w> zumV >BVD V\ c^m. >B
kxD D AD c#F\B V]>V|, m u
VBmD >V c#F\B V\V, m
VuV [> [ kVl_ k u|] >>VKD ,
> kVlo[ cz]l_ |D k>BB V| kD.
gBV_, \M>tm k>D AwD ]V>uz
]V, kuom km m k|D. D AwD
m, >s[ [V_ \BV>lwm {|D \M> k\V
!

10

11

x>u V:

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\Vm. k^ km D _V \M>D
>VAm. km V^Z]BV [\VD kB
V> [. J VD, _kVz gBku_
km z [D x[MBD FBV> [.
k_ >sB >V^ g|kV
|D. kwszD kBV \V
\uD V^Z]BV kz\] V ^
VD. B \D D >VuD
[; u\ ku\BV \Vm; V|
kV km.
> m\V B z|>k_ \m c
#F\ \V]\BVzD. c#F\B k>uV ka
\M>[ >m g\VVk ]om _Vk k
zk>[V_ *^k>VzD; >m \VB ]]
|mk> xuV am, _Vs[ ]]B \V]D
g> kzD >[\B c^]_ k>VzD; kD
zg[ k> ]o>VzD:

""WB\V m o _VsD \V]\ c^m.''

(: 27)

^ zg[ k][ >> kV|D

kl_, \VE \uD VV>V Z]BV kz\]
xuV m>VzD.2
2. >z \V_ |>k xu|mD EA>[\B
\m kaVBV VD |m V^ k|D. vVVD
V E zg[ VV|m. c>V mz,
[\V> V|zDV>V _m AB VB>

12



   
   
""#> >kV ]k> >s `o[ *m >
VAD BVm.''
(: 54)

V>\V VD, _VBD, \m k ~A

gBku kz u V|m _Vs[
VA [>D, VtB #> ]k]_ k
> D guk]_ [>D, ]kzD
(>kV) BVm >m V> VA [>D
kVkD s k]>_ kEB\VzD. \V
z k kEB\V _m ku s_ [
>uV k >kV \VV. > c\B
>kV sB k c#F\B m V^k]_
ku kV. _VsV_ m >Vm VzD.




 ?

 
k
 
 
k >z \V xu|>
ADV>V,





 
  


>

k|D. >VD AD \V V o kV\KD, >uV

[\VD k|\ c^\]D g> kV\KD,
>V[ FD \V kV \^ >z ]VD FB
k|\[ ]_ k[ m V^V\KD,
_Vz \V]\ [ c kV| m V^ k|D.
\V kV c_ ]V> ]V>V_, c#F\
am VFs|D. \M>z c\D WBVBD >V[
F[. k^ vV k>uz >BVV
VD. gV_, ku k Wu xBVm. ""k m
kV > kz\]'' D Vm. \VV, k
x \]][ >z \V |>k xu|mD
EA >[\B k|D. kD zg[ kD km
kVs_ k k|D.

13

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

VD V:
ka^ >VD a|>VD B>
>\l_ s uVm VmVm V^[.
gV_, kalK^VV, >\m B> VmV
k m ku\|[. >Vkm, c kVs[
gw]_ J^ ka^ ]B]KD B>V>]KD
D kV>>[ V\V akVkVD
TVD c^. >VD akm^>V_ >\m
> V^ kz >k c^m. k,
zB VmV \uBVm mwD
c>sBD k^ x\>V| km V^[
. k^ BzD V> kaVm [VKD ,
> u\B k^ VmV[. >V_ k
m \A kD V[D, ka| c
#F\ V[D, km BkD c[V| V[D,
km \>WVA >Vu\ V[D |m
V|, >V_ >uVo kuBD FmV^
[. Vku m V^k>uVkD, #B
m[ BuV_ m kuBV] x
BVm. c#F\BV| \M>[ xBuE Fm >|D
>D _V V|k FV[.3

c\VD, ` \A [ukD,
kal_ c^VD, \>kV]D V>\_,
k^ >\m ~\VMo> B> u V^[
. M_, k^ ]B]KD B>V>]KD D
km^>V_ k^ kkVkD >V[ ]B V>l_
>VD, >m >[ VVukV[ [
DAk>VKD >Mmkm[ Bu|[; kz
>Vkm TD u|DVm, \M>D B>Vm _
Vs\ [; kM\ c>sD >|
[; km kaxz \Vu\V bzx
bkVm c>sD mwAD kEB\V k
z >[|k]_. k, c[V|V, u
\V >k >V k^ > \VV^. c\
l_, kV>xD \V z \BV>KD
\V z\V, z^V >VD \V]D>V[
BD \u kD wBD bkV^;
D zV>xD ]mD [mD > m
V^D. c#F\ sB|k>V|
>[ >VauV|D E>m VzD.
> mBt W\l[ g>V som
VmVA k>uz [m kax^ \V]D c^:

3 gD! _ m[ k >|ku k u ykV

[m { c\ s]. >[ VD sV\Vm. m
cBV|m.

1. V>\V Bu_. >Vkm, >m V^lKD

bzxlKD u]BV|D, ck\V
>V|D Bu|km. |>km kax ]m
s\E> >s>_. km V>l_ z| >
FkmD km V^ kDAz mD, >
uB xD zkmD xuV >s_.

14

15

""...\KD >z (|D) >kl> V]KD, >s

\uk >>|m V^kV^.''
(_i: 9)

> V]om VmVA k>uz k\ VmD.

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

2. kax_ c^ xV| mkm

s| VtB zl[ yM[ [\V [_.
u\ u>D [A, V>mkD _o
D gBku_ gk>_.
3. ""m kax z EVmD BVmD, gV_
m kax \V]D>V[ BV>_'' [ ]BV
>B >_. >m kax \V]D>V[
k>[ JD k \uBVm kax^
>D > VFB x>V kzD VB
kV|V. > c\ kzD BVm.
4. ~\VMB \^ \]l_ u\ >Vm
_Vs[ VmVk >\>V V^km D, ]
B> >Bm D DA>_.
5. ] t \M>[ >Mm W[ , zmD ka
mD | \V>\V ]kVF> EA >E
^ B[ t \V]V_, k WBD >Vu
|kV [ c\B c>_. >V| ka
[ > B BB ]m Wu>uz
u\B ka [> u V^_.

> [m s]D |\M_, c#F

\BD >[ >VauVD EV VmVm
 xD.4

J[VD V:
]B> [ukV, \]l_ m ku\
kkm k^ VkxD kD uk^ [>
VV _m kaz \]l_ u\ >V[km
k^ c[> k WD ukV [
[>VV _. c\ BV>M_, kalK^V
>\m c[>\V gkD cD >kV
BV xBuE[. >VD _ AD ]EV
uBV o \\l_ >z |>ks
[ \z ]\V >Vm k|D
] Bu|[. ""> [\ V[>V[ >
V^ k|D; D\M> V[>V[ ka|>
k|D; D\M>^ m V> \V]\
k|D'' k ] komV. >[ JD
>[V_ >kV l_ ~||D V>z
]V VV\BD zV>>D kV. >m

9. sV>D VV|k>V_ u|D u [>

]V> xuV s_.

4. ]^ zgMB \M>[ [ m _
>k^ ] V_ km Vm ]BV \>
WVA]V V>V|V^ g>Vk\V
y_ z|^. V]_ ]B kalK^
\M>^ >\m ~\VMB V>[ c#F\BV| [
|km \V]\_, \VV >kz \]lK^ B]D
\x^ _ \M>D B k|D. k
lK^ \>Z]BV m ku\ >uVo\VkD
skV>mz |m V^Vm, km Vm ]BV V
]> ]m VV x[k k|D.

16

17

6. ]B][ V >Vz>oom ]B> Vm

V>_.
7. BD, >u\ gBku s|>_.
8. BkD [ >kV V> s_.

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c\BV g>kD [D V>mk>D

k WuzD >m c\BV V> ]m Wu
>|V. ""[ m EiB^ kD _[?
[ [MD k V[ ]\V EiB^
Vm?'' V[ ^s >[^ , >m z
\BVk>V|, V \V[\ D yV> VFz
>[ g|] V^V. km c#F\ VF
BkmV kVl_ ]| s|m.
> D >kzD VBmzD, VB c s
mz\V \m, "_Vs[ ]]B k_ c
#F\B ka' [ VV [uk>VzD; ]
BVV >[ [uk>VV _m ku
z \_ kuB Fm V^[ [>VV c
#F\B m V^ VmD xBVm. M_,
] lV \ >z u >kmD
ku^ |kmD _Vs[ ] \k.
ku k>\V k xBVm, >V_ u
V^ kBm>V[. Ek, BV kV>
\M> ka|], > EBkz _V
s[ ]V>> kV >|D. ]
BVV >m l_ B k|D [ g
]D Vm. M_ BV \M> c
#F\BV| ]B][V_ kaV|km glD ka
V|k>s _Vz ckV BV VD.
xoD D\M>D k|\VVKD, s]_
k|\VVKD B[|D [ >VV \\ c
#F\lmD ]B]mD k|>VzD. ""k^
[M]_ \V]D VD u|D, >[ JD

18

kz\] zD'' [ \Vm \Vl[

>]\VzD.
>z \V]\ \\l_ ] EV o
k|\, gV_ \\ oz V>\V VB
> FBV> VV \M>! BV \V^
>\m mk B EV \uVVmD, Vu
\V >V B u V|, \_V E
V oBD u V. c\BV
] \^ >VB u V^k]_ c^m. ""
kD m s\|^'' xwzk>[ JD
cm c\BV V \m, _Vz \V]
x^ l_ >l xBuEVF \M>V! k,
_Vs[ l_ VkEB\V >lVm cz
>|^ kB F!
>V|, ]B> s\|m _m E o u
V^kV \M>z]_ \V]\_ c^. _Vs[
B AV \m kVwBD, \VlV
\VD ]_ WD >[ m V
D m kD k[. >BVD _V
s[ kz\]z >BVV. cz >VV\V
EA o k|\M_, c#F\B ]
V\V km >[ l VB\Vu^.
Vm cm V kBVzD c#F\D #B
mD B kV kV>D cl V|
| x[V| k|D. m ]_ s\|V
km sD m, | cz
\_V o >k>uV \|D. c>Vmz
^ "_Dmo_V' >k \Va>V_, m

19

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

_Vs[ \][ Vu_ t_oB[ \V

, >[ EB, B m kV>D ] F
B| s|D. ] QVx^ >V[ (_V) >
D >V>\VkV _m TVkV ckV
s_. k[ \u ] kVF> kV>
>kBV V> Vm m^
V[. > BV kV>^ Vu JD clV|
|sV_, kBV M^ kVl_ OwkmV,
k uA> A[ Vm_ OwD. gV_,
_Vs[ ]V>xD c#F\D \u
kV>z clV| x[kVsV_, ku
k\ kVBV_ \Va>\V BV o \V]\
zD. m z_ M\BV, V\V _V>]V_
> kD s\|]_ [ kl_ zg
{mD \M>! sB> u k]_ |D.

V[VD V:
kalK^V \]lK^ \D, m
ku\D kV kD V|D ]V s
xBV> TD V\VD zB \
V[\ V\VD u|k]_BV, kV ka
m \k\V V|D u\D k
]K^ # VmD c[> VklmD skV
u|k]_. c\l_, kalK^V, >VD u^
]BxD B>V>xD km kV kaB >kV
V^>V_, \Vl[ z|>\V #|>_
z \ \VV^. \VV, >\m c^]mD
A]lmD #Vz^ \ #|>_ [ukV
^. D, k^ >\m ]l[ AM>>[\B
V\KD c#F\l_ VV\KD Bu|

20

k>V_ >\m cB >V> V xBVm,

s_ J s|[.
ka V>\_, k^ z
\BV \ >|\Vumz c|^>VKD, u\V
>uVo [\B [ \V\V W>
[\B s| {s|D Vo kmz \
|^>VKD kl_ >Vu\ zs_
km. M_, >Vu\ JD 
BD c VxD kz m s|m.
c\BVk, >\m zD > c^
\M>^ u c V>D, c D w
[]^km zkVm>V[. kalK^ \M>^
>\m c^xD D kw^ c[>\V
V \\l_ \V]D W> uo D x\V >\m
VB xs|, >B g> km^m
c\>V[. kD >VD VzD xD ]D uB
BV >D, c#F\D, ]BV cD, \m
[|D _ \VVkxD > V]KD, k^
B c x\BV sB >kB\
lVKD, |>km c\ \]V> TD V
|k>VKD k^ >\m |>V_ zD ]
c[> ]BD w>V| >\m c#F\ E>m
V ka\m V|[. km \\ kV
V \ Vwm s|m; _Vs[ ]]D
k V zs_ k>BVm.
> V#\V VF z\k>uV \m,
]B V>l_ BD \uV^D mk \M
>m kV]_  ]]D \ED V>VzD;

21

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

_Vs[ ]]V k^ kD E>VzD.

k [u, k >\mkmz xu|
m^; ]B V>l_ BD \uV^D \uB \M
>^ >[s \[\BVk^ m^; >[
JD >u\B >>m c#F\B >V
xD. Vu >VBV #B B_, #F\l_V>
_VlD B_s ] \] kVF>m [
\Vz \u cVlom *EB >k_m.
>V, >\mk][ VB VAz \]
lKD, >D\ [ukVz >k x[\
V| k|D. k ]_ E gm^
|D. D m >u\ D c Vlom
*EB >D. k, ku[ J\V c#F\B
Fm V^D, >m \\ kVz >kBV gB>
kD VAD V WkuD kVF
A zD.

n>VD V:
kalK^V \]l_ V|D D m
ku\D, km T][ skV ckV>_.
>V_, ka \]l_ V|D ]t [BD
km ][ skV um\_. c\l_,
\V ~\VMB ][ skVk kaBV
\]l_ V]B u\ V|k]_. >V_,
EB Vz^ ka]_ g[tZ]BV c
D BVm. >V_ k^ ku TV
V|[. WBVm k | m
Wu W]m. [BD >\z kEBD []B
T | [. Vk kVm, gV_
Emz VV >k BV>>V_ >Mm kVm.

22

g|^ {VlD m VmVA D V_ \>

V kV[. T J[ | g\ c]
BV>VD x^ J[ | g\ T\V
>VD V|m. > zg[ O\V>V
VBV k|mm. c>V\V,
(""[D ^ ...'' (Rq: 30))
"' [ kV> gVo cBV|^m.
gV_ m VV Vo_ k]
k|D. 1. ^ V_ [>V_ 2. A \Val_
[\ VmD VVk kk>V_. kV,
(""V|A ^ '' (_V:14))
[ k> Vz^. ]_ ""V^'' [ kV>
Vo_ km^m. D B V|A
^ g. TxD zMD \[\D V
V | DVm xD c]D km \V]
\_Vm { g\>[\D [ D
V V|m. k, ^




 



sBD

  
 kV
mz gV BVm V>\Vm. \VV,
V|A ^ V[ kV[^ >\m >M
]_ D k[. k, km \A
T\V c^>V_ V_ kk> k^ |
[. k sam V BVm >V_
V>\Vm. >V_, ]BkV[^ >\m c]BV
~\V[ V\V _Vs[ >sl_ D k[
. k^ >\m >k \M>]_ \kV
_m k]_ c>s VkV \VV^.
k^ c>s >VKD c>s FkVz VmD
B \VV^. gV_, ckV]V, c>s kD
c\BV >VukVB \m \M>D Bm
[. k^ \]l_ TxD ku WD,

23

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\M>M[ c>s [B\BV> WD \Vzk>V_

>D\ x\BV zD BV \V[.5
]BkV[^ lK^ c\BV >D
B[VD Vm A[. k,
k^ ]_ ws>V_, >[ B skV
slKD sKD sm s|[. >uz \VV, ka
D ]BkV]D >VD TV >V_
>\l_ \A >[ kEB> cm,
\[ > m V^[. m
zD m V^k>uz \A t xBD
[>V_ >\l_ > u|] V^[.
]BkV[z \]l_ V|D VB VFz
V>\V WkV kD zg[ k> kaV|D
>mk\V bk>BVzD.

""\KD cz^  V^Vy^. kVVl[

^ >B> wm s|T^; \KD c^ ko\ z[
s|D...''
(_[V_: 46)
5. \V|K^ ] ]kVF> \A_ \

>V|, J kVs[ B V|D ]

QVt kD kxD ]u V^ k|D.

""[\lKD; B]lKD ^ kVk c>s

Fm V^^; Vk]KD, \lKD ^
kVk c>s Fm V^ kVD; _V
B|^. WB\V _V |\BV >k[.''
(_\V>V: 3)

ku\D D Vmz k V] u
|mD [>D, k ]B \V>BV *m
ka \V]D K] \|mk>uz k
c>sAD [>D VBD Am V^ k|D.
> ]u V|, \k\VD WBVB c
D ]BkV[[ BV ]_ k >[

  
  m


 

 


 
 

>m
 

>

!#"
T>D


  

 
V^

 
k|D.

 
ku WBD cm Fkm _m.
]BV "V[' D \\>B \m, Bk>D
Vo D s|, c#F\B um
V^ k|D.

gVD V

b\ \A x>[\BVm. k \[\BV,
TxD ]\B [MB w>VmD k^ [
DV> \[. |m, g*MBV Vk
l_ \uB VVs zkV > VmD tk
V V |[. km, mwAD ]BVxD
k |mm. \m k>V> k >D
F[.

\M> >[\, VkD, k gBk _V\

BV ]B V>lK^V \]l_ m ku\
>V[m xBVm. >V, kazD
c zD EB \M>zD \]l_ V|D
c skV^ >VV x\mV u\
km \]\, VkD, k gBkuV_

24

25

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

ckV [\_. c\ BV>M_, ]B kalK^V

>\z \\l_ szD kz\] ]u
V| Bu|k>V_, >\m Vk>D kB
D \]\BD > xB\V \_V kz
\] m V^D x\Vk x s|[.
\M>M[ c\BV J>\V > k^
z skVmV sV>>V_ >\m V
V \A VmD t>V xBVm.
k^ V^D skV^ >mD
sV\V VxBm\VzD. gV_ EB
Vz^ ckV] V>\_, km
[ u V[ \||>|^>VKD,
k^ >\m m A[[ >D g\VkD
BVm c [ \V]D x\BV k
m^>VKD, sB]_ kz c>s FBkD
kD u m V^[. J k
sBVV t ] s V|m V m
kVzk>uz V >B km W. ]B kalK^
Vm V]om VzDVm s> \]
t_V> skV_ >\m t ] s \]> J
>\V > ka s|[. k >[
x\BV m, >m m A[[ ]
BD >m kD BVm x\m[ xBuE
>V_ BuBVk m kuB ~ >D. sB
]_ ]BkV[^ >Vu V>V[ FkV^. >
>V_sl[ skV, ]BkV[^ k >zMm,
k\V| >D\ \VFm V^k>V| BkD,
kkD gB VB >[\z^ sm J
s|[. c#F\ VF s|m.

26

]B][ \! mD B>V>]mD
\! kal[ \! ^ kD _V
kB kzS^. > VB gV_o VF c
>Vk>V_, c^ \]lK^ |> \M>[
z m|>Vy^. clV \M>
T VVm  J V^^.
kD zg[ k]K^ QVtz xB B
|mD kl_ cm kVB \m V^^.

""([D k^ >BV[V_) TV VB][

D k^ [ sV_ B\VkV (>
s|D m) [ s|kV^.''
(_AV[:72)



kA ]ltm >Vz>_ kDVm, c^

T| ku\ mm [|k> cm x>_>


   
 
  
  
 
 
\BV m^. \\l_ cm >> mD
WlzD. B A JD ]B V>lK^
V km >zMsomD k\V]omD
*| xD. zgMKD `_ (v_) k[
yKD uV _ ko
>|D V>mkD, D, mwA gBku
xz V| kV^. cx^ m
]D [] cm ~\VMB V>[
\^. m c Vm B
s [\z x^>V ]D. s_ J
sVy^. ""m V[V > kVV E_
sB_ s| TVV\_, _Vk ]BVM>_,
V> V[ku_ s|k['' cz^

27

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

J]om [kVV_, ^ J \
T|mS^. > V]_ ^ >
E_ sB\ u Fm A>^SV m
c\l_ ]xB\V>V |D. E V
gm^ W>, kwmz \VV V_
Vbk EVF Vk_Akm k uBs
EVm. k, >uV]_ ]B kalK^V T
|^>V_, > |D [ V]_, m u
VB\V >[VKD , cm V[V ][
z]B s|km, > EVl[ \ >
V[, glD Vz V>V \BVD. _V
s[ ]]B V x[||D uB EBm,
Bm, xB\Vm, xB\um m V x
BVm. _Vs[ ]]B V s bD
D ]\V \VVD. VB>
] FB B[|> V>][ >[\Bs
>[ JD ]VzD xB\Vm. ]V
zD _Vs[ ]]BVD, B[|]B
JV^ c#F\BVD >V_ sB>
k>uV V>^ mD \]AzBkBVk
zD. ku zm \] xBVm.

>k[. >V_ _Vs[ V>l_ \]

EV V \V[\B >kV B[|]
ku\lKD, sKD J, >\zD VtB J
mzD t D V]A u|m[. \A]_,
EBt kaz V| D >\
l_ u\B VmVzD kEBD c^m. >VD E
VbD c V wV\o>uVD, c
[\ ] k^ zD >kmD VmD
c^ A|>V\o>uVD, k\V]m
\mz s> xD _Vm , >\m g\
>[\BD zkm s V|>D >\
l_ u\B VmV[. m > k\V
D, mV>[\D V>\V>VD >VKD .
>\m >A B[ m V^D Wt>D >
E\V \D B x \m[
c[| x[k[. > \k\V
mwA V\V c\l_ k^ VB [\
m V^k F[.

]B kalK^V \]l_ D ku\BVm

VV\ \uD c[*m^ V gBkuV_ c
kV>_. >V_ cV V EB \M>
]_ D u\ km >VV \D, >[\
gBkuV_ ckVm\_. ]B kalK^V, >\z
~\V[ u >D >V\]mD >[\lmD
cB> VkmD AM>mk> V

s_ ~|| >[ skV mB> sm

VzD ]BkV[! ^ c#F\B wm,
_Vs[ ]V>> k> c^ kVs[
V m[ V_ >kB>V ^
]B yM_ c^V k\VmzD >V_szD c|
]^C^. \V sBKD \\ V> sB
KD, \D VV\D mkxD Vm.
c\l_ k k xBVm. mkxD
VV\D u|k>uV V^ kB[V_,
V V ^ DVmD, BV >s
\_ ^ ]DVmD, VV

30

31

wVD V:

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

kl_ E u|DVmD gzD. u|D

V\V x>o_ mkD u| VV\l_ xm.
[ kBV V m V^k>uV
\M>^ xBuE[. gV_ > kD z[B
>uVo cV_ \M>m _Bu g^ >
D ]]|mD kl_ kw xBVm. k,
\M>l_ VB xV| >V[[m. gV_
\\lV >M\M>z n k #x^ k
VD >VlD \VD _~[D kw
|D. kkVE^ kD >\z kw [
\V]_ x\m[  ]]Bk^.6
\\l_ >V|k>uz > >kD Vm.
>V k Vm. >l_ \\l[
kz\] DV]zD ul_ >VD VD
zV>xD u Vm. zV>mz \
BVm. sB]_ VV\ VV|D k uVB^

Ak>V c V ]VzD Bk
VkV _m c#F\^ gV_ c#F\B
m uBmD clVxD ]VxD [
> u\ BV> J >VkV VD. _V
s[ ^ *mD vVo[^ *mD k zV>>D
VV\BD k>[ JD k c\l_
_Vs[  kD [B xBVm [
>>B >VusV.
> c\B c]|mk>uV DkD:
m x[V^ >VwVk kVkV| \
VV V>V. >k, km kM[

6. >V >om xB\V ^s

m. \\l_ xtz n k #x^
kV >V yL_ s|^m. >
]B> cZ]BV \M> kV Am V^ xD?
]_: _ kV \M>zD >m >M, WB
\u cV[ c^m. B V[ sV\V^ km
c[ #^ km kVwBVzD. >m cA \uD kA
A[V_ k[ >m c sm \V[. k[ >[
Vm V[: ""B[ m sz; ]^ m
\zk]^.'' \uB AmD clkVD kVE
mD Vm km c c\B VmD V]]_.
\VV, k km c m VE F[. >
s>\V>V[, gV_ _Bu t > >]_, kV

xtzD kw|^ gl\VlD \VD _

~[D B >M kVD >V|, kV
kzD k #x^ >M k] VmkV
k]lom zD. >[ \V>u WBV kVkD
k [>D >\m m A[VD, c
VD k[ m^ >z]zD >mzD u
sm V V[. > VmkV k]B |>
kD km sm km _ >kBV V]
D u|>Vm. \VV, m km |] wz
|>k FD. \M>[ _ \ D [D >D
VlKD V^ [D >D k VEomD B[
V[; \V> #D |^ VomD kD
BV ]omD [D V[; km A[^, c ^,
V, ^, Vm^ km k][ mD [>
s[. > V[>V[ ~_V W> k]KD k[
c[ \ VB s>VV, \\l[
kVB B >m A[VKD c VKD
k >V| sV[.

32

33

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

uVBD EAD k x[ _ xl_ c

BV| V>. gV_ k >l| VV
\kV _m V]BkV _. l
l_ k V: ""cm > V, k
mD >BxD c^ k.'' Vm k^ k
VV\D zV>xD ] kkk> VD
k>VM>VD. [ VD VD:
""AM>>[\D \D W> kVs[ g^
V[>V >D c[> WBD kz
kwz[. D ^ m zm VV\
s_. cZ]BV ]BV V \VxD, >BD
V| szxD V|[. AM>>[\
D \D |D Vm k k][ (Diamond) ]D c^ V m|^ V[
u\Vk.''

>V V>^ >BxD \VxD xB\V

>. >[ V\Vk V[ k*m VV\[.
\\B V _KD kal_ V\V z
D >D ] k^m. k
_ k m ]BV VD. gV_ \\
lV m mzB g\ V>V \VVD.''
]B V>l_ B FD _BV! ]
B> WV|k>uV B[m, \V\V
s\] xBV> V> VmVA[ \m
_km V[VzD. k_VD \V\V
\VM>> >\m >V^_ \m [ V[
V k^ >\z c>s >k|DVm c>k x[kD
]t ^ zm \EBk>V| [D
VV|kV^.

k uVs_ szD [D \ED

kuV_ u|D Am>DAD ss_ Am KA >
s|m. gV_, \\ kVsK^ k uVD ,
>[ m ]c[>\V VzD, m s>
VzzD \]lKD \_V [D sk #
VzD. kV xtD >m >su [
sV. k _ > ]\V uB^ Am
i| [\ DV]m [VV m _ [
\V kz \_V [>D \EBD VzD
u >D.

_mD, >[\D, [AD

c>sFB x[kD km cB> >D, s
]D, >\BD zm VV\|k>uz
]V ku \E VV k|D. c\BV
V>mk> kV|D >[\u ]BVt c>s
BV^ *m [ zV>>D VV\D k|D?
m c#F\B w F\_kV! ka^
c^ *m t V_V> zuV| TkV^. c
[ m V^ \V> B[|mV
(B_ cm ~\VMom \z >\Vm),
\V k V> DV]BmV B[|mV;
VBVKD V^ >|D glKD #|
|>k*m zV>D KmV [_VD zu
V|^ kD.

34

35

>uz k B ]_:
""_ VtkD V \m
]m k]>VD. > m V^k>uV

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

> VFV \m |>k *m zuD V|k

>uz x[ cm g\Vk zuDV V^
k>. >V| cm g\Vk s|m, cm Vs[
D W[ k g>>. skV>D AD V>
Q^ kzm^ \BV s]BV[m. >Vkm,
""skV>]_ ~||k_ k >m m \V]\
\V ku k|D D >m kV>\ c\
B W k|\D, ]>[ kV>D
VF k|D D ]_ \EB
VV k ]BV m V^kVkV.'' m\V]
\_, k c\l_ >V_sBV. M_, >B
m[ skV>]_ ku uV_, x[
>z >BV]> sB u V^ \VV.
>V| k V|D \ k >_sBB
V| kD. \Vu\V, skV>]_ >m ]>
kuuV_, k >z >BV]> sB
u V^D \B> >sm V^D
xD. k kV>_ k>VV_, ]B> V>o
zD \BV k >m g\Vs[ V> g
]B][ Vl D FkV. >m ]>
[ kV>]_ c\ > V_ > u
>m >V_sB A V^kV.

""k^ "" t #F\BVk[; z u>

ku >s > uD z _. WB\V
B [>k[. y\V Bk[.'' (_V: 32)


 






 


    


  
 
 

\>kV]D, ]B kal_ c^VD, kal_ c^

\D, k >|kVD > s]B >\m kaV
BV |m VV_ k^ c#F\B m
V^k^. >V| >D\ \\V >BV|mD
_ kz kuD zD. _V >m
V_, kz km mBD mVB Wlo
mD k]omD *E V|V[.

36

37

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

""V>D V^kV^. \M> ([ zu)

D \[Mms|kV. _V (>B) [\
FkV EV[.''
(gK DV[: 134)

]VD >D

V>mkD
m]zB kM[ V\> V| gD[.
km Aw m] FBV> m\ _.

x>VD z]
ku VD Wu [ABV\VB
_Vs[ BV_...

D D: xt[^ \]l_ ckVkmD, E

sB_VD E kmD kl_
sV> ckD ]D kB kV>
VzD zV>xD ckVkmD k>mD a
kVm\VzD. k _VkBV QVmD \uD
V][ c[>\V \M>B][ lKD
VzDVm >M, J \uD gt kVs_ VB
y c| BkBVzD. \V>]_, k
\M> kVk |D ] Vk. > c\
>VV^ V D_ g D
VD



?



 







 



 

!  !"

\V]D
 
  



 
 



 
    


   

 z|VD.
 #
 $ %
& ' 

x>VD DD

""[\D y\D \\V sVm. (g>V_ B!) m

t wV>V > V| (y\B) >|m V^TV!
Vm kzD c\ztl_ \ >>V k
cDxB cu E V_ gs|kV.''
(_Ao: 34)

]B][ V]_ k Vk B_VzD.

xt[l_ sV> ckD ]D
kzD WBVBV \M>! ^ o_ _m
T_ yu [m D zukVD
S^ km V^kVD. > BV Vs c^
\]l_ >V_ > J _m >
T yl| V> c_ k xB[V_, k
k B VsBV V [m cz >D.
k ]V ^ kVD mT^. ]_ [m
VsD BV yu \M>D >VKD >

38

39

""WB\V skVE^ (k \ukz) V>.

gk, (l| V^D) cB V>
l_ \V>V> u|m^.'' (_hV: 10)

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

J m _V s]zD xV>VzD.
>V[>V[, g[t \M>[ D >FT _
D k> xtM[ g\l_ [>_
| ~\V[, VD, WBV[BD V[ yu A
^ zDVm, cz sD>V> k _ J
kV _m km T yl| V>kV ^
xBuEV? ^ F>V_ D \VD
\D w> zumz gVT^.

VD DD
\M>M[ Vmk \B\V km V>VKD
\ [m Vk VB\VzD. D BDV_
[AD D ]V c^k. k m >M
>[\^ VmD xBVm. [ c^
]_ ckVzD EV V^ [m km
c^]_ c\BV [ s>>V_ ^]_
\BVm ck\V \V]\ V|D. m
cs[ ck> D. xt[ tk. k
xt[ *m [A k>V|, >m V> xtM
]_ >Vkm y\ V_ \k>\kV. k
*m m swVm \[\BV xl_ ]> xBuEV.
> V>VB `_ (v_) k^ V^:

^]K^ [A kD ck\Vk \V s|D. m

>]]mD xm]lmD ck |zD.
]t \M>! sV> cD D V>
xtz k V] u|m[ [>
VyV? V>V um|^ Vk s \]BVmD
c \Bs EVmD ^ xu|TVV_
m E\V xV^>\VzD. Vs[ E
V ~\VD c][ \\B V VxD
V][ B EDD [D 
V\ k Wu[. gV_ ^ ~\Vz
]V \B k B \M> T xu
|] V sw>V_, \VD ]lKD \\>
]KD Vk]K\ ~||S^.

B c|B >[\^ km c^
]_ ckV, c\BV > gE F\VV_,

~\VM[ \V| c^^ u\|k> k

Wum. >V_ >Mmk\V \m >V (
D) >Mmkt J>B k Wum. ^
\uVk[ Bl_ \BVuDVm
k[ B_Vk D ckVk> cV_ \
xBVm; ^ kD x \m[ >]l[
z DVm ckzD l_
V>mk kV km. |>k[ _
kVDVm WBV[MBxD AD km.
~\VM[ D cD cz _k kBV 
AD >D VD |kD
V>mk >VAD V >[; kM[
]V\D V[ kD D l_ c^.

40

41

"" xt[ |> xt[ J[ Vz \_

V] Vm.''
(_AV)

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c^ km V[, cm ]], km

zBk[, [ mD >M> k; gl
V sB^ c^ kzD \V]BVkB.
cm , cm \VD, cm V gBD
[>V[; uV sB^ c^ kzD
\V]BVk. cm V\D [. cm \VWD
[, cm V| [; sB^ c^ kzD
\V]BVk. kzD VmkV^ \u
sB^ >Mmk>D, u\BD, [B>D,
[D V>mk kVBD t >kV |
m V|[. >V, c\l_ ][ V^
^ \m z AV> ol_ [V
V[ | u\BVk V|[.
k, > c\ ^ \m, E] k V[
T\V sB m|], xtz ]V
kD sV> ckD BD k
kaFS^. cm c^D \m cm BA]
mD VlVsV_, > VtB 
Az > k\BV> FS^ [>D >
[At ck > a|mS^ [>D >
V>mk c[ > kDA * m V^T^
[>D m V^T^.

J[VD DD
#B ]B kV|D kD zg[ k>
\B\V km VzDVm,

42

""[D (Vk>) \B ({ g\VkV)m

\uV[[ Vk \B \Vm.''
(_[gD: 164)

xt]V ]AkD BD
k>Vm, kD V|D m uA
D B \ms|, km >B
m|] > uA^ >D D Fk
>VzD. m \VD ]D . mV ^ [D
x[ [ > xt[[ yB > V\V,
cm lKD kKD km csD
m sVV_ kD \ku zg[
k][ l_,

?
 


  
    
 
""WB\V \M>[ >kw] ] Bx^k[.''
(VD: 34)

?

   ^

 
t
 
\V\V
 

Vk\V[D m*
D F> zumz gVT^. >V_ Z][
m V>D [m c
[. l_, ""V[ [ kal_>V[
['' cV_ Vu xD?
]B][ V]_ VzDVm, \l
mD m yzmD V^ >D\s_ yV
kB. k ]BV \ V[k. >
V>kV _m |kz \VkV xBVm.
gV_ k yVku [Vk]om u
> x_|mk>[V_ m k sBD. [
c] FD uA^ [ V[ V\Vk.

43

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

ku |>k *m FkmD AkmD ku[

>VauV|_ W[D c^kBVzD. " M[ [
'6 [ w\VaD " V\V ^
E|[' [ kxD \u E>lo>
u|>.
k, ]t \M>! k>V[ ]B][
V\[V_, ]B> >kV Am V^D
gu_ cD c^>[V_, zu\u VmkV
xt[ *mD km z|D][ *mD B zkm
k VB B_ [> Am V^T^.

]BV ]A|> m ] y\VD |zD

yVkV, |> xtM[ V>B _KBu>V
gzD yVkV xBVm.
VD s]: ^ D mD BVk [
cz c\ c^m. gV_ >uV >>
m c\D kl Vm. M_, #F
\Bu m[ c\z s\|V -m
V >VKD B- > xuKD xV
s>]_ s sZ>D ss |D.

6. ""]l[ ] ' [ kV>D uV]_ BtV_

ckVm V. (\VaBV)
7. \Vk]- > m[BV ky[, 10; ykV[ _V~- 91

J[VD s]: ^ \ VV g|k>V_

x>o_ cm c^]K^ \ cz ]V
Bu| > sB^. cm q_
D\VV (y\B #|D g\V) s[ ]BV ^.
>[ zV> csom c mA F^.
M_, |>ks t ]\V V] mk
cz u|mm. VB\> cm c^][
V\V |> xt[^ *m \B ^ TVy
^. [D ^ \ VV g|k>V_, V
D V]kV]D V\V c^. k^ *m c^
B TVD. [A Kmk>[ ]V\V kV
[A z\V kV \ Kmk>[ t
V>\V ]V\V \B zD. cm
]B >Vu VV_, km \B [V_
k_K^. M_ ^ \B V| ]_
>Vz>_ F>V_, k k kBV >Vu
VVKD, k >m c^]_ kB k
>V| \ km c^]_ sVBV m
V zD. gV_ ^ _ xl_ ]>V_,

44

45

V[VD DD
>M kVs[ l_ V>VKD m Vk
\V>. > V[VD D]_ BV|D kD V[z
s]zD s\|^:
x>VD s]: cm V>D mD BV>
^ V_, ""m V> BVmD EVm\VzD''
k>uz cz c\ m. gV_, ""m
V> \V]D>V[ BVm'' cz c\
BVm. \W^ z V xBV>
\Vk zD. Vx^  m |
D k V|D.7
V>l[ l_ VzDVm, cm

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

k \[MA k cm V \V sVD. >

k[ sD >V: BVk BV ]
V_ k czBkV s|k. gV_ akV
k BV ]V_ k E FkV.8 >Vkm,
BV > xtM[ >M BVD ]
>m wmz ]V E Fm cD 
kV. >V[ >V[ k kBV l_
V\_ m VVKD k ~\VMB \M>[ [ k
l_ BVk. E_, ^ \M>
Vm, ""^ _k, ^ _k'' ]D
]D V_ k _kV \VVD. >V_
_k Vm, ""^ k, ^ k''
V_ k kV \VVD. kD zg[ k>
k\V ^. > >FT kV>_ \E
zD VmVAz\V s]^ V]m^.

""([D k^ >BV[V_) TV VB][

D k^ [ sV_ B\VkV (>
s|D m) [ s|kV^.''
(_AV[:72)

""^ \[Mm (>) V|>VmD s|s|,

V>^TVl[, (m cz [) WB\V
_V Vk t \[Mk[; t
Bk[.''
(>VA[: 14)
8. x>: _c >l ykV[ >l- 387

46

V[VD s]: sV> ckD \BD

kV >\m g\VzD >\m ~\VMB V>zD,
[ _Vs[ zD kDA * ywm
V^[. >m sV> c, gBkuV
>m g\Vk V_VV> mBmz gV V^
[. >m ]zD >Vkm kz\]BV _m cBkV
m ^s| kz Bm >m c^>
m[A] V^[. km VV\l[ s
kV ck|]>V_, m[\V |\V\V k>
>B>V zD. M_, VV\ [m x>[
x>o_ VV\ V^k *> g>V s
u|mm. VV\ V^|k *m >V_
u|D gm zkVkV _m [\ _V>
>VkV zD.
VV\zB \m: >m VV\ cEB
#|D D[ >s] xB Vm [>
?


 

    


  


#
   

  
  Vm k, >m

VV\V


V|D.
]lx^ wzD xD >sD z[ \||
> WBu >uVo km^ [> Am V^
kV. ku[ VV Vu\Vk. gV_ k u
|mD ]BV t Bm. _m DM>D V|D
EV VtB AD >kVkD km k
*m VV\ V^k>[V_, k VV\ V^
kB A^ _ [> >kV Am V^
k|D. A km VV\ V^D k
[_ BkV V _m D \M>[ u
VB VwVzD Bo_ ~||kV V. _V
sV_ VV\ V^|k BkV |
kz ] w xu|kV V.

47

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

>m xtM[ mB]_ g>\D _m

km []_ mB\D k _Vs[ s]z
]Vk Bu|V. M_, _Vs[ uV
[B kz k u|[. _Vs[ s]
]V Bu|D k >m x[ uB
_o_ m cm V^k VD, _Vs[
B >FD k >zD m V\_
>|kV\ V.
V[ \] _V> \z ]V
\V kD \]BV kD BD
V|> >kV \VE u V^
xD? V> xoD cz E yz
w>\BV_ k x\BV c> >^ xBVm.
>uV V^ k:
[: km >l_ _Vs[ s]z
m. x>o_ am > \]]
[ u V^^. M_, m _Vz
cB>Vlu!
|: \M>B g\VsmD >VMmD
zD ]_ c^. kuD am s|^. km
c^D kuV_ gt|^m | k *m [A
V, k >V Fm *D k km ]BVV\_
u V]^.
J[: ^ | V^V> _m | V^
sDV> cm >M zV|^ *m VkB
Km^. >uzD z]B am s|^. [

48

*]^ z]B, \[MA JxD Vm V^>_

JxD >[\ JxD ]>V_, WBD ^
cm ]B VV]_ k\V ku V^k
>V|, D Vk]omD g]omD VmVA
T^. gV_, >uz ]V, V>lK^ k
kD D Vm kVBm V, D
\]Bu WBt_V> >uVo\V u c W
_VD V >Vz>_ J\VD zV>D J
\VD kV>D t k[ J\VD ]_ V|
>V_, m ]ys m*KD V> >
]BV>x\VzD; D cm ]D _
\Vm W>\V kVw k>k^ [> V_V\_
V_S^.
^ c EkV >V_, k yzD
\D akVzD zV>xD c^ c^]_ OwB
D >Vy^. k Owm sV_, ku[
z BVy^. ]B> |m^
V _UVL k> k>VM^: ""c\Vm
skV>]_ ~|| m V^ B \]
kVB>>_.'' gD, V^ amVB>V_ m
\]Bu [>V[. c[ B>V> WB mk[V_,
c[ u skV^ k EBmD \]umD
[> s V^ xD. V UVL \KD
V: ""| sB >kV Am V^k]
cmD \WD\] >^m. [
>[\BV| >_, ]B V\BV| \[M>_.''
^ V_: [V_ mD FB
xBVm. z^B \ c km^m.

49

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

[ VJ|kV
\VzD.

V|>V\om

]_ m>V[: yB AD \VVkxD >\m

mz> k VV\_ >V_, ^
m[ BuV]>V_ c^ *m ymD
BVm. cm |V * yBz^ c
BV\ kBVk>V_, ]_ z V xBVm.
cm TD zD D|, k
V> >^ [> \\V ^ u V^k>Vm
k >VD _VsD wV >|km
\VzD. >[ JD ku[ yBsom ^
VmVA T^. [V _V, k[ c
VmVV[. c\l_ sBD u VD mk>uV
VD, >B Vk\[MA > z|mk>u
zD, BV]om wBV> m V|k>uzD,
\ BVm>V[ |mV|k> >|>uz
\BVzD.
kM> sBD: >k, >kV c^
\V Q k, >m VV EB_ V^
V\V >m ]>K^, >m EB_ V^
[ c[V> \uV \V Q >V\VV
s\Em V> k>VM>[. >k
>m EB_ lK^ V k \E
VV V|D >V. EBo_ ~||k>V_
u|D > E\V sk | ]B>[.
>[ z, "">VMtmD EBoomD _V
sD VmVk_ >|['' ()

50

BkV > >om EB s|D

m V[.

n>VD DD
kV> zxD E sB_VD E >KD
J kVs_ t \V\V V]A u|> Bk.
V_: m cD\][ \]lK^
{ VzD yL_ km^m. k >[ m
>ku E >VzD.9 E km VF [
V]D, WBVBD w|D V\ \z ]_
[\^ c^. k cBz WBVBVtm
m *|m. ][ _m V\][ cBz
] [ T\V V\ \ km
c\ VD. >]_ E^ >V_
V\^ >Vk>V ElD [ BD > >D
\ VmVm V^ xD. m^ [V[
\VmDVmD, m ku\^ kzD VmD>V[
c\BVm >m xks_ k|m.
]_:
^sl[ x>_ z]z \m ]_ k\V: >
yL_ zm V|D m ku\BVm V>
9. , >Vt, >t V[ >_ \u y
T\V> V|m. "_\g o_ V' D
>]_ m |>V V|^m.
VEB > k >_ u |D. gV_ k
\z s_. -vV[ VLD _vVoN, \u o[
A \VaBV- \] sz _>Ll[
"]vV i _zV' D V.

51

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\V m ku\BVzD. kV >D >\m V^

B VD FB xBuE[. m
ku\BVm|> >m V^ D
Fm a xBuE>uz ]V kVk
D >\m z ym ]] k FD
xBuEl_ k ~| #|m. V>\V m
ku\B \u y xuV WVm. M_,
E >D m D am V^k
>D zsm. D z_kB >D
V]VV_ V>\V Bu xBVm.
VD z]z \m ]_ k\V: E k>V
m ]B> >VzD zVVkM_, m W
BVBtw|kVm Ao\V \BVD. gV_, >u
V]_ xlK^ E ^ _VD
VVkD WBVBVz >D V| Bk
BV\ \m^. m >z E\V \V^
>[V_, >B VV E _ ~|
zD kD V km k cuV|] g>k
>V_, > VV k V]V! >V,
AM>\V \M>[ D\M>M[ ]>_ BVu
V_ k *m V> kkw V]V.

ku\BVm, Vt VBD >uAwD

\B\V km > [VzD. ]om kBkm
]B][ u^ _. k o[ A
VzD. zV^ u\ >V\Vm>V[. gV_,
k V[ ]\BV m^ tl[ >kV
V]KD [ zsD > V xBVm. k ]
B> >|D V_ ku\V>>V_, k x
V ] Fm *|D [k xBV>
m, \V km s|[.
\V k>VV_: ""_VVk E>_,
_VVk V>_ _VVk yA
_'' (_AV, >V) [ AM> s]B >m kV
kaVBV V^VsV_, D s\ >[
skV ck|zD. "_VV V>_'
Vm, "_VVk y>_' \V]D
\u s]x V\o>V_, ]B W
V k |zD xBuE ]l VF xD.

J[VD z]V \m ]_ k\V: ]lmD

]B]mD BV_ m ku\ u|\VV_ m
kax V> m ku\BVk V|D. z
VD D V>\_ >Vu\
zD. >B ku\BVm ]B][ kV
z]BD >kV k|] V ]BD ]B
>D WV|k>uz \s_ c>s AD. gV_
VV E slom ck|zD m

>B xB WkV[: vFl]V

o (a) k^ >]_ >m ]BVk
>l_ T] k xBuE>V^. Vm ]
o (a) k[ x]_ ct>V. k xB[ k
^ D\M> B s| sV^. BV_
gB\> D\M>[, ""^ [ [ V
FBs_?'' >uz o (a) > ]_: ""V[
cD\ k xBuE>m _VVk. gV_
ctw>Vm cD*m z VD um. V][
V\V cD\ kl>V_ m V][ #F\
| s|D. k W] V[.'' >uz cm

52

53

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\VD k #F\BVV_, c\l_ m ]B

\V\BVzD'' [ > WVV V.

VxD W> B_ \V]\_, VtB J

\A]V AB|D mVx\VzD.

\uV DkD: >k ]] ]M[

> mzDVm V][ BV k
VV. [\Vl> V[ ]BV gE
BV > [ > ]]B km >slo
m sV. M_, Zg > WV|D
Vz[ >B k Wkul>V_
> k[ g\V *m >V\ uzD.
VmzD zD \VWlB
k D\M>M[ > m]V. gV_ km
c^D D\M> *m VD V^ k #B>V_
>m c #|>Kz \| >m ] KmD
V_ >kwm sV.

E] kzD DkD: V[ D VV
V]]_ [V[ \ VV|D z^
>. k^ B l_ ~||
VD Fm V^kV^. _ nDmzD
\u c^ >KD V_>.
gV_, k V]V LV[ _m >V[
V[k Vz ]V l ]|
k>V_ V[ V]> >V, >\m c^T|
kD BD \m ]B xV| >|
{ ]^kV^. ] x\BV sB|D k
u\[ VV|kV^.

] k >D J WkxD, J kVk

g]_ gmD VB VD. m VtB
c^> s| w Fm: WB ]
>D\ >VkDVm, >\lK^ c^T|
D, xV|D, ED \m ku
AD ms|, Vm ]B ]V^k>uV
{ ]D w\Vm EV J s]BVzD.
s]B V \^ Vm km^.
>VD VtB l_ ~||VD Vu
V^kVz [ >m? VomD ]
z^ [[ [ [V > km \m cD\>
>VzDVm, k^ >\m kD zV>>D #
m V|, kV>m[ ]z D \m
V|zD kBB F[. m k\VxD

~\V[ Vk! ~\VMB V]> >VBa

>uV > ] V]^ t^ [m
cz >\V? uzD \u ] z^
\B> u^ k^ V[ _V
]KD Vm Wu[. k, ~\VMB z^ >\
l_ \m [[ > |>m |mD
kl_ { ]|, >D\ >uVzD kl_
~| k|D. >\m VV EkD
zV>>D \B\V V| |, VtB
z^ ] |s >Vzk>uV kVl \V
]m V|m ~\V[ V \z V>B
BV? kaD V]D, VD
V mz \u ^ |D. k
mD c[ m B>D m[
>D c^ *m w, VD, EmD

54

55

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

mkmD >D V][. k[ >Vz>

K]V cm ]t g>xD BxD VmVA
bD VtB V>mk> >s kmD
BVm. k, > VtB  u m ku\
D xV|D VF VV km c
Akm \VEzD VtB [zD > \Vu
\Vm [> u E]m V^; c^ z>k
| >m V^^!
`_ (v_) k[ y[ ] V_
>V_, qBVM10V[ yz W> \M>^ >V[,
WVVV \]l_ VkV^. xt[zD
B \M>zD l_ s^ s, ,
xV|^ >D >\m B[V B[|
mkV^. tl_ Vk VtB cD\>
\|k>uz k^ E B >V
VmD!
~\V[ V \! ^ a>D \mk]
om VmVA sDV_, cm z>k
V| E]m, kD bz^ >D Azm s|^.

_Vz BmD V^^. k[ cz

^AkV[.''
(_hV: 10)

>[ JD c[ T >z kV B[
|] WBVBD w V|D WBVBVMtm Vm
VA VD. _Vs[ c VmVkV _m
cm c\ u V^kV cV_ xBVm
VFs|D. T^ \_>D ADVm Ek[
l_ Owm k xD [> V
VVD. >VE_ D \ W k>V_,
E _ ku[ \Wl_ >V> u|]
[ cBD |>> >VwD FBVD. k, ~\V[
V \! cm D E sD cm
> V\V^>[ skV EB >V
VKD ^ >V_sBB |D. cm J u\
l_ E>kD cz gl>V_, kD yv
kV kaVBV |m V^^:

$%
& 
'(  )' *"&+ ?




 

  
 
  !"#

""xt[^ c]BV > V[k^. >[

VD |> V> >V WuzD.''
(_AV)

>V_, D\ \\ k\V]omD aso

mD ^ VmVA T^.

gVD DD
""WB\V skVE^ (k \ukz) V>.
gk, (l| V^D) cB
V>l_ \V>V> u|m^; ^
10. qBVM [m xoD^ \]l_ uV]_ >V[D
>V_ V[ \V z>VzD. m >VV
x[sA^ y_ km^.

\D zV>xD km g[t kVkD k

kaV|D VwV s|D. M_, k km
~ kuz BV c^ c#F\B E>m
s|[. VV \M>[ uVB^ Ak]_
>m ]Bs >V[ cBkV Wl k|
\ VV\ V^k>V_, kV_ _Vs[

56

57

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

]]B V Bu xBVm. k yA kwzDVm

>m Elz VVk yA kwzkV. V|_
kV_KD >m El VVk m V^kV.
k, kV_ ] K> xBVm. gBV_, D
zV>xD m [>mD V
c#F\, ] gBku VwV s|D.
s DD t EVk. D ku
m[ V^VD. M_, ku s
|mk>uV D mk_.

VD z]
ku VD Wu [ABV\VB
_Vs[ BV_...

""WB\V _V k[>V[ (BVkzD) t c

kk[; xBk[; c]BVk[.'' (>VBV: 58)

"">BV V^- k >^ ck \m

]k]_. _Vk kuzD czD ck
V[. k[ skVD [>kD gkV[.'' (29:60)

~\V[ V \! \ >B V]A

u|mD [> Vm ^ sl^.
\ V[ VtB kVk azD [V
VB VF > m V^^. m>V[

58

V! VBVm >V_s \V[\, _B[

\VW, k\VD gBkuB V| kD. i
xD kxD u|k>uz VB V\V \m.
R> JD B Js ]\V V m
c_ m ]>m. >V_ kz u
aD kx\ > c\B c]|mk>uV
>kV g>V\VzD. VBVm clkVD m
AKD >m yB V]A u|mm.
][ t B KD t EB KD
> VVD. >uz \Vu\V, _Vs[ *m >m
skV VAVs| x xBuE Fm >m
gV> > V^kz \WD\] >V|,
>[ _ >VD tBzD ]ozD.
cl^, m >kBV AV w\
D >VkD \]]BV| >\m _
>\m skV



  





!"#$


 




k[


Wu[.

  

  k

 !">u\BVm
_Vs[ \_ Vs| >VB ku
[ c ku > _m. k ts
]\V [D ~[|[. >uz \Vu\V,
tV >\m ck > V m m
][. lmD, ] imz \]l_
zBVk ck u V^[. t c
V>\_ [ BV s>]_ V]B
c m. M_, k >\m T>D
BV\BD _VsD \m k[ *m >kz_
km xBuE F[.
gV_ VB VV V[ T\V
t^ *m VFm >\m F>| xBuE FD

59

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

w]V_, ] i][ [ { ck u

V^[. VB km >k^
V\_ >Fm. >V_ _Vs[ *m
>kz_ km \ ]][ xBuE Fk> _V
s[ ^ kwz[m.
\M> c_, R> B Js ]\V
V V| c u m^>V|, c kVs_
ys k[ J^ J\VzD. gV_ cw
A[ k^ DV]zD k \Vm, sV>
\V V>VzD. >[ *m >uVo\V c\ VV|D
R>z zD V Vu\Vm. >
sV> _k]V_ kz >_VD kxD
k\VxD >VD k^ *m m \M>tm
km sD Vx\VzD. V k\V>D w
\ V|k\[> m >kV |m V|m.
VV[ D imz^V V\V c>V
VVD. "V \Vu>D D i>
\ >D' [m cVsB c\BVzD. c\
mk[>V_, ^ _kD > gV_, V
B mm, \]][ xBuE F^, m >VV
\V km zsD, [V _V.
\]]^ kzD VVz\V
c>VD, >B >E>uV km >
\mz [ \M> V[m. ]_
k >z^ V: ""> [ c^ _
\] >>V VmD. z>D klK^ zo
m VmVA VD. >Vk>V Jl_ [
cVD k V_ m z zD VzD.''

60

V\k[ k>V| >[ VV[. _V

D >z VB\V \BV> FB k|\ b
V[. ""z ] xBmkx^ ] gD >
k|D'' ]V>kV \]_ Owm, ]
xBmkt > |m ] 
]m V]V[. gV_ > > \][ \
]V k wm xBt_V> >VkV ]_
\ FV. k]Vz [ Kmk>uz ]V,
k*m V\m >m c^>s_ ] yV.
>[ JD D\M> >BB A|]
sV.
x>_ \M>V t kV \]_ Owm
>VkV ]_ \m V^V. km gD\u
Vz \]VB \w km. k wm
xBmkx^ ]_ \ FV. >[ skV
k \W k>V| ]\]D [D Km
V.
Vm V^. > c\Vm ku V[
Wu [ABVm > \D. ][
\uVm km BV_ s k
t sm \ V[m. ]K^ _k >>B
gVD ^D > >\BV
u z|>|^. kVVm kk
>z]u g_ \^ \ k|D [>D
V|m.
\KD t EB sB_ V >m yB
z> kV|k> k>VMVD. c>V\V,

61

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\M>M]_ V^ V_, ]_
V[ >[ zD V k k
V. k V|D \V. gV_ \]BV
k *m >VD V s>V| V|
V. m _V \M>D > sBD.
kV c>V> k>VV_, {s_ ^
W]V^ >k xBuEmD W] ks_
B km V^kVD. Vm ^ V>\V W]
V^D \VWB kkwm VV_ W]
kVD. \VV, ^ V V|, W] kV, W]
kV >u V>V_ m x\BV c
tm su [ s|D.
\uV c>VD. ^ xB sB\V k
] V]S^. gV_, k [D km
s_. ^ V, k [D ks_
>u\>V_, WBD ^ V\lwm s>
s|D kB s|T^. k Vu ][ [
k kms |D. >V_ > s cm
xBuE TVm \V]\.
k mz\V VD >V: VB
\>|>uz, kB cm l|, k
Fm, >VMB> k B]>V_ m \VkV
k|D. [ \Vk k Fm cl_ |
[ m VBVzD. > \V]>V[ c[
kV sB>D z|mk>u \]BV
x\BV[ _Vs[ QV>V_ s]|^m.
k, k >u>VKD VBVKD c>| >

62

\]BV x\B ]u V^Vm VB\Vu

sw>V_ k [_ skV _m >m
m V^ xBVm >V_sBkV.
>m V m >|k]_ xJV >u
, c >|D Vl_ V>R|^
V>! VBVm V]D ak\ >
>D. zDVm [ ^ VBV_ #
| > >\V VB_VD ~||S^?
[ VD-V_ V\_ _k> V
[ m ]S^? >[ JD cm \\
B_kV VwVm? cm V V\V V][
>V #_ [V vV> s| s!
vV [m kzD a c| m]i
> VzD ]^ [! vV> K>Vm
_k> mkm^ km > vV >V
k kal_ >Vm VVD. [_ > Bu
kBV[_ s|kV _m kV m]iD
> ktm m _KD.
x>VD cV u V> n>VD
kD { V[ \Vu k [. ]_
kD ^s [MD m: ""xoD cD\>
>uVm V]m^ M, V^ wA, clwA^
gBkuV VD [?''
V[ s_ > ]_: ""\z _V kwB _
k]_ Ekuz ]_ [D k Ekuz Vu
]_ [D |^V[. V|]>V_ kB
kM[ mgsom VxD B]VD; ]AD

63

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

D V kVm >|zD. gV_

\m V V V\V vV V| \m s
VD. k, _V \z V>\V Vu]om
x>D \z V>\V ]om D |m
sV[.''
""k[ kV kxD \V>D V[A zD
\z sV[. ]_ m s> V[^ c^. gV_
V\V \m c^k #|D g\V *m >VD
V > \Et V[ >Vus_. k,
_V \z nm k MB >m >>V[.
m m k k \z^ u|]Bm.''
"" V[ m V[z \ ]_ \
> s| >FT kzV >Vl_
~||D _V \z lV[. m >D
D cuV>D g[\ ]]BD >k_m. gV_ \m
VDo[ V\V > Am sVD; \uB
m J[ \[ m >D T
>VD. \m >kV V\V >VBs
\V >V xBV> k>x^ culuEB _V
>>V[.''
[ V[ mlm E]m V>[. >
s_ >V c\ V]m^> m V
[. vVV [ m n>VD kV>l_ Wk
|^m V[, zgMB VV| T V
m[ | Vl_, \M>m J kVs[ m
|D WD\]lwAD | Vom
[:

64

[: m kl WDB z, |>k MBV_

>V_ [?
|: k F, ]om V[ V|[.
> | t >\ k ][>D
vV> s|D w>D clkVw F[.
> B J VB z|>^ ka vV>
cVsB Wk\V WV FkmD VB
kB x\BV >Fkm\VzD. vV [m >M
zD z JmzD \V]\_, x
\M> JmzD >V>D >D V|k
k_m. \M>^ kzV c^. [ \_ kz
. |>m Vm\^. \_ kzm c^_
Vm\^ *m BD >VV z>D k
>uz > vV>V_ \V]\ xD. vV \
|sV_, cB kz Vm\^ *m _
m[ zx BV kVFA cVzD. >
V_ Vm\^ \_ kz *m zV>mD
mkmD >m VFkV^. >VE
BV kD kzztl_ mV>
B\ VVD. ]l_ iBVs_ k>m
V[, x>V->VaV kzlV VV
k m kzD.
>[\D _ \VED c^ \! >VV
\xD ]> \xD >k! vV D Wk
][ BV_ VV ^ V sV_, m
J[ yBs u|mD. vV> ^ _V
s[ BV_ kwVsV_ ]_ > >VxD Vm.
\Vu\V, c^ *m^ VB \B >V

65

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

\V w\_ ]m k cz s FB
k|\ ]VS^. >[ JD > wl[
mg cz ]om >Fm V^S^.
wl[ mgk _V s>V| u V^kV[.
c\BVk ^ _V >gVs[ _k>
Wk WBt|^ { ]VB >s k_.
gV_, c _k][ V>V ^ ]
V_, cz kw _kmz [ K>V>
[ \>kVk >|T^. >uz ]V,
_Vs[ BV_ ^ \xkm vV kwV_,
>uzB [\ >V|, _V B _kmz
[ K]BkVD gT^. > w c^ x[
\ c[ W[ E >k Vm.
km >[\VxD V]Vm. k cV |D
mgD |D. kuK^ s]BV> k>V
M^. A]_ zD Az\V V V|
>[ JD Bk]mD, >uAElmD, V
kV \|mk]mD yB s DV
]S^. \A]_, V V|zD _ BB
D FS^. gV_ vV][ BV_ #B
m[ V|]V VB \B W
ku, [\D u V^k>V| c#F\l[
cBWB m, vV]om B>V[
mgkD u V^S^.

BV _V! \m >k xD\ (v_) k^ *m

cm [D BD VakVBV. k^
V^:
"" xt[ |> xtz c]BV >
V[k. >[ z] |> z]B |mm.''
(_AV, xoD)

\KD V^:
""\WkVm VmD aBV> V\VzD.''
(_ , qR])

\KD km z|D] *mD >Vw^ *mD V]

\V>VD VkVBV!

 
     
  
 ! 
 


 
   
 
 


""k^ "" t #F\BVk[; z u>ku

>s > uD z _; WB\V B
[>k[. y\V Bk[.''
(_V: 32)

66

67

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD
""skVE! >kV ]_ DVVku
^ >sm V^^. (M_,) WB\V ]_
E Vk\VzD. (kB zD) ^ ms ms
sVm VD kVD. c_ E E
u AD D kVD. c_ k >m V>M[
\Vt> (k m) k\VlzD Wl_ AE sDA
kVV? Vm > ^ km s|T^. [D
^ _Vz Bm V^^. WB\V _V
Vk*EB tz]BV uk[; t Bk[.''
(_hV: 12)

m c>D Em VzD
_V _V AD.

AD >_ >VV x
k AzxB _Vs[ BV_. kM[
Aw m] FBV> m\ _.
vVV [ >>VD kV> [ z]l_
x>_ [>V c^m. >[ ^ x>VD ][
x>VD z_ AD km uB BV zg[
kD u skV gVB|^m. AD k>
>sm V^ D > k][ kaV u
kV AD k>VmVD [>uV g
uA>\V ka^ u cBV|^m. AD _
[m zgM[ V]_ k k>
B_ s|^m. k, >uz\KD k
sD >kl_. c\l_ zg[ >m W
V |]B [ k szB
>\V _m >kBV _.
AD k> zg[ gs>\V V|m:

>V|, > zg[ kD > Vk> Ak

g V |D Fm >|m.
c\l AD E V> \M> sam
EB kD kD s> V>m.

 k][
 gD]_

kD A >V DvV ( )
^s AD >VMl_ \m^m kzD

(45.
*)*6*/


0 ,#*#-  0
  
(
1
23 *03 !- 
 &
AD
     !
"  km
# $!%& # ! 4 _km
'


.
+7

>D.
-
 1
 2.
-/ 
&^s
10
2
2 4 5&>VMBVm
V_ k][ m Vuz^D m
[, kV V_KzD \] sD [ u
V|m.

k, x>Vkm V_ >m DvV JD

m: "">D guKB \ cD
_BV? >V_, Bo[ ED WBD
cz slz\!''
Vkm kV>BV, ""sDASV?'' m:
""[A _m u|zD \V cm c^D,
] kAzB sB> Ez\ \Vm
s>V?''

68

69

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

J[Vkm kV>BV, ""c_ E E u''

m: ""cm V\> J VAz
[ >m? J kVk azD B
m m^>!''
V[VD kV>BV, ""\Vt> c'' m:
""cm \VM c VFsm? cm k
_ V| cm V| sz^
V[ V\V aS!''
n>VD kV>BV, "">m V>M['' m:
""cD J ckV _m V> c^ *m >V
\V BV>V? V>mk>VKD k c xV
KD c[ m^ >V\V kM[ \Vt
]_ cm _ OwS? > V ]
BV>][ JD cm _V_ cm kBk
B m V^S^ [> AB xBV> A]
\ VFs>V?''
gVD kV>BV ""\>'' m: ""cm
\VE ? m \]D wm, V>
M[ \Vt> k\V xl_ c #|\
cm B_A |\BV s>V?''
\u k>D >[ kV V_D |
\V>\V VzDVm, k# _, AD_ gB
c^mzD, zD, \M> BmzD, \VEzD
J czD V>V> EVzD [m
>kVm.
zg[ AD g uA>\V ka_ V|k

70

>V|, g uA>\V ka_ >|m W>D Fm

[> ^ s V^VD. AD_ [m zV>
xD kV>x^ VV\V[ akV g>\VzD.
>[\Vx^ >kV \M>D > E\V g>
> l_ | \VV. _ \M> >k
V: ""AD _ [m m Wu ]VMBu m
zx^ Tm g>\VzD. > V|
VmD m ]B \B k \V[.''
AD_ [m k st_V> [ k
u k>VzD. m c\BVVKD m A\
BVzD. gV_, m c\ _BM_, k#VzD. m
t VB Vk\VzD.
E z >_ AD_ \]
|m.
[: y\B >|m ]B WV|D V_
]VlD xl k u|DVm.
|: k cz w\V [Vk[
m BVu ]t|DVm cD gV
> kV. Vm ^ s> B V
t[ k>k[ [] c^ VB> VD.
""k[ | km cz V>\V \D''
>uV WBVB>D s xD.
J[: k k\V|mD _m zuD V|D
VVk[, \^ >m V^k>uV \V]D
VD. ""> \D zwDB > J[ [ [
_VD VF k]V'' [> V.

71

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

V[z: k VB[. >m VB

zu B_^ u k > zMBVm, VzVz
V_o, ]_ \E |, \Bm ]k[ >m
zu> \Vk AV[. k u VD.
kVV z >_ ADk>uz
\]|. gV_, m Bm[ >\V ]
B> k>uVD J VD
k|D. k >s> >_ |D A\Vm
sz B A az\V, B u
B am s|D.
k \uVk ADo_ ~|>V_ _m
>m V >uz s\|]>V_, c, ""BV
_V V[ F> BKV [ \[Mm s|
kVBV'' V]>V|, D\M> V_ k
xD \[MA k|D.

c#F\, V>mkD >VV

vVV [ k z]_
km^ zA^
>VD t[oom:
_V >gV >m k_\lmD ~_V 
lmD ]lmD V\V [\BV VBz
c ]V>D yB BKz c >
BD km^V[. k[ km^ c >uo- [\
F>kz B k [> QV
|mD g[\ ]]BVzD. km c >-
B> QVJ|D |\ t \k>BVzD.
c>V\V, xt[lV [Vm
VV> _ D\VzD. >^ g[* ]],
\s>_, \\] V[ c^|^.
k mD \\l_ szD ] Z]BV
kz\] QVmz V| k[. > [>
>\m \_ _VD cVD.
c>V\V, xt[lV ]AD x
V|D km \VEB >V, g\Vz >V

72

73

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

xBV> V\V \B V|m WD\]lw F[.

> V >kz \V sm^[.
xtV V>[ V[ \ VV V
>[. m m c^> kV k>> sm. m
m yBBKV >>V[ >\ cm
V[.
\KD c>VmV, \BV>z >z]BVkz \
BV> V|m, [A >kBVz [A V|
m, kz c>s Fkm mD EV uB
^. >V_ zD g[\ ]]D \s>
WD > \[\BV>[V_, k k k
[> V[>V []_ l] Fm.
k \u uVBV >m clB ]BVD
FB m\ k k^ \BV>BD
ckD >Vus[. >m zw> *m D
VB>V_ >VFz zD g\ ]]D
cD >m zw>V >m clB ]BVD FB
#|D. >m z >V k> B ]m Wuz
\ mk D Va, t c_ >uV E>
>V |mVVzD. xD \BV>D { c
] V| kD [> ]om Am V^
xD. Vkx^ >^ > >kV c
[. k>V[, > mt c[>
k^ B xm.
\KD c>V\V, VlKD T sB]KD
[\V > c^m. m kz > k
>> u|m\[V_, k \ cKz c|
xD xV| FD \WlB V|kV;

74

k ]Az^VkVk V|kV. >V_,

VV\lKD zV>]KD c^ c >
BV>M_, ku V|^km c^> yBV_
k kV k>m VzD. \WsKD
_Vs[ *m >kz_ km Bu|k]KD zD
c [ JD \k>D k\BV_ kB
|D sB xD.
\KD c>V\V, kxD \VAD k *m
V\V \ \m[. M_, kx^ \M>
_VxD \BV>B ]VV. \^ k
> >kBVkm F>V_ k >V mB>V_
V]|kV. M_, \BV> V| x\VaB
| kV xBVm.
\KD c>V\V, , D, >V\ gBku
KD \E>D [^ c^. k k >uA
>|D \ c_ t V]om VmV[.
\KD c>V\V, V \V[\ \uD xD
W V>\Vk sBVBVD FD >lKD
_ { c > c^m. "">VBk
>V|kV'' [m Vm s]. |>k^ uB _
D kV>V, >\zD _D Vm
[> ]u V^|D. >m VtB V>M[
B_z >kV s\Vz, km BK
zD >kV s\ zD [mD >V_ >
s |D [mD c\B.
[D VD. uBD yB BD \u
V_ V| xD. k m V^.

75

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

vVV kVm Wm V|D

zgMB uA> Vm kVEm Vm V
Vz > g[\ Wk V| k|\D,
k^ yB zV_ >V Vm D 
t _VsD \[V|[. k[ VB> zD.

][J[VD t[oom:
J kVk \V|mD >VMB >]D [^m.
>Vkm, xtMD yBwD [>V_, km
m _ wD m Vklom \m
s|m. > >VMB >]> D^ \Bu
\M>^ kV zV| V\V xt[ xuV
k[. D, z> sBD
BV>M_, _V >gV [\ y\ xuKD
BV EAt mV>_ WzDVm, km
y\z \VK^ [\ k> yV[.
>V_ y\ ]V]o>V_ >uu y
V[. y\V ^ sBV]>VKD, y\
BV Aw_ zkV V|k>VKD, Ek k[
[\B V| y\ \m s|kV[.

uB_ \m km yBB ] >Vz

V[. >[ JD >m xt[ *m kA V|
WBVBtwV. ~l[ >[ \]
>V_ x[VK^ \ >uz >BVm. >V
>V[ \M>D. kA D \V[^ u
B_ km om \m^>V_, >
kV_ V xBVm^m. >[\ k[ B
\m, ~l[ V[>V E y\B km >m
VtB V>[ *m k zk>[ J\V J
kVkB wV s|V[.

\ ][ V[VD kV>
m J kVsom V[ u c]V|D kV
|KD m gF^ J\V uV \u\V
sBD w >|m:

k, \m c skV c x^ \K^ >FT

]l[ l \B k|D. km uB_^
>]KD sKD km yB B_s ]\V
>V_ k [AD \BV>D K> >z]BV
k. c\l_, km BV uBKV km
yBB_ \[Mm s|k> EVm.

kVs[ t ] mzB sBD \BVzD. t

] zB sBD \BVzD. >Vkm, D b
km, D VV|km, V|m, D u V^
km gBk \M>m J kVk VmVV>VD
\E^>VD gzD. k \ ]\]t
V>VzD. \D \ VV|>KD E\VmD
V>\Vm\VzD. k \M>M[ J kVk A
zwBm^>V_, k _VkuDs ]\V
k>mD i>m\VzD. sBD
vVV [ m VD >]_ >
|^>V_ \V E sB >VD.

gV_, \M>V >m V B_A V\VD,

>VM[ #|>VKD [V \M>M]K^

\ VV|k>uzD k ctk>uzxB
VD \B sm. \ | a>D

76

77

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

mzD [> | c >D >kV D

m V s. \ s> V]\V [\
D _V> z [m >kV sm. k, cm
]l[ y\^ cm ]A #sVm
VmVm V^^. xD >\ k
z VmD k s| s|^.
gV_, km m*_^ |Vm VV_,
> ]m>V[ Wu k|D. kV>D m
xt[^ *m ] k|mV[; k[ B W>V
> wm F>V_ >V[ Fk> BV>
mkV[. gV_ > \D ]AD xt[z
\]l_  kB D, V][ *m kzD
[A gBku[ c[> >[\ k|mk>V|,
ku[ \]B zD xBuE[. \B
ckVzD u\V V xu|], > k
zD uV V[ V xBuEm >
]BV>\VzD.
\D xD D BDV_ [
V[ xV D^ [>V_ ku [ m
\VzD. k, ]]_ c^ s_ m
] x^>V m \M> c^]_ _kVz u,
|>> >z \BV V^D. c>V\V,
D c^]_ x^>V [ \ \VD
BVD \Vs|D. xt[ m s>\ V
zD. >V, \ c^]_ ]t>V [,
D >m BWB kVVm, \ AD
k_ >X| FBVm m s|D. \z

78

V||D k V\ m. kaK^
x|>\u \M> m s>\ VzD.
]\V, ][ V^, ~\V[ VD \M>
BD V[ku[ V V_ t VEzD
o V[D > xBV> V V[D zD.
xt[^ *m K>|D kBV \
>M Z]BV>VzD. m E u V[m. MD
xot[ *m c\BV \B km
tD >kVzD. m \V[ \V\V V
|D ][ V a|mk>uz \VzD.
D: D, V>mkD, [A gB V][
D >[ A\VzD. \ VV|D
\M>^ z Ek V[ c^. >Vkm Vz
]Vm Wu[. ~l[ V[ {
u >k mD \B ^ Tk. |>>u
_VD z> ]k[ V k^ ][
. \M> > > V| V x
\V > VV^; V>\V E]k \VV^.
y\V m [\ c>VD FkV^.
V][ EA >[\V ], V>\V Vz
gB V xuV WVm.

uA>t BV^ D z]lom:

n>Vkm: V]VD V>]VD
xoD |> xox[ \V V[
u|] V^V. >V_ kl_

79

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

xBV> V>mkxD [AD m. gD, > cD\

][ x[umV _ x>u V>mkxD
[A\VzD.
W_: V>][ clVD c#F\BVzD.
c#F\ _B[V_ V> _. k QV
D V[D V\V km \uV^|D
V> _KBu>VzD. k QVD V[D
cm]V VD. gV_ k V>mV
VV xBVm.

t[_K^ ][J[VD zom:

>m >z]l[ _B >> \M>[ \EBV|
kVkV[. B V mom >
V|, z, x]D, ][ \uD V^^
]KD ]om. kV[D >\m V^
u B B ]o>V| >\m >z]BD >m
km^. > V| >m >z]u ""[*m B[
]om'' V_ m VmD. >uz \Vu
\V, ""x]> V[ B ]oA V[''
> V| xBVm. xuKD mV[>V[
_BV[ >]KD >^ c^. k[
>mu _Vs[ ]V\^ km kVs_
]o> VVD. kV ]V\xD >m l[
\\B \M> c^]om _Vs[ i k
]o[. \M> c^D { BV\. gV_,
""VD _Vs[ i V[ \\t BVD''
>uz kV>V xBVm.
>V_, >\m ku >[\, k\, TD,

80

VV V[ku BV Am V^k> s|m,

\Bm V|, sD _V\_ E _V
s[ x[Ml_ \l|[. >\m EB c^D >V
z Vm V[ \l_ k]_ ~||
[. k^ >\m > V| V[^
>> _BVmD oBVmD x]D
V[^ >m[ zwB[. Bu ],
V k>VuD, >t_V> B VD gB
>V> ka^ JD >D\ _BV[ cB >mz
cB] V^ xBuE F[. >[ JD >D\B
k>]_ g] V^[.
\V>]_: > yv V^:
""Q^ >s> m \M>D am VkV
^; >\m u m k^ >s> m
\M>D am VkV^; c#F\[ BVu
kV >s> m \M>D am VkV^; c
#F\BV V]_ [.''
(_m mV[ kV>
`_ (v_) k^ \Va>V^)

*EzD kuz\V ka c#F\B [m

]om szm. c#F\B m V^k>uz
m ]xB\V>VzD. c#F\ V t EB
VBD c#F\Bu t \V\V VB>s
EAt>VzD. >m kV BKD c#F\[
k|D [>D m _Vs[ [
>D, c#F\^ B_z \V]\ \\l[
kz\]D \ED z\[>D k \]_

81

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

gw\V ] V^ k|D. k _VzB

kl_ >l Vm.
]KD c#F\ c^m. mBsV #B
[A c B ]VzD [s \z E
Vm. BV >m #B [ k\V k>V:
""m #B [Az \V \V ]V, [
\V\V >kl_. M_, ]V> ]V
zD [Vm zB V]_ am V Bm. #B
[Vm \M> B_V|, zV >VF\V[ B_V|
|^ [VzD. >Vl[  > #B [[
c\BV >> kV|m. >[Mx^
zw>z KmD #B l[ EBD >[Mx^
>D >uV #|m. s> ]
VxD ]VVm >m \EBD [>D
[ clD m[m. Val[
] xB J>D >[ >BVzD. Va >m z
Vl[ >Vlom *>uV >m >B w>
WEB m \VkV V V_ V.

t>\V Vz V> |om

J[VD s: VBVm c#F\B V
\Vzk>V|, \\V VBD V]Az^Vz
m. >kV c^ k VBV_ kV
>V_ k |> \M> ]]|> xBuEV.
|> \M> ]]|mD V_ BVuD
\M>V_ x\BV c #F\B m V^ x
BVm. > s u V^km t xB\VzD.

82

][J[VD >]om
J[Vkm: > c> Vbk c_V s|]
B ], [ >[ ]
]_ >zk[ c[ cB> ]iVVkV[ [m
m >VzD. c V]om VzD
k ]k\V >m >> cB], _Vs[ ]
V>\D ][> >>D k[ V^kV.
>B \M> VV VD \V\_ \]A[ ]D
k][ sB \]Bu cmVzD V
m|z V| \VV. k > Wt>kV \
]] kV mkV. z >VV
m DD ]_ cm VB V
m|^ V[>. m WuzD \\V BV
cm VV>, zBu k> s \] kVF>
kBVzD. g> gkD, \D W> [A, ] V,
|\BV gk_ gBD \uD cEtz \E^
mD \M> B_V| |^>[ VD
ku V| \M>[ \\B > V^
k|D [>. > \V E >uVo c
z \V]D k>uV BVm, cm
VB V m|z _Bu VD
W]B k][ sB V|m V[
VzD. sBD >VV m \]_ m c]>m.
> c[ >V m V^[.
k W> [Vm k cEk\V
[VzD. > WBu V^ *m BVzD
Vm m >m [A KmkV V_o_ V
mBmzD k>mzD c|mm. _m [A

83

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

Kmk >m [ Kmk>uV aBV>

V >|kV. M_, k \] kVF>
cEk\V [ ck\V V^*m Km
km \] z>>VzD. [ > [A c\BV
#B [V \V s|m.

_Vk >MV[. c\BV >>

D >sD Vm _kD DV]zD
V_ >m ]ys B_k> B[|] |\V
[\^ >|k]_ ~||V[. ck\V
c \FkV \VuD u { cB> Vm.

\M> c^]_ glV cE^ V|

[. k kV[D >V> Vk.
[ ck\Vm, |>m \FBVm. c>V\V, ]
VD uB c _Vm c^KD V
|m. k ys gkV| >m ]V> D\
|> >MzDVm, >m ]V> \B\Vz
k>uV > c>kV>xD >m kD _ [>
m V^V. >V_, ]V gV> V>
\_, >uV c>kV>D c^VmD m >ku
m. mu g> D V^ >kl_. k,
k[ >m >uVo ]V> s| >m B
kVz [VK^ \FBV W> ]V> V
VkB KmV[. gV_, V|VV kV
BVz > \FBV ]VD > c>kV>
>D V|Vm.

\KD c>V\V, B \zD >[\BVm E

]_ ]ys\Vk c^m. > k^ E_
BV, \V\V, Wl_V sB_ BV[
. [ >m > >[\l[ k]kV
z]B kD s \]_V> VB]_
BV>V c[. >V| B \zD
>[\l[ BV_ V]AD >xD sszD k
_ ~||V. z, > ]t cE BV
u sB_ TV BV>uV kw
s_ [> m V^V. >V|, m
QVm xVm [mD kz Am. k,
km B \zD >[\B >B BV
t_V>, WBu B_V B[|>V\_ ]B
~\VMB ]B tl_ WV|k>uzD, V][
]V> c]|mk>uz\V B[|> gD
V; >m \\ k> > V^ B[|m
V. , ck\V B \zD >[\ c\
BV D >[\BV \Vm; [\BVkuD
EV AD AD l_ ]][ W[
k >V>EBV BVuV.

\M>[ _kD \uD cB>s m V^k]_

]ys B_kD V|V[. [ >m ]Vm
z^ km zsm^ Wl_V VmD Vm t
AD, >sD t Vm D k Bk
>B ] FD D D \M>[, >m ]
ys B_k> B[|m\ k \]Buk
| V^V[. k, k[ kuom >m
VkB ] >m gt zk >>

84

> J[ c>VD { c\B k|m

[. >Vkm, \M>[ >z kw|^ Bu[
, z \|D c z m

85

c#F\D
V>mkxD

c#F\D
V>mkxD

V^k>uV zVu s>]KD, >V[ _ W>

\V kVk[ [ V|VV ]KD
sV_ k TEzD T sBmzD Bu
kz\ kaVKD. >uz \Vu\V ku_
z> z]B skVVD ]
BV z]B \\ [\VD y WV|D VB
VD sV_, k VV> uA
[ J VVD ~ ]mD g>
]mD V>VD \VuD D. B>V>k\V
QV][ k|>KD mk.
m \V][, >uV]_ kw|D \V
^ V]B >V> ssV\z >V
VD c^m. >Vkm, ku kwzkV, ""] B_
kD V^Vy^'' ""VVy^'' ""kA V
Vy^'' ""kV>D VVy^'' ""c EVy^''
k>[ JD \M> B_V_ xBV>ku \M>^
] xBuE[. m D\M>[ >
>[\ \Vu km V[ c^m. >uz ]V,
""> cE BV\V sB V
]A^'' ""ku[ ]B \Vu^' ""ku[
F^'' V_ ] >V
x^>V zD. >V|, \M> B_AzD >z]zD
kV x[\VakVD m \D.

86

87