The State of Corruption in the Philippines

The Bold and the Beautifuls: Gil, Ck, Huang, Cesca, Javellana, Steph, Wong, Don, Wong, Joyce

What is Corruption?
Lack of integrity or honesty Susceptibility to bribery Use of position of trust for dishonest gain. World Bank: The misuse of office for personal gain. Talisayon: Acts that profit only a small number of people and whose net value for society is practically nil.

Acts of Corruption:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Bribery Theft of State Assets Patronage Cronyism Nepotism Rent Seeking

Reality of Corruption Today

2004: Transparency International Corruption Perception Index: 2.6% corruption rating (a 0.1 drop from last years 2.5%) Ranked 102 SWS (2000-2001) 86% - there is corruption in the government. 48-49% - government exerted little effort to fight corruption 30-42% - legislative bodies and the judiciary is ineffective

Different Kinds of Corruption Where corruption takes place:

Public Sector --Private Sector --Government and Officials

Where exactly?

Regulatory Agencies Revenue Raising Agencies Revenue Spending Agencies Private Sector Bureaucracy (through Patronage) Government Corporations Political Elections Legislative Bodies Judiciary Local Government Units Media Foreign-Assisted Projects

Extent of Corruption

Grand Penetrated in several levels in several departments in the government ---Hard to remedy Petty Experienced in peoples/citizens daily lives ---Examples: vote buying in the elections

Corruption in Government is Attributed to:

A weak and unpredictable regulatory environment and similarly inclined institutions Policy Incoherence Patronage-based political system Weak law enforcement and the slow administration of justice Inadequate organizational and technical capacity of the bureaucracy

THE USUAL ANSWER (?)

Our tendency to rationalize it simply because it has been part of our lives for so long. It is so ingrained in the socio-political traditions of Philippine society and has become systematic.

How Corruption has been Part of our Culture

Spanish Colonial Period United States Administration WWII Marcos Administration -pork barrel politics

In 2002: We lose at least 20% of the National Budget. Effects of Corruption

It It It It impedes growth. aggravates income inequity and poverty. damages the political legitimacy of the state and stunted democracy. endangers public order and safety.

How to Address Corruption

Government Agencies 1. Office of the Ombudsman 2. Sandiganbayan 3. Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council 4. Legislative Oversight Function 5. Presidential Anti-Graft Commission 6. Department of Justice 7. Armed Forces of the Philippines 8. National Police Commission 9. Commission on Audit 10. Civil Service Commission

Laws Passed:
See list on page 11.

Other Government Programs : Lifestyle Check

What Should WE Do? Awareness & Vigilance

As corruption in the Philippines is systemic and sophisticated, the recommended approach for curbing it must be holistic, comprehensive, integrative and innovative. De-institutionalizing corruption in the Philippines should engage the Filipinos heart, mind, spirit and will.