SRDF

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.
SRDF Overview
Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe EMC SRDF functionality and its uses Describe SRDF Link configurations Describe the concept of SRDF Group Describe SRDF swap List the characteristics of:
Concurrent SRDF Dynamic SRDF
2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
SRDF/S (Synchronous) - 1
The objectives for this module are shown here. Please take a moment to read them.
Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF)

Facility for maintaining realtime or near-real-time physically separate mirrors of selected volumes Uses no host CPU resources
Mirroring done at the storage level
Open Systems / Mainframe
Operating system independent

Open Systems Mainframe
R1
R2
SRDF
Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF) is a Symmetrix system based business continuance, disaster recovery, restart, and data mobility solution. In the simplest terms, SRDF is a configuration of multiple Symmetrix units that maintains real time copies of logical volume data in more than one location. The Symmetrix units can be in the same room, in different buildings within the same campus, or hundreds and even thousands of miles apart.
SRDF Source and Target Volumes

Symmetrix Logical Volume types:
SRDF Source or R1 Volumes: Primary Volume with R/W access to local host SRDF Target or R2 Volumes: Backup Volume used for DS or DR Applications
The attached host is unaware of SRDF protection
RW
M1
Source
M2 M3 M4 M1
Target
M2 M3 M4
WD
This slide displays the representation of the mirror positions when both the Source and the Target SRDF Logical Volumes have local protection (RAID-1). In this diagram, the Target-R2 volume is also represented with 4 mirror positions and has local protection implemented. Three of the mirror positions are used. The first two mirror positions represent local mirrors and the third mirror is occupied by SRDF. If a BCV is established with the R2 volume, then it will occupy the next available mirror position. Under normal circumstances, the R1 volume presents a Read-Write (RW) status to the host which access it, and the R2 presents Write-Disabled (WD) to its host.
Remote Link Director (RLD)
Remote Link Director Source Remote Link Director
Remote Link Director Target Remote Link Director
A Remote Link Director is a hardware that provides communication and data paths between local and remote Symmetrix units. The Symmetrix can be configured with the following RLDs: Fibre Channel directors (RF) ESCON directors (RA) Multiprotocol Channel Directors (MPCD) available with these channel connections: FICON iSCSI for host GigE (RE) for SRDF
SRDF Groups
RDF Group 1
R1 R1 R1 R1
RDF Group 1
Remote Link Director Remote Link Director
RDF Group 1,2,3.
Remote Link Director Remote Link Director
R2 R2 R2 R2
RDF Group 1,2,3.
R1 R1 R1
RDF Group 2
R2 R2 R2
RDF Group 2
An SRDF group, also known as RDF group or RA group, logically defines relationships between Symmetrix systems. An SRDF group is a set of SRDF director port connections configured to communicate with a another set of SRDF director ports in another Symmetrix system. Logical volumes (devices) are assigned to SRDF groups. Many SRDF groups can share a physical link between the Remote Link Directors. There are two ways to create an RDF group - static and dynamic. Both share the same features and functionality, the difference between the two types is how they are created. Static RDF groups are created during the Symmetrix configuration, and almost always by EMC personnel. Dynamic RDF groups are created and deleted by users through a set of Symmetrix command line interface (SYMCLI) commands. Prior to SE 6.3, the Symmetrix DMX supported up to 64 total RDF groups. With SE 6.4 and 5772, 1 to 250 RDF groups are supported.
SRDF Link Configuration

Uni-Directional
Symmetrix A
Source
RA Group
RA Group
Symmetrix B
Target
Bi-Directional
Symmetrix A
Source Target
RA Group
RA Group
Symmetrix B
Source Target
Dual Configuration
Symmetrix A
Source Source
Symmetrix B
RA Group 1 RA Group 2 RA Group 1 RA Group 2 Target Target
Target
Target
Source
Source
SRDF offers three types of link configurations between source (local) and target (remote) Symmetrix systems: Uni-Directional, Bidirectional and Dual Configuration. SRDF Unidirectional Link Configuration If all primary (source or R1) volumes reside in one Symmetrix system and all secondary (target or R2) volumes reside in another Symmetrix system, write operations move in one direction, from primary to secondary. Data moves in the same direction over every link in the SRDF group. SRDF Bidirectional Link Configuration If an SRDF group contains both primary and secondary volumes, write operations move data in both directions over the SRDF links for that group. SRDF Dual-Directional Link Configuration With a dual-directional configuration, multiple SRDF groups are used; some groups send data in one direction, while other groups send data in the opposite direction.
SRDF Modes of Operations

Primary and Secondary Modes
Two Primary SRDF Modes
Synchronous Semi-synchronous
Secondary SRDF Mode

Adaptive Copy
Write Pending Disk Mode
Operational Modes are set on Symmetrix Logical Volume level Using GUI or CLI and can be changed dynamically SRDF/A Asynchronous Domino Mode (or attribute)
Listed are the operational modes for SRDF operations: Synchronous mode, Semi-Synchronous mode, Adaptive Copy-Write Pending mode, Adaptive Copy-Disk Copy mode, and Asynchronous mode. These operational modes are selectable based on many requirements such as RPO, bandwidth, and performance. One of the two primary SRDF modes of operations is set at the source (R1) volume during Symmetrix configuration. All source (R1) volumes are configured for either the Synchronous or Semi-Synchronous mode. These two modes are considered to be pre-determined SRDF modes, which may be altered using SymCli. Adaptive copy is the secondary mode that facilitates data sharing and migration. Asynchronous mode continually collects and sends data to the remote Symmetrix. Asynchronous mode must be set for the entire RA group. Users can set SRDF to function in a secondary or Asynchronous mode. SRDF will revert to the pre-determined primary mode if it cannot maintain the criteria to remain in the secondary mode. Domino Mode could be classified as an SRDF attribute. Not necessarily a Mode. This attribute is set or used in conjunction with other SRDF modes except SRDF/A. It effectively stops all write operations to both source and target volumes if the target volume become unavailable, or if all SRDF links become unavailable.
Synchronous Mode
SRDF links
Source
Target
Write I/O received from host/server at the source I/O is transmitted to the target An acknowledgment is provided by target back to the source I/O is serviced to the host
SRDF Synchronous Mode is used primarily in SRDF campus environments. In this mode of operation, Symmetrix maintains a real-time mirror image of the data of the remotely mirrored volumes. Data on the source (R1) volumes and target (R2) volumes are always fully synchronized at the completion of an I/O sequence. The sequence of operations is: A write is received from the host/server at the source. The write is transmitted to the target. An acknowledgment is provided by the target back to the source. The write is acknowledged to the Host. If step 3 never happens, the source SRDF services the I/O after a pre-determined timeout to keep the production machine running.
Semi-Synchronous Mode
SRDF links
Source
Target
Write I/O received from host/server at the source I/O is serviced to the host I/O is transmitted to target An acknowledgment provided by target back to source
2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. SRDF/S (Synchronous) - 9
SRDF Semi-Synchronous Mode is used primarily in extended distance environments. Semisynchronous mode allows the primary and secondary volumes to be out of synchronization by one write I/O operation. Data must be successfully stored in the Symmetrix system containing the primary volume before an acknowledgement is sent to the local host. Semi-synchronous mode will not allow the next write operation to a primary device until a positive acknowledgement is received from the target Symmetrix system that the first write operation was received in the target Symmetrix global memory. However, any number of read operations can be performed to the primary device while awaiting acknowledgement of the first write operation. Semisynchronous mode writes data to the primary device in the source Symmetrix system, completes the I/O, and then synchronizes The data with the secondary device in the target Symmetrix. The sequence of operations is: An I/O write is received from the host/server at the source. The I/O is serviced to the host/server. The I/O is transmitted to the cache of the target. An acknowledgment is provided by the target back to the source.
Adaptive Copy Mode
SRDF links
Source
Target
Write I/O received from host/server at the source I/O accumulates in/on: - Symmetrix cache Write Pending Mode - R1 volumes Disk Mode I/O is serviced to the host I/O is transmitted to the target An acknowledgment is provided by target back to the source
SRDF Adaptive Copy Mode is used primarily for data migrations and data center moves. This operational mode is not recommended for use when mirroring for disaster recovery/restart purposes unless used with TimeFinder. This mode is very useful for initial synchronization, especially over long distances. (Used within a SRDF/Star configuration). SRDF Adaptive Copy Mode allows the source (R1) volumes and target (R2) volumes to be a out of synchronization by a number of I/Os that users can define, a skew value. There are two types of adaptive copy: Write Pending Mode and Disk Mode. Adaptive Copy data movement is handled at the track level. The target data is only usable after a full synchronization. The sequence of operations is: An I/O write is received from the host/server at the source. I/O is accumulating. I/O is serviced. The I/O is transmitted to the target. An acknowledgment is provided by the target back to the source. In Write Pending Mode, the unit of transfer across the SRDF link is the updated blocks rather than an entire track, resulting in more efficient use of SRDF link bandwidth. Data is read from global memory than from disk, thus improving overall system performance. However, the global memory is temporarily consumed by the data until it is transferred across the link. In Disk Mode, while less global memory is consumed it is typically slower to read data from disk than from global memory, additionally, more bandwidth is used because the unit of transfer is the entire track. Additionally, because it is slower to read data from disk than global memory, device resynchronization time increases. Adaptive copy disk mode should not be used if the primary volumes are not RAID protected.
Asynchronous Mode
SRDF links
Source
Target
Write I/O received from host/server at the source I/O accumulates in Source Symmetrix cache I/O is serviced to the host I/O is continually transmitted to the target I/O accumulates in Target Symmetrix cache
SRDF/A provides a long-distance replication solution with minimal impact on performance. This protection level is intended for customers requiring minimal host application impact, who need to maintain a restartable copy of data at the target site at all time. SRDF/A continually process Write I/Os in batches. The interval between batches is referred to as a cycle. The sequence of operations is: An I/O write is received from the host/server into the cache of the source. I/O is accumulating. I/O is serviced. The I/O is transmitted to the target.
Domino Mode (attribute) with SRDF/Synchronous
SRDF links
Source
Target
Write I/O received from host/server at the source I/O fails to transmit to the target Both Source and Target become unavailable
Domino Mode is used in conjunction with other SRDF modes except SRDF/A. It effectively stops all write operations to both source and target volumes if target volume become unavailable, or if all SRDF links become unavailable. User will need to manually re-enable the source volumes. While such a shutdown temporarily halts production processing, domino modes can prevent data integrity exposure that causes the inconsistent image on the target volume.
SRDF Level of Synchronization

Synchronous Mode
Source = Target
Semi Synchronous Mode

Source Target
At most, Source is 1 I/O ahead of Target, per volume
Adaptive Copy
Source Target
Source may be up to 65535 tracks per volume ahead of Target Skew value set per logical volume
Asynchronous
SRDF/A - Source is minutes ahead of Target SRDF/AR - Source is hours ahead of Target
SRDF offers considerable flexibility for various levels of synchronization. To determine the level of synchronization, one must understand the required Recovery Point Objective. This is the amount of data that can be lost in the event of a site outage. There are other factors like distance, bandwidth, and response time latency that must be considered before determining a synchronization level.
SRDF Serialization
Writes to Target volumes must happen in the same order as they are written to the Source in order to have an instance in time, consistent and recoverable copy In Synchronous, Semi-synchronous and Asynchronous modes, writes are sent to the remote Symmetrix in the order received
If the remote Symmetrix is not accessible, writes are accumulated as invalid tracks When the remote Symmetrix becomes available, invalid tracks are sent without regard to serialization
Serialization is not maintained in Adaptive Copy mode

Typically used for data migrations
Serialization maintains the order in which writes are received at the remote (target) Symmetrix. SRDF serialization must be maintained in order to have a recoverable/restartable copy of data at a target site. Through serialization, write fidelity is guaranteed. In normal operations, SRDF maintains order writes with Synchronous, Semi-synchronous, and Asynchronous modes. But when the link becomes unavailable for any reason, writes accumulate as invalid tracks which the application continues to function on the host. When the link is restored, the Adaptive Copy mode is used to propagate changes across the link. This introduces risk, since serialization is not maintained with Adaptive Copy.
Adaptive Copy: Disk Mode
Source R1
Tracks
Target R2
T1 T2 T3 T4
32k 32k 32k 32k
T1
32k 32k
T3 T4
32k 32k
SRDF / DM
T5 T6 T7 T8
32k 32k 32k 32k
T5 T6 T7
32k 32k 32k 32k
The slide shows Adaptive Copy Disk Mode during in operation. SRDF does not guarantee serialization of the tracks being transferred in this mode. In this example, track 2 and track 8 may not be present on the target volume at the time of disaster rendering the target volume useless. Therefore, the target volume will not serve as a disaster protection mechanism. The consistency of the target volume is not maintained during the replication process in Adaptive Copy Write Pending or Disk Mode. The target is consistent only after the replication has completed.
Dynamic SRDF
Enables user to dynamically define relationships between R1 and R2 volumes Provides flexibility for user to tailor SRDF configuration to their changing application requirements
001 STD 001 R1 001 R1 001 STD
054
Create pair
STD 054 R2
Establish
Connectrix(s)
054 R2
Delete pair
054 STD
Prior to Dynamic SRDF, the R1 and R2 pairings were static and defined in the configuration file (BIN File) on the Symmetrix. Any changes to SRDF device pairing required a new BIN file to be defined and loaded into the Source and Target Symmetrix. Dynamic SRDF available with 5x68 Enginuity code will provide the capability to change device pairings on the fly without requiring a BIN file configuration change to be performed by an EMC Customer Engineers.
R1/R2 Swap
001 R1
054 R2
001 R2
Connectrix(s)
054 R1
An R1/R2 personality swap (or R1/R2 swap) refers to when the RDF personality of the RDF device designations of a specified device group are swapped so that source R1 device(s) become target R2 device(s) and target R2 device(s) become source R1 device(s). Dynamic RDF swaps are available with Enginuity version 5567 or later. To perform an R1/R2 swap, you must have an SRDF license with Symmetrix 5567 microcode or higher and Dynamic RDF must be enabled in your Symmetrix configuration. Sample scenarios for R1/R2 Swap - Symmetrix Load Balancing In todays rapidly changing computing environments, it is often necessary to deploy applications and storage on a different Symmetrix without having to give up disaster protection. R1/R2 swap can enable this redeployment with minimal disruption, while offering the benefit of load balancing across two Symmetrix storage arrays. - Primary Data Center Relocation Sometimes a primary data center needs to be relocated to accommodate business practices. For example, several financial institutions in New York City routinely relocate their primary data center across the Hudson River to New Jersey as part of their disaster drills. R1/R2 swaps allow these customers to run their primary applications in their New Jersey data centers. The Manhattan data centers now act as the disaster protection site. - Post-Failover Temporary Protection Measure If the hosts on the source side are down for maintenance, R1/R2 swap permits the relocation of production computing to the target site without giving up the security of remote data protection. When all problems have been solved on the local Symmetrix, you have to failover again and swap the personality of the devices to go back to the original configuration.
Concurrent SRDF
One R1 can be paired with two R2 devices, concurrently Remote BCVs can be associated with only one of the R2 mirrors
M1
M2
M3
M4
Source
M1 M2 M3 M4
Target A Target B
M1 M2 M3 M4
Connectrix(s)
Concurrent SRDF allows two remote SRDF mirrors of a single R1 device, e.g. use one remote copy for disaster recovery, and another for decision support or backup. Each Remote Link Director is assigned to an RA Group. With ESCON, only one RA group per RLD is allowed, but Fibre Channel SRDF RA Groups can be defined to the same RLD. Any mixture of SRDF modes is allowed, except for Sync and Semi-sync configuration and Async and Async configuration. A write IO from the host at the primary device side cannot be returned as completed until both remote Symmetrix signal the local Symmetrix that the SRDF IO is in cache at the remote side. 1 Sync and 1 Adaptive Copy remote mirror: The SRDF IO from the secondary device operating in Synchronous mode must present ending status to the sending Symmetrix before a second host IO can be accepted. The host I/O does not wait for the secondary device operating in Adaptive Copy mode.
Concurrent SRDF
One R1 can be paired with two R2 devices, one in each Symmetrix, concurrently All combinations of Primary/Secondary modes for the R1R2 pairs are allowed - except one pair in Sync and the other in semi-sync, both cannot be Async Cannot restore from both R2 mirrors to the R1 simultaneously SRDF swap is not allowed. For example if the R1 is changed to an R2 one will be left with R2->R1, R2>R2@#! Remote BCVs can be associated with only one of the R2 mirrors
A BCV can only be established with one of the Target volumes, not both. In case the source is locally protected, the BCV device cannot be established with its source, because all four(4) mirror positions will be occupied 2 Synchronous remote mirrors : A write IO from the host at the primary device side cannot be returned as completed until both remote Symmetrix signal the local Symmetrix that the SRDF IO is in cache at the remote side. 1 Sync and 1 Adaptive Copy remote mirror: The SRDF IO from the secondary device operating in Synchronous mode must present ending status to the sending Symmetrix before a second host IO can be accepted. The host I/O does not wait for the secondary device operating in Adaptive Copy mode. The same general principle applies when both remote mirrors are operating in Semi-Sync mode.
Module Summary
Key points covered in this module: Overview of SRDF solutions SRDF functionality and its uses SRDF Link configurations SRDF Groups SRDF swap functionality Characteristics of Concurrent and Dynamic SRDF
These are the key points covered in this module. Please take a moment to review them

SRDF

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Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF)

Open Systems / Mainframe

Operating system independent

2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

SRDF Source and Target Volumes

The attached host is unaware of SRDF protection

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Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Remote Link Director (RLD)

Remote Link Director Source Remote Link Director

Remote Link Director Target Remote Link Director

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Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Remote Link Director Remote Link Director

RDF Group 1,2,3.

Remote Link Director Remote Link Director

RDF Group 1,2,3.

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Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

SRDF Link Configuration

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SRDF Modes of Operations

Secondary SRDF Mode

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Adaptive Copy Mode

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Domino Mode (attribute) with SRDF/Synchronous

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SRDF Level of Synchronization

Semi Synchronous Mode

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Serialization is not maintained in Adaptive Copy mode

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Adaptive Copy: Disk Mode

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Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2007 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.

2007 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

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