INTRJDUCTIJN

Undifferentiated schizophrenia is a mental disorder which is part of

the family of disorders broadly known as schizophrenia. There are a
number of subcategories of schizophrenia including paranoid
schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia,
residual schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder; undifferentiated
schizophrenia is often defined as a form in which enough symptoms for
a diagnosis are present, but the patient does not fall into the
catatonic, disorganized, or paranoid subcategories. Schizophrenia is
a mental disorder characterized by disintegration of thought processes
and of emotional responsiveness. The word schizophreniawhich
translates roughly as "splitting of the mind" and comes from
the Greek roots schizein ("to split") "mind")
101,
was coined by Eugen
Bleuler in 1908 and was intended to describe the separation of
function between personality, thinking, memory, and perception.
Bleuler described the main symptoms as 4 A's:
flattened Affect, Autism, impaired Association of ideas
and Ambivalence.
102,
Bleuler realized that the illness was not
a dementia, as some of his patients improved rather than deteriorated,
and thus proposed the term schizophrenia instead..It most commonly
manifests as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions,
or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by
significant social or occupational dysfunction. The onset of symptoms
typically occurs in young adulthood, with a global lifetime prevalence
of about 0.3-0.7%.
2,
Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the
patient's reported experiences. Genetics Undifferentiated
schizophrenia seems to have genetic causes, since those with
undifferentiated schizophrenia are 10 times more likely to have
relatives who have had the condition. Researchers are beginning to
suggest that those with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia
might not necessarily develop schizophrenia if they are not exposed to
certain triggers. Migration Schizophrenia is common among those who
travel to different countries have a higher chance of experiencing
undifferentiated schizophrenia. Researchers theorize that the
separation from family and the inability to adjust to a new setting
with new prejudices contributes to the development of schizophrenia.
Virus one theory on the cause of schizophrenia is that the disease
actually results from a virus that attacks and damages the
hippocampus, a part of the brain that has to do with the processing of
senses. Two viruses that might cause schizophrenia are herpes simplex
and endogenous retrovirus.Family In Finland, researchers have
discovered that 36 percent of children in dysfunction families develop
some forms of schizophrenia, while only 6 percent of children in
healthy families develop this condition. When schizophrenia occurs,
the sufferer may believe his delusions and resist treatment.
Therefore, the family must play an active role in ensuring that the
sufferer receives the treatment she needs. Jther Triggers Individuals
born in cold and urban environments are more likely to develop
undifferentiated schizophrenia. Those infected with influenza,
poliovirus, CNS, respiratory diseases and Rubella have a 10 to 50
percent higher chance of developing schizophrenia. During the prenatal
stage, motherly depression, bereavement and flood are more likely to
develop schizophrenia. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia may
experience hallucinations (most commonly hearing
voices), delusions (often bizarre or persecutory in nature),
and disorganized thinking and speech. The latter may range from loss
of train of thought, to sentences only loosely connected in meaning,
to incoherence known as word salad in severe cases. Social withdrawal,
sloppiness of dress and hygiene, and loss of motivation and judgment
are all common in schizophrenia.
6,
There is often an observable
pattern of emotional difficulty, for example lack of
responsiveness.
7,
Impairment in social cognition is associated with
schizophrenia,
8,
as are symptoms of paranoia; social isolation
commonly occurs.
9,
In one uncommon subtype, the person may be largely
mute, remain motionless in bizarre postures, or exhibit purposeless
agitation, all signs of catatonia.
10,

Late adolescence and early adulthood are peak periods for the onset of
schizophrenia,
2,
critical years in a young adult's social and
vocational development.
11,
In 40% of men and 23% of women diagnosed
with schizophrenia the condition manifested itself before the age of
19.
12,
To minimize the developmental disruption associated with
schizophrenia, much work has recently been done to identify and treat
the prodromal (pre-onset) phase of the illness, which has been
detected up to 30 months before the onset of symptoms.
11,
Those who go
on to develop schizophrenia may experience transient or self-limiting
psychotic symptoms
13,
and the non-specific symptoms of social
withdrawal, irritability during the prodromal phase.
14,
Schizophrenia
affects around 0.3-0.7% of people at some point in their life,
2,
or
24 million people worldwide.
91,
It occurs 1.4 times more frequently in
males than females and typically appears earlier in men
3,
the peak
ages of onset are 20-28 years for males and 26-32 years for
females.
92,
Jnset in childhood is much rarer,
93,
as is onset in middle-
or old age.
94,
Despite the received wisdom that schizophrenia occurs at
similar rates worldwide, its prevalence varies across the
world,
95,
within countries,
96,
and at the local and neighborhood
level.
97,
It causes approximately 1% of worldwide disability adjusted
life years.
3,
The rate of schizophrenia varies up to threefold
depending on how it is defined.
2,
The primary treatment of
schizophrenia is antipsychotic medications, Risperidone often in
combination with psychological and social supports. Treatment was
revolutionized in the mid-1950s with the development and introduction
of chlorpromazine .











C8ILC1IVLS
General Jbjectives:
At the end of 1
st
shifting we, the BSN IV-A group assigned in SGH JR-
DR 7-3 shift will be able to acquire knowledge, basic nursing skills,
and form the right attitude regarding hospital health nursing
diagnosis.

Knowledge:
To formulate a nursing diagnosis and create a nursing care plan.
To apply the therapeutic communication techniques.
To apply the knowledge about the psychopathophysiology of the patient.

Skills:
To enhance the skills in therapeutic communication techniques.
To gather pertinent data about the patient.

Attitudes:
To develop rapport and to gain trust from the patient.
To develop self awareness.
Establish camaraderie among members.