Recharging the European Electric Vehicle Market Chairmans Introduction

Nick Ford, Senior Consultant September 2011

Up to 1910 and the Ford T revolution, most vehicles were running electrically. Since then batteries have never been able to close the gap with ICE and offer decent autonomy at a reasonable cost
Powertrain technologies
Car park is mainly electric First car to reach 100km/h was electric in 1899: la jamais contente First in-wheel motor by Ferdinand Porsche Massive development of car with the Ford T 550$ for 70km/h vs. 2000$ for 40km/h with electric vehicles Large availability of cheap oil First research on automotive applications of fuel cells Works on In-wheel motors from 1980 brutally stopped in 1995 Legislation in 1990 in California to reduce atmospheric pollution and introduce 2% of EV by 1998 Multiple trials for electric cars both in EU (PSA) and USA (GM) but with no success Significant investment in fuel cell research Refocus on full EV with Li-ion batteries performance improvement

1900 External drivers

Henry Ford start mass production of ICE Ford T

1910

1960

1970

1995

2005

2010

Oils rises at 150$ a barrel Hydrogen perceived as the best alternative to fossil fuels

First research on fuel cells for aerospace applications Apollo 13

First Oil shock need for alternative to fossil fuels arise

Source : Rouler sans ptrole, Pierre Langlois

2

PHEV with range extender is the only alternative technology able to compete today at a global scale with the ICE on autonomy and infrastructure investment required

Performance
Low High

Autonomy
Distance 600 km Time to recharge 5 min Storage weight 45 kg

Infrastructure investment
Already existing

Internal Combustion Engine

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

600 km (20 to 60 km electric)

2-3 hours

50 to 90 kg

Already existing

Electric vehicle

60 to 250 km electric

4-8 hours

90 to 250 kg

To be developed

600 km

5 min

90 to 100 kg

To be developed

Fuel Cell Vehicle

Sources: Rapport Syrota, 2008

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Global Mega Trends that will Impact Mobility in the Future

Urbanization

E-Mobility

Mega and Smart Cities

New Micro Mobility products

Car Sharing/Car Pooling

Sustainable Public Transportation and BRT

Integrated Mobility Solutions

New Business Models (Value for Many)

High Speed Rail

Geo-Socialization And Social Media

Connected and Wireless Planet

Power to the Middle Class and Gen Y

4

Three Main Trends in Urbanisation: Development of Mega Cities, Mega Regions and Mega Corridors

MEGA CITY
City With A Minimum Population Of 10 Million EXAMPLE: Greater London

MEGA REGIONS
Cities Combining With Suburbs To Form Regions. (Population over 15 Million) EXAMPLE: Johannesburg and Pretoria (forming Jo-Toria)

MEGA CORRIDORS
The Corridors Connecting Two Major Cities or Mega Regions EXAMPLE: Hong KongShenzhen-Guangzhou in China (Population 120 Million)

In Future, There Will be Shift from Cities Designed around Cars to Cars Designed around [Mega] Cities : OEMS to Develop New Vehicles and Platforms

City Cars In sync with the city Multiple Variants Pixo, Note and Cube Compact Vehicle length and width: less than 4,000mm x 1,675mm Low emissions: 1-litre engine, Electric vehicles in future Tight turning circle of 4.5m and power assisted steering for easy maneuvering in city traffic Parking system, Start Stop system, Nissan Connect, foldable rear seats, customizable setting

Megacity Vehicle be launched in 2013. Electro-mobility Zero emission vehicles (lithium ion battery with about 35 kWh capacity ) Electric driveline - Electric motor for quicker acceleration and zip drive. Lighter drive Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) passenger cell and aluminum chassis.

Tata Nano to be launched as City Car in EU and NA (low cost car in India) Compact Vehicle length and width: 3099mm x 1,495mm Low emissions; sub 1 litre engine (624cc). Electric vehicle in future. Turning radius: 4m. Low vehicle weight: 600 kg (1,300lb)

Logos are only for descriptive purpose. Source: Frost & Sullivan