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6.641 Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion
Spring 2005
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6.641 Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Spring 2005
Problem Set 1 - Solutions
Prof. Markus Zahn MIT OpenCourseWare
Problem 1.1
A

F = q(E + v B) Lorentz Force Law

In the steady state F = 0, so


q E = q v B E = v B


v

y
i
y
pos. charge carriers

v =
v

y
i
y
neg. charge carriers

B = B

0
i
z
so


v B

y 0
i
x
pos. charge carriers
E =
v

y
B
0
i
x
neg. charge carriers
B
d 0
v
H
= (x = d) (x = 0) =

E
x
dx =

E
x
dx
0 d

v
y
B
0
d pos. charges
v
H
=
v
y
B
0
d neg. charges
C
As seen in part (b), positive and negative charge carriers give opposite polarity voltages, so answer is yes.
Problem 1.2
By problem:

b
r < b
=

a
b < r < a

Also, no
s
at r = b, but nonzero
s
at r = a such that E = 0 for r > a.
1
Problem Set 1 6.641, Spring 2005
v
E
-
+ +
+
- +
-
+
+
- +
B
Force caused
Force
by E
caused
+ -
-
- -
by B
+ -
+ -
+
v

E
Force caused by E
Force caused
(which is caused by
by B
charge on electrodes)


Figure 1: Figure for 1C. Opposite polarity voltages between holes and electrons (Image by MIT OpenCourse-
Ware.)
A
By Gausss Law

0
E d a = dV S
R
= sphere with radius r (1)
S
R
V
R

As shown in class, symmetry ensures E has only radial component: E = E
r

i
r
.
LHS of (1):

0
E d

a =
0
(E
r

i
r
) r
2
sin dd

i
r
S
R
0 0

a in spherical coordinates
= 4r
2
E
r

0
surface area of sphere of radius r
RHS of (1):
For r < b:

r

2

dV =
b
r
2
sin dddr
V
R
0 0 0

dV : di vol. element
4
= r
3

b
3
vol of sphere
For r > b and r < a: (b < r < a):

b

2

dV =
b
r
2
sin dddr
V
R
0 0 0

r

2

+
a
r
2
sin dddr
b 0 0
4
b
b
3
4
a
(r
3
b
3
)
= +
3 3
2
Problem Set 1 6.641, Spring 2005
Equating LHS and RHS:

4r
3
r < b
4r
2
E
3
b
r

0
=
4
b
b
3
4
+

a
(r
3
b
3
)
b < r < a
3 3
r
b
r < b
E
r
=

3
0
b
3
(
b

a
)
a
r
b < r < a
3
0
r
2
+
3
0
B
Again: n (
0
E
a

0
E
b
) =
s

E(r = a
+
) = 0
)
E

b
3
(
b

a

a
a
(r = a ) = + +

i
r
by part (a)
3
0
a
2
3
0

s
=

i
r
(
0
E(r = a

))
so
b
3
( ) a

s
=

b a a
+
3a
2
3

C
4
r < b Q = b
3
b
Q

(r = a) =
2
b s
4a
3
4
b < r < a Q
a
= (a
3
b
3
)
a
3
Q
T
= Q
b
+ Q
a
+ Q

= 0
Problem 1.3
a
We are told current going in +z direction inside cylinder r < b. Current going through cylinder


= I
total
=

J d a
S

b

2
= (J

0
i
z
) rddri
z
)
0 0


J
= J
0
b
2

d

a

Total current in sheet
|K| =
length of sheet (i.e. circumference of circle of radius a)

Thus,
A
Ks units are
mps Amps
J
m
, whereas s units are
m
2
J
0
b
2
J
0
b
2
|K| = =
2a 2a
J
0
b
2
K =

i
z
2a
3
Problem Set 1 6.641, Spring 2005
Figure 2: Figure for Problem 1.3 Part A. A cylinder with volume current going in the +z direction for r < b.
(Image by MIT OpenCourseWare)
B
_

_


d
H d s = J d a +
C S
_

0
E d a
dt
.
S

(2)

no E eld, so this term is 0

Choose C as a circle and S as the minimum surfa
.
ce that circle bounds. Now, solve LHS of Amperes Law
3
z
a b
b
z
a
s c
Figure 3: Choice of contour C and surface S (Image by MIT OpenCourseWare).
(2)
_

2

H d s =
C
_
0
_
H

_
.

H
_
rd

_
. .
= 2rH

We assumed H
z
= H
r
= 0. This follows fr
.
om the symmetry of the problem. H
r
= 0 because
0
Hd a = 0.
S
In particular, choose S as shown in Figure 3. H
z
is more dicult to see. It is discussed in Haus & Melcher.
The basic idea is to use the contour, C, to show that if H
z
= 0 it would have to be non
_
zero even at ,
which is not possible without sources at . Now for RHS of Ampere:
r < b :
4

Problem Set 1 6.641, Spring 2005

z
b
c
Figure 4: Illustration of the contour C (Image by MIT OpenCourseWare).
b
s
Figure 5: Diagram showing surface S (Image by MIT OpenCourseWare).

2

r

J d

a = J
0

i
z
r dr d

i
z
S 0 0


J
d

a
= J
0
r
2

a > r > b :

2

b


2

r

J d

a = (J
0

i
z
) (r dr d

i
z
+ (0

i
z
) (r dr d

i
z
)
S 0 0 0 b
0
= J
0
b
2

Equating LHS and RHS:
J
0
r
2
r < b
2rH

=
J
0
b
2
a > r > b

J
0
r

i

r < b
H =
2
J
0
b
2

i

a > r > b
2r
From text, Amperes continuity condition:

n (H
a
H
b
) = K
5
C
Problem Set 1 6.641, Spring 2005
region
(a>r>b)
a
b
z
region
(r>a)
region
(b>r)
Figure 6: Amperes continuity condition for Problem 1.3 Part C (Image by MIT OpenCourseWare)
H

(r = a

) = K
z
J
0
b
2
J
0
b
2
= K
z
=
2a 2a
Problem 1.4
A
We can simply add the elds of the two point charges. Start with the eld of a point charge q at origin and
let S
R
be sphere of radius R centered at the origin. By Gauss:

0
E d a = dV
S
R

In this case = (

r )q, so RHS is

dV = (

r )qdxdydz = q
LHS is

0
E
r
d a = (
0
E
r
)(surface area of S
r
)
S
R

symmetry again
= 4r
2

0
E
r
Equate LHS and RHS
4r
2

0
E
r
= q
q
E =

i
r
4r
2

0
Convert to cartesian: Any point is given by

r = x(r, , )

i
x
+ y(r, , )

i
y
+ z(r, , )

i
z
By spherical coordinates
x = r sin cos
y = r sin sin
6


Problem Set 1
z = r cos

r = r sin cos

i
x
+ r sin sin

i
y
+ r cos

i
z

i
r
line formed by varying r and xing and
r = ri

r
Thus,
i

r
= sin cos i

x
+sin sin

i
y
+cos

i
z
x y z
= i

x
+ i

y
+ i

z
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2

x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
so,
q
E =

i
r
4
0
(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
)

E
total
= E
1
+ E
2

E
1
is just E with y y
d
. E
2
is just E with y y +
d
. Problem has y
2 2
(i)

d
z
E

2
total
= E
1
=

i
x
+
d
i
z


d
2
x
2
+
2
+ z
2
x
2
+ + z
2

x
2
+
d
2
+ z
4 4 4
q
=
3

d
2
x

i
x

i + z

y
i
z
4
d
0
(x
2
+ + z
2
)
2 2
4

6.641, Spring 2005
= 0

q
i
y

2
+
d
2
2
) 2 4
0
(x + z
4
(ii)

E
total
= E
1
+ E
2
x

i
x
+ z

i
z
= q
2
0
(x
2
+

d
2

2
+ z
2
)
(iii)

E
total
= E
1
+ E
2
dq

i
y
=
3
2
4
0

x
2
+
d
4
2
2

+ z
B

3
2
F = q
1
E E doesnt include eld of q
(i)

F = 0, by Newtons third law a body cannot exert a net force on itself.
(ii)
d
F = q
1
E = q E
2
(x = 0, y = , z = 0)
2

q
2
i
y
q
2
i
y
= =
4
0
(d
2
) 4
0
d
2
(iii)
q
2
i

y

F =
4
0
d
2
7