ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING COACHING NOTES Lead acid does not depend on: Ans: Rate of charge Lead acid

id consists of: Ans: Dilute sulfuric acid, sponge lead, and lead peroxide Conputer on a chip is called: Ans: Transputer Transputer consists of Ans: 32 bits Nibble consists of ____ bits. Ans: 4 OP amp has a gain of approximately Ans: 1,000,000 The voice coil has an impedance between Ans: 4 and 100 ohms. Semiconductor have ____ bonds. Ans: covalent Nimak gantry robot has Ans: good precision positioning Sulphation in a lead acid cell is Ans: to incompletely charging Nickel cadmium can be charged or discharged because Ans: water is neither absorbed or formed. Daisy chaining Ans: method used in determining interrupt priorities in a microcontroller. Ans: Karel Capek Who coined the term robot?

________ is a bridge that compares the capacitance of the capacitor. Ans: De Soutry bridge It measures unkonown inductance in terms of resistance and capacitance. Ans: Anderson bridge Ans: Film IC Ans: Candela Ans: Lux An IC consists of passive devices. SI unit of luminous intesnisty SI unit of illuminance

A microwave diode that has a frequency range of 10-1000 GHZ Ans: IMPATT diode resistance region. Ans: PIN diode Ans: Latch A microwave diode in the negative

Schmitt trigger acts like a

Fermi level is in the Ans: Forbidden gap

Invalid NAND flip-flop violation C=0 Invalid NOR flip-flop violation C=1

Ans: S=0

Ans: S=1

Range of depletion width Ans: 0.5 and 1 um Impedance matching Ans: Transformer coupling and emitter follower. Ans: Inductance Maxwell-Wien bridge measures

LASER is classified as Ans: monochromatic. Coherent and collimator. 555 timer consists of Ans: astable, monostable and VCO Early effect is also called Ans: base width modulation The effect produced due to flow of electrons and holes Ans: drift current Process of adding impurities in the intrinsic semiconductor Ans: Doping What is reduced by using bundled conduction? Ans: Power loss due to corona. ________ is also called modified Maxwell Wien bridge. Ans: Anderson bridge.

D flip-flop consists of Ans: JK flip-flop, RS flip-flop and inverter Ans: D flip-flop Ans: Infinity Ans: Assembly Uses binary counters Ideal CMRR SCARA uses ____ operation

Gold doping has an advantage of Ans: Reduced storage time. It is the time for the diode to be forward biased to off time Ans: Reverse recovery time

The reverse current doubles in every ___ C increase in temperature. Ans: 6

 LASER and LED are in what spectrum? Ans: Infrared spectrum. GaAs is used for Ans: Infrared light or invisible light Ans: Hartley Tapped coil oscillator

Ans: Film

It is an IC consist of passive devices

Discrete circuit Ans: Digital circuit Linear circuit Ans: Analog circuit Backhausen criterion is a condition that Ans: stops oscillating Negative output swing occurs Ans: near saturation Positive output swing occurs Ans: towards cut-off When dry cell is charged, Ans: It increased in volume Class C acts Ans: as an RF amplifier Crystal uses Ans: RF transmitter efficiency Ans: Class C Ans: Half-filled A class of amplifier that has 85%

Tickler coil oscillator

Ans: Armstrong Ans: Colpitts Tapped capacitor oscillator

The sediment that allows the bottom of the lead acid cell Ans: Antimony Lead alloy Ans: Push-pull Two transistors in class B is in

Photodarlington consists of Ans: Transistor and phototransistor Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV neutron. Ans: Slow Ans: collision Ans: 4 bits Ans: 64 bits Thermal neutron is also called _____

With Si, Z=14, it is Formation of Si in valence shell

Avalanche breakdown is due to One nibble consists of Large computer has a maximum of

Ans: 2, 8, 4

Volatile memory is Ans: Semiconductor ROM Semiconductor ROM is Ans: Combinational Logic circuit EPROM erases when strikes by Ans: Ultraviolet rays Ans: Thermistor Bolometer acts like a

Card readers can read about Ans: 10.000 cards per minute Advantage of ECL Ans: Lowest propagation delay Schottky TTL has Ans: Least propagation delay Ans: Low power Main advantage of CMOS

Ondograph is Ans: A waveshape of voltage and current. Nickel iron cell consists of Ans: NiOH, powdered iron and its oxide and 21% of potassium. CE is Ans: Phase reversal Photoconductive cell is also called Ans: photoresistive cell Ans: hO The formula of h11 is Ans: V1/I1 The smallest of all h parameter is

CC voltage gain Ans: cannot be exceeded to unity. Largest voltage applied without irreversible damage Ans: PIV Ans: parallel data Transputer operates in

It is an IC consist of passive and active devices Ans: Monolithic IC

The h parameter consists of Ans: Construction, operating point and temperature Ans: DC Moving coil occurs in

Early effect is also called Ans: base width narrowing. Advantage of Swinburnes test is Ans: very convenient and very economical. Ans: thin film IC Ans: thick film IC An IC consists of ceramic substrate An IC consists of alumina substrate

VTVM internal resistance is Ans: the highest internal resistance It measures magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Ans: Permeameter Simple RL low pass measures -12 dB/octave, corresponds to ___ dB/decade Ans: -40 Rotational joins of the robot is called _____ Ans: Revolute joints. Straight line joints movement of the robot is called Ans: Prismatic joints Input and output point Ans: Handshaking RL high pass filter has a phase difference of Ans: 45 degrees Who invented the microprocessor in 1969? Ans: Ted Hoff Who invented the 1st IC? Ans: Jack Kilby dI/dt of an SCR is Ans: local hot spot

It is the development of a traverse electric field in a solid material when it carries an electric current Ans: Hall effect It is used when the input signal has periodically occurring intervals in which the input waveform is quiescent Ans: synchronized clamping A circuit that produces an output only when first activated by a preliminary pulse Ans: sampling gate Successive trigerring signal induces a transition regardless of the state in which binary happens to be Ans: symmetrical triggering Both carrier drift and carrier diffusion depend on ___ Ans: Einstein relation Microprogramming is Ans: A technique to implement the control logic necessary to execute instructions within a processor.

3 display maximum reading

Ans: 0999 3 1 mV reading Ans: 1000 Straight line method Ans: piecewise linear method Improper biasing of IC Ans: causes distortion Ans: 860 kcal One kWh of energy is equivalent to

It is used to measure a speed by cutting off light at a regular interval Ans: Stroboscope Thermal runaway is Ans: is an electrochemical reaction that causes a battery to heat and possibly explode.

A kind of ROM that degrades its own memory contents as the memory is read Ans: EAROM An inductor operates at 400 Hz

Junction breakdown occurs in Ans: reverse bias Ratio of Ah and Wh is Ans: greater than one. Ans: Ah The capacity in a cell is measured in

Ans: Toroidal core An inductor operates at 95 MHz

Ans: Air core Data bus Ans: It is data lines in a system bus.

In the IC, the SiO2 layer is

Ans: isolation A V/I characteristic curve is Ans: Boltzman diode characteristic.

In converting intrinsic into N-type extrinsic semiconductor, which element cannot be used? Ans: Indium

Pin resistor has industrial heating in

Ans: Hairpin form

 freedom Ans: 6

Any solid object has ___ degrees of

A meter sensitivity control in a test instrument Ans: Linear Taper Potentiometer Flip-flop as a latch A volume control in a stereo compact disc player Ans: Logarithmic Taper Potentiometer Faster compared to magnetic tape Ans: Magnetic Disk in retrieval and storage

Ans: S-C flip flop PIN diode Ans: A microwave diode frequencies up to GHz range. Ip/Iv of a tunnel diode is used in Ans: Computer application

Noise figure of MMIC (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) Ans: 3.5 to 6 dB Unique advantage feature of CMOS Ans: Power in a nanowatt range Any charge in a battery when taken off

It has more ripple in a bandpass and cut-off frequency Ans: Chebyshev filter Beta factor. Ans: multiplied Ans: 6 Ans: Trinary logic Ans: Fuzzy logic Darlington pair of transistors is _____ by

the vehicle Ans: Bench charge Ans: Latch LASCR acts like a

CCD has ___ transfer electrons Neutral logic Totally true, totally false

A word has

Ans: 16-bit length A double word has

Which is not a factor of capacitance? Ans: Plate thickness Ans: Very high Ideal input impedance of an op-amp

Ans: 32-bit length A company who invented the word byte

Ans: IBM Degrees of freedom is the number of ______ independent movements including the end effector Ans: independent

Ideal output impedance of an op-amp

Ans: Very low With 100 to match with higher input impedance, the configuration is Ans: Common base Optocoupler consists of an Ans: LED and phototransistor Optoisolator consists of an Ans: LED and phototransistor

An inductor operates at 400 Hz Percentage loss of the dc wound

Ans: Toroidal core machine Ans: 1 % clamper acts as a Ans: Rectifier

When dc voltage is removed, the

Positive feedback

Ans: Oscillator Phase locked loop Ans: Frequency discriminator, FM detector Air as inductor core has Ans: Greatest efficiency

CMOS has extremely Ans: Large packing density Solar cell has a principle of Ans: Photovoltaic cell

change in

What increases noise immunity in op-amp?

Sensor that detects resistance in extrinsic semiconductor Ans: Spreading Resistance Sensor (SRS)

Ans: Hysteresis
Resisitve element

Ans: Horizontal axis

Reactive element

Reduce the stray capacitance and capacitance between bridge arm by grounding Ans: Wagner Grounding

Ans: Vertical axis

Sine wave with all harmonics

Ans: Square wave

It abruptly changes from 2 voltage leads

Ans: Bolometer
Exact location of data

Ans: Square wave

63.2 %

Ans: Absolute code

Fundamental frequency in all harmonics

Ans: One time constant

A sine wave oscillator, sine wave circuit

Ans: Sawtooth wave

dV/dt of SCR

Ans: Crystal
Positive pulse on anode terminal

Ans: False trigerring

Monolithic IC uses

Ans: Turning on an SCS

element 3 phase rectifier that uses 6 rectifier

Ans: Extensive large components

MOS IC uses

Ans: Gratz rectifier

What uses as marker of 100 kHz?

Ans: MOSFET
A diode with no depletion region

Ans: 2 flip-flops
Feature of R-S to J-K flip-flop

Ans: Schottky diode

LED emits light because

Ans: Toggle
LC balance bridge

Ans: Electron and holes recombine

What is the difference on the input impedance of BJT and FET?

Ans: Maxwell bridge

Operator on microwave frequency

Ans: A FET has high input impedance while BJT has low input impedance.
Marking of scale to accept standard

Ans: GaAs over Silicon or Germanium

J-K flip-flop frequency

Ans: Calibration Ans: Divides the frequency by 2.

insulated wire Small capacitance formed by twisting 2 semiconductor is The temperature coefficient of extrinsic Zener diode is in

Ans: reverse diode Ans: Gimmick Capacitor

Modified Miller circuit Converts step to ramp circuit temperature rating It is preferred to manufacture diode and Voltage of selenium semiconductor

Ans: negative Ans: Phanastron Ans: Miller circuit

Servocontrolled robots are robots within ___ mm range rather than a fraction of mm.

Ans: 1 V

Ans: Silicon
Isotope

Ans: 2
It is an electron tube photoelectrons when the cathode is eliminated which emits

Ans: Abundance ratio Ans: Phototube

It is a radiant energy absorbed by the radiant to incident energy Electron hole pair is done by

Ans: Thermal energy

JFET square law device is because

Ans: Absorptance
Inventor circuit

Ans: its characteristic curve is parabolic

Tank circuit

Ans: Converts dc to ac circuit

Laurence or Living stone

Ans: Antiresonant
Cut-in voltage or turn on voltage current

Ans: Magnetic resonator or cyclotron

Microporgramming

Ans: Exponentially increases

enlarge Electron beam deflected from axial to

Ans: Sequence of five binary codes

540 degrees

Ans: Deflection defocusing

Equal ratio bridge

Ans: Phase opposition

Power efficiency of solar cell

Ans: Heaviside Campbell bridge

Silicon oxide (SiO2) is for

Ans: 5% to 15%
Thermal detector

Ans: Insulation
APD is better than PIN diode is for

Ans: Speed of operation

diode Voltage for temperature stability of zener

Transformer that frequency range of 20 kHz to 20 MHz

operates

on

the

Ans: Carrier frequency transformer

JFET configuration for buffer amplifier

Ans: 5.6 V
3 superconducting inductor in parallel

Ans: common drain Ans: Persistor

Application of semiconductor amplification amplifier JFET configuration for good voltage

Ans: common source

JFET configuration for high frequency

Ans: Wafer
LC circuit is used for

Ans: Load current

Power factor of RC is between

Ans: common gate

The dc-dc converterwith unregulated input voltage and regulated output voltage

Ans: 0 and 1
Minimum Duty Cycle of Bust converter

Ans: SMPS (Single Mode Power Supply)

Buck converter critical inductance Typical CMRR Corona is due to

Ans: Dmin = 1 2fsLc RL

Boost converter critical inductance

Ans: radio interference

A transformer on the frequency of 15 kHz

Ans: Lc = (1-D)2DRL 2fs

Buck Boost converter critical inductance

Ans: Converter transformer

Ingredients of wet cell

Ans: Lc = (1-D)2RL 2fs

Ans: Zinc and copper

Main ingredient of dry cell

Ans: Zinc container

It reduces gain to a limiting level

Ans: Lc = (1-D)RL 2fs

Ans: Limiter
First transistor

Ans: 100 to 10,000

Typical CMRR in dB

Ans: Point contact

1959. First fuel battery was invented by _____ in

Ans: 40 to 80 dB
Accuracy of Wien bridge

Ans: F.T. Bacon

Unlike buck and boost converter, the buck boost converter featured output voltage:

Ans: 0.5% - 1%
Typical value of armature resistance

Ans: 0.5
The saturation voltage of an op-amp is ___ smaller than the power supply

Ans: opposite polarity to input.

Ans: 2 V
Solid grounding has a voltage below

Lattice in which the lattice points are only shown in the crystal Ans: Bravais Lattice An instruments Ans: Systematic error error due to shortcoming of

Ans: 660 V
between Resistance grounding has typical voltage

Ans: 3.3 11 kV
silver wire Percentage conductivity of pure annealed

An error that cannot be corrected Ans: Random error composed Ans: Element Ans: 2.1 V It is a substance where the bulk is Typical voltage of lead-acid

Ans: 108.8%
gold Percentage conductivity of 99.5% pure

Ans: 72.6%
aluminum Percentage conductivity of 63% pure

What type of cell used in the emergency system? Ans: Silver-zinc cell Microcontroller consists of Ans: Microprocessor, memory, input and output unit

Ans: 63%
Corona is maximum on

Ans: transmission lines

 Percentage of the transistor current flows in the collector Ans: 95% SMPC operates between ON state and OFF state at a frequency of Ans: 10 kHz and 40 kHz A camera with imaging positron effect with multiple layer of silicon detector Ans: Compton camera Ans: 6 times NMOS is _____ than PMOS

Vacant lattice site with missing atom relocated to a interstitial space with no atom. Ans: Frenkel effect Ans: 0.74 FCC packing factor

Linear change of input Instantaneous, finite input

Ans: Ramp input Ans: Step input

What is the diameter of the wafer used in manufacturing? Ans: 3 to 8 inches Standard spacing for IC chip Ans: 2 um and 3 um Ans: 1 um Ans: Chromium Ans: Zinc Ans: Subtractor Advanced spacing for IC chip BCC crystal structure HPC crystal structure Another name for differential amplifier the filter

Indicating device orientation of object

Ans: Selsyn An AC bridge that measures mutual inductance Ans: Heaviside bridge One of the most important bridge in determining link capacitances Ans: Schering bridge Ans: Glass Highest dielectric strength

High sensitivity Ans: Permanent magnet A transformer in laminated core reduced Ans: Eddy current An analysis used for more than one voltage source Ans: Superposition theorem Maximum magnitude voltage from an op-amp is called Ans: Saturation voltage frequency Ans: Bode plot of the output

A factor that determines response Ans: Damping factor

Unity gain amplifier has ____ input impedance Ans: Extremely high Megger is Ans: used to measure high resistance Increasing transmitter height Ans: Decrease capacitance and inductance remains the same. Undergrounding conductor is Ans: Maximum at the conductor and minimum at the sheath A transformer that has a frequency range from 100 Hz 150 kHz Ans: Converter transformer

A graph of amplitude versus input

Effect of recombination on depletion region Ans: Emission coefficient or ideality factor Magnetic frequency at ____ or less Ans: 100 Hz amplifier operates at a

Most commonly used coupling Ans: Transformer coupling Ans: 1.6 V Ans: 100 pF Typical LED voltage Capacitance of disc ceramic capacitor

Surge impedance of cable Ideal input impedance of op-amp

Ans: 50 Ans: 50

Formula for the increase % in saturation current Ans: 2((T2-T1)/10) X 100% Ans: 0 dB Ideal noise factor

A bypass capacitor at high frequency Ans: Ceramic capacitor

Indicating device orientation of object

Ans: Selsyn

 Ans: XOR

Odd parity checker

Ans: BIOS

OS memory

Shelf life of lithium cell Ans: 5 to 10 years Negative feedback Ans: Increases bandwidth and decrease voltage gain Alkaline cell ingredient Ans: Potassium hydroxide Advantage of NiCd over lead acid Ans: Cell on NiCd can be replaced By adding parallel circuit to the inverting amplifier Ans: Inverting summing Linear amplification Ans: Level clamper Theory of magnetic flux in a closed system equal to zero Ans: Gauss theorem Ans: Gross error Personal error

Voltage amplifier Ans: Pre-amplifier Latest used data Ans: Cache memory LIFO Ans: Stack memory Ans: Geometry Minimum distance of features in a chip

Number of elements not found in nature but also prepared in laboratories Ans: 105 Ans: Reliability Ans: Span Ans: Bluetooth Ans: 130C Ans: 155C IC advantage Minimum to maximum range 1/5 of the Wi-Fi range Temperature of Class B motor Temperature of Class F motor

Advantage of magnetic disk to magnetic tape Ans: Easier to read Ans: Ampacity Ans: Source Ans: 1 The maximum current can safely handle

JFET reference voltage Buffer amplifier gain

Pure ac voltage single frequency

Ans: Single pip Ans: Caryon Ans: 0.05% - 0.2% Ans: f = 1/(2RC) Cannot be used as a permanent magnet In doubles Kelvin bridge, 1 to 10 u Wien bridge oscillator

AWG no. 6 Ans: 0.395 /1000 ft. Ans: 6350 cmil AWG no. 12

Indicating device orientation of object

Most important IEEE standard interface Ans: IEEE 488 digital interface

Ans: Selsyn A mass of 1.66 x 10-27 kg. Reciprocal of Avogadros number Electrostatic radius of an atom

Common method of coupling used in cascade amplifier stages Ans: Transformer Ans: Corona It is most obvious at higher frequencies

Ans: Unified amu Ans: amu Ans: 10-14

Early IC packaging method used in transistors Ans: TO (Transistor Outline) of PLCC Ans: Plastic Lead chip memory It is used in Hi-Fi audio system to split frequencies to fed tweeter and woofer Ans: Crossover network

Manipulator

has

___

degrees

freedom Ans: 3 Ans: RAM Arrange in data arrays

 Resistance offered by a PN junction in AC conditions Ans: Dynamic resistance Characteristic of shared systems to avoid mixing up of print outs or programs Ans: Spooling Absorption of slow moving electrons by an interleaving matter Ans: Ramsauer effect If a load is removed from a long transmission line, the sending voltage end is less than receiving end Ans: Ferranti effect Corona results in Ans: Radio interference Ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of all metals Ans: Weidemann Franz Law Ans: Blue Color of neutral in 3-core flexible cable

Electromechanical device that converts electrical to mechanical by attraction of iron plunger to the electromagnet Ans: Solenoid Lithium battery Ans: Microcomputer memory back-up Ans: Earthing Protection against electric shock

The heat generated melts the portion at the tip of the electrode and the base of the metal Ans: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Advantages of PCB Ans: Eliminates bigger chassis and point to point mounting orbit Ans: Excitation Energy to raise the electron to another

It is used in high voltage and high current application for most efficient regulator Ans: Switching regulator What refers to garaging the two adjustments of an Ac bridge together in such a way that changing one adjustment changes the other in a special way, but changing the second adjustment does not change first? Ans: Orthogonal nulling Not common sine wave generator Ans: Multivibrator Range of degrees of freedom Ans: Work envelope Ans: Manipulator Physical bend, twist, and reach

It is neglected in short transmission line analysis Ans: Shunt admittance It is located near transformer Ans: Lightning arrester Volume of atom ratio to cell volume Ans: Packing factor RLC circuit that provides undamped oscillation Ans: Ringing circuit Contact between metal and heavily doped-semiconductor Ans: Ohmic contact Comparator with hysteresis Ans: Schmitt trigger Ans: Negatron output Ans: Level Clamp Negative electron Input continuously increases constant

Poor selectivity Ans: Wide bandwidth It has amplifier and feedback Ans: Electronic amplifier Maintenance of oscillation Ans: Flywheel effect Free electrons collidal electrons causing mere current carriers Ans: Avalanche effect to bound

Four arm AC inductance by standard capacitance Ans: Maxwell Bridge

bridge

measures

Magnetic leakage due to 100% coupling Ans: Electromagnetic effect A particle resulting to an atom of an element combined to form a compound Ans: Molecule Ans: 72 Ans: Crystal P shell number of electrons Solid formed by covalent bonding

Shows positions of lattice points Ans: Bravais Lattice Measures the diameter of an atom Ans: Ernest Rutherford Ratio of the AC power supply to the plate power supply Ans: Plate efficiency

The resistance in the magnetic path to the magnetic lines of force

Ans: Reluctance The flux density in an iron core when the magnetic intensity is zero Ans: Residual magnetism

It divides an HF signal so that a low frequency counter would be able to display the operating frequency Ans: Prescaler circuit Responds to the variation in incident photon Ans: Quantum detector test Ans: FETVM Draws less current from circuit under

When an electron rises to the conduction band a hole is created in the valence band, this called _____ Ans: Electron hole pair Operating temperature of silicon. Ans: -175 to 350C Highly sensitive material Ans: Permanent magnet Smallest ripple voltage Ans: Multi-section LC filter Highest torque Ans: Series motors Motivating input in a control system which is independent with the output Ans: Command input Development process of a microcrystal molten Ans: Crystal growth The voltage regulator, the component used as a comparator Ans: Op-amp Ans: Arc welding It is not an resistance welding

It provides very high electrical isolation between control ckt and power ckt, has high impedance between light source and phototransistor. Ans: Optoisolator

It is used to measure variations by the changing metallic resistance Ans: Bolometer Ans: Thermistor Most common bolometric device

These are mostly used in robot than AC because it can with stand large overload. Ans: DC motor and stepper motor Converting sine wave to series of pulses Ans: Timing Marker Generator Current regulator alone Ans: Regulator IC alone What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance? Ans: Dead short What is used in measuring wires from number 0 to number 36? Ans: AWG Discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential Ans: Corona Power transformer normally operates at ____ alternating current. Ans: 60 or 400 Hz What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 0 to 1 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 0 to 4 mA DC? Ans: Perception What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 1 to 4mA, 60 Hz, AC or 4 to 15 mA DC? Ans: Surprise What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 4 to 21 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 15 to 80 mA DC? Ans: Reflex action

Atom to atom bond on surface with oxide free surface Ans: Pressure welding Elimination of stray capacitance Ans: Shielding and grounding Ans: Hopkinson Ans: 0.05% - 0.2% 2 identical shunt motor In doubles Kelvin bridge, 1 to 10 u

AC voltage frequency converter from one form to another Ans: Cyclo converter Skin effect seen at Ans: High frequencies

Indicates the address of next instruction Ans: Program counter Drift current is directly proportional to mobility, diffusion is directly proportional to concentration of diffusion Ans: Einstein relation dV/dt in SCR Ans: False trigerring

10

 What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 21 to 40 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 80 to 160 mA DC? Ans: Muscular Inhibition What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of 40 to 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 160 to 300 mA DC? Ans: Respiratory failure What probable effect on the human body if subjected to a current of over 100 mA, 60 Hz, AC or 300 mA DC? Ans: Fatal

Ans: 30 What type of extinguishers are used to extinguish electrical fires? Ans: CO2 Under favorable conditions, the body resistance may be as low as ___ ohms Ans: 300 The body resistance is possibly as low as ___ from temple to temple if the skin is broken. Ans: 100 In a voltage divider, bleeder current is usually determined by the ___ percent rule of thumb. Ans: 10 A theory of magnetism based upon the electron-spin principle. Ans: Domain Theory. What action results in the increase in current that generates more heat and the cycle repeats itself until the diode draws excessive current? Ans: Thermal runaway What is the faithful reproduction of a signal in an amplifier? Ans: Fidelity What dc generators are designed to act as high gain amplifier? Ans: Amplidynes What is the range of the dc resistance of most motor armatures? Ans: 0.05 to 0.5 ohms What is usually the lamination thickness of the armature core of a small generator? Ans: 1/64 inches Mechanical rotation of frequency is measured using a device called___. Ans: Tachometer The rotation of frequency of recording devices and teletypewriter motors can be measured by the use of _____. Ans: Stroboscope. What is an instrument that allows you to view rotating or reciprocating objects intermittently and produces the optical effect of a slowing down or stopping motion? Ans: Stroboscope What is an electronic flash device in which the flash duration is very short, a few millionths of a second and can measure very rapid motion? Ans: Strobotac What is a combination of watch and revolution counter? Ans: Chronometric tachometer What type of bolometer is characterized as an increase in resistance as the dissipated power rises? Ans: Barreter

What is the effect of hydrogen surrounding the anode of a cell which increases the internal resistance of the cell? Ans: Polarization What is the anode of a lead acid cell? Ans: Lead peroxide Ans: Sponge lead Ans: Hydroxide Ans: Silver oxide cell ? Ans: Zinc What is the cathode of a lead acid cell? What is the anode of a NiCad Cell ? What is the anode of a silver zinc cell? What is the cathode of a silver zinc

What is the production of the hydrogen gas caused by a portion of the charge current breaking down the water in the electrolyte? Ans: Gassing What is the shelf life of lithium organic cell and lithium inorganic cell? Ans: 20 years In what charge is the charging rate determined by the battery voltage rather than a definite current value? Ans: Floating charge What charge is used to keep a battery at full charge while the battery is idle or light duty? Ans: Floating charge Floating charge is sometimes referred to as ___ and is accomplished with low current. Ans: Trickle charge What is used when a battery must be recharged in the shortest possible time? Ans: Fast charge Electrical safety precatutions must be observed. A fatal shock can occur from ___ ampere of current. Ans: 0.1 Voltages as low as ___ volts have been recorded as causing sufficient current to be fatal.

11

 What type of bolometer is characterized by decrease in resistance as the power increases? Ans: Thermistor What instrument is used for measuring radio frequency (rf) power? Ans: Thermocouple ammeter Which of the following robots is used for machining processes? Ans: Cincinatti T3 freedom. Ans: 6 Ans: All positions Kuka spot welding has ___ degrees of

Ans: Microswitch Approach in which introduce factory automation technology Ans: Islands of automation Degree of automatic. Ans: Level of automation Ans: IN368 Orange, blue and gray diode

It is the welding electrode comes forward and engage the metal pressing against the surface. Ans: squeeze interval

Exx1x

Exx2x Ans: horizontal positions Ans: Parallel Ans: Diagonal Ans: 1 mil Magnetic audio tape Magnetic video tape Thickness of magnetic audio tape

It is the welding in which the welding transformer energized and the current flows and create a weld. Ans: weld interval Ans: hold interval It is the weld interval that is finished

Welding electrode is retracted Ans: release interval A time after release interval to the next start sequence. Ans: Standby interval. It is a closed loop feedback control system in which one or more of the system signals represent mechanical motion. Ans: Servomechanism. Ans: Flat Ans: 60,000 psi Ans: E6011 Ans: DCRP Ans: E6013 Ans: Arc flow Exx3x E60xx has a tensile strength of ___ With AC or DC similar to E6010 Major power supply of MIG Medium penetration Can be prevented by arc welding

A sawtooth wave has a ____ added to become trapezoidal wave. Ans: resistor Absent of current welding Ans: cool sub-interval Ans: Air pot core 1.5 H

Who coined the term robotics? Ans: Isaac Asimov Oldest welding Ans: Forge welding Klystron Ans: High achievable power output Ans: MIG Ans: MAG Inert gas Active gas

Antrophomorphic robot is Ans: more maneuverable It is also known as metal inert gas. Ans: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Ans: Kismet Ans: Pleo Robot with facial expression Toy dinosaur robot Snap acting switch

Faying surfaces in one spot Ans: Resistance spot welding Faying surfaces Ans: Resistance seam welding Resistance of the work Ans: Resistance welding Ans: 60 kg Mass of 60-lb IR robot

Deep penetration Ans: Submerged arc

12

 Ans: DC reverse Ans: DC straight

Deep penetration Medium penetration

The ability of a robot to position its end effector at a programmed location in space. Ans: accuracy Control signals that are processed by directly measuring quantities (voltages, resistances or rotation). This can be hydraulic, electronic or pneumatic. Ans: analog control human. Ans: android A robot or machine that resembles a

Fast welding Ans: Flash welding 10,000 to 50,000 Hz welding Ans: High frequency welding Ans: Dot pitch Ans: 500 V Image resolution Voltage of dry electrolytic capacitor

A robot with rotary joints that can move much like a persons arm. Ans: anthrophomorphic robot An interconnected set of links and powered joints comprising a manipulator that supports or moves a wrist, hand or end effector. Ans: arm The ability of a machine system to perceived anticipated or unanticipated new conditions, decide what actions must be performed under the conditions and plan the actions accordingly. The main areas of applications are expert systems and computer vision. Ans: artificial intelligence

Apply electrostatic voltage in plastic Ans: Electroactive polymer heat. Ans: 2/3 Ans: Braid Ans: Soldering Ans: Brazing In electrolytic positive, ___ of the total

Prevents corona 450F below above 450F joining of two metals

Metal active gas

Also known as assembly cell or assembly station. A concentrated group of equipment such as manipulators, vision modules, parts presenters, and support tables that are dedicated to compute assembly operations at one physical location. Ans: assembly The use of any one several techniques to determine the presence or absence of features. This technique include simple mechanical probes and vision systems. Ans: automated inspection Automatically controlled operation of an apparatus, process or system by mechanical or electronic devices that replace human observation, effort and decision. Ans: automation A traveled path in space, usually referred to as a linear direction of travel in any of three dimensions. Ans: axis A robot in which motions are controlled by driving each axis or degree of freedom against a mechanical limit stop. Ans: bang-bang robot A platform or structure to which a robot arm is attached; the end of a kinematic chain of arm links and joints opposite to which grasps or processes external objects. Ans: base A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more workstations or machines and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: cell A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more cells, and the material transport mechanisms and storage buffers that interconnect them. Ans: center

Ans: CO2 Multimeter on the lower center switch Ans: Range switch Multimeter on the lower left switch Ans: Function switch Ans: Bobbin Ans: Red Ans: Black Ans: Yaw Aluminum D-ARsonval movement Positive lead Negative lead Angular momentum of robot

GaAs disadvantage Ans: more expensive Disadvantage capacitive coupling Ans: more expensive of Transformer to

A motor or transducer that converts energy (electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) into power used to produce motion or power. Ans: actuator

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 An assembly between two closely related rigid members enabling on member to rotate in relation to the other around a mobile axis. Ans: complex joint The use of an interactive terminal workstation usually with graphics capability to automate the design of products. It includes functions such as drafting and fit-up parts. Ans: computer aided design (CAD)

Also known as pedestal robot. A robot with its base permanently or semi-permanently attached to the floor or bench. Such a robot is working at one location with a maximum limited work area and in many cases servicing only one machine. Ans: floor mounted robot That portion of a jointed arm which is connected to the wrist and elbow Ans: forearm. An overhead mounted, rectilinear robot with a minimum of three degrees of freedom and normally not exceeding six. Ans: gantry robot. The grasping hand of a robot, which manipulates objects and tools to fulfill a given task. Ans: gripper An approach used to introduce factory automation technology into manufacturing by selective application of automation. Ans: islands of automation.

Working from a product design likely to exist in a CAD data base, it encompases the computer based technologies that physically produce the product, including parts program preparation, process planning, tool design, process analysis and parts processing by numerically controlled machines. Ans: computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) A numerical control system with a dictated mini or micro computer that performs the functions of data processing and control. Ans: computerized numerical control (CNC) The unit of automatic work for a robot. Within a cycle, subelements called trajectories define lesser but integral elements. Each trajectory is made up of points where the robot performs an operation or passes through depending upon the programming. Ans: cycle (program) The number of independent ways the end effector can move. It is defined by the number of rotational or translational axes through which motion can be obtained. Ans: degrees of freedom The joint that connects the upper arm and forearm on a robot. Ans: elbow Also known as end of arm tooling or simply a hand. The subsystem that links the mechanical portion of the robot (manipulator) to the part being handled or work on, and gives the robot the ability to pick yp and transfer parts and/or handle a multitude of different tools to perform work on parts. Ans: end effector Robots with little if any computer power. Their only intelligent functions consist of learning a sequence of manipulative actions, choreographed by a human operator using a teach box. Ans: first generation robot system Also known as nonservo robot or open robot. A robot with stoppoint control but no trajectory control. Ans: fixed stop robot Multipurpose robots that are adaptable and capable of being redirected trained or used for new purposes. Ans: flexibility operational An arrangement of machine tools that is capable of standing alone, interconnected by a workpiece transport system and controlled by a central computer. Ans: flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

The degree to which a process has been made automatic. Relevant to the level of automation are questions of automatic failure recovery, the variety of situations that will be automatically handled, and the conditions under which manual intervention or action by human beings is required. Ans: level of automation An electrical switched positioned to be switched where a motion limit occurs, thereby deactivating the actuator that causes the motion. Ans: limit switch A mechanism usually consisting of a series of segments or links, jointed or sliding to one another, for grasping or moving objects, usually in several degrees of freedom. Ans: manipulator A method for the control of machine tool systems. A program containing all the information, in symbolic numerical form, needed for processing a workpiece is stored on a medium such as paper or magnetic tape. Ans: numerical control Developing robot programs partially or completely without requiring the use of the robot itself. The program is loaded into the robots controller for subsequent automatic action of the manipulator. Ans: off-line programming Software that controls the execution of computer programs, may provide scheduling, allocation, debugging data management, and other functions. Ans: operating systems Also known as positioning. The consistent movement or manipulation of an object into controlled position and altitude in space. Ans: orientation The equipment used in conjunction with the robot for a complete robotic system. This includes grippers, conveyors, parts positioners and parts or materials feeders that are needed with the robot.

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Ans: peripheral equipment Also known as bend. The angular rotation of a moving body about an axis that is perpendicular to its direction of motion and in the same plane as its top side. Ans: pitch Also known as photoelement or photosite. A digital picture or sensor element, picture is short for picture cell. Ans: pixel The act of providing the control instructions required for a robot to perform its intended task. Ans: programming The envelope of variance of the robot tool print position for repeated cycles under the same conditions. It is obtained from the deviation between the positions and orientations reached at the end of several similar cycles. Contrast with accuracy. Ans: repeatability A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move a material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. Ans: robot applying robots. Ans: robotics The science of designing, building and

The maximum velocity at which a manipulator joint can move; a rate imposed by saturation in the servoloop controlling the joint. Ans: slew rate The use of two or more cameras to pinpoint the location of an object in a three dimensional space. Ans: stereo imaging The detection by a robot though contact of touch, force, pattern slip and movement. It allows for the determination of local shape, orientation and feedback forces of a grasped workspace. Ans: tactile sensing A robot system characterized by the incorporation of multiple computer processors, each operating asynchronously to perform specific functions. It includes a separate low level processor for each degree of freedom and a master computer supervising and coordinating these processors, as well as providing higher-level functions. Ans: third generation robot system The orientation of a view with a video camera, in elevation. Ans: tilt A continuous position control response to continuously changing input requirements. Ans: tracking A movement such that all axes remain parallel to what they were. Ans: translation The acquisition, movement space, and release of an object by a robot. Ans: transport thorugh

Also known as twist. The rotational displacement of a joint around the principal axis of its motionj, particularly at the wrist. Ans: roll A robot with a computer processes added to the robotic controller. This addition makes it possible to perform, in real time, the calculations required to control the motions of each degree of freedom in a cooperative manner to effect smooth motions of the end effector along predetermined paths. It also become possible to integrate simple sensors, such as force torque, and proximity into the robot system ,providing some degree of adaptability to the robots environment. Ans: second generation robot system A controller that operates an application though a fixed sequence of events. Ans: sequencer

The portion of a jointed arm that is connected to the shoulder. Ans: upper arm Also known as the robot operating envelope. The set of points representing the maximum extent or reach of the robot tool in a directions. Ans: work envelope The envelope reached by the center of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions. Ans: workspace A set of joints, usually rotational, between the arm and the hand or end effector, which allow the hand or end effector to be oriented relative to the workpiece. Ans: wrist The angular displacement of a moving joint about an axis which is perpendicular to the line of motion and the top side of the body. Ans: yaw What magnet is used in computer memory circuits? Ans: Ring magnet

A robot driven by servomechanisms, that is, motors or actuators whose driving signal is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate is measured actual position and/or rate. Ans: servocontrolled robot An automatic control mechanism consisting of a motor or actuator driven by a signal that is a function of the difference between a commanded position and/or rate and measured actual position and/or rate. Ans: servomechanism The manipulator arm linkage joint that is attached to the base. Ans: shoulder

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 What magnet is used in some meter circuits? Ans: Horseshoe magnet If the electrons of the atom in a material spin more in one direction than in the other, the material will become magnetized. This refers to what theorem? Ans: The Domain theory of Magnetism What theorem assumes that all magnetic materials are made up of magnetic molecules which, if lined up in north to south pole order, will be a magnet. If not lined up, the magnetic fields about the molecules will neutralize each other and no magnetic effect will be noted? Ans: Webers theory of magnetism What do you call a short circuit having minimum resistance? Ans: Dead short What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is no external load? Ans: Local action The amount of increase in the resistance of 1 ohm sample of the conductor per degree of temperature rise above 0C is called what? Ans: Temperature coefficient of resistance What do you call the resistance to current leakage through the insulation? Ans: Insulation resistance insulated wire? Ans: Magnet wire What is the common name for enamel

A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and used as an insulating material. Generally used as an insulator for low and medium range voltages. Ans: Thermoplastic The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature while giving up heat to the material being soldered. Ans: Thermal inertia What is the working voltage of a dry electrolytic capacitor? Ans: 500 V If arcing should occur between the plates of an oil filled capacitor, the oil will tend to reseal the hole caused by the arcing. Such a capacitor is referred to as ____ capacitor. Ans: self-healing The maximum voltage that can be steadily applied to the capacitor without the capacitor breaking down (shorting) is called ____ of the capacitor. Ans: working voltage What is meant by local action? Ans: Current flow in cell with no external load. The left side of the pulse Ans: Leading edge The right side of the pulse Ans: Trailing edge What is the process by which an atoms gain or losses electrons? Ans: Ionization Any group of energy levels that results from the close proximity of atoms in a solid. Ans: Energy bands How many pulsations per revolution have the output voltage of an elementary single coil dc generator? Ans: Two How many commutator segments are required in a two-coil generator? Ans: Four What is the distortion of the main field due to the effects of armature current? Ans: Armature reaction What type of prime mover requires a specially designed high speed alternator? Ans: Steam turbine What type of rotor is used in slower speed alternators? Ans: Salient pole rotor What type of rotor is wound in a manner to allow high-speed use without flying apart? Ans: Turbine driven type rotor

What term is general one and usually applies only to the larger sizes of conductors? Ans: Cables The process of applying thin coat of solder to materials prior to their being soldered. Ans: Tinning The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the internal construction of the metal. Ans: Oxidation What refers to a continuation of current flow within an electrical cell when there is not external load? Ans: Local action A continuous jacket of lead molded around a single conductor or multiple conductor cable. Ans: Lead sheath What do you call the force exerted on an insulator by the voltage in a conductor? Ans: Electrostatic stress The discharge of electricity from a conductor with a high potential. Ans: Corona A material that removes oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering or welding. Ans: Flux

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 What term is used to denote the difference in speed between the rotor which is always somewhat less than the speed of the rotating field? Ans: Slip What mechanical device reverses armature connections in motors and generators at the proper instant so that current continues to flow only in one direction? Ans: Commutator counter emf? Ans: Speed What motor characteristic is affected by

Comparison solenoid Ans: Relay fixed core Ans: Serial robot Human arm

Input display signal voltage Ans: Vertical deflection coil Ans: Piezo motor Replacing DC motor/recently used

Rapid discharge of electrical energy Ans: Percussion welding Ans: E7018 Hydrogen Electrode

How is EPROM erased? Ans: with a burst of ultraviolet light Whenever data is transferred between devices, it involves the exchange of prearranged signals. What is this process called? Ans: Handshaking What test is used to check for opens (or to see if the circuit is complete or continuous) and is accomplished with an ohmmeter? Ans: Continuity test What type of circuits are caused by some conducting part of the circuit making contact either directly or indirectly with the metallic structure of the ship or chassis? Ans: Ground circuits alloy? Ans: Manganin Shunts are usually made from what

False Ans: Air has the concentrated magnetic field Ans: CRT Electron gun tube

Electron field tube Ans: Electron beam Multicavity Klystron Ans: Variable electron speed Fuse Ans: Quick break type Magnetic frequency increases Ans: Power output decreases Cause longitudinal Ans: Magnetic field of electrons due to the

What property of shunt is desired because of the heavy currents that often flow through shunts producing heat? Ans: Zero-temperature coefficient In DArsonval meter, many turns of fine wire would be used, each turn adding more effective length to the coil. The coil is wound on an aluminum frame called ___. Ans: bobbin What is an important point to remember when you are making an accurate resistance measurement? Ans: Zero the meter each time you select a new range. BJT better than FET Ans: radio receiver Wineglass Ans: Plasma arc welding plasma Ans: Plasma arc welding Ans: Salient pole Slow speed

Along a joint Ans: Upset welding Fastest memory Ans: Flash memory Ans: TIG Ans: Fast graph Tungsten electrode Use of non-interlaced monitor

CMOS disadvantage Ans: cannot handle high power TTL Ans: least susceptible to noise E stands for Ans: American Wire Electrode Ans: Brazing Ans: Soldering Ans: Magnetic Exceeding 450F Not exceeding 450F Generators used

High speed Ans: Turbine driven type rotor Ans: Submerged Differentiation

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Ans: reduces eddy current loss Ans: chemical Ans: Commutator Battery used as Responsible of pulsating DC Ans: Windage Ans: Alkaline Cell Ans: Rheostat magnetic No load loss but not electrical loss Manganese Dioxide Alkaline Acid Draws large amount of current

Low voltage high power Ans: Center tapped Full Wave Oldest 1940 phenomenon Ans: Colding or cold contact Joints Ans: Direct Kinematics End effector Ans: Inverse Direct Kinematics Ans: Flag field Nothing but to memory general

Increase RL Ans: Improved Efficiency Single coil Ans: Elementary generator 3 classifications of robot Ans: Anthrophomorphic, SCARA, and articulated Ans: Wrist Connects arm and end effectors

Unwanted connection Ans: Fault connection Ans: Divider Frequency synthesizer used as

____ for bones, ____ for muscle and ____for degrees of freedom. Ans: links, actuator, and joints Early actuator Ans: Elastic nanotube Changing of electric energy Ans: Electroactive polymer Variable speed Ans: DC generator Constant speed Ans: AC generator Ans: Japan Ans: diode failure More robot than worker Transient suppression prevents

Output amplitude Ans: Amplitude stability DC motor is preferred as driver in robotics because Ans: it can withstand large overload Welding is not used direct source because Ans: it is impracticable to draw heavy currents Ans: ac is used Atomic hydrogen is long lived because

RF power amplifier Ans: Common base Choke Ans: passes dc but not RF Multivibrator Ans: Common emitter or common source Algorithm better than ZMP Ans: Dynamic balancing Ans: Hopping Ans: 5 intervals One feet with small Automatic welding

Tunnel diode Ans: Dr. Leo Esaki Zener Diode Ans: Dr. Carl Zener Varactor diode uses Ans: Frequency stability 2 terminal communicate Ans: Handshaking Ans: Class A Ans: Class AB Ans: Class AB2 Ans: E6013 Highest fidelity Portion FET amplifier Medium penetration

Control grid of a tube Ans: gate of a FET Ans: Transformer Impedance mismatch reactance output Laminated core

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 Oxy fuel arc Ans: Oxy fuel gas welding Electrical requirement of arc welding Ans: high open circuit voltage Horizontal oscilloscope Ans: Time/division Ans: Welding Joining of metals

How wire Ans: measure dc and ac Ans: 6 Dielectric constant of mica

Buck boost lossless Ans: D = (V2)/(V1+V2) Ans: D = V2/V1 Ans: Polysterene Buck Op-amp filter

Radio using tubes Ans: Bulk and heavy

The purpose of I in PIN diode Ans: minimizes junction capacitance 1/16 to 5/16 in in diameter Ans: American Welding Society purpose effectors Ans: 20 Degrees of freedom for General

TTL Ans: open circuit high level I2L Ans: bipolar saturated logic EAROM Ans: Degrade data if used 6 rectifying elements Ans: Gratz rectifier Superconductivity thin consisting of a superconducting inductor Ans: Permistor film memory

Deep penetration welding Ans: Submerge arc welding JFET except Ans: transconductance Pinch off voltage Ans: Transconductance is zero

Register and counters are the same because Ans: they have the same array of flip flop and gates High Q Ans: High selectivity 2 principles of detector Ans: Rectifier and filter Microprocessor Ans: ALU and control unit CPU Ans: ALU and control unit Ans: Simulator Ans: Soft stop Ans: Hard stop Ans: Copper Ans: Trivalent Ans: Pentavalent Simulate Servocontrolled robot Nonservo robot Lowest resistivity at 293 K BIG elements PAA elements

Formula for IC with leakage current Ans: IC = IB + (+1)ICBO IE

Ans: IE = IC - ICBO ICQ Ans: ICQ = IBQ + ICEO IEQ

Ans: IEQ = ICQ + IBQ Increase temperature leakage current Ans: ICBO = ICBO (T2-T1)/10 Ans: Q = CV Charge of a capacitor

Charge Ans: Q = Qo (1-e(-t/RC)) Dependent on gap Ans: Charge efficiency NRZI means Ans: Non-return to zero invert Pilot cell Ans: identifies the condition of the battery More likely breakdown because lightl doped Ans: Avalanche breakdown to occur than zener

Analog preferred than digital because Ans: of measuring signal strength Opposing torques Ans: Deflecting and restoring torques

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 Code that Ans: Absolute code Ans: Eliptic filter Ans: Lux Equal ripple Illuminance

Ripple sharp cutoff Ans: Chebyshev filter Ans: Sawtooth Ans: Square Ans: Push pull Ans: Control grid Adds all harmonics Odd harmonics All even harmonics The single grid of vacuum cutoff, amplitude

In low frequency decreases by ___ from midrange value Ans: 3 dB Ans: 1 dB

Change in audio range

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