components of environment and natural resources mgmt Environment is surrounding atmosphere/ condition for existence" - "Environment is an essential natural

process or an outcome of occurrence Word "environment" is most commonly used describing "natural" environment and means the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism, or group of organisms. Environment includes all elements, factors , and conditions that have some impact on growth and development of certain organism. Environment includes both biotic and abiotic factors that have influence on observed organism. Abiotic factors such as light, temperature, water, atmospheric gases combine with biotic factors (all surrounding living species). Environment often changes after some time and therefore many organisms have ability to adapt to these changes.

COMPONENTS

BIOTIC (LIVING) COMPONENTS

ABIOTIC(PHYSICAL) COMPONENTS

CLIMATIC PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS

EDAPHIC

1. Components of Environment as per British literature

Here the components are classified in terms of biotic and abiotic based upon life. The biotic components are further listed as producers, consumers and decomposers and the abiotic components are classified as climatic(water, air) and edaphic(land). It is from this component system that the study of structure of ecosystem was evolved.

COMPONENTS

BIOTIC (LIVING) COMPONENTS

ABIOTIC(PHYSICAL) COMPONENTS

CLIMATIC PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS

EDAPHIC

Hydrosphere(Water)

As per American literature, the components of environment are listed as

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Hydrosphere(Water) Atmosphere(Air) Lithosphere(Land) Biosphere(Flora/Fauna/Microbes) Anthrosphere (man made things)

Natural resource management refers to the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations (stewardship). Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together land use planning, water management, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, tourism, fisheries and forestry. It recognises that people and their livelihoods rely on the health and productivity of our landscapes, and their actions as stewards of the land play a critical role in maintaining this health and productivity.[1] Natural resource management is also congruent with the concept of sustainable development, a scientific principle that forms a basis for sustainable global land management and environmental governance to conserve and preserve natural resources. Natural resource management specifically focuses on a scientific and technical understanding of resources and ecology and the life-supporting capacity of those resources.[2] Environmental management is also similar to natural resource management. Approaches to natural resource mgmt 1. Regional or Community Based NRM The community based NRM approach combines conservation objectives with the generation of economic benefits for rural communities. The three key assumptions being that: locals are better placed to conserve natural resources, people will conserve a resource only if benefits exceed the costs of conservation, and people will conserve a resource that is linked directly to their quality of life.[9] When a local peoples quality of life is enhanced, their efforts and commitment to ensure the future well-being of the resource are also enhanced [10] Regional and community based natural resource management is also based on the principle of subsidiarity. Adaptive Management The primary methodological approach adopted by catchment management authorities (CMAs) for regional natural resource management in Australia is adaptive management.[21] This approach includes recognition that adaption occurs through a process of plan-do-reviewact. It also recognises seven key components that should be considered for quality natural resource management practice:

Determination of scale Collection and use of knowledge Information management Monitoring and evaluation Risk management Community engagement

Opportunities for collaboration.[22]

Integrated natural resource management (INRM) A process of managing natural resources in a systematic way, which includes multiple aspects of natural resource use (biophysical, socio-political, and economic) meet production goals of producers and other direct users (e.g., food security, profitability, risk aversion) as well as goals of the wider community (e.g., poverty alleviation, welfare of future generations, environmental conservation). It focuses on sustainability and at the same time tries to incorporate all possible stakeholders from the planning level itself, reducing possible future conflicts. The conceptual basis of INRM has evolved in recent years through the convergence of research in diverse areas such as sustainable land use, participatory planning, integrated watershed management, and adaptive management.[23][24][25] INRM is being used extensively and been successful in regional and community based natural management