BLUETOOTH

SHRI VAISHNAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

SUBMITTED BY VAISHALI JAIN VISHWAKARMA

SUBMITTED TO MR.NARENDRA

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Contents
What is Bluetooth? Types of Bluetooth devices How Bluetooth technology works? History List of applications Specifications and features Advantages of Blue tooth technology Disadvantages of Bluetooth technology Future of Bluetooth technology conclusion

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INTRODUCTION WHAT IS BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances (using short length radio waves) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PAN). It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization Bluetooth technology eliminates the need for numerous and inconvenient cable attachments. This technology enables users to automatically and easily connect a wide range of computing and telecommunication devices. Bluetooth makes wireless communication and networking between devices in a small localized area. In Bluetooth all the connections between devices are occurring immediately and invisible. Bluetooth is actually a standard for wireless communications between devices within a range of 10metres. Bluetooth special interest group is a group of companies from the telecommunications, computing and networking industries that promote the development and deployment of Bluetooth technology

Implementation
Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 frequencies.. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, telephones, laptops, personal computers, printers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, digital cameras, and video game consoles through a secure, globally unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency bandwidth. The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The Bluetooth SIG consists of companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many

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frequency channels, using a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver.

Types of Bluetooth Devices

Bluetooth Dongle Bluetooth Dongle: Installing a Bluetooth dongle is easy; simply insert the CD that came with it, follow the on screen prompts and then plug the dongle into a free USB port. If you had a Bluetooth compatible laptop you could just plug the dongle into an internet enabled personal computer and check your e-mail, download Windows updates, or transfer files. On the same lines you could also synchronize your PDA with your personal computer and download the latest appointments, e-mails or send text messages.

Bluetooth Headset Bluetooth Headset: Bluetooth headsets are mainly used with compatible cell phones, place the headset on your ear and roam freely while talking to colleagues, friends and family. You could also connect to a dongle on a personal computer and use it for voice conferencing for example. A number of products exist on the market today, which all offer good sound quality and have a similar variety of features. Prices vary depending on manufacturer but usually you can get a decent one for around $75 to $150.

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HOW BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY WORKS?

1. Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops, PDAS and other portable equipments together with little or no work by the user. 2. Unlike infrared, Bluetooth does not require any line of sight positioning of connected devices like infrared. 3. Two Bluetooth products can exchange their addresses and capabilities just after coming within the range of about 10metres. 4. The radio operates on the globally-available unlicensed radio band, 2.45 GHz and supports data speeds of up to 721 Kbps. 5. The Bluetooth modules can be either built into electronics devices or used as an adapter. For instance in a PC they can be built in as a PC card or externally attached via the USB port. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 frequencies.

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6. Connections can be point to point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10metres but can be extended to 100metres by increasing the power. Bluetooth devices are protected from radio interference by changing their frequencies arbitrarily up to a maximum of 1600 times a second, a technique known as frequency hopping. 7. The Bluetooth specification targets power consumptions of the devices from a hold mode consuming 30 micro amps to the active transmitting range of 8-30 milliamps which is less than 3% of the power used by a standard mobile phone. The chips also have excellent power-saving features. 8. Automatic communication between various devices within a small area makes it possible to provide unique and innovative services to a professional worker. 9. Pico net is the important factor in Bluetooth connectivity. It is simply a collection of devices connected through Bluetooth Technology. 10.While establishing a Pico net, one unit will behave as a master and the other as slaves for the duration of Pico net connection.

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One thing that can be noted from the figure above is that, although

Bluetooth works in an ad-hoc fashion (and not server-based) all communication is done visavi the Master unit. There is no direct communication between slave units. Nor is it intended for the Master to route messages between slave units. Rather, if slave units find that they want to talk directly to each other; they would form a new Pico net, with one of them acting as Master. This does not mean that they have to leave the previous Pico net. More likely, they will be parked in the "old" net unless they decide to quit the "old" net altogether. This is not a big decision for the slave units; reconfiguration in Bluetooth is dynamic and very fast. 2 transmission power levels The Bluetooth radio is built into a small microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. The Bluetooth specification has two power levels defined;

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a lower power level that covers the shorter personal area within a room, and a higher power level that can cover a medium range, such as within a home.

Software controls and identity coding built into each microchip ensure that only those units preset by their owners can communicate. Bluetooth uses frequency hopping in timeslots. Bluetooth has been designed to operate in noisy radio frequency environments, and uses a fast acknowledgement and a frequency-hopping scheme to make the communications link robust, communication-wise. Bluetooth radio modules avoid interference from other signals by hopping to a new frequency after transmitting or receiving a packet.

Uses
Bluetooth is a standard and a communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-classdependent: 100m, 10m and 1m, but ranges vary in practice; see table below) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth makes it possible for these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. Because the devices use a radio (broadcast) communications system, they do not have to be in line of sight of each other. Class Maximum Permitted Power Range mW (dBm) Class 1 100 mW (20 dBm) ~100 metres Class 2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) ~10 metres Class 3 1 mW (0 dBm) ~1 metres In most cases the effective range of class 2 devices is extended if they connect to a class 1 transceiver, compared to a pure class 2 network. This is accomplished by the higher sensitivity and transmission power of Class 1 devices. Version Data Rate Version 1.2 1 Mbit/s Version 2.0 + EDR 3 Mbit/s

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HISTORY
Why is the technology called Bluetooth The developers of this wireless technology first used the name "Bluetooth" as a code name, but as time past, the name stuck. The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth. King Bluetooth had been influential in uniting Scandinavian Europe during an era when the region was torn apart by wars and feuding clans. Bluetooth technology was first developed in Scandinavia, and

Bluetooth technology is able to unite differing industries such as the cell phone, computing, and automotive markets. Bluetooth wireless technology simplifies and combines multiple forms of wireless communication into a single, secure, low-power, low-cost, globally available radio frequency.

Bluetooth Technology Over the Years 1998 - Bluetooth technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed. Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement technology in order to rapidly transfer voice and data. 1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced. 2003 - The Bluetooth SIG overhauls the Bluetooth Core Specification with the announcement of Version 2.1. 2004 - Bluetooth Version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.

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2005 - Devices using Version 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005. 2007 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG. 2009 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.

List of applications
A typical Bluetooth mobile phone headset. More prevalent applications of Bluetooth include: Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands-free headset. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular. Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required. Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the mouse, keyboard and printer. Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices with OBEX. Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers, medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices. For controls where infrared was traditionally used. For low bandwidth applications where higher [USB] bandwidth is not required and cable-free connection desired. Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other, discoverable, Bluetooth devices. Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET) networks. Two seventh-generation game consoles, Nintendo's Wii[7] and Sony's PlayStation 3, use Bluetooth for their respective wireless controllers. Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDA using a datacapable mobile phone as a wireless modem like Novatel Mifi. . Short range transmission of health sensor data from medical devices to mobile phone, set-top box or dedicated telehealthdevices

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Bluetooth vs. Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 in networking

Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have many applications in today's offices, homes, and on the move: setting up networks, printing, or transferring presentations and files from PDA to computers. Both are versions of unlicensed wireless technology. Wi-Fi is intended for resident equipment and its applications. The category of applications is outlined as WLAN, the wireless local area networks. WiFi is intended as a replacement for cabling for general local area network access in work areas. Bluetooth is intended for non resident equipment and its applications. The category of applications is outlined as the wireless personal area network (WPAN). Bluetooth is a replacement for cabling in a variety of personally carried applications in any ambience.

Specifications and features

The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund, Sweden The specification is based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology. The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998. Today it has a membership of over 12,000 companies worldwide. It was established by Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba, and Nokia, and later joined by many other companies. Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and manufacturers had difficulty making their products interoperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process (rendering anonymity impossible at the protocol

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level), which was a major setback for certain services planned for use in Bluetooth environments. Bluetooth 1.1

Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002. Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed. Added support for non-encrypted channels. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).

Bluetooth 1.2 This version is backward compatible with 1.1 Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbit/s, than in 1.1. Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005. Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR This version of the Bluetooth specification was released on November 10, 2004. It is backward compatible with the previous version 1.2. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second, although the practical data transfer rate is 2.1 megabits per second. Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is fully backward compatible with 1.2, and was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on July 26, 2007.It supports theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 3 Mbit/s.

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12 Biggest Advantages of Bluetooth Technology Wireless synchronization you can eliminate wires along with improving safety with Bluetooth. You need not worry about carrying connection cables while traveling with your laptop or other wireless devices. Economical - The Bluetooth technology is cheap to implement for the companies resulting in lower costs hence, these savings are passed from the company to you making it economical. Universally accepted - Bluetooth technology is accepted world wide, with it gaining so much popularity, you can rely on it for years to come with an advent of more and more devices started to use Bluetooth technology. Automatic setting up Bluetooth connectivity is automatic Bluetooth and doesnt need professionals. When two or more devices enter a range of up to 30 feet of each other the communication automatically begins between them.

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Upgradeable - Upgradeable Bluetooth standard versions of Bluetooth in the offer various new advantages and backward compatibility with older versions. Standard protocol - Bluetooth is standardized wireless guarantees the high level of compatibility among devices. Bluetooth devices connect to each other irrespective of their model.

Instant PAN (Personal Area Network) - You can have your own personal are network for sharing data among your group consisting of up to seven Bluetooth devices within a range of up to 30 feet. Faster data and voice Sharing you can share data and voice communications via Bluetooth with compatible devices connected to it. For example, it is probably no surprise that a Bluetooth enabled cell phone is capable of sharing voice communications with a compatible Bluetooth headset; however, the same cell phone may also be capable of establishing a GPRS connection to the Internet. Then, using Bluetooth, the phone can connect to a laptop. The result: The laptop is capable of surfing the web or sending and receiving email. Simplifies communication while driving companies like parrot manufactures Bluetooth car kits resolving the audio and communication

issues arising while driving, as Bluetooth simplifies talking and listening music on your cell phone while driving. Avoids interference from other wireless devices - Bluetooth devices avoid interference from other wireless devices with the usage of technique known as frequency hopping, and low power wireless signals. Low power consumption - Bluetooth with the help of low power signals technology requires very less energy reducing the battery consumption or electrical power. Best alternative to data transfer - in case of corrupt flash/pen drives or DVD/CD ROM. It has helped a lot of times when I forgot my pen drive.

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Disadvantages
Bluetooth has several positive features and one would be extremely hard pressed to find downsides when given the current competition. The only real downsides are the data rate and security. Infrared can have data rates of up to 4 MBps, which provides very fast rates for data transfer, while Bluetooth only offers 1 MBps. For this very reason, infrared has yet to be dispensed with completely and is considered by many to be the complimentary technology to that of Bluetooth. Infrared has inherent security due to its line of sight. The greater range and radio frequency (RF) of Bluetooth make it much more open to interception and attack. For this reason, security is a very key aspect to the Bluetooth specification. Although there are very few disadvantages, Bluetooth still remains the best for short range wireless technology. Those who have tried it love it, and they know for a fact that Bluetooth will be around for years to come.

Future of Bluetooth
1. Many of us think that Bluetooth is going to be here to stay, but it is wrong. 2. Bluetooth will be able to complete all other wireless technologies, such as WI-FI networking, infra-red data association, etc.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Bluetooth is a wireless technology that will make connections between various devices. Bluetooth Technology takes

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away the need for several problematic cable attachments for connecting cellular phones, handheld devices, and computers. It is easy, simple, and inexpensive. The next time you think wireless, think Bluetooth...it's the best way to communicate!