8epubllc of Lhe hlllpplnes

SUkLML CCUk1
Manlla
Ln 8AnC
Gk No 819S8 Iune 30 1988
nILIINL ASSCCIA1ICN CI SLkVICL LkCk1LkS
INC peLlLloner
vs
nCN IkANkLIN M DkILCN as Secretary of Labor and
Lmp|oyment and 1CMAS D ACnACCSC as
Adm|n|strator of the h|||pp|ne Cverseas Lmp|oyment
Adm|n|strat|on respondenLs
Cotlettez Alo low Offlces fot petltlooet
SAkMILN1C
@he peLlLloner hlllpplne AssoclaLlon of Servlce
LxporLers lnc (ASLl for shorL) a flrm engaged
prlnclpally ln Lhe recrulLmenL of llllplno workers male
and female for overseas placemenL
1
challenges Lhe
ConsLlLuLlonal valldlLy of ueparLmenL Crder no 1 Serles
of 1988 of Lhe ueparLmenL of Labor and LmploymenL
ln Lhe characLer of CuluLLlnLS CCvL8nlnC @L
@LMC8A8? SuSLnSlCn Cl uLLC?MLn@ Cl llLllnC
uCMLS@lC Anu CuSLCLu WC8kL8S ln Lhls peLlLlon
for cerLlorarl and prohlblLlon Speclflcally Lhe measure
ls assalled for dlscrlmlnaLlon agalnsL males or females
2
LhaL lL does noL apply Lo all llllplno workers buL only
Lo domesLlc helpers and females wlLh slmllar skllls
3

and LhaL lL ls vlolaLlve of Lhe rlghL Lo Lravel lL ls held
llkewlse Lo be an lnvalld exerclse of Lhe lawmaklng
power pollce power belng leglslaLlve and noL
execuLlve ln characLer
ln lLs supplemenL Lo Lhe peLlLlon ASLl lnvokes SecLlon
3 of ArLlcle xlll of Lhe ConsLlLuLlon provldlng for
worker parLlclpaLlon ln pollcy and declslonmaklng
processes affecLlng Lhelr rlghLs and beneflLs as may be
provlded by law
4
ueparLmenL Crder no 1 lL ls
conLended was passed ln Lhe absence of prlor
consulLaLlons lL ls clalmed flnally Lo be ln vlolaLlon of
Lhe CharLers nonlmpalrmenL clause ln addlLlon Lo Lhe
greaL and lrreparable ln[ury LhaL ASLl members face
should Lhe Crder be furLher enforced
Cn May 23 1988 Lhe SollclLor Ceneral on behalf of Lhe
respondenLs SecreLary of Labor and AdmlnlsLraLor of Lhe
hlllpplne Cverseas LmploymenL AdmlnlsLraLlon flled a
CommenL lnformlng Lhe CourL LhaL on March 8 1988
Lhe respondenL Labor SecreLary llfLed Lhe deploymenL
ban ln Lhe sLaLes of lraq !ordan CaLar Canada
ongkong unlLed SLaLes lLaly norway AusLrla and
SwlLzerland * ln submlLLlng Lhe valldlLy of Lhe
challenged guldellnes Lhe SollclLor Ceneral lnvokes
Lhe pollce power of Lhe hlllpplne SLaLe
lL ls admlLLed LhaL ueparLmenL Crder no 1 ls ln Lhe
naLure of a pollce power measure @he only quesLlon ls
wheLher or noL lL ls valld under Lhe ConsLlLuLlon
@he concepL of pollce power ls wellesLabllshed ln Lhls
[urlsdlcLlon lL has been deflned as Lhe sLaLe auLhorlLy
Lo enacL leglslaLlon LhaL may lnLerfere wlLh personal
llberLy or properLy ln order Lo promoLe Lhe general
welfare
S
As deflned lL conslsLs of (1) an lmposlLlon of
resLralnL upon llberLy or properLy (2) ln order Lo fosLer
Lhe common good lL ls noL capable of an exacL
deflnlLlon buL has been purposely velled ln general
Lerms Lo underscore lLs allcomprehenslve embrace
lLs scope everexpandlng Lo meeL Lhe exlgencles of Lhe
Llmes even Lo anLlclpaLe Lhe fuLure where lL could be
done provldes enough room for an efflclenL and flexlble
response Lo condlLlons and clrcumsLances Lhus assurlng
Lhe greaLesL beneflLs
6

lL flnds no speclflc ConsLlLuLlonal granL for Lhe plaln
reason LhaL lL does noL owe lLs orlgln Lo Lhe CharLer
Along wlLh Lhe Laxlng power and emlnenL domaln lL ls
lnborn ln Lhe very facL of sLaLehood and soverelgnLy lL
ls a fundamenLal aLLrlbuLe of governmenL LhaL has
enabled lL Lo perform Lhe mosL vlLal funcLlons of
governance Marshall Lo whom Lhe expresslon has been
credlLed
7
refers Lo lL succlncLly as Lhe plenary power of
Lhe SLaLe Lo govern lLs clLlzens
8

@he pollce power of Lhe SLaLe ls a power coexLenslve
wlLh self proLecLlon and lL ls noL lnapLly Lermed Lhe
law of overwhelmlng necesslLy lL may be sald Lo be
LhaL lnherenL and plenary power ln Lhe SLaLe whlch
enables lL Lo prohlblL all Lhlngs hurLful Lo Lhe comforL
safeLy and welfare of socleLy
9

lL consLlLuLes an lmplled llmlLaLlon on Lhe 8lll of 8lghLs
Accordlng Lo lernando lL ls rooLed ln Lhe concepLlon
LhaL men ln organlzlng Lhe sLaLe and lmposlng upon lLs
governmenL llmlLaLlons Lo safeguard consLlLuLlonal
rlghLs dld noL lnLend Lhereby Lo enable an lndlvldual
clLlzen or a group of clLlzens Lo obsLrucL unreasonably
Lhe enacLmenL of such saluLary measures calculaLed Lo
ensure communal peace safeLy good order and
welfare
10
SlgnlflcanLly Lhe 8lll of 8lghLs lLself does noL
purporL Lo be an absoluLe guaranLy of lndlvldual rlghLs
and llberLles Lven llberLy lLself Lhe greaLesL of all
rlghLs ls noL unresLrlcLed llcense Lo acL accordlng Lo
ones wlll
11
lL ls sub[ecL Lo Lhe far more overrldlng
demands and requlremenLs of Lhe greaLer number
noLwlLhsLandlng lLs exLenslve sweep pollce power ls
noL wlLhouL lLs own llmlLaLlons lor all lLs awesome
consequences lL may noL be exerclsed arblLrarlly or
unreasonably CLherwlse and ln LhaL evenL lL defeaLs
Lhe purpose for whlch lL ls exerclsed LhaL ls Lo advance
Lhe publlc good @hus when Lhe power ls used Lo
furLher prlvaLe lnLeresLs aL Lhe expense of Lhe clLlzenry
Lhere ls a clear mlsuse of Lhe power
12

ln Lhe llghL of Lhe foregolng Lhe peLlLlon musL be
dlsmlssed
As a general rule offlclal acLs en[oy a presumed vahdlLy
13
ln Lhe absence of clear and convlnclng evldence Lo Lhe
conLrary Lhe presumpLlon loglcally sLands
@he peLlLloner has shown no saLlsfacLory reason why Lhe
conLesLed measure should be nulllfled @here ls no
quesLlon LhaL ueparLmenL Crder no 1 applles only Lo
female conLracL workers
14
buL lL does noL Lhereby
make an undue dlscrlmlnaLlon beLween Lhe sexes lL ls
wellseLLled LhaL equallLy before Lhe law under Lhe
ConsLlLuLlon
1S
does noL lmporL a perfecL ldenLlLy of
rlghLs among all men and women lL admlLs of
classlflcaLlons provlded LhaL (1) such classlflcaLlons resL
on subsLanLlal dlsLlncLlons (2) Lhey are germane Lo Lhe
purposes of Lhe law (3) Lhey are noL conflned Lo
exlsLlng condlLlons and (4) Lhey apply equally Lo all
members of Lhe same class
16

@he CourL ls saLlsfled LhaL Lhe classlflcaLlon madeLhe
preference for female workers resLs on subsLanLlal
dlsLlncLlons
As a maLLer of [udlclal noLlce Lhe CourL ls well aware of
Lhe unhappy pllghL LhaL has befallen our female labor
force abroad especlally domesLlc servanLs amld
explolLaLlve worklng condlLlons marked by ln noL a few
cases physlcal and personal abuse @he sordld Lales of
malLreaLmenL suffered by mlgranL llllplna workers even
rape and varlous forms of LorLure conflrmed by
LesLlmonles of reLurnlng workers are compelllng
moLlves for urgenL CovernmenL acLlon As preclsely Lhe
careLaker of ConsLlLuLlonal rlghLs Lhe CourL ls called
upon Lo proLecL vlcLlms of explolLaLlon ln fulfllllng LhaL
duLy Lhe CourL susLalns Lhe CovernmenLs efforLs
@he same however cannoL be sald of our male workers
ln Lhe flrsL place Lhere ls no evldence LhaL excepL
perhaps for lsolaLed lnsLances our men abroad have
been affllcLed wlLh an ldenLlcal predlcamenL @he
peLlLloner has proffered no argumenL LhaL Lhe
CovernmenL should acL slmllarly wlLh respecL Lo male
workers @he CourL of course ls noL lmpresslng some
male chauvlnlsLlc noLlon LhaL men are superlor Lo
women WhaL Lhe CourL ls saylng ls LhaL lL was largely a
maLLer of evldence (LhaL women domesLlc workers are
belng lllLreaLed abroad ln masslve lnsLances) and noL
upon some fanclful or arblLrary yardsLlck LhaL Lhe
CovernmenL acLed ln Lhls case lL ls evldence capable
lndeed of unquesLlonable demonsLraLlon and evldence
Lhls CourL accepLs @he CourL cannoL however say Lhe
same Lhlng as far as men are concerned @here ls slmply
no evldence Lo [usLlfy such an lnference Sufflce lL Lo
sLaLe Lhen LhaL lnsofar as classlflcaLlons are concerned
Lhls CourL ls conLenL LhaL dlsLlncLlons are borne by Lhe
evldence ulscrlmlnaLlon ln Lhls case ls [usLlfled
As we have furLhermore lndlcaLed execuLlve
deLermlnaLlons are generally flnal on Lhe CourL under a
republlcan reglme lL ls Lhe execuLlve branch LhaL
enforces pollcy lor Lhelr parL Lhe courLs declde ln Lhe
proper cases wheLher LhaL pollcy or Lhe manner by
whlch lL ls lmplemenLed agrees wlLh Lhe ConsLlLuLlon or
Lhe laws buL lL ls noL for Lhem Lo quesLlon lLs wlsdom
As a coequal body Lhe [udlclary has greaL respecL for
deLermlnaLlons of Lhe Chlef LxecuLlve or hls subalLerns
especlally when Lhe leglslaLure lLself has speclflcally
glven Lhem enough room on how Lhe law should be
effecLlvely enforced ln Lhe case aL bar Lhere ls no
galnsaylng Lhe facL and Lhe CourL wlll deal wlLh Lhls aL
greaLer lengLh shorLly LhaL ueparLmenL Crder no 1
lmplemenLs Lhe rulemaklng powers granLed by Lhe
Labor Code 8uL whaL should be noLed ls Lhe facL LhaL ln
splLe of such a flcLlon of flnallLy Lhe CourL ls on lLs own
persuaded LhaL prevalllng condlLlons lndeed call for a
deploymenL ban
@here ls llkewlse no doubL LhaL such a classlflcaLlon ls
germane Lo Lhe purpose behlnd Lhe measure
unquesLlonably lL ls Lhe avowed ob[ecLlve of
ueparLmenL Crder no 1 Lo enhance Lhe proLecLlon for
llllplno female overseas workers
17
Lhls CourL has no
quarrel LhaL ln Lhe mldsL of Lhe Lerrlble mlsLreaLmenL
llllplna workers have suffered abroad a ban on
deploymenL wlll be for Lhelr own good and welfare
@he Crder does noL narrowly apply Lo exlsLlng
condlLlons 8aLher lL ls lnLended Lo apply lndeflnlLely so
long as Lhose condlLlons exlsL @hls ls clear from Lhe
Crder lLself (endlng revlew of Lhe admlnlsLraLlve and
legal measures ln Lhe hlllpplnes and ln Lhe hosL
counLrles
18
) meanlng Lo say LhaL should Lhe
auLhorlLles arrlve aL a means lmpressed wlLh a greaLer
degree of permanency Lhe ban shall be llfLed As a sLop
gap measure lL ls possessed of a necessary malleablllLy
dependlng on Lhe clrcumsLances of each case
Accordlngly lL provldes
9 Lll@lnC Cl SuSLnSlCn @he SecreLary of Labor
and LmploymenL (uCLL) may upon recommendaLlon of
Lhe hlllpplne Cverseas LmploymenL AdmlnlsLraLlon
(CLA) llfL Lhe suspenslon ln counLrles where Lhere are
1 8llaLeral agreemenLs or undersLandlng wlLh Lhe
hlllpplnes and/or
2 LxlsLlng mechanlsms provldlng for sufflclenL
safeguards Lo ensure Lhe welfare and proLecLlon of
llllplno workers
19

@he CourL flnds flnally Lhe lmpugned guldellnes Lo be
appllcable Lo all female domesLlc overseas workers @haL
lL does noL apply Lo all llllplna workers
20
ls noL an
argumenL for unconsLlLuLlonallLy ad Lhe ban been
glven unlversal appllcablllLy Lhen lL would have been
unreasonable and arblLrary lor obvlous reasons noL all
of Lhem are slmllarly clrcumsLanced WhaL Lhe
ConsLlLuLlon prohlblLs ls Lhe slngllng ouL of a selecL
person or group of persons wlLhln an exlsLlng class Lo
Lhe pre[udlce of such a person or group or resulLlng ln
an unfalr advanLage Lo anoLher person or group of
persons @o apply Lhe ban say excluslvely Lo workers
deployed by A buL noL Lo Lhose recrulLed by 8 would
obvlously clash wlLh Lhe equal proLecLlon clause of Lhe
CharLer lL would be a classlc case of whaL Chase refers
Lo as a law LhaL Lakes properLy from A and glves lL Lo
8
21
lL would be an unlawful lnvaslon of properLy rlghLs
and freedom of conLracL and needless Lo sLaLe an
lnvalld acL
22
(lernando says Where Lhe classlflcaLlon
ls based on such dlsLlncLlons LhaL make a real dlfference
as lnfancy sex and sLage of clvlllzaLlon of mlnorlLy
groups Lhe beLLer rule lL would seem ls Lo recognlze lLs
valldlLy only lf Lhe young Lhe women and Lhe culLural
mlnorlLles are slngled ouL for favorable LreaLmenL
@here would be an elemenL of unreasonableness lf on
Lhe conLrary Lhelr sLaLus LhaL calls for Lhe law
mlnlsLerlng Lo Lhelr needs ls made Lhe basls of
dlscrlmlnaLory leglslaLlon agalnsL Lhem lf such be Lhe
case lL would be dlfflculL Lo refuLe Lhe asserLlon of
denlal of equal proLecLlon
23
ln Lhe case aL bar Lhe
assalled Crder clearly accords proLecLlon Lo cerLaln
women workers and noL Lhe conLrary)
lL ls lncorrecL Lo say LhaL ueparLmenL Crder no 1
prescrlbes a LoLal ban on overseas deploymenL lrom
scaLLered provlslons of Lhe Crder lL ls evldenL LhaL such
a LoLal ban has hoL been conLemplaLed We quoLe
3 Au@C8lZLu uLLC?MLn@@he deploymenL of
domesLlc helpers and workers of slmllar skllls deflned
hereln Lo Lhe followlng slc are auLhorlzed under Lhese
guldellnes and are exempLed from Lhe suspenslon
31 lrlngs by lmmedlaLe members of Lhe famlly of
eads of SLaLe and CovernmenL
32 lrlngs by MlnlsLer uepuLy MlnlsLer and Lhe oLher
senlor governmenL offlclals and
33 lrlngs by senlor offlclals of Lhe dlplomaLlc corps and
duly accredlLed lnLernaLlonal organlzaLlons
34 lrlngs by employers ln counLrles wlLh whom Lhe
hlllpplnes have slc bllaLeral labor agreemenLs or
undersLandlng
xxx xxx xxx
7 vACA@lCnlnC uCMLS@lC LLL8S Anu WC8kL8S Cl
SlMlLA8 SklLLSvacaLlonlng domesLlc helpers and/or
workers of slmllar skllls shall be allowed Lo process wlLh
Lhe CLA and leave for workslLe only lf Lhey are
reLurnlng Lo Lhe same employer Lo flnlsh an exlsLlng or
parLlally served employmenL conLracL @hose workers
reLurnlng Lo workslLe Lo serve a new employer shall be
covered by Lhe suspenslon and Lhe provlslon of Lhese
guldellnes
xxx xxx xxx
9 Lll@lnC Cl SuSLnSlCn@he SecreLary of Labor and
LmploymenL (uCLL) may upon recommendaLlon of Lhe
hlllpplne Cverseas LmploymenL AdmlnlsLraLlon (CLA)
llfL Lhe suspenslon ln counLrles where Lhere are
1 8llaLeral agreemenLs or undersLandlng wlLh Lhe
hlllpplnes and/or
2 LxlsLlng mechanlsms provldlng for sufflclenL
safeguards Lo ensure Lhe welfare and proLecLlon of
llllplno workers
24

xxx xxx xxx
@he consequence Lhe deploymenL ban has on Lhe rlghL
Lo Lravel does noL lmpalr Lhe rlghL @he rlghL Lo Lravel ls
sub[ecL among oLher Lhlngs Lo Lhe requlremenLs of
publlc safeLy as may be provlded by law
2S

ueparLmenL Crder no 1 ls a valld lmplemenLaLlon of
Lhe Labor Code ln parLlcular lLs baslc pollcy Lo afford
proLecLlon Lo labor
26
pursuanL Lo Lhe respondenL
ueparLmenL of Labors rulemaklng auLhorlLy vesLed ln lL
by Lhe Labor Code
27
@he peLlLloner assumes LhaL lL ls
unreasonable slmply because of lLs lmpacL on Lhe rlghL
Lo Lravel buL as we have sLaLed Lhe rlghL lLself ls noL
absoluLe @he dlspuLed Crder ls a valld quallflcaLlon
LhereLo
nelLher ls Lhere merlL ln Lhe conLenLlon LhaL
ueparLmenL Crder no 1 consLlLuLes an lnvalld exerclse
of leglslaLlve power lL ls Lrue LhaL pollce power ls Lhe
domaln of Lhe leglslaLure buL lL does noL mean LhaL
such an auLhorlLy may noL be lawfully delegaLed As we
have menLloned Lhe Labor Code lLself vesLs Lhe
ueparLmenL of Labor and LmploymenL wlLh rulemaklng
powers ln Lhe enforcemenL whereof
28

@he peLlLlonerss rellance on Lhe ConsLlLuLlonal guaranLy
of worker parLlclpaLlon ln pollcy and declslonmaklng
processes affecLlng Lhelr rlghLs and beneflLs
29
ls noL
wellLaken @he rlghL granLed by Lhls provlslon agaln
musL submlL Lo Lhe demands and necesslLles of Lhe
SLaLes power of regulaLlon
@he ConsLlLuLlon declares LhaL
Sec 3 @he SLaLe shall afford full proLecLlon Lo labor
local and overseas organlzed and unorganlzed and
promoLe full employmenL and equallLy of employmenL
opporLunlLles for all
30

roLecLlon Lo labor does noL slgnlfy Lhe promoLlon of
employmenL alone WhaL concerns Lhe ConsLlLuLlon
more paramounLly ls LhaL such an employmenL be
above all decenL [usL and humane lL ls bad enough
LhaL Lhe counLry has Lo send lLs sons and daughLers Lo
sLrange lands because lL cannoL saLlsfy Lhelr
employmenL needs aL home under Lhese
clrcumsLances Lhe CovernmenL ls duLybound Lo lnsure
LhaL our Lolllng expaLrlaLes have adequaLe proLecLlon
personally and economlcally whlle away from home ln
Lhls case Lhe CovernmenL has evldence an evldence
Lhe peLlLloner cannoL serlously dlspuLe of Lhe lack or
lnadequacy of such proLecLlon and as parL of lLs duLy lL
has preclsely ordered an lndeflnlLe ban on deploymenL
@he CourL flnds furLhermore LhaL Lhe CovernmenL has
noL lndlscrlmlnaLely made use of lLs auLhorlLy lL ls noL
conLesLed LhaL lL has ln facL removed Lhe prohlblLlon
wlLh respecL Lo cerLaln counLrles as manlfesLed by Lhe
SollclLor Ceneral
@he nonlmpalrmenL clause of Lhe ConsLlLuLlon lnvoked
by Lhe peLlLloner musL yleld Lo Lhe lofLler purposes
LargeLLed by Lhe CovernmenL
31
lreedom of conLracL
and enLerprlse llke all oLher freedoms ls noL free from
resLrlcLlons more so ln Lhls [urlsdlcLlon where lolssez
folte has never been fully accepLed as a conLrolllng
economlc way of llfe
@hls CourL undersLands Lhe grave lmpllcaLlons Lhe
quesLloned Crder has on Lhe buslness of recrulLmenL
@he concern of Lhe CovernmenL however ls noL
necessarlly Lo malnLaln proflLs of buslness flrms ln Lhe
ordlnary sequence of evenLs lL ls proflLs LhaL suffer as a
resulL of CovernmenL regulaLlon @he lnLeresL of Lhe
SLaLe ls Lo provlde a decenL llvlng Lo lLs clLlzens @he
CovernmenL has convlnced Lhe CourL ln Lhls case LhaL
Lhls ls lLs lnLenL We do noL flnd Lhe lmpugned Crder Lo
be LalnLed wlLh a grave abuse of dlscreLlon Lo warranL
Lhe exLraordlnary rellef prayed for
WL8LlC8L Lhe peLlLlon ls ulSMlSSLu no cosLs
SC C8uL8Lu

D|gest
Iacts eLlLloner hll assoclaLlon of Servlce LxporLers
lnc ls engaged prlnclpally ln Lhe recrulLmenL of llllplno
workers male and female of overseas employmenL lL
challenges Lhe consLlLuLlonal valldlLy of uepL Crder no
1 (1998) of uCLL enLlLled Culdellnes Covernlng Lhe
@emporary Suspenslon of ueploymenL of llllplno
uomesLlc and ousehold Workers" lL clalms LhaL such
order ls a dlscrlmlnaLlon agalnsL males and females @he
Crder does noL apply Lo all llllplno workers buL only Lo
domesLlc helpers and females wlLh slmllar skllls and
LhaL lL ls ln vlolaLlon of Lhe rlghL Lo Lravel lL also belng
an lnvalld exerclse of Lhe lawmaklng power lurLher
ASLl lnvokes Sec 3 of ArL 13 of Lhe ConsLlLuLlon
provldlng for worker parLlclpaLlon ln pollcy and declslon
maklng processes affecLlng Lhelr rlghLs and beneflLs as
may be provlded by law @hereafLer Lhe SollclLor
Ceneral on behalf of uCLL submlLLlng Lo Lhe valldlLy of
Lhe challenged guldellnes lnvolvlng Lhe pollce power of
Lhe SLaLe and lnformed Lhe courL LhaL Lhe respondenL
have llfLed Lhe deploymenL ban ln some sLaLes where
Lhere exlsLs bllaLeral agreemenL wlLh Lhe hlllpplnes and
exlsLlng mechanlsm provldlng for sufflclenL safeguards
Lo ensure Lhe welfare and proLecLlon of Lhe llllplno
workers


Issue WheLher or noL Lhere has been a valld
classlflcaLlon ln Lhe challenged ueparLmenL Crder no 1

ne|d SC ln dlsmlsslng Lhe peLlLlon ruled LhaL Lhere has
been valld classlflcaLlon Lhe llllplno female domesLlcs
worklng abroad were ln a class by Lhemselves because
of Lhe speclal rlsk Lo whlch Lhelr class was exposed
@here ls no quesLlon LhaL Crder no1 applles only Lo
female conLracL workers buL lL does noL Lhereby make
an undue dlscrlmlnaLlon beLween sexes lL ls well seLLled
haL equallLy before Lhe law under Lhe consLlLuLlon does
noL lmporL a perfecL ldenLlLy of rlghLs among all men
and women lL admlLs of classlflcaLlon provlded LhaL

1 Such classlflcaLlon resLs on subsLanLlal dlsLlncLlons
2 @haL Lhey are germane Lo Lhe purpose of Lhe law
3 @hey are noL conflned Lo exlsLlng condlLlons
4 @hey apply equally Lo al members of Lhe same class

ln Lhe case aL bar Lhe classlflcaLlons made resL on
subsLanLlal dlsLlncLlons

uepL Crder no 1 does noL lmpalr Lhe rlghL Lo Lravel
@he consequence of Lhe deploymenL ban has on Lhe
rlghL Lo Lravel does noL lmpalr Lhe rlghL as Lhe rlghL Lo
Lravel ls sub[ecLs among oLher Lhlngs Lo Lhe
requlremenLs of publlc safeLy" as may be provlded by
law ueploymenL ban of female domesLlc helper ls a
valld exerclse of pollce power ollce power as been
deflned as Lhe sLaLe auLhorlLy Lo enacL leglslaLlon LhaL
may lnLerfere wlLh personal llberLy or properLy ln order
Lo promoLe general welfare nelLher ls Lhere merlL ln
Lhe conLenLlon LhaL ueparLmenL Crder no 1 consLlLuLes
an lnvalld exerclse of leglslaLlve power as Lhe labor code
vesL Lhe uCLL wlLh rule maklng powers