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Jump to: navigation, search Stack effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other containers, and is driven by buoyancy. Buoyancy occurs due to a difference in indoor-to-outdoor air density resulting from temperature and moisture differences. The result is either a positive or negative buoyancy force. The greater the thermal difference and the height of the structure, the greater the buoyancy force, and thus the stack effect. The stack effect is also referred to as the "chimney effect", and it helps drive natural ventilation and infiltration.
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1 Stack effect in buildings 2 Stack effect in flue gas stacks and chimneys 3 The driving force for the stack effect 4 The flow induced by the stack effect 5 See also 6 References 7 External links
The stack effect in chimneys: the gauges represent absolute air pressure and the airflow is indicated with light grey arrows. The gauge dials move clockwise with increasing pressure. The stack effect in industrial flue gas stacks is similar to that in buildings, except that it involves hot flue gases having large temperature differences with the ambient outside air. Furthermore, an industrial flue gas stack typically provides little obstruction for the flue gas along its length and is, in fact, normally optimized to enhance the stack effect to reduce fan energy requirements. Large temperature differences between the outside air and the flue gases can create a strong stack effect in chimneys for buildings using a fireplace for heating. Fireplace chimneys can sometimes draw in more cold outside air than can be heated by the fireplace, resulting in a net heat loss.
For flue gas stacks and chimneys, where air is on the outside and combustion flue gases are on the inside, the equations will only provide an approximation and h is the height of the flue gas stack or chimney.
SI units: where: P = available pressure difference, in Pa C = 0.0342 a = atmospheric pressure, in Pa h = height or distance, in m To = absolute outside temperature, in K Ti = absolute inside temperature, in K U.S. customary units: where: P = available pressure difference, in psi C = 0.0188 a = atmospheric pressure, in psi h = height or distance, in ft To = absolute outside temperature, in R Ti = absolute inside temperature, in R
SI units:
where: Q = stack effect draft/draught flow rate, m/s A = flow area, m C = discharge coefficient (usually taken to be from 0.65 to 0.70) g = gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s h = height or distance, m Ti = average inside temperature, K To = outside air temperature, K U.S. customary units: where: Q = stack effect draft/draught flow rate, ft/s A = area, ft C = discharge coefficient (usually taken to be from 0.65 to 0.70) g = gravitational acceleration, 32.17 ft/s h = height or distance, ft Ti = average inside temperature, R To = outside air temperature, R
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